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Objective: to determine the sensitivity and specificity of simultaneous analysis of the central vein sign (CVS) and the concentration of free kappa chains (FKC) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS).Material and methods. Eighty patients participated in the study. The main group comprised 54 patients who had been diagnosed with MS according to the 2017 McDonald criteria. The comparison group comprised 26 patients with other diseases of the central nervous system. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the concentration of FKC in the CSF. MRI of the brain was performed in all patients. The total and relative number of lesions with CVS were calculated.Results. An increased level of FKC in the CSF and a higher frequency of lesions with CVS were found in the group of MS patients compared to the control group (p

Objective: to determine the sensitivity and specificity of method of determining the concentration of immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS).Material and methods. 80 patients participated in the study. The main group consisted of 54 patients diagnosed with MS according to the 2017 McDonald criteria. The comparison group (n=26) comprised patients with other diseases of the nervous system. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the concentration of FLCs (kappa- and lambda-chains) in the CSF.Results. In the group of patients with MS, an increase in the concentration of free kappa-chains (к-FLCs) in the CSF was found compared to the comparison group (p

Introduction. The original English-language questionnaire for identifying the risks of developing chronic back pain The Keele STarT Back Screening Tool was developed in 2007 and adapted for use in many languages. The article describes the linguistic adaptation of the Russian version of the questionnaire The Keele STarT Back Screening Tool conducted in accordance with generally accepted rules.Aim. Linguistic adaptation of the Russian-language version of The Keele STarT Back Screening Tool.Materials and methods. Linguistic adaptation was carried out in five stages: 1) direct translation by three translators; 2) development of one version of direct translation; 3) reverse translation by two native English speakers; 4) development of one reverse version and its discussion by a committee of experts; 5) preliminary testing of the Russian version in a group of 30 patients (10 men and 20 women) aged from 28 to 84 years (average age 61.3 ± 8.7 years) with acute back pain, who in the period of April-June 2022 were on outpatient or inpatient treatment at the Clinic of Nervous Diseases of Sechenov University for nonspecific back pain (n = 21) and radiculopathy (n = 9).Results and discussion. All patients reported that the wording of the questionnaire items was clear and did not raise additional questions. The response time to the questions ranged from 30 seconds to 2 minutes 20 seconds (on average – 1 minute 18 seconds).Conclusion. The adapted Russian version of The Keele STarT Back Screening Tool questionnaire to identify the risks of developing chronic back pain did not cause comments from patients and experts. This version can be used to confirm its psychometric properties.

GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected. To probe the very-high-energy (VHE; >100 GeV) emission, the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) began observations 53 hr after the triggering event, when the brightness of the moonlight no longer precluded observations. We derive differential and integral upper limits using H.E.S.S. data from the third, fourth, and ninth nights after the initial GRB detection, after applying atmospheric corrections. The combined observations yield an integral energy flux upper limit of ${{\rm{\Phi }}}_{\mathrm{UL}}^{95 \% }=9.7\times {10}^{-12}\,\mathrm{erg}\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}\,{{\rm{s}}}^{-1}$ above E _thr = 650 GeV. The constraints derived from the H.E.S.S. observations complement the available multiwavelength data. The radio to X-ray data are consistent with synchrotron emission from a single electron population, with the peak in the spectral energy distribution occurring above the X-ray band. Compared to the VHE-bright GRB 190829A, the upper limits for GRB 221009A imply a smaller gamma-ray to X-ray flux ratio in the afterglow. Even in the absence of a detection, the H.E.S.S. upper limits thus contribute to the multiwavelength picture of GRB 221009A, effectively ruling out an IC-dominated scenario.

In 2021 July, PKS 1510−089 exhibited a significant flux drop in the high-energy γ -ray (by a factor 10) and optical (by a factor 5) bands and remained in this low state throughout 2022. Similarly, the optical polarization in the source vanished, resulting in the optical spectrum being fully explained through the steady flux of the accretion disk and the broad-line region. Unlike the aforementioned bands, the very-high-energy γ -ray and X-ray fluxes did not exhibit a significant flux drop from year to year. This suggests that the steady-state very-high-energy γ -ray and X-ray fluxes originate from a different emission region than the vanished parts of the high-energy γ -ray and optical jet fluxes. The latter component has disappeared through either a swing of the jet away from the line of sight or a significant drop in the photon production efficiency of the jet close to the black hole. Either change could become visible in high-resolution radio images.

Magnetic fields in galaxies and galaxy clusters are believed to be the result of the amplification of intergalactic seed fields during the formation of large-scale structures in the universe. However, the origin, strength, and morphology of this intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) remain unknown. Lower limits on (or indirect detection of) the IGMF can be obtained from observations of high-energy gamma rays from distant blazars. Gamma rays interact with the extragalactic background light to produce electron−positron pairs, which can subsequently initiate electromagnetic cascades. The gamma-ray signature of the cascade depends on the IGMF since it deflects the pairs. Here we report on a new search for this cascade emission using a combined data set from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and the High Energy Stereoscopic System. Using state-of-the-art Monte Carlo predictions for the cascade signal, our results place a lower limit on the IGMF of B > 7.1 × 10 ^−16 G for a coherence length of 1 Mpc even when blazar duty cycles as short as 10 yr are assumed. This improves on previous lower limits by a factor of 2. For longer duty cycles of 10 ^4 (10 ^7 ) yr, IGMF strengths below 1.8 × 10 ^−14 G (3.9 × 10 ^−14 G) are excluded, which rules out specific models for IGMF generation in the early universe.

The article outlines the questions of pathogenesis of acne as well as clinical trial data, which indicate that the skin of patients with acne needs comprehensive care with therapeutic cosmetics. Long term use of medical cosmetics has a positive effect on the course of acne disease. The basis of the study is the use of cosmetics line A “Skinormil” including the patented complex Citobiol lRIS, zinc sulfate and vitamin A. Seventy-four patients with acne of the first, second and third severity were monitored and it was recommended them a comprehensive skin care with medical cosmetics. According to the analysis of the clinical picture, it was concluded that on the background of proper care, there is a positive dynamics in the course of acne.

The results of many years of scientific research in the field of physico-chemical biology and its most important direction - lipidology, conducted by the leading scientific school under the leadership of Academician RAS Vitaly I. Shvets, are reported. On the creation of synthetic, biotechnological methods for obtaining lipids, with the possibility of their practical use by designing on this basis effective diagnostic and medicinal products and application in practical medicine. The further development and use of methods of bionanotechnology for the development of modern medicines for directed action on the basis of increasing the effectiveness of classical drugs by their incorporation into nanocontainers is described. It is reported on the development of technologies for obtaining nanoscale forms of drugs, the study of their pharmacological properties and use in medical practice. Information is provided on the preparation of liposomal antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-tuberculosis, cardiac preparations based on the proposed echnologies, the study of properties and the use for therapeutic purposes. The technologies for obtaining and conducting biological studies of nanoforms based on copolymers of lactic and glycolic acids of antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and a number of other drugs have been developed: It has been shown that the use of nanosized drugs can lead to a significant increase in the pharmacological effect due to various factors. It was noted that during the construction of the drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the contents of liposomes loaded with dopamine pass through the blood-brain barrier almost 100 times better than individual dopamine molecules. Finding a substance in nanoparticles reduces its toxicity primarily due to the effect of "passive targeting". The prolonged action of medicinal substances enclosed in nanoparticles is discussed, due to their gradual release. It is noted that the targeted delivery of nanoparticles makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of the drugs by an order of magnitude. It is reported on the drug-delivery technology in the field of oncology and the use of the method of selective delivery of cytostatics to tumor tissues using the receptor-mediated endocytosis. Biological and pharmacological studies based on nanopoporous silicon on the creation of liposomal drugs for the treatment of cancer, cardiological pathologies, tuberculosis are carried out. Data on the work of the scientific and educational center for training specialists in the field of biotechnology and pharmacy are given.

Objective. To study the effect of peloids Saki Lake and brine, combined with the drug “Berlition® 600” on immunoregulatory processes based on morphological and functional changes of the skin in patients with plaque psoriasis. Materials and methods. The study involved 90 patients with plaque psoriasis mild to moderate severity. The study group included - 45 patients receiving therapeutic mud treatments, and the brine baths in conjunction with the “Berlition® 600” in the control group - 45 patients treated with mud baths and RPMA. All patients using flow cytometry laser defined subpopulations of T-lymphocytes. The concentration of Ig A, M and G in the blood was determined by mikroturbidimetricheskim with monospecific antisera; proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1a, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemistry Skin biopsy were studied with the definition of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Results and discussion. Patients in both treatment groups revealed an imbalance of T and B-cell immunity to the reduction in the number of helper-inductor (CD4+) and cytotoxic (CD8+) subpopulations of T-L in peripheral blood and increase in CD3+, with a predominance of CD8+ in psoriatic infiltrate amid overproduction of cytokines. Procedures for medical mud and the brine baths in combination with the drug “Berlition® 600” has a marked immunomodulatory effect due normalitsatsiey of T-cell immunity and reduction of the balance of cytokine profile, “clinical cure” and “significant improvement” reached 45 (100%) patients, the index regression PASI- 96,7 ± 1,3% DLQI-86 ± 2,1%. Conclusions. Peloids, balneotherapy in Lake Saki in combination with the drug “Berlition® 600” has a high clinical efficacy due to immunomodulatory, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects and can be recommended as a differentiated, immunomodulatory therapy in patients with plaque psoriasis mild to moderate severity.

В статье проанализирован контент караимского книжного собрания Бахчисарайского историко-культурного археологического музея-заповедника; прослежена история его формирования. Книги систематизированы по тематическому и хронологическому принципу. Среди них: редкие старопечатные издания (наиболее ранние из них датируются XVI в.), молитвенники (сиддуры), издания Ветхого Завета, образцы доктринальной и светской литературы, написанные на иврите, русском и караимском языках, и составлявших ранее имущество членов караимской общины Бахчисарая и «пещерного города» Чуфут-Кале. При работе над статьей также использовались труды отечественных и зарубежных специалистов по указанной теме, а также материалы, хранящиеся в Государственном архиве Республики Крым (г. Симферополь). / This publication analyses a content of the Karaite Book collection of Bakhchisaray Historical and Cultural Archaeological Museum-Reserve; it descried the history of its formation. Books organized by thematic and chronological order. Among them are rare incunabula (the earliest of which date from the XVI c.), prayer books (siddurs), editions of the Old Testament examples of the doctrinal and secular literature written in Hebrew, Russian and Karaite and formed the previous property member of the Karaite community and Bakhchisaray “cave city” Chufut-Kale. The article based on the works and publications of both pre-revolutionary and modern historians and specialists and the materials stored in the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea also. Preview

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most urgent problems of modern oncourology because of the continuing high incidence of this pathology. The main methods of radical treatment of patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy – remote (RRT) or brachytherapy. However, the frequency of biochemical markers of disease progression after curative treatment is high and reaches up to 27–53%. It is extremely important to find the tumor lesion that leads to the increase of the marker. The palliative hormone therapy (PHT) was the only accepted method in patients with occurrence of distant metastases in recent time. However, a significant number of patients relapse marker may be associated with the so-called oligo-metastatic disease progression, in which the number of detected metastatic lesions is minimal. As the results of the research, the use of surgical or radiological treatment in selected patients of this cohort can significantly increase the length of time prior to the appointment of HT, and in some cases completely abandon its holding.Purpose. To evaluate the results of the saving pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with prostate cancer with disease progression after radical therapies.Patients and methods. The article summarizes the results of surgical treatment of patients who have undergone life-saving lymphadenectomy about oligo-nodal metastatic progression of prostate cancer after treatment in 3 centers – P. Hertsen MORI, the branch of NMRRC; N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology and Russian scientific center of radiology and surgical technologies. In this multicenter study they evaluated the immediate and remote results of surgical treatment of 57 patients.Results. The results performed the high efficiency of the method of the saving pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with prostate cancer with disease progression after radical treatment. So, response to therapy and reduction in the marker level was observed in 47 (82.5%) patients. The decline in PSA level ≥50% from initial level in a month after the operation was in 38 (66,7%) patients. A complete answer in the form of lower marker ≤0.2 ng/ml was observed in 13 (22,8%) patients. For the entire median follow-up period of 12 months, patients with complete response to therapy had received any hormonal treatment.Conclusion. The saving pelvic lymphadenectomy is an effective method for the treatment of patients with the presence of lymphogenic progression of prostate cancer after a radical treatment with satisfactory oncological results. A significant contingent of patients, SLE is associated with good response to therapy and reduction in PSA levels and long disease-free period. In some patients the removal of nodal metastases allows to postpone or to abandon the HT and hope to increase overall survival of patients.

В биологии издавна отмечались попытки представить объект её исследования – живой организм – в виде системы (целостности). Основной смысл этой концепции заключается в том, что, рассматривая свойства живого организма как системы, принципиально и категорически недопустимо: а) формировать представления о них аддитивным способом или отождествлять со свойствами составляющих его структурных образований; б) трактовать (объяснять) исходя из знаний и представлений свойств составляющих его структурных образований. Общая теория систем, теории функциональных универсальных блоков, функциональных систем, общего адаптационного синдрома являются теоретической основой методологии комплекса лечебно­профилактических мероприятий активационно­адаптогенной терапии, в результате которой достигают: а) нормализации физиологических и регенеративных процессов; б) активизации репаративных процессов. Курс комплексной неспецифической активационно­адаптогенной терапии был проведен у более 450 пациентов. В результате перевода организма человека в состояние тренировки, спокойной или повышенной активации, иммунокомпетентная система более эффективно выполняет свою биологическую функцию – сохранение и восстановление генетически обусловленного морфофункционального гомеокинезиса. Отражением этого является достижение позитивных клинических результатов: 1) улучшение качества жизни; 2) улучшение показателей функции органов и систем организма человека; 3) восстановление генетически обусловленной морфофункциональной организации тканей в патологически изменённых очагах (что подтверждается ультразвуковыми и рентгенологическими исследованиями). Показательные случаи.

There was carried out the therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drug carbamazepine by use of a bayesian mathematical modeling method in 47 patients with a focal epilepsy. The database of patients pharmacokinetic characteristics concerning carbamazepine was created. According the results of carbamazepine monitoring anticonvulsant dosage regimen was corrected

Abstract: due to the emergence of new technologies in a pharmakokinetics, a pharmacogenetics and analytical chemistry, the medicine comes to qualitatively new stage of development. Therapeutic drug monitoring as the mean of the real time pharmacotherapy efficiency control becomes the basis of rational therapy in modern medicine. In the article various aspects of the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) as subsection of clinical pharmacology are discussed. The main indications to carrying out TDM and the main TDM procedures are submitted. Value of TDM for an epileptology is discussed. The special attention is paid to the bioanalytical methods and new methodical approaches (such as non-invasive drug monitoring and equilibrium dialysis) applied in TDM. TDM role as an independent discipline of a medical sciences, with concentration on modern pharmacokinetics computer programs is separately analyzed.

The paper analyses the information about soldiers and officers of the Voluntary Army of the South of Russia from Crimean Karaites communities who took part in the Civil War. The information on the Karaites’ participation in World War I and the Civil War is scattered in scientific and local history literature. However, it should be noted that these data are not complete and have a fragmentary character; in some cases, there are some factual mistakes and inaccuracies. The paper aims at reconstructing the biographies of the Karaites-servicemen of the Voluntary Army of the South of Russia in that period. Archive documents kept in the funds of Taurida and Odessa Karaite Religious Division of the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea (Simferopol), collections on statistics dating to the end of the 19th – early 20th centuries, data from various bibliographic reference books, memoirs of military operations participants and the materials of pre-revolutionary periodicals were used during the work on this paper.A significant number of Karaites fought in the Voluntary Army of the South of Russia in 1918–1920. Many were killed in battles against the Red Army and the Bolshevik «Red» terror; some managed to leave the Crimean peninsula. An important task in the study of this issue is the continued search for and reconstruction of biographies of the Karaites who were in the ranks of the Voluntary Army of the South of Russia. A promising direction in the study of this problem is the collection of historical data, materials, periodicals, memoirs and participants in the events of 1918–1920.

We consider a sequence of functions which are starlike in the unit disk and their logarithmic derivatives are meromorphic with a finite number of simple poles in any boundary domain. These poles are either determined or random with given characteristics. The aim of the article is the limit process and the properties of limit functions. We distinguish conditions for residues and distribution of poles. Under certain conditions, the sequence converges to the identity function. Another conditions allow us to obtain estimates for the limit function and its logarithmic derivative.

Based on the aggregate results from several different studies, this article will provide readers a survey view about the ability to drug delivery one of the most typical nano structures – liposome and the use of this structure for various therapeutic purposes, including anticancer therapy, antibacterial therapy and gene therapy.

The solid-phase synthesis of a tetrameric model sequence of polyamide nucleic acid mimetics (PANAM) incorporating terminal chiral and charged unit was performed. As a result during the synthesis and cleavage from the resin the tendency of PANAM with the N-terminal negatively charged monomer to cyclization with simultaneous N-acyl transfer of carboxyethyl base residue was found. Application of MALDI-TOF mass - spectrometry allowed us to find suitable conditions for obtaining PANAM oligomers without the significant amount of by-products.

Организм человека по своей сути является открытой, нелинейной, перманентно и динамически развивающейся биологической системой с соответствующими иерархическими уровнями организации. В настоящее время доминирующее место в комплексах лечебно-профилактических мероприятий занимает фармакотерапия. Вследствие этого клиническим докторам необходимо иметь представления об атомно-молекулярном иерархическом уровне структурно-функциональной организации организма человека, на котором и реализуется механизм воздействия на него фармакологических средств. Теория функциональных универсальных блоков даёт понимание и представление: 1) принципов, лежащих в основе структурно-функциональной организации клеток организма человека, реализующих его физиологические функции; 2) системной структурно-функциональной организации организма человека на молекулярном, субклеточном и клеточном уровнях иерархического его строения; 3) основы реализации процессов физиологических функций организма человека на клеточном уровне иерархической его организации; 4) причин, механизмов и процессов формирования заболевания организма человека на субклеточном и клеточном уровнях иерархической структурно-функциональной его организации; 5) системной манифестации определённых нозологических форм и многофокальных эффектов фармакологических препаратов; 6) определения объективного пути решения клинических проблем.

Результаты многолетних экспериментальных исследований биологической ткани указывают на то, что она с точки зрения радиофизики представляет собой оптическую среду (систему), в которой происходит направляемый волноводный процесс (векторная канализация оптического излучения). Также они указывают и на существование устойчивой пространственно-временной организации электромагнитного поля внутри биологических объектов. С целью исследования участков кожи, которые соответствуют определённым проекциям внутренних органов организма человека, авторы этой статьи создали новую аппаратуру. Она позволила непрерывно, без воздействия электрическим током на кожу, регистрировать электропотенциалы точек её участков в режиме реального времени. Она также дала возможности объективно выявлять и исследовать системные связи и отношения, вопервых, между участками кожи, которые соответствуют биологически активным точкам и биологически активным зонам, а во-вторых, между ними и внутренними анатомическими образованиями организма человека. Результаты исследований позволили сформулировать следующие заключения: 1) электромагнитное поле организма человека имеет относительно устойчивую пространственно-временную организацию; 2) электромагнитное поле организма человека является организованной средой; 3) в электромагнитном поле кожи ладоней человека имеются эквивалентные зоны электромагнитных полей частей его тела и внутренних органов его организма. Полученные данные дают объективную основу для утверждения о том, что в организме человека существует полевой механизм согласования и регуляции физиологических функций элементов структурной его организации, который реализуется на основе волновых взаимосвязей, взаимоотношений и взаимодействий между ними. На основе таких медико-технических средств возможно создание неинвазивного метода диагностики, контроля и мониторинга: а) состояния системной структурно-функциональной организации организма человека; б) функционального состояния структурных его образований и их организаций; в) показателей деятельности функциональных систем организма человека.

Approaches to sample preparation for estimation of free fatty acids composition by gas chromatography are presented. These fatty acids are included in the total lipid extract of human plasma.

An indirect approach for the determination of enantiomeric purity of chiral α-(benzyl)-carboxyethyl- and γ-methyl-substituted monomers of polyamide nucleic acids mimics (PANAM) is described. The test consist in the synthesis of C-terminal diastereomers with methyl ester of L- or DL-isoleucine for each PANAM monomer and estimation of the relative content (abundance ratio) of main and minor diastereomers by means of reverse phase HPLC and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.

Universal efficient preparative approach for obtaining of γ-substitued polyamide DNA-mimics on the base of L-alanine and L-glycine derivates was presented. As result of research cytosine and adenine-containing final monomers were synthesised. It was found that both allyl and methyl C-terminal protecting group can be used in the synthesis as example of cytosine-containing derivates.