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In studying secondary structural propensities of proteins by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, secondary chemical shifts (SCSs) are the primary atomic scale observables. But which random coil chemical shift (RCCS) values to choose?

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are widely known as master regulators of the heat shock response. In invertebrates, a single heat shock factor, HSF1, is responsible for the maintenance of protein homeostasis. In vertebrates, seven members of the HSF family have been identified, namely HSF1, HSF2, HSF3, HSF4, HSF5, HSFX, and HSFY, of which HSF1 and HSF2 are clearly associated with heat shock response, while HSF4 is involved in development. Other members of the family have not yet been studied as extensively. Besides their role in cellular proteostasis, HSFs influence a plethora of biological processes such as aging, development, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation, and they are implicated in several pathologies such as neurodegeneration and cancer. This is achieved by regulating the expression of a great variety of genes including chaperones. Here, we review our current knowledge on the function of HSF family members and important aspects that made possible the functional diversification of HSFs.

Munkánk során átvizsgáltuk a Tiszakürti, Szarvasi és Erdőtelki Arborétum, a Tápiósze­lei Agrobotanikus Kert (NBGK), az egri Eszterházy Károly Katolikus Egyetem (EKKE) Botanikus kertjét és a noszvaji De la Motte-kastély parkját. Cikkünkben 186 taxonhoz szolgáltatunk adatokat. Ezek közül 40 gyűjteményes kerti terjedése eddig nem volt ismert hazánkban. A diófélék családjából (Juglandace­ae) négy új potenciálisan terjedő fajt találtunk (Carya cordiformis, C. ovata, Juglans cinerea és J. micro­carpa). Az összes vizsgált Abies faj esetében előfordultak magoncok, csemeték. A Ludwigia grandiflora hetedik hazai, első nagyalföldi előfordulását közöljük a Szarvasi Arborétum mesterséges tavából. To­vábbi adatokkal szolgálunk a nemrég kimutatott Cardamine occulta és a terjedőben lévő Veronica pe­regrina taxonokhoz, melyek főként konténeres növényekkel terjednek. Az adatok bősége rámutat a hazai gyűjteményes kertekben rejlő kutatási lehetőségekre.

This case study investigates the magnitude and nature of the spatial effect generated by the anti-COVID measures on land surface temperature (LST) in the city of Târgu Mureș (Marosvásárhely), Romania. The measures were taken by the Romanian government during the state of emergency (March 16 – May 14, 2020) due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. The study shows that – contrary to previous studies carried out on cities in China and India – in most of the urban areas of Marosvásárhely LST has increased in the period of health emergency in 2020 concerning the large average of the years 2000–2019. Remote sensing data from the MODIS and the Landsat satellites show, that MODIS data, having a moderate spatial (approximately 1 km) but good temporal resolution (daily measurements), show a temperature increase of +0.78 °C, while Landsat data, having better spatial (30 m) but lower temporal resolution, show an even greater increase, +2.36 °C in the built-up areas. The difference in temperature increase is mainly due to the spatial resolution difference between the two TIR band sensors. The LST anomaly analysis performed with MODIS data also shows a positive anomaly increase of 1 °C. However, despite this increase, with the help of the hotspot-coldspot analysis of the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic we were able to identify 46 significant coldspots that showed a 1–2 °C decrease of LST in April 2020 compared to the average of the previous years in April. Most of these coldspots correspond to factory areas, public transport epicenters, shopping centers, industrial polygons, and non-residential areas. This shows that anti-COVID measures in the medium-sized city of Marosvásárhely had many effects on LST in particular areas that have links to the local economy, trade, and transport. Paired sample t-test for areas identified with LST decrease shows that there is a statistically significant difference in the average LST observed before and after anti-COVID measures were applied. MODIS-based LST is satisfactory for recognizing patterns and trends at large or moderate geographical scales. However, for a hotspot-coldspot analysis of the urban heat islands, it is more suitable to use Landsat data.

Az alsó végtagok hosszkülönbsége jól ismert probléma a mozgásszervi sebészet különböző területein. Vitatott azonban a funkciókra gyakorolt hatása, a klinikai jelentősége és a mérési metódusok hitelessége is. Az eltérés lehet veleszületett vagy szerzett, illetve megjelenése alapján ténylegesen mérhető (strukturális, abszolút, anatómiai) vagy látszólagos (funkcionális). A szerzett különbség egyik jellemző példája a csípőízületi arthrosis következményeként kialakult végtaghosszkülönbség. Ennek korrekciójára a csípőízületi totál endoprotézis beültetésekor kerül sor. Egy 69 éves nőbetegnél végzett csípőprotézis beültetése kapcsán kívánják a szerzők a végtaghossz különbségének alakulását bemutatni, amelynek az észlelt és valós értékei meglepő eltéréseket mutattak. A tanulmány ismerteti a beteg előzményeit, állapotának változásait, valamint a nemzetközi irodalom áttekintésével tárgyalja a végtaghosszkülönbség és a derékfájdalom összefüggéseit.

We investigated the relevance of the validation principles on the Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship models issued by Organization for Economic and Co-operation and Development. We checked the goodness-of-fit, robustness and predictivity categories in linear and nonlinear models using benchmark datasets. Most of our conclusions are drawn using the sample size dependence of the different validation parameters. We found that the goodness-of-fit parameters misleadingly overestimate the models on small samples. In the case of neural network and support vector models, the feasibility of the goodness-of-fit parameters often might be questioned. We propose to use the simplest y-scrambling method to estimate chance correlation. We found that the leave-one-out and leave-many-out cross-validation parameters can be rescaled to each other in all models and the computationally feasible method should be chosen depending on the model type. We assessed the interdependence of the validation parameters by calculating their rank correlations. Goodness of fit and robustness correlate quite well over a sample size for linear models and one of the approaches might be redundant. In the rank correlation between internal and external validation parameters, we found that the assignment of good and bad modellable data to the training or the test causes negative correlations.

Using high-resolution Sentinel-5P satellite data, this study investigates the relationship between the main sources of air pollution and the concentration of NO2 gas in the tropospheric column during the period 2018-2021 in Romania. NO2 data, both raster and time series obtained through remote sensing techniques by the TROPOMI sensor were used for this analysis. Kernel density estimation (KDE) was chosen as a technique to determine the magnitude of the spatial densification of the main sources of NO2 pollution (KDE PS). Hotspot-Coldspot analysis of the NO2 concentration based on Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) was performed using Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. Besides, a correlation and regression analysis was conducted based on a statistical T-test between KDE PS, elevation above sea level, and mean tropospheric NO2 concentration during 2018-2021. The results evidenced that traditional air pollution sources continue to determine the NO2 pollution levels in Romania, these levels aside being also conditioned by the elevation above sea level. We conclude that NO2 pollution can only be reduced in polluted areas if green energy is favored and measures are taken to mitigate polluting traffic in cities.

This study investigates the relationship between territorial human influence and decreases in NO

The research of European urban flora is still based on the study of Western and Central European settlements, while relatively few data are available from the southern and eastern parts of Europe. ...

In this paper we compiled data on 157 Hungarian adventive plant species – of which 65 had not been reported from the country previously – from 47 settlements of Transdanubia and the Great Hungarian Plain. These taxa are rare, interesting or not included in the most recent list of the Hungarian neophyte species. The list includes data about many rare, occasionally escaping species (e.g. Lagurus ovatus, Salvia coccinea), taxa considered incapable of reproduction under the recent climatic conditions of the Pannonian Basin (e.g. Cupressus sempervirens, Punica granatum) or naturalised plants that may become invasive in the future (e.g. Celtis sinensis, Lonicera japonica). In the outlook we highlighted some special urban habitats (e.g. private and botanical gardens) and practices (e.g. public green space management) that endanger the native flora. We also describe their role in promoting the appearance and the expansion of alien plant species, and processes (e.g. laurophyllisation, spread of thermophile species) that will become increasingly common in the future as a result of climate change.

This study aims to investigate the effect of transportation infrastructure on the decrease of NO

Der Beitrag setzt sich zum Ziel, die Krönung von Ferdinand I. an der Grenze des Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit einer gründlichen Analyse zu unterziehen. Nach der Zusammenfassung der bisherigen Forschungen über diese Krönung wird aus der Sammlung der Széchényi-Nationalbibliothek eine deutschsprachige Flugschrift interpretiert, und zwar ein Bericht von einem Buchdrucker in Augsburg auf dem Jahr 1527 herausgegeben, um die möglichen Übereinstimmungen und Unterschiede zu den früheren Königskrönungen beschreiben zu können.

Determination of potentially toxic elements in the μg/kg–mg/kg concentration range in some Ayurvedic formulations was performed after microwave-assisted acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Arsenic and Hg concentration in the mineral formulations reached about 10% and 0.6% by weight, respectively. Arsenic bioaccessibility was not influenced by pepsin and pancreatin containing model suspensions of pH = 1.2 and 6.8 (with 0.05 M K2HPO4), respectively. The bioaccessible As fraction of the mineral formulations was about 10–20%, even if the estimated As intake from these products exceeded the 3.0 μg/BW kg/day benchmark dose limit with an increased incidence of 0.5% for lung cancer (BMDL05) caused by inorganic As by about 25 times. Ion-exchange solid phase extraction procedure was applied to discriminate between iAs species in either the initial bioaccessible fractions obtained by incubation in simulated duodenal juice or by spiking them with 75 and 150 μg/L arsenate ions [iAsV]. The complex sample/extractant matrix caused a 60–70% recovery for iAs(V) and a breakthrough of about 20%. Suppression of phosphate ions in the extractant improved iAs(V) recovery by about 10%. Arsenic breakthrough was not observable at the 75 μg/L iAs(V) spike level. Similar results were obtained on a homeopathic product confirming the interference of phosphate on As speciation in bioaccessible fractions of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs). Conversion rate of iAs(III)/iAs(V) in Ayurvedic products with large As content could be estimated. This approach is more informative than extrapolation of results by X-ray based techniques on solid state of CAMs.

Fritillaria meleagris is an endangered Eurasian species with declining populations in most of its distribution area. The signifi cance of the present study is to provide details for improving methods, how age-state structure can be identifi ed in a population. This could help finding the appropriate way of site-management where this species occurs. We investigated two F. meleagris populations in the western part of Hungary (Gyékényes, Tüskeszentpéter). We grouped the recorded plants into five age-state categories: dormant, juvenile, subadult, vegetative- and reproductive adult. We investigated diff erent plant traits such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf width and leaf length. The relative frequencies of leaf numbers differed signifi cantly between the two sites each year. Generally, the majority of the flowering plants had 5-6 leaves at both sites. Only plant height was positively related to plant reproductive success, but there were no clear trends in leaf width and leaf length. There are considerable diff erences in age-state ratios between our sampling sites. The proportion of reproductive plants was noticeably higher in both years in Tüskeszentpéter. Transition into dormant state was regular from all age groups at both sites.

International audience; Using Sentinel-5P data, this study investigated the magnitude of change in the concentration of air pollutants (NO2, HCHO, SO2, O3, CO, and aerosol index) in the air of ten cities and urban areas of the French region of Grand Est as a result of the first lockdown imposed between March 17, 2020 and May 11, 2020. The results showed that the air quality in the urban environments of Grand Est improved significantly compared to the same period in 2019 without lockdown. NO2, O3, aerosol index and CO were the pollutants that exhibited maximum reductions by an average of -33.98%, -5.94%, -26.82% and -0.66%, respectively (the observed maximum decreases were -54.7%, -7.7%, -13.1%, and -5.3%, respectively). The largest decrease occurred in the Public Establishments of Inter-municipal Cooperation (EPCI, in French: Établissement public de coopération intercommunale) areas of Eurométropole de Strasbourg, CA Colmar, and CA Mulhouse Alsace. The maximum decrease in air pollution first occurred in land cover classes close to cities, followed by built-up urban areas. In this study, a global depollution index known as the atmospheric clearance index (ACI) was developed, which involved several air pollution parameters, and quantitatively analyzed the decrease in contamination levels of the atmosphere in this region. In addition, the correlation between the novel ACI and other population and economic development indices was studied. The results indicated that there was a negative and statistically significant correlation between ACI and population density, gross domestic product, gross value added (GVA) at basic prices, number of employees, and active enterprises.

Background Scleroedema adultorum of Buschke is a rare disorder characterized by fibromucinous thickening of the dermis that manifests mainly at the nape of the neck and on the upper back and shoulders. This study screened patients with diabetes mellitus for skin hardening caused by scleroedema adultorum of Buschke and characterized the clinical and laboratory findings in patients with newly identified cases, with a focus on lipid metabolism abnormalities and vascular complications. Methods Out of 113 consecutive patients with diabetes, 11 (9.7%) new scleroedema patients, all with type 2 diabetes, were found. Their clinical and laboratory data were compared to those of the rest of the screened patients and to those of a cohort of 15 patients with scleroedema and diabetes who were already being treated in a tertiary clinical centre at the University of Pécs. Results Higher proportions of patients with dyslipidaemia, hypertriglyceridemia (P P P = 0.021, P P P P = 0.003) were independent predictors of scleroedema in patients with diabetes mellitus. Conclusions Diabetes patients with scleroedema had more severe dyslipidaemia and higher occurrence of vascular complications compared to those without scleroedema. In addition to poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus requiring insulin treatment, high non-HDL-C levels may be another contributing factor to the development of scleroedema. Trial registration NCT04335396.

The dependence of statistical validation parameters was investigated on the size of the sample taken in fit of multivariate linear curves. We observed that R2 and related internal parameters were misleading as they overestimated the goodness-of-fit of models at small sample size. Cross-validation metrics showed correct trends. It was possible to scale the leave-one-out and the leave-many-out results close to identical by correcting the degrees of freedom of the models. y and x-randomized validation parameters were calculated and the methods provided close to identical results. We suggest to use the simplest methods in both cases. The external parameters followed correct trends with respect to the sample size, but their sensitivity differed. We plotted the Roy-Ojha metrics in 2D and we coloured them with respect to other external parameters to provide an easy classification of models. The rank correlations were calculated between the performance parameters. Up to a sample size, goodness-of-fit and robustness were distinguishable, but above a certain sample size, the parameters were redundant. The external-internal pairs were weakly correlated. Our data show that all the three aspects of validation are necessary at small sample sizes, but the internal check of robustness is not informative above a given sample size.

Jelen közleményünk annak a sorozatnak a tizedik része, melynek célja a Magyarország edényes növényfajainak elterjedési atlasza térképeinek kiegészítése, főként aktuális előfordulási adatokkal. A dolgozat 194 kvadrátban 686 edényes taxon elterjedési adatait pontosítja, amelyeket egy elektronikus appendixben listázunk részletesen. Egy kvadrát néhány pontszerű felmérésnek köszönhetően 100-nál is több fajjal egészült ki. Az országos kéktúra útvonal néhány szakaszának bejárása 10 flóratérképezési kvadrátban összesen 142 új faj kimutatását eredményezte. Ezek közül legérdekesebb-ként a bakonyi Carex strigosa előfordulásokat emelnénk ki. A korábbi és újonnan kimutatott előfordulási adataira támaszkodva megállapítható, hogy e védett sásfaj a Dunántúli-középhegységen belül DNy-i irányból ÉK-i irányba terjeszkedik. Ezek a megfigyelések felhívják a figyelmünket arra, hogy az olyan szinantróp élőhelyek, mint a nagyobb forgalmú turistautak tanulmányozása, komoly szerepet játszhat a flóra térbeli mintázatának KEF léptékű feltárásában. Másrészt, az így regisztrált adatok hozzájárulhatnak olyan “őshonos” növények eredetének és terjedésének jobb megismeréséhez is, mint az ún. illír-dacikus harapófogó fajai.

The IFMIF-DONES (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility-Demo Oriented NEutron Source) test cell (TC) biological shielding is responsible of providing sufficient protection for the surrounding rooms and cells from intensive neutron irradiation and gamma radiation from inside of the TC. The TC biological shielding is composed of surrounding shielding walls, two top shielding plugs, six piping and cabling plugs (PCPs), TC floor, and removable shielding materials below the TC floor. Based on the previous TC configuration, the design of the lower shielding plug has been further developed by defining the specifications of embedded helium active cooling systems with the support of neutronic simulations, CFD analysis, and remote handling requirements. The PCP design is updated to provide sufficient space for pipe and cable connections. A preliminary piping of the water cooling system inside the heavy concrete shielding walls has been performed to qualify the capability of removing volumetric nuclear heating during irradiation experiments. The geometry of TC surrounding shielding walls are adjusted according to the latest design of PCPs and LSP as well as the requirements of the active cooling pipes which are embedded in the TC surrounding walls.

Jelen közleményünk annak a sorozatnak a nyolcadik része, melynek célja a Magyaror­szág edényes növényfajainak elterjedési atlasza térképeinek kiegészítése, főként aktuális előfordulási adatokkal. A dolgozat 157 kvadrátban 539 edényes taxon elterjedési adatait pontosítja. Az érintett kvadrátok többsége a Dunántúlon található. Egy kvadrát a szisztematikus felméréseknek köszönhetően 190-nél is több fajjal egészült ki. Néhány aszfaltút célirányos átvizsgálásának köszönhetően a Puccinellia distans 68 kvadrátból került elő új fajként. Mindkét adat arra utal, hogy a hiányok miatt az adatpótló közleményekre továbbra is nagy szükség van. A felsorolt taxonok döntő része gyakori, sok­szor gyom jellegű elem, néhányuk azonban hazánkban szórványos vagy ritka (pl. Nigella arvensis, Vaccaria hispanica, Rumex pulcher, Urtica urens), olykor védett növény (pl. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, Dryopteris affinis, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Huperzia selago). Néhány, olyan alkalmi kivaduló és meg­honosodóban lévő növényt is megemlítünk, amelyek nem szerepelnek a legutóbbi magyarországi új­jövevény növények listájában (pl. Acer cissifolium, Cyperus alternifolius, Gaillardia aristata, Galanthus elwesii). A kitekintésben felhívjuk a figyelmet néhány olyan magyarországi szinantróp élőhely flórafel­tártságának hiányára (pl. útszegélyek, kertek, virágágyások), melyek igen komoly szerepet játszhatnak a meghonosodó, majd özönfajjá váló gyomok terjedésében.

Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. is the most widespread invasive moss species in Europe. Originating from the Southern Hemisphere, it is nowadays causing serious changes in coastal sand habitats of Western Europe and invading various anthropogenic habitats in Central Europe. In South-Eastern Europe, the species was initially found in Croatia in 2013, in the Dinaric region in the karst plain Vrhovinsko polje, on leached bare soil and pine bark remnants. In 2015, another stand of similar size was found in the peri-Pannonian region, on Mt Papuk, on a gneiss cliff in an acidophilous sessile oak forest. These two localities are on the South-Eastern frontline of the species' invasion within Europe. The oldest individuals were three to four years old, and sporophytes were not found. At the moment, it seems that the invasive moss is not a threat to native flora in the Dinaric region. Nevertheless, special attention should be given to the peri-Pannonian and Eastern Balkan regions, since its expansion could threaten the habitats of native moss and lichen species growing in similar acidic forests. Since the bryoflora of South-Eastern Europe is still largely undersampled, directed surveys and monitoring programs should be promptly established.

A new and practical microwave (MW)-assisted method was developed for the fast and efficient oxidative addition of secondary phosphine oxides or alkyl phenyl-H-phosphinates and acetylenes. The reaction was optimized in respect of the oxidative agent, the reaction time, the temperature and the molar ratio of the starting materials. The protocol developed enabled the synthesis of novel benzo[b]phosphole oxide derivatives under mild conditions for a short reaction time. By the use of special reagents, such as alkyl phenyl-H-phosphinates or ethyl phenylpropiolate, reactive groups (phosphinic acid ester and carboxylic ester) could be integrated into the benzophosphole skeleton, which may be further functionalized towards various synthetic directions, therefore, fine-tuning the optical properties of the target molecules. The crystal structure of a benzo[b]phosphole oxide derivative was investigated by X-Ray diffraction, which gave structural information about the compound and its molecular interactions in the crystal.

HSF1 (heat shock factor 1) is an evolutionarily conserved master transcriptional regulator of the heat shock response (HSR) in eukaryotic cells. In response to high temperatures, HSF1 upregulates genes encoding molecular chaperones, also called heat shock proteins, which assist the refolding or degradation of damaged intracellular proteins. Accumulating evidence reveals however that HSF1 participates in several other physiological and pathological processes such as differentiation, immune response, and multidrug resistance, as well as in ageing, neurodegenerative demise, and cancer. To address how HSF1 controls these processes one should systematically analyze its target genes. Here we present a novel database called HSF1Base (hsf1base.org) that contains a nearly comprehensive list of HSF1 target genes identified so far. The list was obtained by manually curating publications on individual HSF1 targets and analyzing relevant high throughput transcriptomic and chromatin immunoprecipitation data derived from the literature and the Yeastract database. To support the biological relevance of HSF1 targets identified by high throughput methods, we performed an enrichment analysis of (potential) HSF1 targets across different tissues/cell types and organisms. We found that general HSF1 functions (targets are expressed in all tissues/cell types) are mostly related to cellular proteostasis. Furthermore, HSF1 targets that are conserved across various animal taxa operate mostly in cellular stress pathways (e.g., autophagy), chromatin remodeling, ribosome biogenesis, and ageing. Together, these data highlight diverse roles for HSF1, expanding far beyond the HSR.

Urbanization is one of the major causes of species loss and the homogenization of the world's flora. Our coarse-scale floristic mapping project of the largest south Transdanubian city, Pécs, is the first grid-based urban study in Hungary that reveals the current pattern of the vascular flora. Beyond the general description of the project, the species richness, the number of native, archaeophyte, neophyte and legally protected taxa are presented in the scale of the grid units (2.2 km2) and according to the residential area of the city. Relationships between the number and proportion of natives, archaeophytes, neophytes, protected species versus the proportion of built-up areas, forest coverage and elevation are estimated by linear regression models. Among the 1458 spontaneous or subspontaneous vascular plant species of the study area 131 are legally protected. The average number of species per grid unit is 338. Regression models show that the number of aliens decreases with forest coverage and increases with the rate of built-up areas, while number of natives shows opposite trends as a function of the same variables. These opposite trends lead to the conclusion that in the case of the vascular flora of Pécs the “poor get richer” theory is supported. Among the most frequent species hemicryptophytes, widespread, native and zoochorous plants are dominant. The most widespread four invasive taxa are native to North America.

Andreaea rothii has been recorded for the first time in Croatia. It is a boreo-temperate suboceanic species (Hill et al., 2007) relatively rare in SE Europe, since it is known only from Romania (Ellis et al., 2014d), Slovenia and Serbia (Sabovljevic´ et al., 2008 ; Hodgetts, 2015). The species was found in the Papuk Mountains, situated in the mainly lowland area of NE Croatia. In this region Papuk is the largest and highest mountain range, with peaks between 800 and 900 m a.s.l. They are characterized by high geological diversity dominated by metamorphic rocks, such as different types of schists, as well as granites. The climate is temperate, moderately warm without an explicit dry period. About 60% of the almost totally forested area is covered by different communities of beech forests. The well-developed black patches of A. rothii cover an area ca 2 m× 0.5 m on a steep north-facing cliff on the edge of an acidothermophilic sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg.) forest. The specimens of A. rothii grew on the bare rock with the following bryophyte species: Cynodontium polycarpon (Hedw.) Schimp., Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp., Dicranum scoparium Hedw., Polytrichum piliferum Schreb. ex Hedw. and Rhabdoweisia (cf.) fugax (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. The population is very small with an extremely high risk of extinction, therefore we propose CR as Red List status for the taxon in Croatia. According to the last checklist of the moss flora of Croatia (Sabovljevic´, 2006), only Andreaea rupestris Hedw., collected from just one locality in 1927 (Horvat, 1932 and ZA), was reported for the genus. The locality is very interesting from the point of view of the vegetation of Croatia, because it is within 100 m of the second stand of Fagus sylvatica L.-Sphagnum quinquefarium (Braithw.) Warnst. forest (Alegro et al., 2015). The second occurrence of Dicranum spurium Hedw. (Ellis et al., 2014d) and Rhabdoweisia fugax (Papp et al., 2013) in Croatia are also found here. Another interesting moss is S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., that forms small red patches within the thick carpets of S. quinquefarium under the open oulder scree forest in the neighbourhood.

Although Ablepharus kitaibelii and its subspecies are wide-spread, being distributed from the Carpathian Basin through the Balkans to Iraq, their habitat and environmental niche is poorly known. Ablepharus kitaibelii fitzingeri is almost entirely limited to the Carpathian Basin, and is amongst the most strictly protected and least known reptiles of Central and Eastern Europe. The main aim of our study was to determine habitat use preferences of different age groups of A. kitaibelii fitzingeri and Lacerta viridis. The occurrence of green lizard was determined by the abundance of refugia rather than by the naturalness of grasslands. The snake-eyed skink prefers semi-natural grasslands with abundant tussock-forming grass or sedge species, avoiding densely shrubby places. For the first time, we show that woodland mosaics lacking shrubs and temporary grasslands next to forest edges are important for the species. Microhabitat use by snake-eyed skink varies with age group; adults preferring shady edge zones rich in leaf litter and shadier grassland spots provided by woodland mosaics, whereas juveniles were found in natural, more open grasslands far from forest edges and in woodland mosaics with dense shrubby understory. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the ecological needs of A. kitaibelii fitzingeri. Our methodology could be adapted to other species and subspecies of Ablepharus. Based on our results, it is important to reconsider habitat management activities, which should not be limited to shrub control: the main goal should be the development of a diverse habitat structure.

We investigated the allocation dependence of validation and design of experiment optimality parameters by modifying the pattern of the independent variables. They were scanned from a centre-like to corner-like positions and fixed design of experiment settings were checked, too. The response variable was modelled with multivariate linear regression. The calculations were performed on simulated data in two and 4-dimensional independent variable spaces and on datasets of power plant and QSAR studies. Our results showed that almost all parameters evaluating validation or design of experiment optimality could be tuned by intentionally increasing the number of samples taken close to the edges of the variable domain. We got strong rank correlation among most of the parameters. It coincides well with the primary aim of design of experiment to obtain validatable models, where design of experiment is performed before the model building, or even before the experiments, and validation takes place after the model building. Surprisingly, the best subsets of the selected samples for the different parameters overlapped only weakly. We found a reasonable cross optimization power only for some goodness-of-fit and robustness parameters, the overlap was rather weak concerning predictivity and design of experiment optimality parameters. For the simulated data we calculated the exact integrated error of prediction, its value strongly depended on the error features of the individual subsets and showed minimal cross-optimization power. We might conclude that design of experiment using optimality parameters need not to provide the allocations with best validation parameters in many cases.

Field studies in Hungary during the last six years have led to the discovery of 82 localities and 2145 sporophytes of Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC.) Brid. ex Moug. & Nestl., i.e. 41 times more localities and 143 times more sporophytes than reported in the previous census carried out up to 2014. The recent occurrences of the species known at that time (two localities with four stands and 15 sporophytes) were found exclusively on decaying wood in old growth forests. However, in the light of 20th century herbarium data from Hungary and new observations in Central Europe, our survey was extended to include the soil of acidophytic, young and middle-aged, managed and disturbed forests, and the new populations were mainly found in these types of habitats, almost exclusively on acidic soil. Details of population size, habitat and substrate preference, and environmental conditions at the newly found stands are reported in this paper. If these unusual preferences (i.e. acidic soil in managed, acidophytic beech forests) are not confined to Hungary, the total population size of this Natura 2000 species listed in annex II of the Habitat Directive might be severely underestimated in Europe.

ABCB6 belongs to the family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes, bearing significant impact on human disease and pharmacology. Although mutations in the ABCB6 gene have been linked to a variety of pathophysiological conditions ranging from transfusion incompatibility to pigmentation defects, its precise cellular localization and function is not understood. In particular, the intracellular localization of ABCB6 has been a matter of debate, with conflicting reports suggesting mitochondrial or endolysosomal expression. ABCB6 shows significant sequence identity to HMT-1 (heavy metal tolerance factor 1) proteins, whose evolutionarily conserved role is to confer tolerance to heavy metals through the intracellular sequestration of metal complexes. Here, we show that the cadmium-sensitive phenotype of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Caenorhabditis elegans strains defective for HMT-1 is rescued by the human ABCB6 protein. Overexpression of ABCB6 conferred tolerance to cadmium and As(III) (As2O3), but not to As(V) (Na2HAsO4), Sb(V), Hg(II), or Zn(II). Inactivating mutations of ABCB6 abolished vacuolar sequestration of cadmium, effectively suppressing the cadmium tolerance phenotype. Modulation of ABCB6 expression levels in human glioblastoma cells resulted in a concomitant change in cadmium sensitivity. Our findings reveal ABCB6 as a functional homologue of the HMT-1 proteins, linking endolysosomal ABCB6 to the highly conserved mechanism of intracellular cadmium detoxification. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00018-019-03105-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

1. Az Apium repens (Jacq.) Lagasca uj előfordulasa a Szigetkozben / New occurrence of Apium repens (Jacq.) Lagasca in Szigetkoz region (NW Hungary) | 2. A Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze subsp. hungaricum (Klokov) Soo alkalmi megjelenesei utpadkakon / Casual occurrences of Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze subsp. hungaricum (Klokov) Soo in roadside verges | 3. Az Asparagus verticillatus L. elvadulasanak első hazai adatarol / On the first sub-spontaneous occurrence of Asparagus verticillatus L. in Hungary | 4. A Digitalis lanata Ehrh. uj előfordulasa Kemencen (Borzsony) / New occurrence data of Digitalis lanata Ehrh. in Kemence (Borzsony Mts., N Hungary) | 5. Balkani csillagvirag (Prospero paratheticum Speta) első előfordulasi adata a Duna– Tisza-kozen / First report on the occurrence of Prospero paratheticum Speta from Danube–Tisza Interfluve (C Hungary) | 6. Nehany erdekesebb novenyfaj megjelenese a Duna 2013. evi nagy arvize utan a Szigetkoz hullamtereben / Some interesting floristic data from Szigetkoz (NW Hungary) after the great flooding of Danube in 2013 | 7. Az adventiv agas falgyom (Parietaria judaica L.) ujabb előfordulasi adata Debrecenből / Newly discovered locality of the pellitory-of-the-wall (Parietaria judaica L.) in the city of Debrecen (E Hungary) | 8. Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra Sopron varos mohaflorajaban / Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra in the urban bryoflora of the town of Sopron (W Hungary) | 9. Adatok a Plantago coronopus L. hazai elterjedesehez / Additional data to the distribution of Plantago coronopus L. in Hungary | 10. A csipkes gyongyvessző (Spiraea crenata L.) egykori kunpeszeri előfordulasarol / On the formerly occurrence of Spiraea crenata L. in Kunpeszer (C Hungary) | 11. A Spiraea crenata L. sas-hegyi (Budai-hegyseg) felfedezesenek tortenete / History of discovery of Spiraea crenata L. on Mt Sas (Buda Mts., Hungary)

Egy mohaflorisztikai felmérés során, 2014-ben a Campylopus flexuosus új állományai kerültek elő a Nyugat-Mecsek humid, mészkerülő tölgyeseiben és bükköseiben. Az ország flórájára új fajt a Bakonyban elsőként Peter Erzberger és Németh Csaba mutatta ki 2013-ban. Az új, mecseki populációk feltárása során megbecsültük a C. flexuosus telepek kiterjedését, borítását, illetve listáztuk az állományokon belül előforduló moha és edényes növényfajokat. Munkánk során revideáltuk az MTM Növénytár (BP) Mohagyűjteményének D. flagellare anyagát. Ennek kapcsán bemutatjuk és ábrázoljuk a fajhoz makroszkopikusan igen hasonló Dicranum flagellare differenciális bélyegeit. Adataink alapján feltételezhető, hogy a C. flexuosus a mecseki humid, mészkerülő erdők egy új, terjedőben lévő mohafaja.

Different types of semi natural habitats has important role in long-term survival and maintenance of reptile species in urban environments. Heterogeneous urban green islands can provide conditions that enable competing species to live together in relatively small areas. However, the key mechanism of coexistence could vary from types of habitats and taxa. We investigated the population structure, the fine scale habitat segregation and diel activity pattern of two lizard species (Lacerta viridis and L. agilis) coexisting populations in a town cemetery. We hypothesized, that fine scale habitat segregation is a more important factor in coexistence than differences in diel activity pattern, because of the environmental dependent thermoregulation constrain. During the study, 178 L. agilis and 79 L. viridis occurrences were recorded. The daily activity patterns of both species were very similar, with peaks found in the forenoon and afternoon. Lizards were found to be the most active at 31-32°C. The probability of occurrence of the species was influenced more by the differences in the random selection of parcels rather than the random differences in the survey days. Around the proximate observation point the bush covered areas was significantly higher than average in the parcels. Our results showed that niche segregation based on fine scale habitat patches had a fundamental role in the coexistence of the two lizard species. L. agilis preferred the more open spaces, whereas L. viridis preferred areas with more bushes, but there was no difference in the daily activity pattern of the two species.

A Ceratochloa alnemzetség a Bromus nemzetség egyik kicsi, de igen bonyolult taxonómiájú csoportja. Az ide tartozó fajok főként Észak- és Dél-Amerikában őshonosak, de adventívként a többi földrészen is jelen vannak. Hazánkból eddig két fajt mutattak ki, a Bromus catharticus-t és a B. carinatus-t. Az előbbit először Győrből, majd Környéről és a Nyírség nyugati feléről (Kálmánháza) jelezték. Utóbbi fajnak pedig Keszthely és Sopron területéről ismertek adatai. Az elmúlt években végzett intenzív városi flórakutatás során a B. catharticus két új populációja került elő Pécs városából.