Search

Binge drinking (BD) is an especially pro-oxidant model of alcohol consumption, mainly used by adolescents. It has recently been related to the hepatic IR-process. Skeletal muscle is known to be involved in insulin action and modulation through myokine secretion. However, there is no information on muscle metabolism and myokine secretion after BD exposure in adolescents. Two experimental groups of adolescent rats have been used: control and BD-exposed one. Oxidative balance, energy status and lipid, and protein metabolism have been analyzed in muscle, together with myokine serum levels (IL-6, myostatin, LIF, IL-5, fractalkine, FGF21, irisin, BDNF, FSTL1, apelin, FABP3, osteocrin, osteonectin (SPARC), and oncostatin). In muscle, BD affects the antioxidant enzyme balance leading to lipid and protein oxidation. Besides, it also increases the activation of AMPK and thus contributes to decrease SREBP1 and pmTOR and to increase FOXO3a expressions, promoting lipid and protein degradation. These alterations deeply affect the myokine secretion pattern. This is the first study to examine a general myokine response after exposure to BD. BD not only caused a detrimental imbalance in myokines related to muscle turnover, decreased those contributing to increase IR-process, decreased FST-1 and apelin and their cardioprotective function but also reduced the neuroprotective BDNF. Consequently, BD leads to an important metabolic and energetic disequilibrium in skeletal muscle, which contributes to exacerbate a general IR-process.

The benefits of physical exercise on health are diminished when it is non-planned, strenuous, or vigorous, which causes an increase in oxygen consumption and production of free radicals, particularly serious at the muscular level. Ubiquinol could help achieve an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and ergogenic effect. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether a supplementation of ubiquinol during a short period could have a positive effect on muscle aggression, physical performance, and fatigue perception in non-elite athletes after high intensity circuit weight training. One hundred healthy and well-trained men, (firemen of the Fire Department of Granada) were enrolled in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and randomized study, and separated into two groups: the placebo group (PG, n = 50); and the ubiquinol group (UG, n = 50), supplemented with an oral dose. Before and after the intervention, data related to the number of repetitions, muscle strength, and perceived exertion, as well as blood samples were collected. An increase was observed in the UG regarding average load and repetitions, revealing an improvement in muscle performance. Ubiquinol supplementation also reduced muscle damage markers, showing a protective effect on muscle fibers. Therefore, this study provides evidence that ubiquinol supplementation improves muscle performance and prevents muscle damage after strenuous exercise in a population of well-trained individuals who are not elite athletes.

COVID-19, an acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly become a pandemic. On the other hand, obesity is also reaching dramatic dimensions and it is a risk factor for morbidity and premature mortality. Obesity has been linked to a high risk of serious-associated complications to COVID-19, due to the increased risk of concomitant chronic diseases, which highlights the health public relevance of the topic. Obese subjects have a pro-inflammatory environment, which can further exacerbate COVID-19-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, explaining the increased risk of serious complications in these patients. Another factor that favors infection in obese patients is the high expression of ACE2 receptors in the adipose tissue. The negative impact of COVID-19 in obesity is also associated with a decrease in respiratory function, the concurrence of multiple comorbidities, a low-degree chronic inflammatory state, immunocompromised situation, and therefore a higher rate of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, in-hospital complications such as pneumonia, and death. In this review, the link between obesity and COVID-19 was analyzed, exploring the potential common mechanisms in both diseases, with special attention to oxidative stress and inflammation, due to the crucial role of both pathways in the development of the disease.

Nowadays, tourism is one of the top three that driving the global economy, so much so that one in ten jobs is generated by this sector. However, unemployment levels have not decreased in the same proportion that tourism increases, therefore, determining the theoretical contributions on the incidence of the tourism sector to reduce unemployment is essential to help boost the economy through a sector which, contrary to the extractive economy, helps to conserve natural resources. For this bibliographic review, first it was checked the theoretical contributions of tourism and unemployment; Subsequently, a review of the theoretical contributions on the incidence of tourism to the reduction of unemployment in the international economy was carried out and finally a review of the theoretical contributions on the incidence of tourism to the decrease of unemployment in Colombia and in the Meta department It was determined that the tourism sector does influence the reduction of unemployment levels, therefore the government must generate economic policies that strengthen this sector seeking an economic growth and development without deteriorating existing natural resources., El turismo es ahora una de los tres sectores principales que impulsan la economía global, tanto así que uno de cada diez empleos es generado por este sector. Sin embargo, los niveles de desempleo no han disminuido en la misma proporción que aumenta el turismo, por lo tanto, determinar los aportes teóricos sobre la incidencia del sector turismo a la disminución del desempleo es fundamental para ayudar a dinamizar la economía a través de un sector que al contrario de la economía extractiva ayuda a conservar los recursos naturales. Para esta revisión bibliográfica primero se realizó una revisión de los aportes teóricos del turismo y desempleo; posteriormente se realizó una revisión de los aportes teóricos sobre la incidencia del turismo a la disminución del desempleo en la economía internacional y finalmente realizar una revisión de los aportes teóricos sobre la incidencia del turismo a la disminución del desempleo en Colombia y en el departamento del Meta. Se determinó que el sector turismo si influye en la reducción de los niveles de desempleo por lo tanto el gobierno debe generar políticas económicas que fortalezcan este sector y a si buscar un desarrollo y crecimiento económico sin deterior los recursos naturales existentes.

El perfilamiento de riesgo de crédito es un tema relevante para las entidades financieras, toda vez que identifica los factores generadores de riesgo de crédito (edad, género, capacidad de pago), además de contribuir en la implementación de Sistemas de Administración de Riesgo SARC. En ese sentido, este estudio estima el perfil de riesgos de los asociados (buenos y malos) de una cooperativa de ahorro y crédito en la ciudad de Villavicencio, que acceden a créditos en la modalidad de consumo, para lo cual se utiliza un modelo logit, que luego de ser aplicado arrojo como resultado que los asociados a la misma, presentan como factores generadores de riesgo, el ser hombres, la corta edad, bajos ingresos, ser soltero, poca antigüedad como asociado, no tener personas a cargo, encontrarse empleado en empresas privadas, tener créditos con montos altos, al igual que su respectivo plazo.