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123,556 results on '"Décomposition"'

27. Days of Work over a Half Century: The Rise of the Four-Day Workweek.

Author

Hamermesh, Daniel S. and Biddle, Jeff E.

Subjects
WORKING hours, LABOR supply, MEDICAL personnel, WORKWEEK, RESTAURANT personnel
Abstract

The authors examine work patterns in the United States from 1973 to 2018, with the novel focus on days per week, using intermittent CPS samples and one ATUS sample. Among full-time workers, the incidence of four-day workweeks tripled, adding 7 million four-day workers. Similar growth occurred in the Netherlands, Germany, and South Korea. The rise was not due to changes in demographics or industrial structure. Such schedules are more common among those who are 1) less educated, 2) younger, 3) white non-Hispanic, 4) men, 5) natives, 6) people with young children, 7) non-unionized, 8) police and firefighters, 9) health care workers, and 10) restaurant workers. Based on an equilibrium model, the authors show that the increase in four-day workweeks results more from workers' preferences and/or their daily fixed costs of working than production costs. The wage penalty for a four-day workweek is greater when such work is more prevalent, and the penalty has diminished over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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46. On solving the cross-dock door assignment problem.

Author

Escudero, Laureano F., Garín, M. Araceli, and Unzueta, Aitziber

Subjects
CROSS-docking (Logistics), ASSIGNMENT problems (Programming), INTEGER programming, HEURISTIC, HEURISTIC algorithms
Abstract

A class of strong lower bounds on the solution value of a Linearised Integer Programming reformulation is introduced for the binary quadratic optimisation model to assign origin and destination nodes to strip and stack doors, resp., in a cross-dock infrastructure. The goal is to minimise the transportation cost of the commodities to be handled at the cross-dock. Strip- and stack-related decomposition submodels are developed by taking benefit of the Integer Linearisation Property that appears in the new model. A linear search heuristic is also provided for obtaining feasible solutions by exploiting the special structure of the problem. We present an extensive computational study on a testbed of 55 instances to show that the proposed joint scheme for lower bounding and feasible solution providing is very efficient. The results obtained by our proposal are similar to those obtained by CPLEX in the 50 instances taken from the literature, but usually the time is much smaller for the large instances. The comparison with CPLEX is particularly good for the new five largest instances, which make it very promising for its application in real-life cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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47. Motor Unit Firing Properties During Force Control Task and Associations With Neurological Tests in Children.

Author

Okudaira, Masamichi, Takeda, Ryosuke, Hirono, Tetsuya, Nishikawa, Taichi, Kunugi, Shun, and Watanabe, Kohei

Subjects
MOTOR unit, AGE distribution, MULTIPLE regression analysis, TASK performance, NEURAL development, QUADRICEPS muscle, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ELECTROMYOGRAPHY, BIOMECHANICS, REACTION time, NEUROLOGIC examination, MOTOR ability, CHILDREN
Abstract

The present study aimed to clarify the development of motor unit (MU) firing properties and the association between those neural properties and force steadiness (FS)/neurological tests in 6- to 12-year-old children. Fifty-eight school-aged children performed maximal voluntary knee extension contraction, a submaximal FS test at 10% of maximal voluntary knee extension contraction, knee extension reaction time to light stimulus test, and single-leg standing test, and data from 38 children who passed the criteria were subject to analysis. During the FS test, high-density surface electromyography was recorded from the vastus lateralis muscle to identify individual MU firing activity. FS was improved with an increase in age (r = −.540, P <.001). The MU firing rate (MUFR) was significantly decreased with an increase in age (r = −.343, P =.035). MUFR variability was not associated with age. Although there was no significant correlation between FS and MUFR, FS was significantly correlated with MUFR variability even after adjustment for the effect of age (r =.551, P =.002). Neither the reaction time nor the single-leg standing test was correlated with any MU firing properties. These findings suggest that MUFR variability makes an important contribution to precise force control in children but does not naturally develop with age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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