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Introduction: Social media have become one of the leading health communication channels among the exponents of Health 2.0. Twitter has particularly noteworthy features for providing information quickly and easily. However, there is still controversy about the convenience of its use. Objectives: This paper aims to identify the main topics of health covered, the uses of Twitter in health communication and to characterize the valences (positive and negative) associated with each use. Methodology: To do that, we conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Two databases (Web of Science and Pubmed) were searched, and 610 articles were retrieved. After removing duplicates, screening the titles and abstracts and assessing the full texts, 83 papers met the inclusion criteria. Results: The review identified five uses of Twitter: Conversation, Engagement, Information, Prevention, and Awareness, and it established the definitions of the positive and negative valences associated with each use. The most common uses found were Conversation and Engagement. Likewise, the two areas most studied were Public Health and Infectious Diseases. Conclusion: There is no consensus on the usefulness of Twitter as a tool for information or for generating debate, although the platform's effectiveness for measuring the impact of health campaigns was highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

User behavior patterns when consuming and sharing information on social networks are analyzed, paying special attention to the effects of the type of presentation and the type of social network. As is common when analyzing activity on social networks, we used the experience sampling method, in which a group of volunteer participants are asked, at different times, a set of questions about their recent activity or experience. The sample consisted of 279 subjects. The results show that news requiring a greater effort is usually shared through closed networks, while in open networks there is a tendency to share more superficial information. No significant differences are found between the degree of reading of the news and the type of social network where it is shared. Moreover, the level of consumption does not influence the degree of reading of the shared material. The level of enjoyment of the news is found to influence its degree of reading. The differences between networks highlight that, on Facebook, the frequency of use influences the dynamics of consumption and sharing, with shared news being more emotional and useful. In contrast, in the case of Twitter, there is a greater preference for so-called soft information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This article analyzes the influence of emotions on users' intention to share news about climate change on social media. Media consumption habits, previous attitudes towards the issue and social media uses and gratifications sought are considered as moderating roles. Methodology: An online, self-administered, questionnaire was submitted to a sample of undergraduate students from different courses and centers placed at Madrid region. Data were statistically tested following simple and multiple linear regression, simple and multiple logistic regression and simple and multiple ordinal regression models. Results and conclusions: It is concluded that fear and anger are the most influential emotions on users' intention to share a piece of news on social media. Information seeking, news internalizing and previous attitudes are identified as moderating factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is focused on the media coverage of the terrorist attacks occurred in Barcelona and Cambrils, Spain, in August 2017. The study analyzes the digital version of three international newspapers: The guardian, El país and El periódico de Catalunya. The content they published is compared with the Code of Ethics of the Professional Journalists Association of Catalonia and the Guidelines on news coverage of terrorism from the Catalan Audiovisual Council (CAC-CPC, 2016). The results show that the newspapers meet these criteria, with the exceptions of the protection of minors and the protection of privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The article analyses and characterizes the ethical principles that underpin publication rules about authorship disputes in the education journals listed in Journal Citation Reports (JCR). Methodology: The article analyses the content of the ethical principles, submission conditions and author and reviewer guidelines required by the journals listed in the JCR subject category "Education and Educational Research". It analyses the presence of the following categories: inclusion and exclusion criteria, author order and maximum number of authors, corresponding author's role, changes to authorship and conflicts of interest between students and their supervisors or mentors. The results are classified according to publisher, geographical region and JCR quartile. Results: A little over half of the journals analysed include authorship-related ethical principles in their publication rules. Most commonly, these principles relate to inclusion criteria, followed by author order and corresponding author's role. Geographical region plays a decisive role in determining how far these principles are applied, while impact factor does not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertisements are persuasive communications. The presence of gender stereotypes in those of them addressed to children can significantly influence their socialization process. Thus, this research focuses on the main companies of toy industry in Spain and on the strategy they followed in Facebook during 2014-2015 Christmas campaign. We analyze the objective of messages, the gender of children, the presence of adults, the use of voices, and the kind of interaction. We compare the data we obtain with some previous research, referred to television and offline media. The results show that there are less gender stereotypes and that brands have changed their strategies, because of the nature of social networking sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of ethical guidelines in the instructions for authors and reviewers from 214 journals indexed in the Education and Educational Research category of the 2014 edition of the Journal Citation Reports is analyzed. Content and thematic analysis methodology has been followed to examine the presence of topics regarding ethics of scholarly publishing and research. According to the results, 11.2% of the analyzed journals do not include mentions of any ethical topic and the presence of the various subjects studied differs among the rest. The most frequent are criteria for determining plagiarism (63.01%) and duplicate publication (67.12%). Ethical responsibilities of reviewers (7.76%) and sanctions for misconduct (3.20%) have a low presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The toy industry in Spain suffers from a marked seasonality as a result of the concentration of the sales in Christmas. Social networks sites allow brands to interact with customers throughout the year and to reinforce their relationship during its key sales period. This paper presents the first study of the campaign carried out by the toy sector on Facebook. We have codified all the messages posted by six major toy brands on their profiles for three months (November, December and January). We addressed the objective of messages, the use of multimedia resources and the interaction between brands and users. It is concluded that the strategies of the brands are different from what they do in offline media. Hence, they get better user participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research was to analyse the advertising of food broadcast by the two Spanish private thematic channels aimed at children with more audience in Spain (Neox and Boing). A content analysis was made in order to study the commercials showed during the hours of children's enhanced protection established by the normative of this country. The paper presents the increasing concern about kids' obesity and the role of food industry. Healthy lifestyles are promoted through messages printed in the ads that children see on television. Nevertheless, a varied diet and regular exercise is pushed into the background as a result of the strong commercial strategy of this sector's brands. The pitch is the bonus that the consumer receives with the product instead of the nutritive characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radio networks have been forced to adapt their work processes to the so called Digital Society, which is changing the relationship between mass media and their listeners. One of the consequences of these changes is that users want to feel increasingly participant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree of adaptation of the main Spanish specialized radio networks to Web 2.0. The methodology we use consists of thirty-two indicators, organized around seven parameters that try to evaluate the quality of their websites and their use of interactive tools. The results show that there is a relationship between audience ratings and the quality of the websites [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the presence of the main Spanish radio networks (Cadena Ser, Onda Cero and Cope) in Facebook. Therefore we made a quantitative analysis of the messages they publish on Facebook. We try to study what kind of contents these radio networks publish through this channel. We also want to find out if Facebook has really contributed to create a more active communication between radio networks and their listeners. Therefore, one of our main objectives is to identify which are the different strategies these networks use in Facebook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main external causes of death in Spain since 2011 have been, in this order, suicides, accidental falls, drowning and traffic accidents. In this research, a study is carried out on the perception of the informative treatment of traffic accidents and suicides published in the media in general. To do this, in-depth interviews have been conducted with media professionals and a heterogeneous discussion group has been prepared. The results indicate that, in the opinion of journalists and citizens, there is pending pedagogical work on the part of the media, since sensationalism must be avoided, and a more professional and ethical treatment of information must be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The late incorporation of Spain into the international circuit for the publication of results of scientific research in Communication has not proved to be an obstacle to reaching a level similar to international research in this discipline recently. However, this development is still subject to some obstacles. In this study, we carried out co-word and cocitation analyses of the intellectual and thematic structure of articles published by researchers affiliated with Spanish centers in journals indexed in the Communication category in Scopus and published between 1980 and 2020 (n = 7,422). This enables an analysis of the intellectual and thematic structure of Communication studies between 1980 and 2020 and its evolution. The aim is to contextualize this process, in a broad sense, thus establishing the similarities to and differences from European (n = 33,615) and Latin American (n = 5,160) Communication research during the same period. The results reveal a homogenization of the research interests between Spanish academics and their European counterparts during the last decade, with an emphasis on digital technologies and social networks. The first prominent studies in Spanish research have also appeared, albeit not yet becoming established as such on the international stage during the last decade. It is concluded that Spanish Communication research has developed around Journalism while the other classic disciplines (Audiovisual Communication, and Advertising and Public Relations) have not managed to consolidate a coherent and cohesive thematic and intellectual community to date, mainly due to their greater heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the social structure of Spanish and Latin American communication researchers through the representation and analysis of three coauthorship networks at the national, institutional, and individual level. Such networks are built from papers indexed in the 'Communication' category by Web of Science and published between 2000 and 2019 by authors attached to a Spanish or Latin American institution (n = 5,040). The goal is to characterize the structural features of each network, identify the most central actors, and illustrate the most relevant relationships among nodes. The results show that the most central country is Spain, followed by the USA and other European nations. Among the Latin American states, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico are placed at the most relevant nodes. Latin American collaboration is preferentially addressed to the USA, especially since 2015. Regarding institutions, Spanish public universities in Madrid and Catalonia achieve the highest degrees of centrality. However, the most central Latin American institutions are private universities. The most relevant authors are Spanish researchers until 2015, when they are replaced at the top by Latin American scholars. Collaboration at both the individual and institutional levels shows a deep regional tendency, while the internationalization of researchers and universities is only more visible since 2015. This work identifies a tendency towards internal cohesion at different network levels as the number of connected nodes grows in each period. We conclude that a proper Spanish-Latin America community of communication researchers does not exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the opinions of citizens on the core values of the so-called Media accountability: truthfulness, independence, transparency, public participation and respect for peoples' rights. It also analyses citizens' perceptions of various deontological instruments to measure the effectiveness of compliance with these ethical values. The qualitative methodology used to carry out this analysis is part of the R+D+I research project "Accountability and Journalistic Cultures project in Spain. Impact and proposal of good practices in the Spanish media" (MediaACES), which has been achieved through six focus groups in different Spanish cities. The results of the analysis reflect the critical spirit of citizens towards the media due to the following factors: the absence of objectivity, the mixture of economic interests with their editorial line and an ambiguous participation of the public, which requires a better definition of their role within the information process. The conclusions derived from this analysis allow us to reflect on several aspects: among others, the competition in a deregulated market leads to infotainment and affects the quality of information, as well as the rights of people affected by the news. At the same time, the excess of information channels leads to greater disinformation, under the appearance of a spontaneous pluralism that is superfluous. Ethics, therefore, seems to be a necessary requirement to differentiate professional journalism from other inappropriate information channels and to guarantee the right to information of citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]