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Background: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) prevalence in children with gastroparesis (Gp) and/or functional dyspepsia (FD) is unknown. We aimed to identify ARFID prevalence and trajectory over 2 months in children with Gp, FD, and healthy children (HC) using two screening questionnaires. We also explored the frequency of a positive ARFID screen between those with/without delayed gastric emptying or abnormal fundic accommodation. Methods: In this prospective longitudinal study conducted at an urban tertiary care hospital, patients ages 10–17 years with Gp or FD and age‐ and gender‐matched HC completed two validated ARFID screening tools at baseline and 2‐month follow‐up: the Nine Item ARFID Screen (NIAS) and the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview‐ARFID Questionnaire (PARDI‐AR‐Q). Gastric retention and fundic accommodation (for Gp and FD) were determined from gastric emptying scintigraphy. Key Results: At baseline, the proportion of children screening positive for ARFID on the NIAS versus PARDI‐AR‐Q was Gp: 48.5% versus 63.6%, FD: 66.7% versus 65.2%, HC: 15.3% versus 9.7%, respectively; p < 0.0001 across groups. Of children who screened positive at baseline and participated in the follow‐up, 71.9% and 53.3% were positive 2 months later (NIAS versus PARDI‐AR‐Q, respectively). A positive ARFID screen in Gp or FD was not related to the presence/absence of delayed gastric retention or abnormal fundic accommodation. Conclusions & Inferences: ARFID detected from screening questionnaires is highly prevalent among children with Gp and FD and persists for at least 2 months in a substantial proportion of children. Children with these disorders should be screened for ARFID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical guidelines can assist in the management of asthma. Decision support systems (DSSs) can enhance adherence to clinical guidelines but tend not to provide clinicians with cues for behavioral change [...]

The 'Partners in School Asthma Management' program for inner-city elementary school children comprises (1) case finding; (2) linkage of school nurses, parents, and clinicians; (3) a computer-based tailored educational program; and (4) school environmental assessment and intervention. Case finding identified 1730 children in 60 elementary schools with probable asthma; 835 (96% Hispanic or African American)joined the study. Baseline, posttest, and follow-up measures of asthma knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-management behavior were obtained from the children, and data on symptoms, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations were obtained from their parents. The schools provided data on grades and absences. Each school had a baseline and follow-up environmental assessment. The children in the intervention group showed greater increases in knowledge, self-efficacy, and some aspects of self-management. No differences between groups were found in health status variables, school performance, attendance, or levels of environmental allergens in schools. In 15 schools, an enhanced intervention allowed children and their parents to meet with a project physician, develop an asthma action plan, and receive a 1-month supply of medication; the project physician then followed up with the child's community physician. Children participating in this enhanced intervention had better school performance and fewer absences than the comparison group. Overall, the program was effective in improving children's asthma self-management but not in improving their health status. While the case-finding, computer-based self-management training program and linkage system were successfully implemented, the program failed in creating needed changes in the medical (action plans by community physicians) and physical environments (reduced school allergen levels) of the children., INTRODUCTION Asthma is a common chronic disease in childhood, and efforts to improve care and control (because of its high rates of morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures) are a [...]

One hundred and ninety-nine patients and their primary caregivers at two metropolitan cystic fibrosis centers participated in a clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a health education program designed to help improve self-management skills for the care of CF. The baseline data from the study was used to test a structural model that hypothesized the relationship between educational, behavioral, and health status variables. Controlling for the effects of all other variables, including demographic, self-efficacy (confidence in being able to perform a behavior) was the most important educational factor predicting self-management behavior for monitoring and treating respiratory problems. Knowledge about the management of CF was only related to the ability of caretakers to apply coping skills to problems associated with CF. The more caretakers reported performing monitoring behaviors the more likely they were to report performing self-management treatment behaviors. The findings suggest that educational interventions that focus on increased knowledge alone are not likely to be effective in improving self-management behavior for CF. Based on the structural model analyses, it is recommended that educational programs for CF patients and families address increased self-efficacy and improved monitoring skills to influence the improvement of self-management treatment for CF.