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Approximately twenty-one years of historical mosquito abundance and species surveillance data, collected by the University of Notre Dame and the St. Joseph County (IN) Health Department, from 1976 to 1997 are made available following a data rescue effort. St. Joseph County is a county in Indiana, located on the Michigan-Indiana border, 35 miles from Lake Michigan.The collected data will allow for trends in species to be followed over a wide time range and facilitate further research regarding mosquito-borne diseases, species distribution, phenology and ecological changes over time.

BackgroundSurgery is still the standard treatment for breast lesions such as in situ ductal carcinoma (DCIS); however, its survival benefit is minimal, particularly for low-grade DCIS. Surgical complications and related depression status can adversely affect patients’ quality of life. Approximately 25% of breast cancer (BC) cases are in situ forms, with DCIS making up 90% of these. Low and intermediate-grade DCIS often grow slowly and do not always progress clinically significant diseases. Identifying non-invasive lesions could help prevent overtreatment. In this context, new diagnostic tools like vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) could enhance the management of these conditions.MethodsThe prospective VACIS study explores the role of VAE in ensuring the absence of pathology at subsequent surgery and reducing the diagnostic underestimation of breast biopsies for microcalcifications. Patients with suspicious breast microcalcifications up to 15 mm, who are candidates for stereotactic biopsy, will be enrolled and randomised into two groups. The control group will complete the biopsy with typical sampling, aiming to collect some microcalcifications from the target, while the experimental group will focus on the complete removal of the biopsy target (confirmed by mammography on the biopsy table), followed by a second sequence of cleaning samples. Radiograms will confirm lesion removal. Pathologic outcomes at surgery will be compared between the groups, and the percentage of underestimation will be assessed. The sample size is calculated to be 70 patients per group, using statistical tests and multivariate logistic models to detect a significant difference in the absence of pathology. Data collected will include patient age, lesion characteristics, and details of the biopsy, pathology and surgery.DiscussionCurrent surgical treatments for low-and sometimes intermediate-grade DCIS offer limited survival benefits and may hurt patients’ quality of life due to surgery-related complications and associated depression. These lesions often grow slowly and might not become clinically significant, suggesting a need to avoid overtreatment. Improved diagnostics procedures, such as VAE, could help distinguish non-invasive from potentially invasive lesions, reduce biopsy underestimation, enable personalised management and optimise treatment strategies. This study hypothesises that VAE could be a viable alternative to surgery, capable of removing pathology during the biopsy procedure.Clinical trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05932758.

Background: Diabetic Mastopathy (DMP) is an uncommon benign fibro-inflammatory condition that occurs in women with long-standing diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type 1. It often mimics breast cancer (BC) in clinical and imaging presentations, leading to diagnostic challenges. Methods: A retrospective monocentric study was conducted, analyzing clinical, radiologic, and pathological data from 28 women diagnosed with DMP over 10 years at the European Institute of Oncology. Data on DM type, age at DMP diagnosis, associated autoimmune conditions, imaging features, and surgical outcomes were collected and compared with the existing literature. Results: The majority (82%) of the patients had type 1 DM, with most diagnosed with DMP before age 40. Common complications included retinopathy (46%) and neuropathy (35%). Imaging often suggested malignancy, necessitating core needle biopsies for diagnosis. Surgical intervention occurred in 55% of cases, with a recurrence rate of 32%. One case of BC was observed. Conclusions: DMP remains challenging due to its resemblance to BC. Conservative management is typical, but the recurrence rate post-surgery highlights the importance of ongoing monitoring. Although DMP does not significantly increase BC risk, caution is advised, especially for immunocompromised patients. Further studies are needed to comprehensively understand DMP’s relationship with BC.

Digital survey and parametric-semantic modeling of historical or conventional building artifacts are becoming progressively more oriented toward HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modelling) to XR (Extended Reality) digital fruition projects. This encompasses a wide range of applications, from technical management to historical-scientific popularization of the architectural heritage. In this sense, the research explores the potential of BIM-to-XR virtualization systems concerning the systematization of historiographic documentation and interaction between different types of datasets for managing and disseminating the heritage. In particular, the research presents a prototypal experience conducted on Mostra d'Oltremare in Naples, Italy, a mid-20th-century exhibition center. In particular, the northwest access area had a rationalist layout, while the current configuration strongly differs from the monumental, exedra-shaped one built on a project by Arch. Stefania Filo Speziale, which was largely destroyed by World War II bombing. Thus, to document and facilitate the analysis of the original configurations, the original archival sources have been digitized and cataloged; moreover, reality-based integrated digital survey campaigns have been performed for the acquisition of metric-morphological data of the complex and the segmentation of the characteristic chromatic features of the residual decorative apparatuses. This has enabled the development of a BIM-oriented multi-scale information repository to enrich the real environment with digital content, thus creating an augmented reality experience. The latter has been introduced to create a virtual tool for querying and manipulating BIM databases, using the potential of visual programming languages and traditional scripts to create a two-way flow of data between BIM and AR.

Offshore wind turbine support structures are fatigue-driven designs subject to a wide variety of cyclic loads from wind, waves, and turbine controls. While most wind turbine loads and metocean data are collected at short-term 10 min intervals, some of the largest fatigue cycles have periods over 1 d. Therefore, these low-frequency fatigue dynamics (LFFDs) are not fully considered when working with the industry-standard short-term window. To recover these LFFDs in the state-of-the-industry practices, the authors implemented a short- to long-term factor applied to the accumulated short-term damages while maintaining the ability to work with the 10 min data. In the current work, we study the LFFD impact on the damage from the fore–aft and side–side bending moments and the sensors' strain measurements and their variability within and across wind farms. While results might vary strongly between sites, for the current site and a stress–life (SN) curve slope of m=5, up to 65 % of damage is directly related to LFFDs.

In this study, two Mediterranean coastal lagoons (Lesina and Varano) of Southern Italy, located in the north of the Apulia region, were investigated for the presence of Shiga toxin Escherichia coli (STEC) and potentially enteropathogenic Vibrio species in parallel with norovirus (NoV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to evaluate the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria and viruses in the water and sediments of these ecosystems. From March 2022 to February 2023, a total of 98 samples were collected: 49 water samples and 49 sediment samples. STEC strains were isolated in three samples (3.1%), of which one (2%) was water (stx1 and stx2 positive) and two (4.1%) were sediment (both stx2 positive) samples. Vibrio spp. were detected in twenty samples (20.4%), of which nine were water (18.4%) and eleven were sediment (22.4%) samples. The species detected included V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, and V. vulnificus. NoV was detected in 25 (25.5%) samples, while none of the water or sediment samples were positive for HAV, HEV, and SARS-CoV-2. The results of this study provide an overview of the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in areas influenced by anthropogenic pressure. Monitoring the circulation of these pathogens could be useful to evaluate the water flowing into the lagoons, in particular discharge waters (i.e., urban, agricultural, and livestock runoff), considering the presence of fish and shellfish farms in these sites.

The work that is presented here shows the results of the survey and material characterization campaign, performed through digital information acquisition and management processes of the Temple of Venus in Baia, in the framework of the activities by the Departments of Civil, Building, and Environmental Engineering of the University of Naples Federico II, in agreement with the Archaeological Park of Campi Flegrei. The artifact stands as a deeply interesting example of an architectural palimpsest, which - despite being involved by significant structural reinforcement interventions - presents interesting technical solutions, to be further investigated in their singularity and specificity. Unfortunately, it cannot be currently visited, until the execution of works to guarantee its complete and safe accessibility, also in terms of structural safety. The use of digital methodologies for data acquisition, in the integration of range and image-based survey techniques, and their semantic de-discretization has allowed systematizing the developed knowledge into models that can be easily queried and implemented over time, where both the geometric and the information component are indispensable for orienting and elaborating a conscious and articulate restoration project, as required by this building.

Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus) is an important crop of the Mediterranean basin characterized by many properties, like hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and beneficial to human health. The high bioactive compounds (BACs) content, as polyphenols, has attracted the research interest in artichoke extracts. We analysed the changes in polyphenol transcriptome profile between sanitized (S) virus-free and non-sanitized (NS) artichoke plants, focusing on genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis. A total of 2458 upregulated and 2154 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were functionally characterized. Among them, 31 and 35 KEGG orthology entries characterized by upregulated and downregulated DEGs, respectively, were involved in the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. A downregulation of PAL, C4H, 4CL, HST/HQT, C3′H, CCoAMT, CCR1, and F5H, was observed in S artichoke compared to NS one, whereas the CSE, CHS, and CHI genes were upregulated in S samples. Transcriptome results were compared to the polyphenols accumulation in S and NS artichoke leaves. A higher content of total polyphenols was observed in older leaves of NS samples, compared to extracts obtained from young leaves or from S plants, and this result was associated with the presence of viral infections in NS plants. In all the conditions tested, the most represented compound was chlorogenic acid, followed by luteolin-7-O-glucoside. The different composition of each extract was evaluated by a polyphenol dose–response treatment on the rodent hepatoma FaO cell line to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A significant reduction in ROS content ranging between −40% and −48% was observed when 10–20 mg/L of polyphenols from NS or S plants were used, characterized by a specific profile of compounds. To reduce MetOH residues in polyphenol extracts, a supercritical fluid CO2 extraction was evaluated to propose a sustainable green extraction.

In the current study, the prebiotic potential of an innovative functional pasta enriched with 12% (w/w) inulin was investigated. To this aim, pasta was subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion followed by simulated gut fermentation compared to the control pasta (CTRL) not containing inulin. The incorporation of inulin positively (p < 0.05) affected some organoleptic traits and the cooking quality of the final product, giving an overall score significantly higher than CTRL. The resultant essential amino acid content was similar in both pasta samples while the total protein content was lower in inulin-enriched pasta for the polymer substitution to durum wheat flour. The prebiotic potential of chicory inulin was preliminarily tested in in vitro experiments using seven probiotic strains and among them Lacticaseibacillus paracasei IMPC2.1 was selected for the simulated gut fermentation studies. The positive prebiotic activity score registered with the probiotic strain suggested the suitability of the inulin-enriched pasta with respect to acting as a prebiotic source favoring the growth of the probiotic strain and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The present study contributes to broadening knowledge on the prebiotic efficacy of inulin when incorporated into a complex food matrix.

In this paper I argue, following proposals by Laka (1990), Aboh (2010), De Clercq (2013; 2020a), and Greco (2019; 2020ab) among others, that negation has a dedicated position in the left periphery where it takes wide scope over the lower sentential material. This position is separate and independent from the TP-level PolP, and it can convey sentential negation on its own. As evidence for this, I present data from Modern Irish concerning an emphatic marker known as Demonic Negation from McCloskey (2009; 2018). I argue that this element is a true semantic negator rather than a metalinguistic negator, and that it is base generated in a polar projection immediately dominating FocP, independently from the lower positions where sentential negation is standardly encoded. This has a broader relevance for the general theory of the syntactic encoding of negation, since it demonstrates that negative markers can be base-generated in their highest scope position, and thus that they need not always originate in the VP-layer as proposed in recent research. Additionally, the possibility of raising a constituent to the SpecFocP to the right of the Demonic Negation is exploited to express scalar negation and Focus/constituent negation, bypassing the Irish restriction which prevents negation from being expressed below the inflectional layer (Acquaviva 1996).

INTRODUZIONE: In Italia nel 2020 sono state stimate circa 55.000 nuove diagnosi di carcinoma della mammella. L’autoesame al seno (Breast Self Examination-BSE) rappresenta un primo strumento di prevenzione rivolto alle donne di qualsiasi età inducendole, in caso di alterazioni sospette, ad effettuare indagini diagnostiche più approfondite. Nonostante l’enorme potenzialità di questa pratica, essa non è ancora abbastanza diffusa e correttamente utilizzata. Per poter educare le donne alla corretta esecuzione della BSE è opportuno che anche l’infermiere in formazione acquisisca specifiche conoscenze in questo ambito. Lo studio si pone l’obiettivo di costruire e validare uno strumento per indagare le conoscenze riguardo l’autoesame al seno tra le studentesse del Corso di Laurea in Infermieristica (CLI) dell’Università degli Studi di Milano. MATERIALI: Studio osservazionale descrittivo su campionamento di convenienza costituito dalle studentesse del CLI dell’UniMi. Somministrazione di un questionario creato ed elaborato in base alla letteratura. Successiva proposta di un video informativo. RISULTATI: Dei 155 questionari somministrati si evince che l’81.9% conosce la pratica dell’autoesame al seno, ma solo il 51.6% la esegue con un aumento delle conoscenze con punteggi significativamente superiori a partire dal secondo anno (p=0,001). Una minoranza delle studentesse si sente sicura nella tecnica di esecuzione. Il 48.4% non pratica l’autoesame al seno. CONCLUSIONI: Lo studio condotto evidenzia una buona conoscenza della BSE, ma una scarsa pratica della stessa. Implementare la formazione alla BSE dello studente infermiere può consentire un’educazione corretta nei confronti della popolazione femminile.