Search

Aerosol particles from forest fire events in the Amazon can be effectively transported to urban areas in southeastern South America, thus affecting the air quality over those regions. A combination of observational data and a comprehensive air quality modeling system capable of anticipating acute air pollution episodes is therefore required. A new predictive framework for Amazon forest fire smoke dispersion over South America has been developed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry community (WRF-Chem) model. Two experiments of 48-h simulations over South America were performed by using this system at 20-km horizontal resolution, on a daily basis, during August and September of 2018 and 2019. The experiment in 2019 included the very strong 3-week forest fire event, when the São Paulo metropolitan area, located in southeastern South America, was plunged into darkness on August 19. The model results were satisfactorily compared against satellite-based data products and in situ measurements collected from air quality monitoring sites. The system is executed daily immediately after the CPTEC Satellite Division releases the latest active fire locations data and provides 48-h forecasts of regional distributions of chemical species such as CO, PM2.5, and O3. The new modeling system will be used as a benchmark within the framework of the Chemistry of the Atmosphere–Field Experiment in Brazil (CAFE-Brazil) project, which will take place in 2022 over the Amazon.

From May 21st to 31st, 2018, a truck driver strike greatly decreased all vehicle activity in Brazil. We evaluated the concentrations of criteria pollutants in seven different microenvironments during this period in the Sao Paulo Megacity. Results were evaluated by violin plots, the Kruskal-Wallis test and diurnal cycles, comparing the year 2018 to an average of 4 previous years. Primary pollutants (CO and NO) decreased by 50% in 2018, predominantly in roadside (RDS) locations. NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 did not decrease as much, suggesting the relevance of secondary reactions and other sources (ex: fires). Ozone increased significantly (about 30–50%), possibly due to favourable atmospheric conditions (solar radiation) and changes in the NOx/VOCs ratio caused by the decrease in NO. Our findings help to better assess the role of vehicular emissions and provide insights on the impacts of interruption of activities (ex: during lockdowns) over air quality in metropolitan environments.

The focus of this study was to measure the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) concentrations in the megacity – São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). The measurements analyzed in this study included 78 hydrocarbon (HC) samples collected during 2006, and 66 samples of HC, 62 of aldehydes and 42 of ethanol collected during 2011-2012. The observational results showed that the consumption of ethanol, gasoline and diesel from 2006 to 2012 increased by 64 %, 23 % and 25 %, respectively, with substantial changes in the atmospheric composition. The 10 most abundant VOCs in the atmosphere found during 2011/2012 at CETESB IPEN/USP air quality monitoring station were ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetone, propane, ethene, ethane, butane, 1-ethyl-4-methyl benzene, and 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene. During the 2006 campaign, alkanes represented 54.8 % of the total HC concentration, alkenes 29.2 %, aromatics 13.6 %, and alkadienes 2.4 %. On the other hand, during the 2011-2012 campaign, aldehydes represented 35.3 % of the VOCs, ethanol 22.6 %, aromatics 15.5 %, alkanes 13.5 %, acetone 6.8 %, alkenes 6.0 %, and alkadienes with less than 0.1 %. An increase in VOCs concentrations in the SPMA atmosphere from 2006 to 2012, such as aldehydes and aromatics (which are important ozone precursors) was measured.

Biomass burning episodes are quite common in the central region of South America and represent the dominant aerosol sources during the dry/burning, between August and October. Large amounts of trace gases and aerosols injected into the atmosphere from these fire events can then be efficiently transported to urban areas in southeastern South America, thus affecting air quality over those areas. Observational data have been of fundamental importance to understand the evolution and interaction of biomass burning products with meteorology and chemistry. However, supplementing this information with the use of a comprehensive air quality modeling system in order to anticipate very acute air pollution episodes, and thus avoiding severe impacts on human health, is also required. Considering this, a new regional air pollution modeling framework for South America is being implemented by the Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), the National Weather Service of Brazil. This new system, based on the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry model (WRF-Chem; Grell et al., 2005), is being run experimentally and its operational implementation is underway. The forecasts were driven by global forecast data from the GFS-FV3 model for meteorology and from the WACCM model for chemistry, both data sets provided every 6 hours. WACCM forecasts are employed to map gas and aerosol background concentrations to the WRF-Chem initial and boundary conditions, according to the MOZCART chemical mechanism. Two experiments of 48-hour real-time forecast simulations were performed, on a daily basis, during August and September of 2018 and 2019. The experiment for 2019 includes the very strong 3-week forest fire event when the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, the largest metropolitan area in South America, plunged into darkness on August 19, with day turning into night. Model results are in good domain-wide agreement with satellite data and also with in situ measurements. Besides forecasts of meteorological parameters, this new system provides forecasts of regional distributions of primary chemical species (CO, SO2, NOx, particulate matter including black carbon), of secondary species (ozone, secondary organic aerosols) and air pollution related health indices, all parameters with a resolution of 20 km and for the next 72 hours.

A circulacao de brisa maritima e continental tem importância expressiva na Regiao Metropolitana de Sao Paulo (RMSP), influenciando a direcao predominante do vento na escala diurna e podendo ocasionar transporte de poluentes. No verao de 2014, o ozonio ultrapassou os Padroes de Qualidade do Ar da CETESB durante 43 dias, quando a Alta Subtropical do Atlântico Sul se fortaleceu sobre a regiao Sudeste do Brasil. Buscou-se compreender como a brisa maritima e continental influenciaram o transporte dos poluentes CO, NO, NO2 e O3 na area de estudo, utilizando o modelo WRF/Chem, no periodo 28/01-01/02/2014. Foram construidos dois cenarios: CTRL – emissoes veiculares baseadas em inventarios atuais de emissao de poluentes, e SENS – retirada de cerca de 75% das emissoes na RMSP. A analise dos resultados, por meio de mapas com a distribuicao espacial dos poluentes no dominio, demonstrou a importância da circulacao de brisa para o transporte de poluicao. A analise do campo de divergencia mostrou-se util para a identificacao das frentes de brisa. Concentracoes de O3 mais altas foram simuladas na regiao pre-frontal devido a estagnacao e acumulo de poluentes trazidos das areas mais poluidas por onde a frente de brisa passou, ocasionando o transporte de ozonio para areas distantes a noroeste durante a tarde. Ocorre tambem transporte de poluentes para sul durante o inicio da manha com a brisa continental. O movimento ascendente do ar na regiao pre-frontal ocasionado pela convergencia propicia o transporte vertical de ozonio durante a tarde.

This study finds out seasonal and monthly variations in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over eastern and western routes of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the relationship between AOD and meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature, rainfall and wind speed). The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) data was used from the terra satellite for the period of 2000-2016. This study aims to overtake the conventional view of the purpose of using the satellite datasets. This study takes on to the concept that validated satellite data sets rather should be used for the analysis instead of just validation specifically for our study region. Hence, after comparing MODIS AOD with MISR AOD, only MISR AOD dataset is used for further analysis. The results show a decreasing trend of AOD in summer season, a positive relationship between temperature and AOD during winter and spring seasons whereas a positive relationship between wind speed and AOD in winter and spring seasons over eastern and western routes. Periodic analysis of MODIS AOD and MISR AOD depicts May-Aug as the peak period of aerosol concentration over central Pakistan. The inter-annual analysis shows the aerosol trend remained higher during summer season however rainfall shows the washout effect. Eastern route has higher standard deviation and larger values for aerosol prevalence as compared to western route. The trajectory analysis using the HYSPLIT model suggests the bias of air mass trajectory caused deviation in the aerosol trend in the year 2014.

High ozone (O3) concentrations are a major concern about air quality in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). During 2016, the 8-hour state standard of 140 µg m–3 was exceeded on 32 days, whereas the 1-hour national standard of 160 µg m–3 was exceeded on 76 days. Exposure to such unhealthy O3 levels and other pollutants can lead to respiratory disease. The focus of this study is to determine the main O3 precursor in terms of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in order to provide a scientific basis for controlling this pollutant. In this work, 66 samples of hydrocarbons, 62 of aldehydes and 42 of ethanol were taken during the period from September 2011 to August 2012 from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. The OZIPR trajectory model and SAPRC atmospheric chemical mechanism were used to determine the major O3 precursors. During the studied period, aldehydes represented 35.3% of the VOCs, followed by ethanol (22.6%), aromatic compounds (15.7%), alkanes (13.5%), ketones (6.8%), alkenes (6.0%) and alkadienes (less than 0.1%). Considering the concentration of VOCs and their typical reactivity, the simulation results showed that acetaldehyde contributed 61.2% of the O3 formation. The total aldehydes contributed 74%, followed by aromatics (14.5%), alkenes (10.2%), alkanes (1.3%) and alkadienes (e.g., isoprene; 0.03%). Simulation results for the SPMA showed that the most effective alternative for limiting the O3 levels was reducing the VOC emissions, mainly the aldehydes.

The accurate representation of the impacts of natural and anthropogenic aerosols in the climate system presents a challenge in General Circulation Models. This paper analyzes the performance of the aerosol component of two Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCM): the Europe Centre Hamburg Model - Hamburg Aerosol Model (ECHAM-HAM), and the Community Atmosphere Model - Modal Aerosol Model (CAM5-MAM3) and their comparison with aerosol observations. We analyzed the spatial distribution of aerosols over Brazil represented in terms of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) simulated by these models. The model results are compared to measurements from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) ground station, and satellite observations provided by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). While both the models provide AODs at 550 nm, only HAM provides the Angstrom exponent that is compared with AERONET measurements. The comparison between the model simulations and the satellite observations of AOD show that the models can reproduce the spatial and temporal distributions, however models underestimate AOD for the four cities and for almost every South American continent during all seasons. During the dry season, characterized by intense biomass burning, CAM5-MAM3 shows inconsistent, but comparatively better results that ECHAM-HAM, with negative biases over Northern and Northeastern regions of Brazil. The Angstrom parameter is reasonably reproduced by ECHAM-HAM, except for Cuiaba, indicating that the particle size distribution is correctly represented in most cities.

This article describes the main features of the Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model (BAM), analyses of its performance for tropical rainfall forecasting, and its sensitivity to convective scheme and horizontal resolution. BAM is the new global atmospheric model of the Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Research [Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (CPTEC)], which includes a new dynamical core and state-of-the-art parameterization schemes. BAM’s dynamical core incorporates a monotonic two-time-level semi-Lagrangian scheme, which is carried out completely on the model grid for the tridimensional transport of moisture, microphysical prognostic variables, and tracers. The performance of the quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) from two convective schemes, the Grell–Dévényi (GD) scheme and its modified version (GDM), and two different horizontal resolutions are evaluated against the daily TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis over different tropical regions. Three main results are 1) the QPF skill was improved substantially with GDM in comparison to GD; 2) the increase in the horizontal resolution without any ad hoc tuning improves the variance of precipitation over continents with complex orography, such as Africa and South America, whereas over oceans there are no significant differences; and 3) the systematic errors (dry or wet biases) remain virtually unchanged for 5-day forecasts. Despite improvements in the tropical precipitation forecasts, especially over southeastern Brazil, dry biases over the Amazon and La Plata remain in BAM. Improving the precipitation forecasts over these regions remains a challenge for the future development of the model to be used not only for numerical weather prediction over South America but also for global climate simulations.

High-ozone concentrations currently represent the main air pollution problem in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. To elucidate the main volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which act as ozone precursors, samples from air quality monitoring stations were evaluated. Thirty-five samples were collected in August–September of 2006 and 43 in July–August of 2008, when the consumption of ethanol was about 50 % of the total fuel used in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area. Samples were collected using electropolished stainless canisters. Chemical analyses were performed on pre-concentrated samples followed by gas chromatograph with flame ionization and mass spectrometry detection. The incremental reactivity scale was used to rank the ozone precursors using the Ozone Isopleth Package for Research (OZIPR) trajectory model coupled with chemical mechanism Statewide Air Pollution Research Center (SAPRC). Sixty-nine species of VOCs were quantified, and the ten main ozone precursors identified in 2008 were as follows: formaldehyde (42.8 %), acetaldehyde (13.9 %), ethene (12.2 %), propene (5.1 %), 1-methylcyclopentene (3.0 %), p-xylene (2.4 %), 1-butene (2.1 %), trans-2-pentene (1.9 %), 2-methyl 2-butene (1.7 %) and trans-2-butene (1.6 %). Volatile organic compound mass distribution showed that in 2008 alkanes represented 46 % of the total VOCs, alkenes 27 %, aromatics 14 %, alkadienes 1 % and aldehydes 12 %.

A poluição do ar é influenciada por fatores naturais e antropogênicos. Quatro pontos de monitoramento (veicular, comercial, residencial e background urbano (BGU))da poluição do ar em São Paulo foram avaliados durante 16 anos, revelando diferenças significativas devidoao uso do solo em todas as escalas temporais. Na escala diurna, as concentrações de poluentes primários são duas vezes mais altas nos pontos veicular e residencial do que no ponto BGU, onde a concentração de ozonio (O3) é 50% mais alta. Na escala sazonal, as concentrações de monóxido de carbono(CO) variaram em 80% devido ao uso do solo, e 55% pela sazonalidade.As variações sazonais ede uso do solo exercem impactos similares nas concentrações de O3 e monóxido de nitrogênio (NO). Para o material particulado grosso (MP10) e o dióxido de nitrogênio(NO2), as variações sazonais são mais intensas do que as por uso do solo. Na série temporal de 16 anos, o ponto BGU apresentou correlações mais fortes e significativas entre a média mensal de ondas longas (ROL) e o O3 (0,48) e o MP10 (0,37), comparadas ao ponto veicular (0,33 e 0,22, respectivamente). Estes resultados confirmam que o uso do solo urbano tem um papel significativo na concentração de poluentes em todas as escalas de análise, embora a sua influência se torne menos pronunciada em escalas maiores, conforme a qualidade do ar transita de um sistema antropogênico para um sistema natural. Isto poderá auxiliar decisões sobre políticas públicas em megacidades envolvendo a modificação do uso do solo.

The precipitation estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (named TMPA and TMPA-RT for the near real-time version) are widely used both in research and in operational forecasting. However, they will be discontinued soon. The products from the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) and The Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) are analyzed as potential replacements for TMPA products. The objective of this study is to assess whether the IMERG and/or GSMaP products can properly replace TMPA in several regions with different precipitation regimes within Brazil. The validation study was conducted during the period from 1st of April, 2014 to the 28th of February, 2017 (1065 days), using daily accumulated rain gauge stations over Brazil. Six regions were considered for this study: five according to the precipitation regime, plus another one for the entire Brazilian territory. IMERG-Final, TMPA-V7 and GSMaP-Gauges were the selected versions of those algorithms for this validation study, which include a bias adjustment with monthly (IMERG and TMPA) and daily (GSMaP) gauge accumulations, because they are widely used in the user’s community. Results indicate similar behavior for IMERG and TMPA products, showing that they overestimate precipitation, while GSMaP tend to slightly underestimate the amount of rainfall in most of the analyzed regions. The exception is the northeastern coast of Brazil, where all products underestimate the daily rainfall accumulations. For all analyzed regions, GSMaP and IMERG products present a better performance compared to TMPA products; therefore, they could be suitable replacements for the TMPA. This is particularly important for hydrological forecasting in small river basins, since those products present a finer spatial and temporal resolution compared with TMPA.

Pakistan has experienced severe floods over the past decades due to climate variability. Among all the floods, the flood of 2010 was the worst in history. This study focuses on the assessment of (1) riverine flooding in the district Jhang (where Jhelum and Chenab rivers join, and the district was severely flood affected) and (2) south Asiatic summer monsoon rainfall patterns and anomalies considering the case of 2010 flood in Pakistan. The land use/cover change has been analyzed by using Landsat TM 30 m resolution satellite imageries for supervised classification, and three instances have been compared, i.e., pre-flooding, flooding, and post-flooding. The water flow accumulation, drainage density and pattern, and river catchment areas have been calculated by using Shutter Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model 90 m resolution. The standard deviation of south Asiatic summer monsoon rainfall patterns, anomalies and normal (1979–2008) has been calculated for July, August, and September by using rainfall data set of Era interim (0.75° × 0.75° resolution). El Nino Southern Oscillation has also been considered for its role in prevailing rainfall anomalies during the year 2010 over Upper Indus Basin region. Results show the considerable changing of land cover during the three instances in the Jhang district and water content in the rivers. Abnormal rainfall patterns over Upper Indus Basin region prevailed during summer monsoon months in the year 2010 and 2011. The El Nino (2009–2010) and its rapid phase transition to La Nina (2011–2012) may be the cause of severity and disturbances in rainfall patterns during the year 2010. The Geographical Information System techniques and model based simulated climate data sets have been used in this study which can be helpful in developing a monitoring tool for flood management.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:47:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 Air pollution is an important public health issue. High levels of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere are hazardous to human health. Studies regarding the concentration of this and other gases in the atmosphere allow political actions to manage and reduce the emission of pollutants. In this context, this paper studied the annual, seasonal, weekly and daily variations of carbon monoxide (CO) concentration for the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP).We studied three sites in the MRSP, two of them are located in areas under the influence of heavy vehicle traffic (Osasco and Congonhas) and the third one in a city park (Ibirapuera Park). The results showed high influence of gasoline vehicles on CO emission. In the annual scale, CO concentration decreased due to improvements in emission technology, despite the increasing number of vehicles. CO emission showed a seasonal, weekly and diurnal cycle associated to meteorological conditions and emission patterns. The highest values of mean concentration were observed in June/July for Osasco (2.20 ppm), Congonhas (2.04 ppm) and Ibirapuera (1.04 ppm), during the morning, due to weak dispersion of the polluting gases and higher emission from the rush hours. Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC) National Institute for Space Research (INPE) School of Chemical Engineering (FEQ) State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Department of Geography University of Sao Paulo (USP) Research Group on Environment and Sustainability (GPMAS) University of São Francisco (USF) São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences

The increase in the number of motorcycles in large Brazilian cities is due to several factors such as traffic, low cost, mobility, few parking lots and the low efficiency of public transportation, becoming an important factor in air quality deterioration. In this context, vehicle emissions monitoring is essential to understand the contribution to air pollution as a whole. In this scenario, the emissions were sampled on a motorcycle dynamometer test bench and analyzed by gas chromatography and on-line analyzers according to the EC/97/24 standard (European Commission). Emissions from motorcycles using commercial gasoline (with 22% of ethanol) were used in combination with meteorological data and ambient air pollutants for Rio de Janeiro City (Brazil) during the Winter of 2011, using the trajectory model OZIPR (Ozone Isopleth Package for Research) and the chemical model SAPRC99 (State-wide Air Pollution Research Centre) to assess the impact on the ozone formation in the troposphere of Rio de Janeiro for the next several years. The results indicate that ozone levels will exceed the established limits by national legislation within three years. The study also showed that pollutant emission rates stay in agreement with emissions recommended by the Brazilian legislation for all phases. The increase in ozone concentration occurs due to high emissions of reactive volatile organic compounds in an atmosphere with high levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Given this scenario, additional measures are necessary to manage emissions from mobile sources in the future. O aumento do número de motocicletas nas grandes cidades brasileiras é decorrência de uma série de fatores, como o congestionamento, o baixo custo, mobilidade, poucos estacionamentos e transporte público deficiente, tornando-se um importante fator na deterioração da qualidade do ar. Neste contexto, o monitoramento das emissões veiculares é essencial para o entendimento da contribuição na poluição atmosférica. Neste cenário, foram amostradas as emissões de motocicletas em um ensaio dinamométrico e analisadas por cromatografia gasosa e analisadores automáticos de acordo com a Norma EC/97/24 (European Commission). As emissões das motocicletas usando gasolina comercial (com 22% de etanol) foram usadas em combinação com dados meteorológicos e poluentes em ar ambiente para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil) no período do inverno de 2011, empregando o modelo de trajetórias OZIPR (Ozone Isopleth Package for Research) e o modelo químico SAPRC99 (State-wide Air Pollution Research Centre) para avaliar o impacto na formação do ozônio na troposfera da cidade do Rio de Janeiro para os próximos anos. Os resultados indicam que os níveis de ozônio irão ultrapassar os limites estabelecidos pela legislação nacional dentro de três anos. O estudo também demonstrou que as taxas de emissão dos poluentes legislados atendem os níveis recomendados pela legislação brasileira para todas as fases propostas. O incremento nas concentrações de ozônio ocorre em função das elevadas emissões de compostos orgânicos voláteis reativos em uma atmosfera já com níveis elevados de óxidos de nitrogênio (NOx). Diante deste cenário, medidas adicionais são necessárias para o gerenciamento das emissões das fontes móveis.

O ozônio é o principal problema de poluição do ar na cidade de São Paulo. Este estudo, que foi realizado em uma estação de monitoramento da qualidade do ar da Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB), enfoca a elucidação dos principais compostos orgânicos voláteis precursores de ozônio na atmosfera paulistana. Foram coletadas 36 amostras nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2006, nos quais o consumo de etanol era de aproximadamente 50% nesta época. Foram quantificadas 69 espécies de compostos orgânicos voláteis, nos quais os dez compostos mais importantes na formação de O3 foram: 1-buteno (6,8%), eteno (6,5%), formaldeído (6,1%), acetaldeído (5,5%), tolueno (4,8%), 1-etil-4-metilbenzeno (3,7%), trans-2-penteno (3,7%), propeno (3,7%), trans-2-buteno (3,5%) e 1-metilciclopenteno (3,5%). As classes mais abundantes em concentração no ar foram: alcanos (45%), alcenos (26%), aromáticos (14%), aldeídos (13%) e alcadienos (2%).Ozone is the main problem of air pollution in the city of São Paulo. This study, which was carried out in the Brazilian Basic Sanitation Engineering Company (CETESB, acronym in Portuguese) monitoring station of air quality, focused on the elucidation of the main volatile organic compounds ozone precursors in São Paulo atmosphere. Thirty-six samples were collected in August and September 2006, when the consumption of ethanol was about 50%, 69 species of volatile organic compounds were quantified, the ten major urban pollutants compounds in the formation of O3 were: 1-butene (6.8%), ethylene (6.5%), formaldehyde (6.1%), acetaldehyde (5.5%), toluene (4.8%), 1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene (3.7%), trans-2-pentene (3.7%), propylene (3.7%), trans-2-butene (3.5%), and 1-methylcyclopentene (3.5%). The most abundant classes of air concentration were: alkanes (45%), alkenes (26%), aromatics (14%), aldehydes (13%), and alkadyenes (2%).

Ozone represents the main atmospheric pollutant in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). In this region, its concentration exceeds the national air quality standards for several days out of the year. Ozone is a secondary pollutant and is a product of VOCs, NOx, and sunlight. Thus, it is very difficult to elaborate efficient strategies for its reduction. Computational simulations may provide an interesting alternative to evaluate the many factors that affect ozone formation. In this study, the trajectory model OZIPR was used together with the SAPRC chemical mechanism to determine the incremental reactivity scale for VOCs in the SPMA. VOC input data were obtained from two campaigns that were performed in the studied area in 2006. Values for CO, NOx, and meteorological parameters were obtained by automatic monitors. Five base-cases were created to verify the variation in maximum ozone concentration and thus determine the ozone formation potential of each VOC. NOx and VOC emissions were independently and simultaneously reduced by 5, 10, 20, and 30% to verify variations in ozone formation. With the simulator output data, ozone isopleths charts were generated for the city of Sao Paulo. Analysis of the obtained results shows that the most frequent compounds found among the ten main ozone precursors in Sao Paulo, using the reactivity scales created from the five base-cases, were: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propene, isoprene, cis-2-butene, and trans-2-butene, with formaldehyde being always the main ozone precursor compound. The simulations also show that an efficient strategy to decrease ozone concentrations in the SPMA would be to reduce total VOC emissions. The same strategy is not possible for NOx, as the reduction of these pollutants would increase ozone concentrations.

The main air quality problems registered in the in the city of Sao Paulo are caused by ozone (O 3 ) concentrations. This study, which was carried out in the Brazilian Basic Sanitation Engineering Company (CETESB) monitoring station of air quality located in the University of Sao Paulo - USP, focused on the elucidation of the main volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ozone precursors in Sao Paulo atmosphere between January to December 2006. Seventy-eight samples of air were collected during the study period, which the ten most important compounds in the formation of O3 were but-1-ene (12%), propene (10%), ethylene (8%), p-xylene (7% ) buta-1,3-diene (6%), 1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene (4%), isoprene (4%), trans-but-2-ene (4%), 2-methyl-but-2-ene (4%) and cis-but-2-ene (3%). The most abundant classes concentration in the air were alkanes (45%), alkenes (26%), and aromatics (14%), aldehydes (13%) and alkadienes 2%.

The increased number of motorcycles in the large Brazilian cities is due to several factors such as traffic, low cost, mobility, few parking lots and low efficiency of public transportation, making it an important factor in air quality deterioration. In this context, vehicle emissions monitoring is essential to understanding the contribution on air pollution. Emissions of two representative motorcycles using gasohol (gasoline with 22% of ethanol) were evaluated on a dynamometer test bench and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and on-line analyzers according to the EC/97/24 standard. Emission data obtained in combination with meteorological data and ambient air pollutants for the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) during the winter of 2011, using the trajectory model OZIPR and chemical model SAPRC to assess the impact on the ozone forming potential in the troposphere of Rio de Janeiro city for the next years. The results indicate that ozone levels will exceed the established limits by national legislation within three years. The increase in ozone concentration occurs due to high emissions of reactive volatile organic compounds in an atmosphere with high levels of nitrogen oxides. Given this scenario, additional measures are necessary for the management of emissions from mobile sources.

O ozônio (O3) é um dos poluentes que representa grande preocupação em termos de qualidade do ar na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). No ano de 2012 foram observados 98 dias de ultrapassagens do padrão horário da qualidade do ar para este poluente na RMSP. A exposição aos poluentes atmosféricos como O3 e outros está associada ao prejuízo da saúde respiratória. O enfoque deste estudo é determinar os principais Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis (COV) precursores de O3 para auxiliar no controle deste poluente. Neste trabalho foram realizadas 78 amostragens durante a semana de hidrocarbonetos no ano de 2006 e 66 amostragens de hidrocarbonetos, 62 de aldeídos e 42 de etanol durante o ano de 2011/2012, 7:00 h às 9:00 h, na estação CETESB IPEN/USP. Medidas de COV também foram realizadas no ano de 2006 e 2008, na Estação CETESB Cerqueira César. Adicionalmente, foram efetuados testes de emissões veiculares durante o ano de 2009 de 5 veículos a diesel, 3 a etanol, 2 a gasolina C e 1 motocicleta. O modelo de trajetórias OZIPR foi utilizado para determinar os principais precursores de O3. Durante o ano de 2011/2012, na Estação CETESB IPEN/USP, a classe de aldeídos representou 35,3% dos COV analisados em concentração na atmosfera, seguido pelo etanol 22,6%, compostos aromáticos 15,7%, alcanos 13,5%, cetonas 6,8%, alcenos 6,0% e alcadienos < 0,1%. Considerando a concentração dos compostos e sua reatividade, as simulações executadas com o modelo OZIPR mostraram que o acetaldeído contribuiu com 61,2% da formação do O3 na atmosfera da RMSP no ano de 2011/2012. Dos COV analisados, a classe dos aldeídos contribui com 74% da produção de O3, aromáticos 14,5%, alcenos 10,2%, alcanos 1,3% e alcadienos (isopreno) 0,03%. O estudo de emissão veicular mostrou que 39% dos aldeídos foram provenientes de veículos a etanol, 28% a diesel, 26% a gasolina C e 7% de motocicletas. As emissões dos COV por veículos a gasolina contribuíram com 44% da formação de O3, a diesel 22%, a etanol 19% e motocicletas 15%. Ozone (O3) is a pollutant that represents great concern in terms of air quality in the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP). In 2012 were observed 98 days of exceedances of the standard time air quality for this pollutant in the MASP. Exposure to air pollutants such as O3 and others is associated with the injury of respiratory health. The focus of this study is to determine the main Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) precursors of O3 to auxiliary in control this pollutant. In this work were made 78 samples during the week of hydrocarbons in 2006 and 66 samples of hydrocarbons, 62 of aldehydes and 42 of ethanol during the year 2011/2012, 7:00 am to 9:00 am, at the CETESB IPEN/USP station. Measurements of VOCs also were realized in 2006 and 2008, in the CETESB Cerqueira Cesar station. Additionally, were performed tests vehicle emissions during the year 2009 of 5 diesel vehicles, 3 ethanol, 2 gasool and 1 motorcycle. The OZIPR trajectory model was used to determine the main O3 precursors. During the year 2011/2012, in the CETESB IPEN/USP station the class of aldehydes represented 35.3% of VOCs analyzed in concentration in the atmosphere, followed by ethanol 22.6%, aromatics 15.7%, alkanes 13.5%, ketones 6.8%, alkenes 6.0% and alkadienes

O ozônio é o principal problema de poluição do ar na cidade de São Paulo. Este estudo, que foi realizado em uma estação de monitoramento da qualidade do ar da Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB), enfoca a elucidação dos principais compostos orgânicos voláteis precursores de ozônio na atmosfera paulistana. Foram coletadas 36 amostras nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2006, nos quais o consumo de etanol era de aproximadamente 50% nesta época. Foram quantificadas 69 espécies de compostos orgânicos voláteis, nos quais os dez compostos mais importantes na formação de O3 foram: 1-buteno (6,8%), eteno (6,5%), formaldeído (6,1%), acetaldeído (5,5%), tolueno (4,8%), 1-etil-4-metilbenzeno (3,7%), trans-2-penteno (3,7%), propeno (3,7%), trans-2-buteno (3,5%) e 1-metilciclopenteno (3,5%). As classes mais abundantes em concentração no ar foram: alcanos (45%), alcenos (26%), aromáticos (14%), aldeídos (13%) e alcadienos (2%). Ozone is the main problem of air pollution in the city of São Paulo. This study, which was carried out in the Brazilian Basic Sanitation Engineering Company (CETESB, acronym in Portuguese) monitoring station of air quality, focused on the elucidation of the main volatile organic compounds ozone precursors in São Paulo atmosphere. Thirty-six samples were collected in August and September 2006, when the consumption of ethanol was about 50%, 69 species of volatile organic compounds were quantified, the ten major urban pollutants compounds in the formation of O3 were: 1-butene (6.8%), ethylene (6.5%), formaldehyde (6.1%), acetaldehyde (5.5%), toluene (4.8%), 1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene (3.7%), trans-2-pentene (3.7%), propylene (3.7%), trans-2-butene (3.5%), and 1-methylcyclopentene (3.5%). The most abundant classes of air concentration were: alkanes (45%), alkenes (26%), aromatics (14%), aldehydes (13%), and alkadyenes (2%).

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:44:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-12 Analysis of fuel emissions is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of mortality because of air pollution. The objective of this study is to assess cardiovascular and inflammatory toxicity of diesel and biodiesel particles. Mice were exposed to fuels for 1 h. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability, and blood pressure were obtained before exposure, as well as 30 and 60 min after exposure. After 24 h, bronchoalveolar lavage, blood, and bone marrow were collected to evaluate inflammation. B100 decreased the following emission parameters: mass, black carbon, metals, CO, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds compared with B50 and diesel; root mean square of successive differences in the heart beat interval increased with diesel (p < 0.05) compared with control; low frequency increased with diesel (p < 0.01) and B100 (p < 0.05) compared with control; HR increased with B100 (p < 0.05) compared with control; mean corpuscular volume increased with B100 compared with diesel (p < 0.01), B50, and control (p < 0.001); mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased with B100 compared with B50 (p < 0.001) and control (p < 0.05); leucocytes increased with B50 compared with diesel (p < 0.05); platelets increased with B100 compared with diesel and control (p < 0.05); reticulocytes increased with B50 compared with diesel, control (p < 0.01), and B100 (p < 0.05); metamyelocytes increased with B50 and B100 compared with diesel (p < 0.05); neutrophils increased with diesel and B50 compared with control (p < 0.05); and macrophages increased with diesel (p < 0.01), B50, and B100 (p < 0.05) compared with control. Biodiesel was more toxic than diesel because it promoted cardiovascular alterations as well as pulmonary and systemic inflammation. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org. Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology and School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Estate of São Paulo, 14801-970 Araraquara (SP) Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Environment, Institute of Researches and Nuclear Energy, 05508-900 São Paulo

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of tropospheric ozone and VOCs under the sugarcane agro-industry emissions in urban and rural areas of Araraquara, SP. The sampling was performed using active and passive air samplers during the sugarcane harvest and in the period between harvests in 2011 and 2012. Also, canisters were undertaken in 3 situations: during and after the burning of the cane plantations and in an urban area. Instrumental analysis was carried out using gas and ion chromatography. The highest VOC concentrations were found for toluene and d-limonene at the urban area and for ethene during the burning of sugarcane. Although sugarcane industry is an important emission source of ozone precursors, in this study the tropospheric ozone levels do not increased significantly under sugarcane agro-industry emissions.

A mudança do uso da terra e o desmatamento para fins de produção agropecuária na Amazônia tem sido motivo de grande preocupação. Atualmente, os estudos acerca das emissões (naturais e antrópicas) de Gases de Efeito Estufa - GEE vêm se intensificando no meio científico. A proposta deste trabalho é realizar estudo da evolução das concentrações de metano no período entre 2010 a 2017 na Amazônia e realizar uma intercomparação entre as medidas de perfis verticais de avião e da coluna total de CH4 utilizando Espectrômetro de Absorção - FTIR nos anos de 2016 a 2017. As coletas do perfil vertical de avião foram realizadas na Floresta Amazônica em RBA (9,01°S, 64,72°O, região localizada entre as cidades de Porto Velho e Rio Branco). As medidas realizadas pelo FTIR foram feitas no município de Porto Velho 8,8°S, 63,9°O. As análises das medidas de perfil vertical de avião foram realizadas no Laboratório de Gases de Efeito Estufa - LaGEE, no Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, em São José dos Campos - SP, enquanto que as medidas do FTIR foram analisadas pelo Instituto de Aeoronomia da Bélgica (Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB)). As medidas obtidas nesse trabalho, revelam uma variação interanual com crescimento das concentrações de CH4 no decorrer dos anos. As concentrações de metano obtidas nos perfis verticais de avião são maiores nas alturas mais próximas da superfície, abaixo da camada limite planetária (< 1,5 km), o que é um indicativo que esta região da Amazônia contribui com as emissões de metano para a atmosfera, contudo, a taxa de crescimento das concentrações de CH4 do local de estudo (5,7 ppb ano-1), ainda é menor que a taxa média global (7,7 ppb ano-1). Os resultados da intercomparação entre as medidas de perfil de avião e do FTIR indicam que os perfis de avião validam os resultados obtidos pelo FTIR. The land use change and deforestation for agricultural production purposes in the Amazon has been a reason of great concern. Currently, studies of the Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions (natural and anthropogenic) have been intensifying in the scientific environment. The purpose of this project is to study the methane atmospheric concentrations evolution in the period from 2010 to 2017 in the Amazon and do anintercomparison between aircraft vertical profiles and total column CH4 using FTIR absorption spectrometer from 2016 to 2017. Samplings with aircraft vertical profile was performed in the Amazon Rainforest at RBA (9.01°S, 64.72°W, a region located between the cities of Porto Velho and Rio Branco). The FTIR measurements were made in the city of Porto Velho 8.8°S, 63.9°W. The analyzes of the aircraft vertical profile measurements were performed at the Greenhouse Gas Laboratory - LaGEE, at the National Institute For Space Research - INPE, in São José dos Campos - SP, while the FTIR measurements were analyzed by the Belgian Institute For Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB). The measurements obtained in this project reveal an interannual variability with increasing CH4 concentrations over the years. Methane concentrations obtained from vertical profiles are higher at the nearer surface heights, below the planetary boundary layer (< 1.5 km), which is indicative that this Amazon region contributes to the atmospheric methane emissions, however, the growth rate of the study site CH4 concentrations (5.7 ppb/yr), is still lower than the global average (7.7 ppb/yr). The results of the inter-comparison between aircraft vertical profile and FTIR measurements indicate that aircraft vertical profiles validate the results obtained by the FTIR.

As altas concentrações de ozônio troposférico e outros poluentes constituem riscos à saúde da população da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), sendo regidas por complexos fatores de origem antrópica (como a emissão de poluentes precursores) e natural (como a disponibilidade de radiação solar). Na primeira etapa do estudo, as estações de monitoramento da CETESB foram classificadas de acordo com o uso e ocupação do solo, através de critérios sugeridos pelo OMS, em veicular, comercial, residencial e background urbano. Foi realizada a avaliação de séries temporais, de 1996-2011, medidas em estações da CETESB, principalmente pela comparação do ciclo sazonal de ozônio nas estações com diferentes classificações de uso do solo. A segunda etapa se caracterizou pela realização, no modelo atmosférico WRF/Chem 3.2.1, de testes de sensibilidade, onde alterações nas características de emissão e uso do solo foram realizadas por meio de programas em SIG, configurando diferentes cenários que foram comparados à um cenário de controle, durante um período de intensa insolação na região de estudo (verão de 2014). Os resultados da primeira etapa indicaram concentrações médias de ozônio mais elevadas em estações de uso do solo residencial ou de background urbano (com média mensal mais alta de 57 gm-3 ou 28 ppb em outubro na estação Pico do Jaraguá), e mais baixas em estações com uso do solo veicular e comercial (com média mensal mais baixa de 6 gm-3 ou 3 ppb em junho na estação Lapa); o oposto do verificado para outros poluentes, tanto na escala diurna como na sazonal. Os resultados da segunda etapa (modelagem) demonstraram que o tamanho das áreas onde as emissões antropogênicas veiculares foram alteradas influencia diretamente na intensidade e distribuição espacial das alterações de ozônio e poluentes primários avaliados. Os cenários com redução mais intensa da emissão (100%) também indicaram alterações mais intensas do que os com redução moderada (50%). Os cenários com número total de veículos reduzido apresentaram as reduções mais expressivas de ozônio, com redução média de 18 gm-3 ou 9 ppb durante o dia no cenário que simula um pedágio urbano no centro de São Paulo. A circulação local de brisa marítima foi determinante para o transporte do excesso ou déficit de ozônio e poluentes precursores para diferentes regiões da RMSP. A modificação de uso do solo acarretou em diferentes propriedades termodinâmicas de superfície e emissão de compostos biogênicos associados à formação do ozônio, acarretando em concentrações mais altas dentro das áreas modificadas (com aumento médio de 10 gm-3 ou 5 ppb durante todos os horários do dia no cenário em que se simula a construção de um parque urbano em São Paulo) e transporte para regiões mais distantes. Concluiu-se que, nas condições ambientais e de infraestrutura atuais encontradas na RMSP, a implementação de um parque deverá acarretar na elevação das concentrações médias de ozônio na área alterada (com possíveis impactos de aumento ou redução também em áreas adjacentes e distantes, de acordo com a circulação atmosférica predominante). Sugere-se o foco no transporte público e não motorizado, além do ordenamento adequado do uso e ocupação do solo e políticas de desenvolvimento de combustíveis mais limpos para a mitigação destes problemas e implementação de parques urbanos sem aumento das concentrações de ozônio. High concentrations of pollutants such as tropospheric ozone pose health risks for the population of the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). It is influenced by complex factors from anthropogenic (emission of precursor pollutants) and natural (such as the availability of sunlight) origin, typical of the study region. In the first part of the study, state Environmental Agency (CETESB) monitoring stations were classified per their land use, using WHO criteria, into vehicular, commercial, residential and urban background. Also, pollutant time series from 1996-2011 from these stations were analysed, mainly through the comparison of the ozone seasonal cycle in monitoring stations with different land use classes. The second part of the study was focused on the evaluation in the atmospheric model WRF/Chem 3.2.1, of sensitivity tests, where changes on the emission and land use characteristics were performed in GIS softwares, configuring different scenarios which were compared to a control simulation during a period of intense availability of sunlight in the study region. Results from the first part indicated that higher average ozone concentrations were found in stations with residential and urban background land use classes (with the highest monthly average of 57 gm-3 or 28 ppb in October at Pico do Jaraguá station), and lower in vehicular and commercial stations (with the lowest monthly average of 6 gm-3 or 3 ppb in June at Lapa station), the opposite of what was found for other pollutants, both in the diurnal and seasonal scales. Significant correlations were calculated between stations with similar land use classes. Results from the second part (atmospheric modelling) showed that the size of the altered area strongly impacts the intensity and spatial distribution of the changes simulated for ozone and other primary pollutants evaluated. The scenarios with more intense emission decrease (100%) also indicated more intense changes compared to the scenarios with moderated decrease (50%). Scenarios with decreased total vehicle number also presented significant reduction in ozone, with an average decrease of 18 gm-3 or 9 ppb during the day in a scenario simulating an urban toll in downtown São Paulo. The local sea breeze circulation determined the transport of the excess or deficit of ozone and other precursor pollutants to different regions within the SPMA. Changes in land use induced different atmospheric circulation characteristics by changing the surface thermodynamic properties and by the emission of biogenic compounds which act as precursors for ozone, resulting in higher concentrations within the modified areas (with an increase of 10 gm-3 or 5 ppb during all hours of the day in the scenario which simulates the building of an urban park in Sao Paulo) and transport for more distant areas. As a conclusion, the building of a park within the current infrastructure and environmental conditions in the SPMA should increase average ozone concentrations in the modified areas (with possible impacts of increase and reduction in near and far regions, according to the prevailing atmospheric circulation), specially if it is located relatively near avenues with intense vehicle circulation. We suggest focus on public and non-motorized transport systems, proper land use management and policies for the development of cleaner fuels for the mitigation of these problems and implementation of urban parks without increasing ozone concentrations.

A atmosfera terrestre contém nitrogênio e oxigênio, sendo este último, um composto altamente reativo e fundamental ao desenvolvimento e manutenção da vida. Além desses gases, diversos outros compostos em pequenas concentrações, os quais podem atuar como reagentes e/ou catalisadores também a compõe. Os compostos gasosos variados e material particulado (orgânico e inorgânico) de diferentes dimensões lançados constantemente à atmosfera são provenientes de fontes diversas. Tais fontes podem ser de origem natural ou antrópica e ainda, podem ser pontuais, difusas, primárias, secundárias, móveis e/ou estacionárias. Os processos envolvendo transformações químicas na atmosfera são extremamente importantes porque tendem a manter a sua composição em estado estacionário. A vegetação, que constitui uma fonte natural, é responsável pela emissão de grandes quantidades de compostos carbonados para a atmosfera. Dentre os vários compostos orgânicos emitidos da superfície do planeta, destacam-se em particular, alguns gases traços, denominados compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs). A emissão dos compostos orgânicos voláteis pela vegetação ocorre, em escala global, predominantemente nos trópicos ou nos meses de verão em outras regiões. As reações fotoquímicas dos compostos orgânicos voláteis desempenham um papel diferenciado e importante na química da troposfera, podendo alterar de forma significativa a concentração de ozônio em áreas tanto urbanas quanto rurais. O presente projeto contempla o estudo de alguns dos inúmeros compostos orgânicos voláteis de origem biogênica (COVBs) emitidos pela vegetação constituinte, das regiões da Floresta Amazônica, da Mata Atlântica e da floresta Tropical da Guiana Francesa, comparando-se os dados de saída gerados pelos Modelos MOZART-4 e CAM-Chem. A escolha dos sítios experimentais para realização deste estudo se deu em parte em função da importância dos locais em termos de biodiversidade, extensão territorial, influência na climatologia (local e/ou regional), bem como também em função da acessibilidade, proximidade a centros urbanos e alterações devido à influência humana. O procedimento metodológico adotado para coleta das amostras de COVBs se deu por meio da técnica conhecida como acumulação de vórtices turbulentos (Relaxed Eddy Accumulation - REA), a qual faz uso de um dispositivo coletor denominado acumulador compacto de vórtices turbulentos (Compact Relaxed Eddy Accumulator - CREA). As amostras gasosas de COVBs foram coletadas por meio de cartuchos comerciais apropriados, compostos por diferentes materiais adsorvedores que apresentavam afinidade química também diferenciada para os variados compostos aos quais foram expostos. Estudos primários para determinação da natureza dos cartuchos que foram utilizados neste projeto foram realizados, a fim de se obter dispositivos adequados a este propósito. Os resultados evidenciam, como esperado, que a presença de isopreno é predominante em todos os sítios experimentais, sendo sua concentração média diária máxima de 5,0 ± 0,3 μg/cm3 registrada na Amazônia e de 8,0 ± 0,4 μg/cm3 (concentração diária) na floresta da Guiana Francesa, seguido pelo alfa-pineno cuja concentração máxima obtida foi de aproximadamente 1,6 ± 0,08 μg/cm3 no último sítio experimental, ambos detectados na estação seca. A emissão de isopreno e dos monoterpenos ocorreu de forma mais acentuada na época seca em comparação ao período úmido. Contudo, observou-se em algumas situações uma pequena discrepância. De maneira geral os resultados gerados pelos modelos estão subestimados, como exceção do parâmetro de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR), o que indica que a defasagem entre os resultados observados e os simulados pode estar relacionada parâmetros de OH-, NOx e em algumas reações químicas fotoquímicas envolvendo o ozônio. The Earth\'s atmosphere contains nitrogen and oxygen, the last one being a highly reactive compound and fundamental to the development and maintenance of life. Besides these gases, many other compounds in small concentrations, which can act as reactants and /or catalysts can be found in the atmosphere. Various gaseous compounds and particulate matter (organic and inorganic) of different dimensions constantly released into the atmosphere come from various sources. Such sources can be natural or anthropogenic and still be punctual, diffuse, primary, secondary, mobile and or stationary. Processes involving chemical transformations in the atmosphere are extremely important because they tend to maintain their steady-state composition. The vegetation, which is a natural source, is responsible for producing large amounts of carbon compounds in the atmosphere. Among the various organic compounds emitted from the planet\'s surface, stand out in particular, some trace gases, called volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The emission of volatile organic compounds by vegetation occurs on a global scale, predominantly in the tropics or in the summer months in other regions. The photochemical reactions of volatile organic compounds play an important and unique role in the chemistry of the troposphere, which can significantly change the concentration of ozone in both urban and rural areas. This project involves the study of some of the numerous biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) emitted by vegetation from the Amazon Forest, the Mata Atlântica forest and the Tropical forest of French Guiana, comparing the output data generated by MOZART -4 and CAM-Chem models. The choice of experimental sites for this study was in part due to the importance of local biodiversity , territorial extent , influence the weather (local and/or regional), and also because of accessibility, proximity to urban centers and changes due to human influence . The methodological procedures for collecting samples of VOCs was through the technique known as eddy accumulation (Relaxed Eddy Accumulation - REA), which uses an equipment known as compact relaxed eddy accumulator (CREA). The gas samples were collected from BVOCs through appropriate commercial cartridges, composed of different materials showed that chemical affinity adsorbents also differentiated for the various compounds which were exposed. Primary studies to determine the nature of cartridges that were used in the field campaigns were conducted in order to obtain devices suitable for this purpose. The results show, as expected, the presence of isoprene as a prevalent compound in all experimental sites, with maximum daily average concentration of 5,0 ± 0,3 μg/cm3 registered on the Amazon basin and 8,0 ± 0,4 μg/cm3 (daily concentration) in the forest of French Guiana, followed by alpha-pinene, whose maximum concentration obtained was approximately 1,6 ± 0,08 μg/cm3 in the last experimental site, both detected in the dry season. The emission of isoprene and monoterpenes occurred sharply in the dry season compared to the wet season. However, it was observed in some situations a small discrepancy. In general, the results generated by the models are underestimated, as an exception of photosynthetically active radiation parameter (PAR), indicating that the gap between the observed and simulated results can be related to OH- and NOx parameters and some chemical reactions involving photochemical ozone.