Search

Purpose To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of fully automated analysis of multimodal imaging data using [18F]-FET-PET and MRI (including amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging and dynamic-susceptibility-contrast (DSC) perfusion) in differentiation of tumor progression from treatment-related changes in patients with glioma. Material and methods At suspected tumor progression, MRI and [18F]-FET-PET data as part of a retrospective analysis of an observational cohort of 66 patients/74 scans (51 glioblastoma and 23 lower-grade-glioma, 8 patients included at two different time points) were automatically segmented into necrosis, FLAIR-hyperintense, and contrast-enhancing areas using an ensemble of deep learning algorithms. In parallel, previous MR exam was processed in a similar way to subtract preexisting tumor areas and focus on progressive tumor only. Within these progressive areas, intensity statistics were automatically extracted from [18F]-FET-PET, APTw, and DSC-derived cerebral-blood-volume (CBV) maps and used to train a Random Forest classifier with threefold cross-validation. To evaluate contribution of the imaging modalities to the classifier’s performance, impurity-based importance measures were collected. Classifier performance was compared with radiology reports and interdisciplinary tumor board assessments. Results In 57/74 cases (77%), tumor progression was confirmed histopathologically (39 cases) or via follow-up imaging (18 cases), while remaining 17 cases were diagnosed as treatment-related changes. The classification accuracy of the Random Forest classifier was 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.93 (sensitivity 0.91, 95% CI 0.81–0.97; specificity 0.71, 95% CI 0.44–0.9), significantly above the no-information rate of 0.77 (p = 0.03), and higher compared to an accuracy of 0.82 for MRI (95% CI 0.72–0.9), 0.81 for [18F]-FET-PET (95% CI 0.7–0.89), and 0.81 for expert consensus (95% CI 0.7–0.89), although these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.1 for all comparisons, McNemar test). [18F]-FET-PET hot-spot volume was single-most important variable, with relevant contribution from all imaging modalities. Conclusion Automated, joint image analysis of [18F]-FET-PET and advanced MR imaging techniques APTw and DSC perfusion is a promising tool for objective response assessment in gliomas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-021-05427-8.

Mobile phones are becoming the chosen platforms for web access, with a forecast that over the coming decade more users will connect to the internet through mobile than conventional desktop computers. Internet search is likely going to remain one of the major ways to find information and services on the web. In order to provide satisfactory usability, mobile searches will have to take into consideration the nature of handsets. Being both pervasive and person-centric they continuously capture information about users and their context. Context awareness can enhance the mobile search experience by augmenting user queries with context information captured through the handset's sensors. In this paper we propose a unified architecture supporting context-awareness in mobility and show how it can be applied to mobile searches. Based on real life contextual data captured from handsets we discuss design approaches and end-user benefits of making mobile searches more context-aware.

Zusammenfassung Zur Wirksamkeitsbestimmung von MKS-Vaccinen wird ein 3-Punktetest an Mausen beschrieben. Dieses Testmodell erlaubt eine statistisch gesicherte Wertbemessung des Antigengehaltes von MKS-Vaccinen bei guter Reproduzierbarkeit. Summary Effectiveness of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines in a three-point test in mice A three-point test in mice is described which enables the effectiveness of FM vaccines to be determined and provides a test model which permits a statistically significant measurement of the antigen content of FN vaccines and gives reproducible results. Resume Determination de l'efficacite des vaccins de la fievre aphteuse dans un test en trois points chez des souris Un test en trois points chez des souris est decrit pour la determination de l'efficacite des vaccins FA. Ce modele permet une mesure statistique sure des des valeurs du taux d'antigene des vaccins FA avec une bonne reproductibilite. Resumen Valuacion de la eficacia de vacunas antiaftosas en la prueba de 3 puntos con ratones Se describe una prueba de 3 puntos con ratones, con la cual se puede valorar la eficacia de vacunas antiaftosas. Este modelo de prueba permite evaluar el contenido en antigenos de vacunas antiaftosas, estando asegurado estadisticamente y siendo su reproducibilidad buena.

Zusammenfassung In vergleichenden Untersuchungen wurden im internationalen Schrifttum beschriebene Haemagglutinationshemmungstechniken zum Nachweis von PI3-Antikorpern gepruft. Dabei ergab sich, das die Beseitigung evtl. Isoagglutinine die Ergebnisse nicht sichtbar beeinfluste. Als nachteilig erwies sich die Verwendung von Rindererythrozyten als Indikatorsystem. Diese einfache Haemagglutinationshemmungstechnik war fur den Antikorpernachweis im Serum und im Nasensekret aktiv wie auch passiv immuner Rinder bzw. Kalber in gleicher Weise geeignet. Summary Demonstration of parainfluenza 3 viral antibodies in serum and nasal excretion of calves and cattle with particular reference to haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies The haemagglutination inhibition technique for the demonstration of PI3 antibodies was compared with other tests described in the international literature. The results showed that removal of likely iso-agglutinins had no significant effect. The use of cattle erythrocytes as an indicator system was a disadvantage. This simple HI technique was suitable for the demonstration of antibody in the serum and nasal secretion of both actively and passively immunised cattle and calves. Resume Contribution a la mise en evidence des anticorps viraux Parainfluenza 3 dans le serum et la secretion nasale chez le veau et le bovin en tenant compte particulierement des anticorps inhibant l'hemagglutination On trouve la description des techniques d'inhibition de l'hemagglutination pour la mise en evidence des anticorps PI3 dans des publications comparables de la litterature internationale. Il en resulte que l'elimination d'isoagglutinines eventuelles n'influencent pas de facon marquee les resultats. L'emploi d'erythrocytes de bovins comme systeme de reference s'est revele defavorable. Cette technique simple de l'inhibition de l'hemagglutination s'est revelee valable aussi bien pour la mise en evidence des anticorps dans le serum et la secretion nasale que lors de recherches chez des bovins (respectivement des veaux) passivement immunises. Resumen Una contribucion a la identificacion de anticuerpos virales parainfluenza 3 en el suero sanguineo y destilacion nasal de terneros y vacunos bajo la consideracion especial de los anticuerpos inhibidores de la hemoaglutinacion En estudios comparativos se examinaron las tecnicas de inhibicion de la hemoaglutinacion, descritas en la bibliografia internacional, para identificar anticuerpos PI3. Aqui se vio que la eliminacion de eventuales isoaglutininas no influia de forma visible sobre los resultados. Se revelo como desfavorable el empleo de globulos rojos bovinos a modo de sistema indicador. Esta tecnica simple de inhibicion de la hemoaglutinacion resultaba apropiada tanto para identificar anticuerpos en el suero como en la destilacion nasal de vacunos y terneros, inmunes de forma activa y pasiva.

Ein privater Reptilienzuchter, der sich exotische Schlangen hielt, wurde von einer Kobra oberhalb seines Ohres am Kopf gebissen. Die sofort alarmierte Ambulanz brachte den Patienten unter instabilen Kreislaufverhaltnissen ins Zentrumspital. Auf dem Transportweg musste der Patient kardiopulmonal reanimiert werden. Im Spital wurde der Patient bei einem GCS 5 intubiert und vasoaktive Medikamente (Adrenalin) mussten verabreicht werden. Per Hubschrauber wurde das Bissopfer an eine Universitatsklinik transferiert, wo mehrere Dosen Antiserum verabreicht wurden. Nach vier Tagen Koma kehrten Schluckreflexe und spontane Atmung zunehmend zuruck, sodass der Patient in der Folge extubiert werden konnte. An der Bissstelle am Kopf entwickelten sich ein Angioodem und eine lokale Nekrose. Eine chirurgische Sanierung der Wunde wurde nicht vorgenommen. Acht Tage nach dem Vorfall konnte der Patient in gutem Allgemeinzustand nach Hause entlassen werden.

Effusion of an ideal gas through a small orifice when a drifting gas exists past the orifice, as well as the reverse process, are investigated through extensive two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that a net transport of particles takes place toward the side containing the drifting gas. Based on the model used, however, this transport of particles is caused by the drifting gas carrying away the effused particles, rather than by a pressure gradient across the aperture, as stated by the Bernoulli principle. In fact, the computer simulation results show that at zero net transport rate, the drifting gas will have a higher pressure than gas at rest. The effect of aperture size, drift velocity, and temperature are also investigated.

ZusammenfassungNanofiltration, bestehend aus der Kombination von Planova® 75 nm/35 nm Filtern, ist in den Produktionsprozeß des PPSB-Konzentrates Beriplex® P/N integriert. Abreicherungsfaktoren der mit umhüllten Viren versetzten Intermediärprodukte von mehr als 7,2 log10 für HSV-1, mehr als 7,3 log10 für HIV-1, von 3,8 log10 für BVDV und von 4,3 log10 für HBV wurden durch die Filtration erzielt. Durch das PPSB-Reinigungsverfahren, die Pasteurisierung und die Nanofiltration wird ein kumulierter Virusabreicherungsfaktor von mindestens 15 log10 für in Zellkultur titrierbare Viren erzielt. Durch fünf konsekutive Aufarbeitungen im Produktionsmaßstab parallel mit/ohne Nanofiltration wurde die Reproduzierbarkeit und Beibehaltung der Produktqualität gezeigt. Die Einführung der Nanofiltration führte zu keinen nachteiligen Auswirkungen auf Beriplex® P/N; das Produktprofil blieb erhalten.

Imbibed embryos of after-ripened and secondarily thermo- and FR-dormantAgrostemma githagoseeds were investigated as to their ability to synthesize DNA, RNA and proteins with the aim of finding characteristic differences connected with the induction and maintenance of developmental arrest. A gradual decrease in DNA synthesis was observed during the induction of thermodormancy. However, DNA synthesis was stimulated up to that of embryos of 30–h-imbibed after-ripened seeds within 24 h approximately after transferring the thermodormant seeds into temperatures which normally allow germination. DNA synthesis of embryos of FR-dormant seeds remained constant at a relatively low level during 7 d FR and another 7 d dark incubation. RNA synthesis decreased to different extents during induction of thermo- and FR-dormancy when it was arrested at a relatively low level in seeds transferred to temperatures which normally allow germination. Processes leading to an increase in RNA synthesis such as in embryos of after-ripened seeds appeared to be quantitatively and/or qualitatively repressed. Interestingly, protein synthesis was extremely depressed during induction of thermodormancy whereas it was slightly stimulated during induction of FR-dormancy. Nevertheless two-dimensional protein PAGE revealed several polypeptides which were new, increased, decreased or not synthesized predominantly in axes of thermo- and FR-dormant seeds in comparison to germinating after-ripened seeds. It is suggested that a connection exists between these polypeptides and the repression of germination. After transferring seconarily dormant seeds to temperatures which normally allow germination, a temporary stimulation of protein synthesis could be observed in both cases.

Secondary dormancy (thermodormancy) inAgrostemma githagoL. seeds, caused by imbibing the seeds for 4 d at 35°C in the dark, is broken under the influence of cyanide (10 mM), azide (1 mM or BAP (0.44 mM). Both respiration inhibitors (cyanide and azide) and BAP increase the synthesis of five specific soluble proteins in the embryo axes and cotyledons. The activity of β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS, EC 4.4.1.9.), which is able to detoxify cyanide, decreased in response to cyanide and azide. The relevance of these findings to the breaking of thermodormancy is discussed.

Patterns of newly synthesized proteins in imbibing after-ripened young and aged Agrostemma embryos show differences in the dynamics of cotyledons and axes. In the course of imbibition the termination of some syntheses in the embryonal parts of aged seeds is delayed. As was shown by in vitro translation, mRNAs coding for the synthesis of some proteins are still present in the embryos when protein translation has already finished.

As in cotyledons of Agrostemma githago, synthesis of DNA takes place after germination in cotyledons of Vaccaria pyramidata and is followed by the formation of hydrolases, in particular, a-amylase and acid phosphatase. If DNA synthesis is inhibited by hydroxyurea, no, or only slight, enzyme activity develops. The possible role of this DNA synthesis is discussed.

The important issues in the design and development of the Eaton NV20A high-current ion implantation system are discussed. The control system is based on a Sun Microsystems workstation connected through an Ethernet to a multiprocessor controller. The software is based on an object-oriented environment with a layered operator interface design. An adaptive robotics-based wafer handling system, and clampless wafer holding allow for high throughput with good particulate performance. The modular design of the beam optics add to system versatility.

Changes in macromolecule syntheses, especially RNA synthesis, and the energy providing system were investigated in seeds ofAgrostemma githago aged for different periods. In embryos of aged seeds all macromolecule syntheses start later and reach a lower level than young ones. It was found that the synthesis of rRNA in embryos of aged seeds is reduced whereas the synthesis of poly (A+) RNA in relation to the total RNA synthesis is highly increased as well as the amount of this RNA species with long poly (A) chains. The results are discussed in connection with the decreased protein synthesis and the reduced ATP content and ATP formation ability in embryos during the long time storage of seeds.

Isotope shifts in dielectronic recombination spectra were studied for Li-like ^{A}Nd^{57+} ions with A=142 and A=150. From the displacement of resonance positions energy shifts \delta E^{142,150}(2s-2p_1/2)= 40.2(3)(6) meV (stat)(sys)) and \delta E^{142,150}(2s-2p_3/2) = 42.3(12)(20) meV of 2s-2p_j transitions were deduced. An evaluation of these values within a full QED treatment yields a change in the mean-square charge radius of ^{142,150}\delta = -1.36(1)(3) fm^2. The approach is conceptually new and combines the advantage of a simple atomic structure with high sensitivity to nuclear size., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

We wanted to determine the degree of placental transfer of atosiban (Antocin), an oxytocin antagonist, in pregnant women at term. We also assessed the effects of the infusion on umbilical cord blood gases at birth and the maternal hematocrit drop after cesarean section.Eight women undergoing elective cesarean section at term were studied. Each received an infusion of 300 micrograms/min of atosiban over 208 to 443 minutes; the infusion was continued up to the time of cord clamping. Uterine vein and umbilical blood samples were obtained simultaneously. They were assayed by specific radioimmunoassay. Cord blood gases were obtained and compared with those from a control group of women undergoing elective cesarean section.The mean (+/- SD) maternal uterine vein concentration was 331.9 +/- 42.9 ng/ml, compared with 42 +/- 13 ng/ml in the umbilical vein (p0.05). The mean maternal/fetal was 12 +/- 0.03, which was not affected by the length of infusion. There was no significant difference in the hematocrit drop between the cesarean delivery groups: 5.9 +/- 0.4 for the control group versus 5.8 +/- 1.1 for the atosiban group (p0.1). The mean cord pH was 7.27 for the atosiban group versus 7.27 for the control group (n = 141) (p0.1). One year follow-up of the infants (n = 7) was normal.Our results show minimal placental transfer of atosiban. Drug levels did not increase with longer infusions, and no effect was seen on umbilical cord gases. Administration of atosiban even at high doses up to the time of delivery did not increase maternal blood loss at cesarean section.

A private reptile breeder who handled exotic snakes was bitten by a Cobra near his ear. An ambulance was immediately called and the patient was transferred under unstable hemodynamic conditions to the nearest major hospital. During transport the patient had to undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In the hospital, his status again deteriorated and he was intubated at a Glasgow coma scale of 5 and vasoactive medications were given. The patient was transferred by helicopter to a university hospital, where several doses of antivenom were given. After 4 days of deep coma the patient regained consciousness and spontaneous respiration and was extubated. Around the location of the bite wound angioedema and local necrosis developed. Surgical treatment of the wound was not necessary and 8 days after the incident the patient was fully recovered and was discharged from the hospital.

Since the introduction of new, very sensitive imaging procedures (ultrasonography, CT, MRI) the incidence of incidentally discovered, asymptomatic adrenal masses has clearly increased. These tumours are a new challenge to develop therapy and preoperative evaluation strategies, as the following case report shows. In a 29-year-old asymptomatic female patient a large adrenal tumour on the left side was discovered on abdominal ultrasonography during pregnancy. The further endocrinological examinations were normal. The patient was operated on post partum. During intraoperative manipulation of the tumour we observed an excessive increase in blood-pressure and heart rate. Shortly after removal of the tumour and immediate sympatholytic treatment the situation was under control. The intraoperative clinical situation and histological work-up of the tumour led to the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma. The problem of adrenal incidentalomas is discussed on the basis of the current literature and an algorithm for preoperative evaluation is presented.

The objective of this analysis is to determine the prevalence and severity of injuries encountered during the 1994-96 Badger State Summer Games Finals. Allocation of available medical personnel can be determined with this information. Medical contact with an athlete required an evaluation form to be completed by the health care professional covering the event. Information was compiled and analyzed to determine injury frequency and severity. Of the 31,580 athletes competing over the three year period in the 11 sports provided with medical personnel, 285 suffered a reportable injury. Soccer and basketball had the highest number of reported injuries with 68 and 65 injuries respectively. Basketball (2.00%), cycling (1.59%), wrestling (1.50%) and roller hockey (1.24%) had the highest injury rates. Severity of injury determined by the number of injuries transported to a medical facility found wrestling (23), soccer (22), basketball (11), and cycling (6) with the highest numbers of severe injuries. Wrestling (1.27%), basketball (.34%), soccer (.32%), and cycling (.21%) had the highest rate of severe injury. The most common sustained injuries were found to be sprains, strains, skin wounds, and contusions. These four types of injuries made up 70.18% of the injuries sustained. In conclusion, non-physician medical presence may be adequate coverage in most venues at multi-sport athletic competitions like the Badger State Games because of the relatively low frequency of severe injuries.

For the manufacture of the PCC Beriplex P/N, nanofiltration was introduced into the production process of Beriplex HS providing an additional means to heat treatment for the clearance/inactivation of viruses. By nanofiltration, large enveloped viruses (HSV-1, HIV-1) were completely eliminated by a factor of more than 7 log10. While medium-sized enveloped viruses (HBV, BVDV) were cleared by a factor of approximately 4 log10, small non-enveloped viruses (poliovirus) were not removed. The product profile remained, no thrombogenic activities were detected.

Experimental cross section data are presented as online data tables for electron impact single ionization of Fe11 + forming Fe12 + and electron impact double ionization of Fe11 + forming Fe13 +.

BZur Beurteilung komplexer Beckenfrakturen werden heutzutage in der Regel zusatzlich zu den konventionellen Rontgenaufnahmen computertomographische Schnitte angefertigt. Insbesondere im Bereich des Acetabulum liefert die Computertomographie entscheidende Zusatzinformationen hinsichtlich der Fragmentstellung, des Ausmases der Gelenkbeteiligung sowie der Ausdehnung von Weichteilverletzungen. Mit Hilfe von gerateintegrierten Rechnerprogrammen lassen sich innerhalb kurzer Zeit aus den aquirierten Scandaten dreidimensionale Rekonstruktionen in behebig wahlbaren Projektionen entwerfen. Diese sind interaktiv am Monitor problemorientiert erstellbar (auf Wunsch auch automatisiert nach Vorgabe der Parameter) und wie die axialen Scans auf Film dokumentierbar.

Laboratory studies were made to verify the capacity and efficacy of the pasteurisation step (heat treatment at 60 degrees C for 10 hours in stabilized aqueous solution) in inactivating various pathogenic viruses (e.g. HIV, HBV, HCV related viruses, HAV, HSV, poliovirus). These experiments proved that pasteurisation effectively inactivates a broad spectrum of viruses with a range of different physicochemical properties. The results, summarized in inactivation kinetics, demonstrate that complete inactivation of high quantities of both enveloped (e.g. HIV, HCV related viruses) and non-enveloped (e.g. poliovirus) viruses takes place during pasteurisation. In clinical trials on the virus safety of plasma derivatives no case of AIDS, hepatitis B or C occurred. From these data we conclude that heat treatment at 60 degrees C in a stabilized aqueous solution confers a high margin of safety on human plasma protein preparations regarding the transmission of diseases such as AIDS or hepatitis.

In this paper we consider Anonymous Sequential Games with Aggregate Uncertainty. We prove existence of equilibrium when there is a general state space representing aggregate uncertainty. when the economy is stationary and the underlying process governing aggregate uncertainty Markov, we provide Markov representations of the equilibria.

By means of a case-report of a 33 years old pat., having colitis ulcerosa for 16 years with serious epitheldysplasia and developing primary sclerosing cholangitis, the typical progress of the disease with manifestation of a secondary biliary cirrhosis is shown. The course was complicated by the development of a bile-duct carcinoma. Present possibilities of diagnosis and therapy are discussed.

Summary The biological activity of several gibberellin (GA) conjugates was studied and compared with that of the corresponding free GAs. The following conjugates were included: 3-O- β -D-glucopyranosides of GA 1 , GA 3 and GA 4 ; 13–O- β -D-glucopyranosides of GA 1 , GA 3 and GA 5 ; GA 8 -2-O- β -D-glucopyranoside; 13-O- β -D-glucopyranosyl- GA 5 - β -D-glucopyranosyl ester; GA 3 - β -D-glucopyranosyl ester and GA 3 - α -D-glucopyranosyl ester; N-GA 3 -oyl-glycine, N-GA 3 -oyl-glycylglycine and N-GA 3 -oyl-proline. The activity was determined in the wheat- α -amylase bioassay, i. e., a special modification of the barley endosperm bioassay, and the Amaranthus GA bioassay using sterile techniques. Activities of the free GAs as well as of the conjugates differ in both bioassays. Many of the GA conjugates were found to possess very low activity. Only the 13-O-glucopyranosyl-GA 5 - β -D-glucopyranosyl ester was as active as GA 5 in Triticum , whereas in Amaranthus GA 5 -13-O-glucoside and GA 4 -3–O-glucoside showed relative activities of 7.5 and 15 %, respectively. The GA 3 - β -D-glucopyranosyl ester reached relative activities of 10–15% in both bioassays. According to the present knowledge the activity of GA conjugates as measured in the bioassays is based upon the presence of enzymes hydrolyzing the glucoside, glucosyl ester, and amide-like linkages.

Distributed computer systems based on a multimicrocomputer structure offer the best preconditions to improve the reliability of a system and to realize fault tolerance. Basic fault-tolerant system (BFS), described in this paper, is the implementation of a fault-tolerant multimicrocomputer system. The architecture of BFS is a partially meshed ring structure, based on previous work. This kind of ring structure is appropriate for system monitoring and reconfiguration mechanisms.

Summary In Melandrium noctiflorum seeds germination and the capacity for general protein and RNA syntheses are not directly correlated. Dormant and afterripened seeds of the harvest 1974 do not show any differences in 14 C-alanine and 3 H-uracil incorporation after soaking 12 and more hours under different conditions which can induce (paper factor, red and white light) or inhibit (far-red light, 30°C) germination. However, there are differences in the start of protein and RNA syntheses in dependence of the physiological state of the seeds. RNA, and especially protein syntheses in dormant seeds start earlier than in afterripened ones. When afterripened seeds were brought to a second dormancy by long-time irradiation with far-red, a high level of 14 C-alanine incorporation occurs. Therefore we conclude that bulk protein and RNA syntheses do not control germination of these seeds. Ethylene is partially able to break dormancy of Melandrium noctiflorum seeds, especially in combination with white light, but there is no enhanced incorporation of 14 C-alanine and 3 H-uracil into ethylene treated seeds, too. Nevertheless, there is a rapid inhibition of germination by reducing protein and RNA syntheses after application of the specific inhibitors, cycloheximide and 2-thiouracil. According to these results dormancy of Melandrium noctiflorum seeds seems not to be caused by a general but by a specific metabolic block.