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Abstract The integration of alternative energy sources, storage systems, and modern loads into the distribution grid is complicating its operation and maintenance. Variability in individual generation and consumption elements dynamically affects voltage profiles, which in turn undermines efficiency and power quality. This study proposes to address this dynamical variability using an online reconfiguration approach that involves opening and closing switches to modify the grid's topology and adjust voltage levels in response to load/generation variations. Other grid optimization techniques, based on reconfiguration, typically focus on static, fully instrumented grids with predictable parameters and homogeneous changes, aiming to minimize power losses but overlooking the dynamics of variable grid elements. This study proposes a testing approach that is dependent on the estimated transient status of the grid only using a limited number of measurement units and considering the individual‐stochastic variations of loads and generators. The proposed approach was tested on the IEEE 33‐bus test feeder with up to five varying distributed generators. The results confirm that the algorithm consistently finds a reconfiguration alternative that could enhance system efficiency and voltage profiles, even in the face of dynamic load/generator behavior, demonstrating its effectiveness and online adaptability for grid operation and management tasks.

Abstract Reconstructing the history—such as the place of birth and death—of an individual sample is a fundamental goal in ancient DNA (aDNA) studies. However, knowing the place of death can be particularly challenging when samples come from museum collections with incomplete or erroneous archives. While analyses of human DNA and isotope data can inform us about the ancestry of an individual and provide clues about where the person lived, they cannot specifically trace the place of death. Moreover, while ancient human DNA can be retrieved, a large fraction of the sequenced molecules in ancient DNA studies derive from exogenous DNA. This DNA—which is usually discarded in aDNA analyses—is constituted mostly by microbial DNA from soil-dwelling microorganisms that have colonized the buried remains post-mortem. In this study, we hypothesize that remains of individuals buried in the same or close geographic areas, exposed to similar microbial communities, could harbor more similar metagenomes. We propose to use metagenomic data from ancient samples' shotgun sequencing to locate the place of death of a given individual which can also help to solve cases of sample mislabeling. We used a k-mer-based approach to compute similarity scores between metagenomic samples from different locations and propose a method based on dimensionality reduction and logistic regression to assign a geographical origin to target samples. We apply our method to several public datasets and observe that individual samples from closer geographic locations tend to show higher similarities in their metagenomes compared to those of different origin, allowing good geographical predictions of test samples. Moreover, we observe that the genus Streptomyces commonly infiltrates ancient remains and represents a valuable biomarker to trace the samples' geographic origin. Our results provide a proof of concept and show how metagenomic data can also be used to shed light on the place of origin of ancient samples.

Este artículo presenta una aproximación biográfica a la figura de Catalina Bravo, una actriz relegada al olvido. Recorre su trayectoria artística en los principales teatros madrileños, Príncipe y de la Cruz, y en el Teatre de la Santa Creu de Barcelona, destacando el repertorio que interpretó, su evolución en la jerarquía de actrices y su reflejo retributivo, así como la recepción de su trabajo por la crítica. Recientemente se ha conocido que la actriz interpretó la única intervención musical del drama de Hartzenbusch Los amantes de Teruel. Se pretende, desde esta investigación, recuperar la trayectoria escénica de Catalina Bravo prestando atención a su vertiente musical para poder discernir si la actuación en el drama de Hartzenbusch fue anecdótica o si su repertorio acredita que pueda ser considerada una canta-actriz, de la misma manera que sus coetáneas Matilde Díez o Bárbara Lamadrid.

El objetivo consiste en analizar el uso del papel en la gestión universitaria. Se sustentó en un enfoque cuantitativo, transversal, exploratorio y descriptivo. La población y muestra se compuso por 12 personas que desempeñan funciones dentro de la cadena de mando (directivos, administrativos y académicos) en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales (FACEM) de la Universidad Nacional de Canindeyú (UNICAN), con sede en Salto Guairá y filial en Curuguaty, Paraguay. Se empleó una encuesta mediante un cuestionario de 19 preguntas, remitido vía WhatsApp por conveniencia en el 2023. Como resultados se muestra que 41,7% indicó que el uso del papel es imprescindible en su labor; 66,7% reconoce el ahorro de recursos económicos disminuyendo o eliminando la utilización del papel; 75% identificó la existencia de una alta dependencia del papel en cumplimiento de sus funciones; y 58,3% determinó que con la disminución de impresiones se realiza ahorro de energía eléctrica. Se concluye que, a pesar de una considerable utilización del papel en las labores rutinarias, se perciben que la implementación de la política de Papel Cero en la FACEM-UNICAN podría generar ahorro en diversos recursos, facilitar la transición a la era digital y contribuir a la preservación del medio ambiente.

Abstract Fomes weberianus Bres. & Henn. ex Sacc. is currently the basionym of two very distinct polypores (Basidiomycota), Ganoderma weberianum (Polyporales) and Phylloporia weberiana (Hymenochaetales). This fact has led to almost fifty years of taxonomic confusion. Fomes weberianus was first lectotypified by Steyaert, who accepted the species as G. weberianum. However, studies of Weber’s original material in B, duplicate material in S, the protologue, and early interpretations of the name have shown that Steyaert’s choice conflicts with the protologue and early interpretations, and that his interpretation as a species of Ganoderma is erroneous. A new lectotype was designated and the species was re-described under the correct interpretation Phylloporia weberiana.

We examined transposable element (TE) content of 248 placental mammal genome assemblies, the largest de novo TE curation effort in eukaryotes to date. We found that although mammals resemble one another in total TE content and diversity, they show substantial differences with regard to recent TE accumulation. This includes multiple recent expansion and quiescence events across the mammalian tree. Young TEs, particularly long interspersed elements, drive increases in genome size, whereas DNA transposons are associated with smaller genomes. Mammals tend to accumulate only a few types of TEs at any given time, with one TE type dominating. We also found association between dietary habit and the presence of DNA transposon invasions. These detailed annotations will serve as a benchmark for future comparative TE analyses among placental mammals.

The polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) undergoes extensive phase II metabolism, which limits its bioavailability and bioactivity, including anticancer effects. Growing preclinical evidence reinforces milk-derived exosomes (EXOs) as promising nanocarrier drugs and bioactives delivery systems. Herein, to overcome the mentioned RSV's drawbacks, EXOs were loaded with RSV (EXO-RSV) to evaluate its brain delivery in Sprague-Dawley rats and its in vitro antiproliferative effects against human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and glioblastoma U-87MG cancer cells compared with non-encapsulated RSV. Pharmacokinetic analyses in perfused brains showed RSV detection only after EXO-RSV administration, not after non-encapsulated RSV administration. Encapsulation also resulted in lower concentrations of phase II-derived RSV metabolites in circulation. Additionally, blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport assays using human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) corroborated that encapsulation enhanced RSV transport efficiency and protected it from cellular metabolism. In vitro and in silico analyses of phase-II conjugates, primarily RSV 3-glucuronide, showed lower capacity than RSV to cross the BBB. Finally, EXO-RSV (47−750 nM) showed an increased dose-dependent antiproliferative efficacy on both cancer cell lines compared with the non-encapsulated RSV (10 μM), which was ineffective after 72 h of treatment. Our findings suggest that EXOs protect RSV from phase II metabolism and enhance its brain delivery and antiproliferative activity.

El objetivo del estudio consistió en la obtención de indicadores de violencia y prácticas escolares de discriminación y normalización en población universitaria, como sustento para la construcción de un instrumento psicométrico que permita obtener información para la toma de decisiones en materia de prevención e intervención de la violencia escolar. La investigación es cuantitativa y corresponde a un estudio instrumental, mediante un diseño de dos fases: exploración de indicadores y de validez de construcción. La población participante fue seleccionada a través de un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional. En la primera fase, participaron 30 personas de los cursos de formación ciudadana y formación en valores. En la segunda fase, fue seleccionado, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional, un grupo de 502 participantes inscritos en el nivel medio superior y nivel superior de una universidad pública. La primera fase pretendió explorar indicadores de prácticas y disposiciones de discriminación y normalización con respecto a la violencia, mediante un cuestionario de opinión. Se seleccionaron las diez respuestas más representativas de cada categoría, con sustento en la información recabada por dicho cuestionario se diseñó un instrumento. En la segunda fase, se procedió a la obtención de evidencias de validez referidas a la estructura interna y confiabilidad/precisión del instrumento diseñado, mediante las técnicas estadísticas de análisis factorial exploratorio de rotación varimax de componentes principales y el alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados reportan una varianza acumulada de 50.695 %, explicada por cuatro factores denominados con sustento en el contenido de la agrupación de los reactivos: factor uno Prácticas escolares de acoso y violencia, comprende cinco indicadores; el factor dos explora las prácticas escolares de tolerancia de la violencia a través de cuatro reactivos; el tercer factor comprende las disposiciones personales a la discriminación de género, mediante cuatro reactivos y el factor cuatro explora, mediante tres reactivos, las prácticas personales de normalización de la violencia. El análisis de consistencia interna reportó un alfa de Cronbach .807. El instrumento reportó evidencias de validez referidas al constructo y de confiabilidad/ precisión. La estructura factorial es congruente con indicadores de antivalores que se configuran como prácticas de anticultura.

Introduction: Management in healthcare organizations enables the competitive performance of healthcare institutions; therefore, it requires constant monitoring with valid and reliable instruments. Objective: To validate a scale to evaluate management in health care organizations, according to the perception of health care workers. Methods: Instrumental study, in which 302 health workers from hospitals and primary care centers in a health region of Peru participated. The process included content validation by expert judgment and pilot testing. construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and fit was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis, which included different estimation methods. Discriminant, predictive and reliability validity were analyzed. Results: A short version of 8 items grouped in a single general factor was obtained, which explained 55.88% of the total variance; the model has adequate goodness-of-fit indices independently of the estimation method used. The variability indexes of the items were excellent; the discriminative and predictive validity were satisfactory. The internal consistency with McDonald's omega (ω= 0.892), Cronbach's alpha (α= 0.892) and Gutmann (λ6= 0.887), revealed optimal reliability values. Conclusions: The scale for evaluating management in healthcare organizations has adequate metric properties.

Although evolvability of genes and traits may promote specialization during species diversification, how ecology subsequently restricts such variation remains unclear. Chemosensation requires animals to decipher a complex chemical background to locate fitness-related resources, and thus the underlying genomic architecture and morphology must cope with constant exposure to a changing odorant landscape; detecting adaptation amidst extensive chemosensory diversity is an open challenge. In phyllostomid bats, an ecologically diverse clade that evolved plant visiting from a presumed insectivorous ancestor, the evolution of novel food detection mechanisms is suggested to be a key innovation, as plant-visiting species rely strongly on olfaction, supplementarily using echolocation. If this is true, exceptional variation in underlying olfactory genes and phenotypes may have preceded dietary diversification. We compared olfactory receptor (OR) genes sequenced from olfactory epithelium transcriptomes and olfactory epithelium surface area of bats with differing diets. Surprisingly, although OR evolution rates were quite variable and generally high, they are largely independent of diet. Olfactory epithelial surface area, however, is relatively larger in plant-visiting bats and there is an inverse relationship between OR evolution rates and surface area. Relatively larger surface areas suggest greater reliance on olfactory detection and stronger constraint on maintaining an already diverse OR repertoire. Instead of the typical case in which specialization and elaboration are coupled with rapid diversification of associated genes, here the relevant genes are already evolving so quickly that increased reliance on smell has led to stabilizing selection, presumably to maintain the ability to consistently discriminate among specific odorants-a potential ecological constraint on sensory evolution.

Understanding variation of traits within and among species through time and across space is central to many questions in biology. Many resources assemble species-level trait data, but the data and metadata underlying those trait measurements are often not reported. Here, we introduce FuTRES (Functional Trait Resource for Environmental Studies; pronounced few-tress), an online datastore and community resource for individual-level trait reporting that utilizes a semantic framework. FuTRES already stores millions of trait measurements for paleobiological, zooarchaeological, and modern specimens, with a current focus on mammals. We compare dynamically derived extant mammal species' body size measurements in FuTRES with summary values from other compilations, highlighting potential issues with simply reporting a single mean estimate. We then show that individual-level data improve estimates of body mass-including uncertainty-for zooarchaeological specimens. FuTRES facilitates trait data integration and discoverability, accelerating new research agendas, especially scaling from intra- to interspecific trait variability.

In this work, the inter-relationship among 10 morphological characters, 8 climatic parameters and the content of total anthocyanins in the cob core of PMV 581 purple maize, cultivated and produced in three different places in Huanuco–Peru region, has been reported. This study of morphological characters was carried out using standard descriptors, both for the plant and the cob. Data on climatic parameters were obtained from three meteorological stations near the test locations. The total anthocyanin content (Acy), expressed as the glucoside-3-cyanidin concentration, has been determined by the differential pH method. From the statistical treatment of the data obtained, the following descriptors were found to be the most representative, given that they are poorly correlated with each other, but in general, depending on the localities: i/ (morphological) grain weight per cob GWC, plant length PL and cob core weight CCW; ii/ (climatic) minimum temperature Tmin, wind speed v and relative humidity RH. Between both types of descriptors, the best correlations occur for (CCW vs. Tmin) and (GWC vs. v). On the other hand, the total anthocyanin content Acy correlates very well with the CCW and Tmin descriptors. So, the highest concentration of Acy (684.2 mg/100 g) and also the highest CCW (38.6 g/cob) have been obtained in cobs of Winchuspata (W-Q), the coldest (Tmin = 7.89 °C) of the considered localities. On the contrary, the lowest concentration of Acy (603.7 mg/100 g) and also the lowest CCW 25.4 g/cob) have been obtained in cobs of Pistaloli (P-SA), the warmest (Tmin = 19.96 °C) of the three locations. The highest GWC value (139.4 g/cob) has been obtained in cobs of Marabamba (M-Y) where the wind speed v (4.13 m/s) was the highest of the locations considered. On the contrary, the lowest value of GWC (79.6 g/cob) has been obtained for cobs of Pistaloli (P-SA) where v was the lowest (1.19 m/s). In this context, it is important to propose studies on climatic variations’ impact on different crop cycles, investigating how different agronomic management practices and the use of genetic identification/expression tools can optimize the anthocyanin production of purple maize, in order to facilitate the selection of new varieties for specific climatic conditions.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (H&NSCC) is an anatomic, biological, and genetic complex disease. It involves more than 1000 genes implied in its oncogenesis; for this review, we limit our search and description to the genes implied in the onco-ontogeny of the derivates from the first pharyngeal arch during embryo development. They can be grouped as transcription factors and signaling molecules (that act as growth factors that bind to receptors). Finally, we propose the term embryo-oncogenesis to refer to the activation, reactivation, and use of the genes involved in the embryo’s development during the oncogenesis or malignant tumor invasion and metastasis events as part of an onco-ontogenic inverse process.

Neoadjuvant intratumoral (IT) therapy could amplify the weak responses to checkpoint blockade therapy observed in breast cancer (BC). In this study, we administered neoadjuvant IT anti-canine PD-1 therapy (IT acPD-1) alone or combined with IT cowpea mosaic virus therapy (IT CPMV/acPD-1) to companion dogs diagnosed with canine mammary cancer (CMC), a spontaneous tumor resembling human BC. CMC patients treated weekly with acPD-1 (n = 3) or CPMV/acPD-1 (n = 3) for four weeks or with CPMV/acPD-1 (n = 3 patients not candidates for surgery) for up to 11 weeks did not experience immune-related adverse events. We found that acPD-1 and CPMV/acPD-1 injections resulted in tumor control and a reduction in injected tumors in all patients and in noninjected tumors located in the ipsilateral and contralateral mammary chains of treated dogs. In two metastatic CMC patients, CPMV/acPD-1 treatments resulted in the control and reduction of established lung metastases. CPMV/acPD-1 treatments were associated with altered gene expression related to TLR1–4 signaling and complement pathways. These novel therapies could be effective for CMC patients. Owing to the extensive similarities between CMC and human BC, IT CPMV combined with approved anti-PD-1 therapies could be a novel and effective immunotherapy to treat local BC and suppress metastatic BC.