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This paper employs Stephanie Paterson’s empathic policy analysis framework to explore the discursive construction of emotional resilience. The research conducted for the paper focuses on Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese’s notion of emotional resilience during a press conference he delivered on October 15, 2023, in the context of the Voice referendum. Mr. Albanese discursively frames the concept of emotional resilience as emotional stability that builds the community’s resistance to crisis situations, enables progress, and avoids division. The study identifies two emotional discourses influencing this portrayal of emotional resilience: (1) a discourse of emotional stability among opponents of the Voice referendum and (2) a discourse of emotional stability among supporters of the referendum. The article analyzes the assumptions underlying this representation and the silences—that which has been left unspoken or implied—associated with it.

Effective UV protection is a key aspect of substrates directly exposed to UV radiation. Therefore, in the present study, fibrous substrates of core–shell morphology (PCL-core, PVP-shell) containing peptides based on tryptophan, tyrosine and cysteine (W6, YYC2 and YYC3) were prepared. Spectrophotometric studies showed UV absorption by peptides containing tyrosine and tryptophan in the UVB (up to 80%) and UVA (up to 40%) ranges. Cysteine, in turn, contributed to high antioxidant properties, confirmed by DPPH assay. The presence of peptides contributed to a nonwoven fabric characterized by the ability to absorb UV radiation and prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress (caused by the presence of free radicals). In turn, the increase in the surface zeta potential of the nonwoven after UV irradiation and higher thermal stability (demonstrated by DSC studies) indicated the crosslinking of the PVP layer under UVR, which further contributes to the increased protection of the nonwoven against its effects. In summary, obtained nonwoven exhibited functional similarity to the native cornea, providing a potential solution for enhancing corneal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

Introduction: Apart from pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological strategies including physical activity play a significant role in the management of asthma. The aim of this paper is to examine various topics related to swimming and asthma. They include the detailed effect of swimming on asthma control,the potential role of swimming in early childhood asthma development, exercise induced asthma in swimmers as well as the relationship between asthma and cold water swimming. Review methods: This article is based on the literature found in the PubMed Database from the period of 1971-2024 with the use of keywords such as “asthma”, “swimming”, “cold water swimming”, “exercise induced asthma”, “childhood asthma” Description of the state of knowledge: Swimming is a safe form of physical activity for asthma patients.Swimming training enhances aerobic capacity, reduces exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and improves lung function in both pediatric and adult patients. However, there is a concern regarding indoor swimming pools that chlorine can potentially induce airway inflammation. There is research suggesting that early life swimming pool exposure may contribute to the asthma development in atopic children. There is some premise to the thought that cold water swimming may help alleviate asthma symptoms, but it also carries many risks.Swimming is a major cause of exercise induced asthma in professional athletes. Conclusions: Alongside appropriate pharmacological treatment, swimming is a valuable strategy in asthma management in both pediatric and adult asthma patients. The risks of chlorinating pools are still not known to outweigh the benefits of swimming for asthmatics. Further research should be carried out on safety of early swimming in atopic children. Cold water swimming should also be evaluated in terms of safety and potential benefits for asthma patients.

Riverine lakes are a distinct lake type found in geographic regions of Europe shaped by glacial processes. Knowledge concerning their macroinvertebrate communities is scarce and hampers the development of type-specific assessment methods as demanded by the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD). We compared macroinvertebrate community composition between near-natural riverine lakes and three other types of near-natural lowland lakes to test if communities differ among types. Moreover, we quantified how macroinvertebrate communities from riverine lakes change along a degradation gradient as the basis for developing ecological status classes. Results showed that macroinvertebrate communities significantly differed between riverine and other lowland lake types. The indicator taxa characteristic for near-natural riverine lakes were significantly correlated with environmental characteristics, i.e., comparatively low maximum water depths and high %macrophyte and xylal habitats. Macroinvertebrate communities differed in their taxonomic composition between riverine lake degradation classes, with significant indicator taxa identified for these. We provided empirical evidence that riverine lakes harbour a distinct littoral macroinvertebrate community and recommend establishing riverine lakes as a separate lake type in the Central Plains ecoregion in national typologies for biotic assessments in compliance with the WFD.

Introduction: Eating disorders are potentially mortal health conditions affecting mostly young people. The reasons for that in general population are connected to vulnerable self-image, following the current beauty standards and co-existing psychiatric comorbidities. Athletes may be in danger of developing a pathological eating pattern due to sport specific reasons such as higher scores related to thinner body. Aim of study: The main aim of the study was to examine the relationship between eating disorders in professional athletes’ population, evaluate causes and risk factors and to assess health consequences to eating disorder in sport. Materials and methods: This article is based on the literature found in PubMed and Google Scholar Database with the use of keywords such as ”eating disorders”, “sport”, “athletes”, “anorexia nervosa in athletes”, “eating disorders in sport”, “disordered eating in sportsmen”, “female athletes”, “bulimia nervosa”, “binge eating”, “ED and sport”, “mental health and sport”, “consequences of eating disorders”, “sport education”. Results: Investigation of available literature revealed the connection between developing eating disorder in professional athlete sample. The reasons behind it are mostly sports’ oriented and connected to the desire to achieve better results and perfectionism. However, developing an eating disorder results in worse sports’ performance, menstrual irregularity, lower bone mineral density, cardiovascular issues and can be potentially mortal. Conclusion: Athletes are in danger of developing eating disorders. There should be a focus on evaluating people in sport in terms of eating patterns, however available questionnaires are inefficient because players tend to underreport their problems. Coaches and families of the athletes need to be educated in the topic as they can recognize dangerous behaviors first.

Introduction and purpose: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a well-known component of a nutritionally balanced diet. There is a wealth of evidence demonstrating that the ingestion of these substances enhances health, as they are involved in a multitude of metabolic processes that are essential for cellular functionality. However, the contemporary Western diet is distinguished by a reduction in the consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The objective of this review is to present the potential therapeutic efficacy of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in the most common inflammatory skin disorders, such as acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris. State of knowledge: Acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris differ in terms of their pathophysiology. However, they are all characterised by underlying inflammatory processes. Omega-3 fatty acids have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties. They are capable of modulating both the innate and the adaptive immune responses, thereby alleviating the symptoms of the aforementioned skin disorders. Summary: Given the pluripotent anti-inflammatory qualities of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, it is reasonable to conclude that they have the potential to become an effective therapeutic tool in the management of inflammatory skin diseases.

Introduction: Chronotype reflects an individual's preference for activity and rest within a 24-hour period, governed by the internal circadian clock system located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. There are three chronotypes: Morning, Evening, and Intermediate. The evening type is also called “night owls” or late chronotype. Night owls prefer to be active in the evening and sleep and wake up late. The misalignment between the sleep patterns in late chronotype and the social schedules puts the night owls in danger of physical and mental health issues. Purpose of work: The primary aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the impact of late chronotype on health. Methods and materials: A review of the literature available in the PubMed database, the following keywords and their combinations were searched: "chronotype", “mental health", "cancer", “late chronotype”, “circadian rhythm”, “type 2 diabetes”, “depression”. State of knowledge: Studies have confirmed that late chronotype is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer, alcohol and cigarette addiction, and unhealthy eating habits. Furthermore, the evening chronotype is an independent risk factor for depression. It is also linked with anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Summary: In this review, we have summarized the latest research on late chronotype, circadian misalignment, and their potential consequences on human health. Most studies on evening chronotype and related health issues are cross-sectional. Further longitudinal or experimental research is needed to examine the potential cause-and-effect relationships on this cause.

Introduction and purpose: Nutrition plays an important role in the lives of young athletes. A well-balanced diet is crucial not only for their sports performance, but also for their proper growth and optimal health. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dietary intake of the School of Sports Championship students. A brief description of the state of knowledge: When compared to the nutritional needs of regular teenagers, young athletes have higher caloric requirements. They need to follow precise meal scheduling, must maintain proper hydration, and sometimes need to use dietary supplements. Moreover, adolescent athletes, especially females, have a higher risk of athlete triad, anemia, or eating disorders. In addition, young athletes seem to be unaware of the importance of their diet and how it directly affects their overall health and athletic performance. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the dietary choices of young athletes significantly affect their sports performance. We found a correlations between the duration of trainings and the intake of sequentially: protein, fiber, and vitamin D. Also, we discovered that female athletes consume less vitamin D and iron compared to male athletes, which may lead to a dangerous health implications, including anemia or the female athlete triad. However, there is a need for more prospective randomized clinical trials conducted on a larger sample size to reach final conclusions.

The ELN gene encodes tropoelastin which is used to generate elastic fibers that insure proper tissue elasticity. Decreased amounts of elastic fibers and/or accumulation of bioactive products of their cleavage, named elastokines, are thought to contribute to aging. Cellular senescence, characterized by a stable proliferation arrest and by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), increases with aging, fostering the onset and progression of age-related diseases and overall aging, and has so far never been linked with elastin. Here, we identified that decrease in ELN either by siRNA in normal human fibroblasts or by knockout in mouse embryonic fibroblasts results in premature senescence. Surprisingly this effect is independent of elastic fiber degradation or elastokines production, but it relies on the rapid increase in HMOX1 after ELN downregulation. Moreover, the induction of HMOX1 depends on p53 and NRF2 transcription factors, and leads to an increase in iron, further mediating ELN downregulation-induced senescence. Screening of iron-dependent DNA and histones demethylases revealed a role for histone PHF8 demethylase in mediating ELN downregulation-induced senescence. Collectively, these results unveil a role for ELN in protecting cells from cellular senescence through a non-canonical mechanism involving a ROS/HMOX1/iron accumulation/PHF8 histone demethylase pathway reprogramming gene expression towards a senescence program.

Acne vulgaris is the most common dermatosis among adolescents, but it can also affect adults. Acne lesions located on the face cause discomfort and lead to impaired quality of life for many patients. Acne is a dermatological condition with multiple causes and clinical manifestations, as well as varying degrees of severity. Dermatological treatment alone does not always bring good therapeutic effects, and occasionally it may result in symptoms of skin irritation. Therefore, using appropriate dermocosmetics is crucial in managing the condition. Dermocosmetics play a potentially important role in minimizing the adverse effects of acne medications, providing a synergistic effect by addressing other acne-causing factors and/or enhancing the efficacy of other treatment modalities, and protecting the skin against the adverse impacts of the exposome. In cases of mild acne, dermocosmetics can be used in monotherapy as an alternative to acne medications or for maintenance therapy. It is also advisable to combine dermocosmetics with topical or systemic therapies to achieve a synergistic effect or to prevent and reduce drug-induced adverse reactions. Dermocosmetics have keratolytic and anti-inflammatory properties, regulate sebum production, and help maintain the balance of the skin’s natural microbiome.

Molecular biology studies of uveal melanoma have resulted in the development of novel immunotherapy approaches including tebentafusp—a T cell–redirecting bispecific fusion protein. More biomarkers are currently being studied. As a result, combined immunotherapy is being developed as well as immunotherapy with bifunctional checkpoint inhibitory T cell engagers and natural killer cells. Current trials cover tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), vaccination with IKKb-matured dendritic cells, or autologous dendritic cells loaded with autologous tumor RNA. Another potential approach to treat UM could be based on T cell receptor engineering rather than antibody modification. Immune-mobilizing monoclonal T cell receptors (TCR) against cancer, called ImmTAC TM molecules, represent such an approach. Moreover, nanomedicine, especially miRNA approaches, are promising for future trials. Finally, theranostic radiopharmaceuticals enabling diagnosis and therapy with the same molecule bring hope to this research.

The article aims to summarise the activity of the “Medical Library Forum” (MLF) – an scholarly journal which has served to share ideas and record the work of medical university libraries and related institutions for over 16 years now. The paper presents three key stages in MLF’s history – from the idea of creating the journal in 2006 and printing the first issue in 2008, through moving the publishing activity from Łódź to Warsaw, to finally introducing the Creative Commons licence to publishing practice. The authors remark on the systematic progress of the journal – constantly bettering the level of publishing and editorial practices and strengthening the journal’s reputation by being indexed on the ministerial list, as well as the ERIH PLUS or DOAJ databases. The article puts emphasis on the journal’s support towards the open access idea, expressed by publishing in the Diamon Open Access model. Further plans for MLF’s future are also presented, such as implementing the Open Journal Systems (OJS) in the publishing process.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) originating from connective tissue rarely affect the lymph nodes. However, involvement of lymph nodes in STS is an important aspect of prognosis and treatment. Currently, there is no consensus on the diagnosis and management of lymph node metastases in STS. The key risk factor for nodal involvement is the histological subtype of sarcoma. Radiological and pathological evaluation seems to be the most effective method of assessing lymph nodes in these neoplasms. Thus, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), which has been shown to be valuable in the management of melanoma or breast cancer, may also be a beneficial diagnostic option in some high-risk STS subtypes. This review summarizes data on the risk factors and clinical characteristics of lymph node involvement in STS. Possible management and therapeutic options are also discussed.

Utworzenie w 1922 roku w Warszawie Państwowego Instytutu Pedagogiki Specjalnej stworzyło możliwość kształcenia nauczycieli szkół specjalnych. Marii Grzegorzewskiej, pierwszej dyrektor Instytutu, zależało na odpowiednim doborze kadry nauczającej, która dawałaby gwarancję kompleksowego przygotowania osób, które chciały pracować z dziećmi z niepełnosprawnościami. Grzegorzewska rekomendując ministerstwu kandydatów na prelegentów kierowała się zasadą, że będą to osoby, które poza wiedzą teoretyczną posiadają także przygotowanie praktyczne i są specjalistami w swej dziedzinie. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie sylwetek czterech wykładowców PIPS-u, którzy wykładali przedmioty związane z kształceniem dzieci z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną: Władysława Sterlinga, Michała Wawrzynowskiego, Haliny Jankowskiej oraz Witolda Łuniewskiego. Podczas pracy nad artykułem wykorzystane zostały metody właściwe dla historii wychowania i nauk społecznych. Opisano w nim dokonania wyżej wymienionych wykładowców, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich pracy w PIPS-ie z wykorzystaniem materiałów zachowanych w Archiwum Państwowym w Warszawie, Oddział w Milanówku. Przedstawiając ich działalność, ukazano jak ważne dla Grzegorzewskiej było posiadanie przez nauczycieli bogatego doświadczenia w pracy z dziećmi i młodzieżą.

BackgroundThere is limited insight into the current disease burden and everyday clinical management of moderate-to- severe AD in Poland, Czechia, Russia, and Turkiye. Therefore, this study aimed to get information-driven insights regarding the current disease burden and clinical management of patients with moderate-to-severe AD with common and differentiating aspects of the patient journey and establish a consensus.MethodsIn this modified 2-round Delphi panel, 133 questions were asked in total to 27 dermatologists. A consensus was achieved when 70% of the panel members strongly agreed or agreed (or strongly disagreed or disagreed) with an item. Statements with

Introduction: Herbal medicine has been growing in popularity over the last few years. One of the most often used herbal remedy is Withania somnifera, more widely known as Ashwagandha Now known for its anti-stress, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-anxiety properties it ranks as a cure-all. However, there is a rising amount of alarming reports regarding its safety. It has been observed that its effects are not always beneficial, and for some patients the risks of taking it may be greater than the promoted benefits. Aim of study: The aim of this paper is to evaluate possible risks connected to Withania Somnifera consumption based on available research articles and case reports. Materials and methods: This article is based on the literature found in the PubMed Database from the period of 2004-2024 with the use of keywords such as “Ashwagandha”; “Withania Somnifera”, “herbal medicine”;”complementary medicine”;“liver injury”; “thyrotoxicosis”; “adrenal insufficiency”;”autoimmune diseases”. Results: The outcomes of all the reviewed studies in this paper indicate that Withania Somnifera might cause a wide range of side effects. They include herb induced liver injury, endocrine complications such as thyrotoxicosis and adrenal insufficiency, acute graft rejection in a kidney transplant recipient and possible contribution to the onset of new autoimmune disease in patient with the history of autoimmune disorders. Conclusion: Further long-term research is needed on the Ashwaghanda’s benefits but particularly on its safety and potential side effects. The common education on the risks of taking herbal supplements should be carried out among health professionals and the rest of the society. Ashwagandha should not be used by patients with liver, endocrine and autoimmune disorders as well as transplant recipients.

Introduction and Purpose: Iron deficiency alongside anaemia is one of the most significant global health concerns with potentially long-lasting implications on child development and health outcomes. The period of infancy represents a crucial phase of central nervous system maturation, rendering infants particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of iron deficiency. It is therefore crucial to pay close attention to this issue. The aim of this review is to elucidate the neurological implications of iron deficiency in infancy and emphasize the necessity of implementing preventive strategies to safeguard child development. State of Knowledge: Iron deficiency in infancy can result in impairments of brain development. Extensive research highlights the influence of this micronutrient on various physiological processes, including the synthesis of neurotransmitters, neuronal metabolism, myelination, synaptogenesis and gene expression. Furthermore, iron deficiency during infancy is associated with adverse developmental outcomes, including cognitive, motor, and socioemotional deficits. Long-term follow-up studies have elucidated the enduring neurological consequences of iron deficiency in infancy, with effects extending into childhood and beyond. Summary: Given that the changes that occur during the infantile period are often irreversible and have long-lasting implications for future development, it is of the utmost importance to prioritize prevention strategies.

Introduction: Matcha, a finely powdered form of green tea, has recently gained global popularity due to its vibrant green color, distinctive taste, and versatile applications in various food products. Despite its promising nutritional profile, matcha has not received significant attention in the academic community compared to traditional green tea. Purpose of work: The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of matcha's biological properties and its potential health benefits. Methods and materials: A review of the literature available in the PubMed database and Google Scholar, the following keywords were searched: "matcha", “catechin", "EGCG", “cognitive function”, “green tea” State of knowledge: Existing studies have demonstrated that matcha exhibits anticancer properties, enhances cognitive function, improves cardio-metabolic health, and modulates the gut microbiome. Moreover, matcha is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Summary: This review summarizes the latest research findings on matcha green tea and its potential health benefits. While animal studies have shown promising results, our knowledge of matcha's effects on human health remains limited. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to fully elucidate its potential health-promoting effects. Therefore, we advocate for continued research into matcha's properties and its integration into dietary practices to promote overall health and well-being.

Introduction: Migraine is one of the most prevalent types of headache and is a subject of many clinical trials. There are various risk factors associated with migraine occurrence, from hormonal and genetic to environmental. It is observed that some migraineurs have specific psychological features- sometimes called as migraine personality. This encouraged researchers to evaluate migraine patients in terms of psychiatric co-existing conditions. Aim of study: The main aim of the study was to examine the relationship between migraine and psychiatric comorbidities, primarily personality disorders. Materials and methods: This article is based on the literature found in PubMed and Google Scholar Database with the use of keywords such as ”migraine”, “headache factors”, “personality disorder”, “migraine personality”, “migraine education”, “borderline personality disorder”, “anxious personality disorder”, “migraine health”, “depression and migraine”, “medication over-use in migraine”, “migraine comorbidities”, “depression”, “anxiety”. Results: Investigation of available literature revealed the connection between migraine and personality disorders. Psychiatric comorbidities worsen the treatment prognosis, are a risk factor of medication overuse and chronic headaches. Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidities are frequent among migraineurs. Clinical evaluation of these patients should be complex and contain psychological and psychiatric analysis, especially in patients resistant to standard treatment.

Introduction and purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinopathy in women, with a prevalence ranging from 10% to 13%. Oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant levels contribute to the development of various diseases, and one of them is polycystic ovary syndrome. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the effects of antioxidant administration in PCOS treatment. A brief description of the state of knowledge: Oxidative stress is an imbalance between increased levels of reactive oxygen species and a decreased efficiency of antioxidant mechanisms, which can potentially cause damage. The harmful effects of free radicals might be neutralized by antioxidants obtained from the diet, such as polyphenols, vitamins C, and E. These compounds improve several aspects of the PCOS pathomechanism, including hormonal imbalance, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and ovarian functionality. Conclusions: The outcomes of all the reviewed studies in this paper indicate that antioxidants such as resveratrol, curcumin, vitamin C and E, N-acetylcysteine, and melatonin have therapeutic potential in the management of PCOS. However, currently antioxidant therapies cannot be recommended in PCOS therapy since there is a need for more prospective randomized clinical trials on a larger sample to establish a long-term effects of antioxidants supplementation in PCOS, the optimal dosage, and finally to assess which antioxidant is the most efficient in PCOS treatment.

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate whether physical activity and the level of body fat are factors reducing the level of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in people with T1DM. Twenty‐five men (27.8 ± 9.4 years old; 178.9 ± 6.9 cm; 80.6 ± 12 kg) and 18 women (28.1 ± 12.5 years old; 162.4 ± 5.5; 63.1 ± 9.9 kg) were divided into four groups based on body fat percentage and level of physical activity (AN—active people with normal body fat; IAN—inactive people with normal body fat; AO—active people with excessive body fat, IAO—inactive people with excessive body fat). The level of cytokines in the blood serum was assessed. The level of IL‐8 was higher (measurable) in inactive men, regardless of adiposity degree and in women, only in the inactive group with normal body fat. IL‐6 was found only in active men with excessive adiposity. In conclusion, the findings from this study allow to indicate that moderate level of physical activity may contribute to a reduction in the development of systemic low‐grade inflammation in patients with T1DM, and thus, may reduce the risk of CVD.

ObjectivesThis study aims to update the understanding of Alopecia Areata (AA) in Poland, Czechia, Russia, and Türkiye, focusing on the disease burden, clinical management, and patient journey. It seeks to establish a consensus on optimal management strategies for AA in these regions.MethodsA modified 2-round Delphi panel was conveyed with 23 Dermatologists (Russia; 4, Türkiye; 7, Poland; 6, and Czechia; 6). The Delphi questionnaire consisted of 61 statements and 43 questions designed to obtain an overall understanding of the perception and acceptance of available information regarding the care of patients with alopecia areata.ResultsThe study revealed that moderate-to-severe AA significantly impacts patients’ and their families’ QoL, consistent with previous studies. AA was found to cause more substantial impairment when additional lesions appeared in visible areas besides the scalp. Work and productivity impairment were notably higher in adults with moderate-to-severe AA. Diagnostic consensus highlighted the importance of skin biopsies and trichoscopy, while the need for more practical severity scoring systems was emphasized. Current treatments, including topical therapies, corticosteroids, and systemic immune modifiers, were deemed insufficient, highlighting the unmet medical need.ConclusionThe Delphi study underscores a significant disease burden and unmet medical needs in patients with moderate-to-severe AA. It highlights the necessity of access to novel treatments and further research to develop more effective therapies with a tolerable safety profile. The findings align with global research, emphasizing the psychosocial impact of AA and the need for standardized, effective treatment protocols.

Obesity and diabetes mellitus epidemics exert a measurable impact on the liver transplant (Ltx) population. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic profile of Ltx recipients and its association with body fat distribution. Adults who underwent de novo elective cadaveric-donor Ltx were eligible. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed based on the adapted International Diabetes Federation, the American Heart Association, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines. We recruited 100 patients with a mean age of 54 years, of whom 70% were men. Overall, 54% met the criteria for MS, most of which comprised new-onset cases. Excessive fat accumulation in liver donors was found to be associated with an increased metabolic risk in liver recipients. Haemoglobin A1C (OR: 8.962, 95% CI: 2.188–84.545, p = 0.013), ferritin (OR: 1.024, 95% CI: 1.005–1.054, p = 0.038), and de novo hypertriglycaeridemia (OR 27.957, 95% CI: 2.626–752.121, p = 0.014) were found to be independently associated with de novo MS. After a step-wise multivariate analysis, only the anthropometric obesity indices were significantly associated with abdominal fat distribution in Ltx recipients. Metabolic complications were common in liver recipients. Both pre- and post-Ltx factors impacted MS development in liver recipients and determined abdominal fat distribution.

In lung cancer patients, two complementary abnormalities were found that can cause disruption of the mitochondrial network: increased fusion and impaired fission, manifested by reduced levels of FIS1, a mitochondrial division regulator, and increased expression of MFN1, a mitochondrial fusion mediator. Immunoexpression studies of MFN1 and FIS1 proteins were performed in serum samples obtained from 47 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 21 controls. In the NSCLC patients, the immunoexpression of the MFN1 protein was significantly higher, and the FIS1 protein level was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.01; p < 0.001; UMW test). Patients with early, operable lung cancer had significantly lower levels of MFN1 immunoexpression compared to patients with advanced, metastatic lung cancer (p < 0.05; UMW test). This suggests that early stages of the disease are characterized by greater fragmentation of damaged mitochondria and apoptosis. In contrast, lower FIS1 protein levels were associated with a worse prognosis. Increased mitochondrial fusion in the blood of lung cancer patients may suggest an increase in protective and repair mechanisms. This opens up questions about why these mechanisms fail in the context of existing advanced cancer disease and is a starting point for further research into why protective mechanisms fail in lung cancer patients.

Gliomas account for 24% of all the primary brain and Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors. These tumors are diverse in cellular origin, genetic profile, and morphology but collectively have one of the most dismal prognoses of all cancers. Work is constantly underway to discover a new effective form of glioma therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be one of them. It involves the local or systemic application of a photosensitive compound—a photosensitizer (PS)—which accumulates in the affected tissues. Photosensitizer molecules absorb light of the appropriate wavelength, initiating the activation processes leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species and the selective destruction of inappropriate cells. Research focusing on the effective use of PDT in glioma therapy is already underway with promising results. In our work, we provide detailed insights into the molecular changes in glioma after photodynamic therapy. We describe a number of molecules that may contribute to the resistance of glioma cells to PDT, such as the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporter G2, glutathione, ferrochelatase, heme oxygenase, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1. We identify molecular targets that can be used to improve the photosensitizer delivery to glioma cells, such as the epithelial growth factor receptor, neuropilin-1, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and neuropeptide Y receptors. We note that PDT can increase the expression of some molecules that reduce the effectiveness of therapy, such as Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glutamate, and nitric oxide. However, the scientific literature lacks clear data on the effects of PDT on many of the molecules described, and the available reports are often contradictory. In our work, we highlight the gaps in this knowledge and point to directions for further research that may enhance the efficacy of PDT in the treatment of glioma.

Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function and poses a significant health challenge among people with diabetes. Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are the backbone of type 2 diabetes treatment. The interplay between SGLT2is and sarcopenia is an area of active research with inconclusive results. This article presents an unexpectedly rapid weight reduction, along with physical performance deterioration, in an elderly patient with type 2 diabetes, which led to treatment discontinuation. A bioelectrical impedance analysis confirmed severe sarcopenia development. Until more data are available, sarcopenia and body composition screening and monitoring may be warranted whenever SGLT2is are prescribed.

Sustainable development is a challenge facing humanity. EU countries not only strive to reach their specific objectives, but they also work collaboratively towards shared goals. There is a need to balance synergies and compromises to address these objectives effectively. When discussing countries' development and people's well-being, one often focuses on socio-economic development. However, it is crucial not to overlook the environmental repercussions and the need to care for the planet. Thus, our article pays attention to the sustainable development objectives of the “planets” group.We analysed upward convergence in the scope of the “Planet” goals, i.e. the analysis of improving the results of Member States and, at the same time, reducing the differences between them. Convergence trends were examined individually for each variable and then for all variables combined (Planet). Our article fills a research gap because, to our knowledge, analyses of the trajectories of achieving individual goals in such a context have not been analysed so far. The results of our study indicate a favourable situation in the case of six out of eight examined variables. Areas in which intensification of activities is necessary for some EU countries are an increase in energy productivity and a reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions of land use. The second stage of the study concerned the development paths of individual countries. The most challenging situation concerns the variable sdg_07_20 (final energy consumption in households per capita). In this case, as many as 12 countries belong to the weak group.

Objectives: This paper reviews the chemical behaviour of glass polyalkenoate (glass-ionomer) dental cements, both conventional and resin-modified, in contact with natural tissues, with the aim of determining whether these materials can be considered to be bioactive. Data: Relevant papers describing the behaviour of bioactive glasses and ceramics, and glass-ionomer (glass polyalkenoate) cements have been identified using PubMed and Science Direct. This has allowed a comparison to be made between the behaviour of glass-ionomers and the speciality glasses and ceramics that are widely classified as bioactive, a designation considered valid for over fifty years. More recent papers concerning bioactive metals and polymers have also been studied and both in vitro and in vivo studies are included. Sources: Have included general papers on the chemistry and biological behaviour of bioactive glasses and ceramics, as well as papers on glass-ionomers dealing with (i) ion release, (ii) bonding to the surface of teeth, (iii) influence on surrounding pH and (iv) interaction with bone. Conclusion: The literature shows that glass-ionomers (glass polyalkenoates) have three types of behaviour that are similar to those of bioactive glasses as follows: Formation of direct bonds to living tissue (teeth and bones) without fibrous capsule; release of biologically beneficial ions; and change of the local pH. However, in in vitro tests, they do not cause calcium phosphate to precipitate from solutions of simulated body fluid, SBF. Despite this, studies show that, in patients, glass-ionomers interact chemically with hard tissues and this suggests that may indeed be considered bioactive.

Among the biotic factors that limit plant growth, population size, and reproduction, there is a mass appearance of microscopic parasitic fungi. The aim of the study was to determine the spectrum of the microfungi and the degree of leaf surface infection in the ragwort Senecio umbrosus , i.e., one of the Polish red data book species. In 2014–2016, studies on the diversity and dynamics of microfungi were carried out within its population on White Mt, southeastern Poland, where it grows in xerothermic habitats. During three seasons (6 collection series between May and October), 15 microfungal species were identified in total (1–9 species per one collection date, 9 species in each season). Only Coleosporium tussilaginis was present in all study dates, and it accounted for 30–100% of all records of the microfungi. Three hyperparasites were also identified on C. tussilaginis : Cladosporium uredinicola, Ramularia coleosporii , and Alternaria sp. The other taxa were found five ( Boeremia exigua, Leptosphaeria ogilviensis ), four ( Alternaria sp.), or three times ( Ascochyta compositarum, Periconia cookei ), but the majority of the microfungi were noted twice or only once, depending on meteorological conditions in a given growing season. Among common species of microfungi, we collected Ascochyta compositarum , which is a new species for Poland. Additionally, we found new fungus/host plant combinations for C. tussilaginis .