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Aim. To evaluate the efficiency of nocturnal hyperalimentation in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and respiratory failure. Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 17 patients older than 18 years (mean age, 25.6±4.2 years) diagnosed with very severe CF (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV), < 30%; body mass index (BMI), < 18.5 kg/m); all the patients were on the waiting list for lung transplantation. Nutritional status and pulmonary function parameters, such as body weight, height, BMI, and FEV, were measured at baseline, before and 6 and 9 months after tube feeding. Results. The study group showed a considerable increase in body weight and BMI after 6 and 9 months. The change in lung function was statistically insignificant. Lung transplantation was successfully conducted in 5 patients; 4 died while on the waiting list; the cause of death was respiratory failure. Conclusion. Supplemental PEG tube feeding improves the nutritional status (BMI, body weight) of patients with very severe CF.

The paper describes the first lung transplantation at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care in a female patient with endstage pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, which has shown a good result during a 6-month follow-up.

The article has summarized the global practice of the lung graft assessment with defining the absolute and relative criteria of donor lung suitability. The authors have presented their own experience of fiberoptic bronchoscopy 115 potential donors in the period from 2010 to 2015. The results of endoscopic examination of donor lungs were reviewed to determine the degree of the bronchial mucosa inflammation. A therapeutic fiberoptic bronchoscopy allowed clearing the bronchial lumen from pathologic contents and adequate preparing the lung graft in 29.6% of cases.