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Currently, classrooms are experiencing an increase in the number of schoolchildren with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Numerous studies propose, as an alternative to medication, the implementation of different neurotechnology in the classroom to improve the symptomatology and enhance the cognitive abilities of children with this diagnosis. This umbrella review aims to compile the scientific evidence that exists on the application of these techniques, as well as their implementation, in schools. A systematic review was carried out, following accepted recommendations (PRISMA), which included systematic reviews in English or Spanish, published in scientific journals, which deal with ADHD, apply some neurotechnology used in this population such as neurofeedback, transcranial stimulation (tDCS) or hyper scanning, and which refer to education or school. Fourteen systematic reviews were retained, which show that neurofeedback is the most widely used neurotechnology, although its actual implementation in school has been scarcely treated or only aimed to evaluate its efficacy. In second place, tDCS appears with a more clinical approach, while hyper scanning does not appear. Despite the promising experimental results, ecological studies proposing the effective implementation of these techniques in educational centers are necessary; on the other hand, the commitment to neuroeducation would entail the emergence of new professional figures.

Abstract: Scholars and advocates are at odds about how to achieve higher levels of child safety and permanency. Calls for change include the recent upEND focus on eradication of child welfare services to a radical refocusing of the present system towards prevention/early intervention. To clarify the implications of reform over abolition, we seek to portray a future in which the abolition of child welfare has occurred, in juxtaposition to maintaining four core elements of established child maltreatment programmes around the world: (1) receiving and responding to community signals about the risk to children; (2) assessment of need coupled with a proportionate response; (3) rights protections to ensure fairness when placement outside the family is required; and (4) procedures for accountability and quality improvement. For each of these functions, we outline abolitionist advocates' positions and implications for children and parents. Across these elements, we delineate how assigning these responsibilities to communities, as suggested by upEND, would likely (1) exaggerate racial and economic inequities and (2) create structural barriers that would increase harm to children. We suggest several evidence‐informed enhancements to practice, research and policy that would mitigate these inequities while also increasing safety and permanency.

Abstract Zebrafish have become an important model animal for studying the emergence of collective behavior in nature. Here, we show how to properly analyze the polarization statistics to distinguish shoal regimes. In analogy with the statistical properties of optical speckles, we show that exponential and Rayleigh distributions emerge in shoals with many fish with uncorrelated velocity directions. In the opposite limit of just two fish, the polarization distribution peaks at high polarity, with the average value being a decreasing function of the shoal’s size, even in the absence of correlations. We also perform a set of experiments unveiling two shoaling regimes. Large shoals behave as small domains with strong intra-domain and weak inter-domain correlations. A strongly correlated regime develops for small shoals. The reported polarization statistical features shall guide future automated neuroscience, pharmacological, toxicological, and embryogenesis-motivated experiments aiming to explore the collective behavior of fish shoals.

Introduction: The aberrant expression of the inhibitor of DNA binding (ID1) gene has been frequently associated with the leukemogenesis and prognostication acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although its clinical importance has never been investigated in patients treated outside well-controlled clinical trials. Methods: Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we investigated the role of the ID1 expression in the clinical outcomes of non-selected patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated in a real-life setting. Results: Overall, 128 patients were enrolled. Patients with high ID1 expression had a lower 3-year overall survival (OS) rate of 9%, with the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) at 3 to 20%, compared to patients with a low ID1 expression (22%, 95%CI: 11 - 34%) (p = 0.037), although these findings did not retain significance after adjustment (hazard ratio (HR): 1.5, 95%CI: 0.98 - 2.28; p = 0.057). The ID1 expression had no impact on post-induction outcomes (disease-free survival, p = 0.648; cumulative incidence of relapse, p = 0.584). Conclusions: Although we are aware thar our data are confronted with many variables that cannot be fully controlled, including drug unavailability, risk-adapted treatment, comorbidities and the time from diagnosis to treatment initiation, we are firm believers that such an initiative can provide more realistic data on understudied populations, in particular those from low- and middle-income countries.

The monospecific genus Tartessiberus was described in the year 2021 including a single species (T. cilbanus). However, its description relied solely on morphological and anatomical data. In the present work, we use a fraction of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) and the nuclear large ribosomal subunit (LSU) to clarify its validity through phylogenetic positioning. Knowledge of the distribution of this species is also improved by citing new locations and expanding the geographical range to approximately 200 km2. Additionally, a morphometric analysis of 259 shells is presented for comparisons with shells of the Iberus marmoratus complex and testing the power of conchological features as a tool for specimen identification. The relatively high conchological variability found for T. cilbanus, together with the discovery of populations with intermediate conchological features between T. cilbanus and other closely related taxa, suggest that the determination of this species should be based on genetic criteria. Our molecular analyses demonstrate that T. cilbanus belongs to the Iberus genus, and thus, we proceed to update its taxonomic status to Iberus cilbanus comb. nov., and, thus, to consider Tartessiberus from now on as a junior synonym of Iberus.

Abstract Background Despite its implications for population dynamics and evolution, the relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation in wild populations remains unclear. Here, we estimated variation and plasticity in life-history traits and fitness of the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana in two common garden experiments that differed in environmental conditions. We used up to 306 maternal inbred lines from six Iberian populations characterized by low and high genotypic (based on whole-genome sequences) and ecological (vegetation type) diversity. Results Low and high genotypic and ecological diversity was found in edge and core Iberian environments, respectively. Given that selection is expected to be stronger in edge environments and that ecological diversity may enhance both phenotypic variation and plasticity, we expected genotypic diversity to be positively associated with phenotypic variation and plasticity. However, maternal lines, irrespective of the genotypic and ecological diversity of their population of origin, exhibited a substantial amount of phenotypic variation and plasticity for all traits. Furthermore, all populations harbored maternal lines with canalization (robustness) or sensitivity in response to harsher environmental conditions in one of the two experiments. Conclusions Overall, we conclude that the environmental attributes of each population probably determine their genotypic diversity, but all populations maintain substantial phenotypic variation and plasticity for all traits, which represents an asset to endure in changing environments.

Background: Revisions to the heart allocation criteria in 2018 motivated an increased use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to transplantation. Studies have demonstrated inferior post-transplant outcomes in patients bridged with ECMO but do not account for underlying diagnosis. Our objective was to elucidate the differential impact of ECMO on outcomes by heart failure (HF) etiology. Methods: The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried for adults who underwent isolated heart transplantation after October 2018. Patients were stratified by ECMO utilization at the time of transplantation and then by HF etiology. After baseline statistical comparisons, survival analysis relied on Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional models. Results: A total of 13,203 patients were included, of whom 761 (5.8%) were supported with ECMO. ECMO patients were younger (48 vs 54 years, p

In the contemporary higher education landscape, the fusion of information literacy education and seamless integration of digital resources is imperative for fostering students' academic success amidst a surge in information flow and technological progression. Educational institutions, including the San Pedro College of Business Administration (SPCBA) in the Philippines, strive to synchronize with the evolving demands of the 21st century by prioritizing the roles of information literacy instruction and digital resource integration in shaping students' academic trajectories. This study aimed to elucidate the intricate relationship between information literacy instruction, digital resource integration, and academic success at SPCBA. Data collected from 180 college students through survey questionnaires revealed a high level effectiveness of information literacy, robust digital resource integration, and significant academic success. Correlation analyses uncovered moderate associations between information literacy instruction and digital resource integration, as well as between information literacy instruction and academic success. Additionally, digital resource integration exhibited a significant correlation with academic success. Regression analysis further highlighted that information literacy instruction significantly predicts academic success, especially when combined with digital resource integration. In light of these findings, recommendations were proposed to enhance information literacy programs, integrate digital resources into curricula, foster collaboration between faculty and librarians, and conduct regular assessments for improvement. This study contributes to the literature on information literacy, digital resource integration, and academic success, providing insights for optimizing student learning outcomes in the digital age. Further research is encouraged to explore the nuanced dynamics of this relationship and develop targeted interventions for educational enhancement.

Academic procrastination is a common challenge. High school is a critical period where students are introduced to more complex and demanding academic tasks. The transition from middle school to high school may bring about increased academic pressure, and students may struggle to manage their time effectively (Belmonte, 2019). Cramming behavior, often a direct consequence of procrastination, is a phenomenon that has become ingrained in academic culture, their efficacy in promoting long-term retention and understanding in the long run (Chew, 2021). People have diverse learning styles, and understanding these styles can enhance the effectiveness of education and training. One popular framework categorizes learners into four models which include the VARK model (Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, Kinesthetic), which adds a dimension for those who prefer reading and writing as their primary mode of learning. The goal of this study was to explore academic procrastination, cramming behavior and learning style of Grade 7 students of Pacita Complex National High School , to probe the relationship between academic procrastination and cramming behavior, academic procrastination and learning style, cramming behavior and learning and examined the predictive ability of academic procrastination and cramming behavior, taken singly or in combination, of respondents’ learning style of Grade 7 students of Pacita Complex National High School. The findings revealed that the over-all weighted mean of 2.39 revealed that the respondents do not procrastinate in terms of academics. On the other hand, an over-all weighted mean of 2.47. Furthermore, the study revealed that the respondents have “less manifested” cramming behavior. In addition, the learning style of the students was Kinesthetic with a total score of 670. Moreover, academic procrastination was not significant to cramming behavior with a p-values .128, .133 and .296 respectively, as well as academic procrastination and learning style was also not significant to learning style with a p-values of .894, .222, .336 and .670 respectively. Also, cramming behavior was not significant to learning style with of .733, .322 and .053 It implied that these predictors were not highly contributors to students learning style. This study is believed to be a beneficial reference to educators, school administrators and students.

Peatswamp forest is a unique habitat that supports high biodiversity, particularly fungal diversity. The current study collected submerged and dead plant parts from Eleiodoxa conferta, Eugeissona tristis and Licuala paludosa from a peatswamp forest in Narathiwat Province, Thailand. Morphological features coupled with multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1-α sequence data identified our isolates as new Distoseptispora species (viz. D. arecacearum sp. nov., D. eleiodoxae sp. nov. and D. narathiwatensis sp. nov.). Morphological descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided.

Abstract Emotional experience is central to a fulfilling life. Although exposure to negative experiences is inevitable, an individual’s emotion regulation response may buffer against psychopathology. Identification of neural activation patterns associated with emotion regulation via an fMRI task is a promising and non-invasive means of furthering our understanding of the how the brain engages with negative experiences. Prior work has applied multivariate pattern analysis to identify signatures of response to negative emotion-inducing images; we adapt these techniques to establish novel neural signatures associated with conscious efforts to modulate emotional response. We model voxel-level activation via LASSO principal components regression and linear discriminant analysis to predict if a subject was engaged in emotion regulation and to identify brain regions which define this emotion regulation signature. We train our models using 82 participants and evaluate them on a holdout sample of 40 participants, demonstrating an accuracy up to 82.5% across three classes. Our results suggest that emotion regulation produces a unique signature that is differentiable from passive viewing of negative and neutral imagery.

BACKGROUND. Persistent controllers (PCs) maintain antiretroviral-free HIV-1 control indefinitely over time, while transient controllers (TCs) eventually lose virological control. It is essential to characterize the quality of the HIV reservoir in terms of these phenotypes in order to identify the factors that lead to HIV progression and to open new avenues toward an HIV cure. METHODS. The characterization of HIV-1 reservoir from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed using next- generation sequencing techniques, such as full-length individual and matched integration site proviral sequencing (FLIP-Seq; MIP-Seq). RESULTS. PCs and TCs, before losing virological control, presented significantly lower total, intact, and defective proviruses compared with those of participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART). No differences were found in total and defective proviruses between PCs and TCs. However, intact provirus levels were lower in PCs compared with TCs; indeed the intact/defective HIV-DNA ratio was significantly higher in TCs. Clonally expanded intact proviruses were found only in PCs and located in centromeric satellite DNA or zinc-finger genes, both associated with heterochromatin features. In contrast, sampled intact proviruses were located in permissive genic euchromatic positions in TCs. CONCLUSIONS. These results suggest the need for, and can give guidance to, the design of future research to identify a distinct proviral landscape that may be associated with the persistent control of HIV-1 without ART. FUNDING. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI17/00186, FI19/00083, MV20/00057, PI18/01532, PI19/01127 and PI22/01796), Gilead Fellowships (GLD22/00147). NIH grants AI155171, AI116228, AI078799, HL134539, DA047034, MH134823, amfAR ARCHE and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation., Introduction Elite controllers (ECs) represent a small subset of people living with HIV-1 (PLHIV), less than 1%, who can maintain undetectable viral load in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) [...]

Participating in sports is essential for young people's life skills development. Adults are engaged in sports in the same ways that young people are—to maintain good health, enhance their interactions with others, and enhance their abilities (Cihan and Ilgar, 2019). Sports help young people develop their physical talents, and everyone who frequently participates in a sport appreciates the value of fitness and training in terms of how well they perform. This study's objective was to look into the level of sports commitment, training motivation, and athletic performance, probe the relationship between the athletes' level of sports commitment, training motivation, sports commitment, and athletic performance, and level of training motivation and athletic performance, and examine the predictive ability of the level of sports commitment, and training motivation, taken singly or in combination, of the level of athletic performance of NCAA players in the University of Perpetual Help System, Laguna. The findings revealed that the Athletes’ level of sports commitment along with personal goals, coach impact, and time and effort was “very high”, while the respondents’ level of sports commitment along with intrinsic and extrinsic was “very high”. On the other hand, the respondents’ level of athletic performance along with self-confidence, athletic ability, and, emotional ability was “very high”. In addition, the athlete’s level of sports commitment in terms of time and effort, was significant to the level of training motivation in terms of intrinsic, respectively. In terms of respondents’ level of sports commitment in terms of coach impact was correlated to their level of athletic performance in terms of self-confidence, athletic ability, and emotional ability. It implied that these indicators had a substantial impact on athletes' performance. It is expected that this study could help establish and maintain a commitment to sports and motivation to achieve a high level of athletic performance.

Summary: Background: Paediatric hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) traditionally arise in the context of a normal structural and functional liver and carry a dismal prognosis. While chemotherapy is the frontline standard, there is emerging interest in the study of immunotherapies for paediatric patients with relapsed/refractory disease. There is limited data to support whether immunotherapies will be of utility in this patient population. Methods: Six paediatric patients (median age:16 years, range: 12–17 at the time of treatment) with advanced hepatocellular neosplams, either conventional hepatocellular or fibrolamellar carcinoma, were treated with immunotherapy. Patients were consented to institutional genomic profiling and biobanking protocols. Baseline samples and serial tissue samples, when available, were evaluated for somatic mutation rate, actionable gene mutations, and pan-immune bulk RNA expression profiling. Results were correlated with clinical course. Findings: Three patients responded to checkpoint inhibition: one achieved a complete, durable response and the other two, prolonged stable disease. Three additional patients progressed. Diagnostic tissue from the complete responder demonstrated a higher relative mutational burden and robust immune infiltrate. Pre-treatment samples from the three responders demonstrated decreased expression of genes associated with T-cell dysfunction. Interpretation: A subset of patients with primary paediatric hepatocellular tumours will respond to immunotherapy. Immunotherapies are currently under prospective study for relapsed/refractory liver tumours in paediatric patients. Results from this report support the prospective collection of serial serum and tissue samples which may further identify genomic and immunophenotypic patterns predictive of response. Funding: This work was supported by Philanthropic funds (Pan Mass Challenge, Team Angus and Team Perspective).

IntroductionPositive Mental Health (PMH) plays a pivotal role in the promoting of mental health. Assessing this phenomenon is essential for early recognition and intervention in mental health. To date, only one tool was validated with 39 items to assess PMH among Portuguese young adults.MethodThis study sought to examine the psychometric properties of the short version of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ) among Portuguese university students. The PMHQ Short Form was administered to a sample of 3,647 university students via an online platform. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. The principal factor solution was employed because some items showed higher levels of kurtosis. Multivariate analysis was tested using the Mardia’s Test, Henze-Zirkler, and Royston. Findings of content, construct validity tests, and Cronbach’s alfa demonstrated the satisfactory validity and suitable reliability of the PMHQ-Short Form (PMHQ-SF).Results and discussionThe exploratory factor analysis produced six dimensions of the PMHQ-SF with three items in each factor demonstrating adequate internal reliability. The global internal consistency was 0.92, with factors ranging between 0.60 to 0.82. The results suggest that the PMHQ-SF is reliable, easier, and more practical to complete by university students due to the shortening of the number of items. The PMHQ-SF is useful for assessing positive mental health in young adults. The final version of the instrument contains from 32 to 18 items.