Author: "Cyril Moulin" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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89 results on '"Cyril Moulin"'

1. Lipoprotein DolP supports proper folding of BamA in the bacterial outer membrane promoting fitness upon envelope stress

Author: David Ranava, Yiying Yang, Luis Orenday-Tapia, François Rousset, Catherine Turlan, Violette Morales, Lun Cui, Cyril Moulin, Carine Froment, Gladys Munoz, Jérôme Rech, Julien Marcoux, Anne Caumont-Sarcos, Cécile Albenne, David Bikard, and Raffaele Ieva
Subjects: Envelope stress, Outer membrane biogenesis, BAM, OMPs, DolP, YraP, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: In Proteobacteria, integral outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are crucial for the maintenance of the envelope permeability barrier to some antibiotics and detergents. In Enterobacteria, envelope stress caused by unfolded OMPs activates the sigmaE (σE) transcriptional response. σE upregulates OMP biogenesis factors, including the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) that catalyses OMP folding. Here we report that DolP (formerly YraP), a σE-upregulated and poorly understood outer membrane lipoprotein, is crucial for fitness in cells that undergo envelope stress. We demonstrate that DolP interacts with the BAM complex by associating with outer membrane-assembled BamA. We provide evidence that DolP is important for proper folding of BamA that overaccumulates in the outer membrane, thus supporting OMP biogenesis and envelope integrity. Notably, mid-cell recruitment of DolP had been linked to regulation of septal peptidoglycan remodelling by an unknown mechanism. We now reveal that, during envelope stress, DolP loses its association with the mid-cell, thereby suggesting a mechanistic link between envelope stress caused by impaired OMP biogenesis and the regulation of a late step of cell division.
Published: 2021
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2. Transmembrane Coordination of Preprotein Recognition and Motor Coupling by the Mitochondrial Presequence Receptor Tim50

Author: Anne Caumont-Sarcos, Cyril Moulin, Lucyle Poinot, Bernard Guiard, Martin van der Laan, and Raffaele Ieva
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Summary: Mitochondrial preproteins contain amino-terminal presequences directing them to the presequence translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM23 complex). Depending on additional downstream import signals, TIM23 either inserts preproteins into the inner membrane or translocates them into the matrix. Matrix import requires the coupling of the presequence translocase-associated motor (PAM) to TIM23. The molecular mechanisms coordinating preprotein recognition by TIM23 in the intermembrane space (IMS) with PAM activation in the matrix are unknown. Here we show that subsequent to presequence recognition in the IMS, the Tim50 matrix domain facilitates the recruitment of the coupling factor Pam17. Next, the IMS domain of Tim50 promotes PAM recruitment to TIM23. Finally, the Tim50 transmembrane segment stimulates the matrix-directed import-driving force exerted by PAM. We propose that recognition of preprotein segments in the IMS and transfer of signal information across the inner membrane by Tim50 determine import motor activation. : Caumont-Sarcos et al. report a transmembrane coordination mechanism that promotes import of presequence-containing preproteins into mitochondria. The presequence translocase subunit Tim50 links the preprotein receptor function on the cis side of the mitochondrial inner membrane to functional activation of the import motor on the trans side. Keywords: mitochondria, preprotein import, presequence translocase, import motor, TIM23, Tim50, mitochondrial Hsp70, Pam17
Published: 2020
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3. Integrating Biogeochemistry and Ecology Into Ocean Data Assimilation Systems

Author: Pierre Brasseur, Nicolas Gruber, Rosa Barciela, Keith Brander, Maéva Doron, Abdelali El Moussaoui, Alister J. Hobday, Martin Huret, Anne-Sophie Kremeur, Patrick Lehodey, Richard Matear, Cyril Moulin, Raghu Murtugudde, Inna Senina, and Einar Svendsen
Subjects: GODAE, ocean biogeochemistry, biogeochemical models, data assimilation, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract: Monitoring and predicting the biogeochemical state of the ocean and marine ecosystems is an important application of operational oceanography that needs to be expanded. The accurate depiction of the ocean’s physical environment enabled by Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) systems, in both real-time and reanalysis modes, is already valuable for various applications, such as the fishing industry and fisheries management. However, most of these applications require accurate estimates of both physical and biogeochemical ocean conditions over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. In this paper, we discuss recent developments that enable the coupling new biogeochemical models and assimilation components with the existing GODAE systems, and we examine the potential of such systems in several areas of interest: phytoplankton biomass monitoring in open oceans, ocean carbon cycle monitoring and assessment, marine ecosystem management at seasonal and longer time scales, and downscaling in coastal areas. A number of key requirements and research priorities are then identified for the future. The GODAE systems will need to improve their representation of physical variables that currently are not yet considered essential, such as upper-ocean vertical fluxes that are critically important to biological activity. Further, the observing systems will need to be expanded in terms of in situ platforms (with intensified deployments of sensors for O2 and chlorophyll, and inclusion of new sensors for nutrients, zooplankton, micronekton biomass, and others), satellite missions (e.g., hyperspectral instruments for ocean color, light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems for mixed-layer depths, wide-swath altimeters for coastal sea levels), and improved methods to assimilate these new measurements.
Published: 2009

4. Previsibility of Saharan dust events using the CHIMERE-DUST transport model

Author: Laurent Menut, Isabelle Chiapello, Cyril Moulin, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Lille, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Surface wind speed, Convection, Meteorology, Mode (statistics), Mineral dust, Atmospheric sciences, Wind speed, AERONET, Geography, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Satellite, Shear velocity, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract: International audience; The previsibility of Northern Africa dust events is quantified using daily numerical forecast simulations for the next three days. The dust concentrations fields, modeled by CHIMERE-DUST, are first evaluate by comparisons to AERONET surface data, OMI and MSG Seviri satellite measurements. The accuracy and spread between measurements and model are discussed focussing on the first short observation period of the AMMA experiment in western Africa, with a simulation period ranging from January to March 2006. Second, the previsibility of dust is estimated by comparing model results for different leads in a forecats mode. The model skill is evaluate in term of capability to forecast (i) the surface wind speed (the key process for dust emissions), (ii) the dust emissions (depending on the wind speed as well as numerous others uncertain parameters, including threshold values on the friction velocity) and (iii) the transport of aerosols from source to remote areas (depending of horizontal transport, convection etc.). It is shown that emissions forecast can vary up to 80% (close to the sources) and that final forecasted dust concentrations and relative optical thickness do not exceed 40% and 20% in forecast variability.
Published: 2023

5. Inverse Method for the Retrieval of Ocean Vertical Profiles using Self Organizing Maps and Hidden Markov Models - Application on Ocean Colour Satellite Image Inversion.

Author: Anastase Alexandre Charantonis, Julien Brajard, Cyril Moulin, Bardan Fouad, and Sylvie Thiria
Published: 2011

6. Neuro-variational inversion of ocean color imagery.

Author: Cédric Jamet, Sylvie Thiria, Cyril Moulin, and Michel Crépon
Published: 2003
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7. Author response: Lipoprotein DolP supports proper folding of BamA in the bacterial outer membrane promoting fitness upon envelope stress

Author: Raffaele Ieva, Carine Froment, Lun Cui, Anne Caumont-Sarcos, Cécile Albenne, David Bikard, Cyril Moulin, Yiying Yang, Violette Morales, David Ranava, Gladys Munoz, Jérôme Rech, Julien Marcoux, Luis Orenday-Tapia, Catherine Turlan, and François Rousset
Subjects: Stress (mechanics), Folding (chemistry), Chemistry, Bama, Biophysics, Bacterial outer membrane, Envelope (waves), Lipoprotein
Published: 2021

8. Lipoprotein DolP supports proper folding of BamA in the bacterial outer membrane promoting fitness upon envelope stress

Author: Cyril Moulin, Yiying Yang, Violette Morales, Jérôme Rech, Gladys Munoz, Cécile Albenne, David Ranava, Raffaele Ieva, David Bikard, Lun Cui, Julien Marcoux, Anne Caumont-Sarcos, Catherine Turlan, François Rousset, Luis Orenday-Tapia, Carine Froment, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100 (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie de Synthèse - Synthetic biology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Further financial support was provided by: the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale to DR, the Chinese Scholarship Council as part of a joint international PhD program with Toulouse University Paul Sabatier to YY, the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research to LO-T, the Ecole Normale Supérieure to FR, the European Research Council (Europe Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, grant agreement No 677823), the French governmental Investissement d'Avenir program and the Laboratoire d’Excellence ‘Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases’ (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) to DB, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the ATIP-Avenir program to RI., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), European Project: 677823,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,CRISPAIR(2016), Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires (LMGM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Protein Folding, Cell division, QH301-705.5, Lipoproteins, Science, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Bama, Escherichia coli, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Biology (General), 030304 developmental biology, Envelope (waves), 0303 health sciences, Microbiology and Infectious Disease, BAM, General Immunology and Microbiology, Chemistry, Outer membrane biogenesis, General Neuroscience, Escherichia coli Proteins, E. coli, Envelope stress, General Medicine, DolP, bacterial infections and mycoses, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, YraP, Cell biology, Folding (chemistry), Bacterial Outer Membrane, bacteria, Medicine, Peptidoglycan, Genetic Fitness, Bacterial outer membrane, OMPs, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biogenesis, Lipoprotein, Research Article, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Abstract: In Proteobacteria, integral outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are crucial for the maintenance of the envelope permeability barrier to some antibiotics and detergents. In Enterobacteria, envelope stress caused by unfolded OMPs activates the sigmaE (σE) transcriptional response. σE upregulates OMP biogenesis factors, including the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) that catalyses OMP folding. Here we report that DolP (formerly YraP), a σE-upregulated and poorly understood outer membrane lipoprotein, is crucial for fitness in cells that undergo envelope stress. We demonstrate that DolP interacts with the BAM complex by associating with outer membrane-assembled BamA. We provide evidence that DolP is important for proper folding of BamA that overaccumulates in the outer membrane, thus supporting OMP biogenesis and envelope integrity. Notably, mid-cell recruitment of DolP had been linked to regulation of septal peptidoglycan remodelling by an unknown mechanism. We now reveal that, during envelope stress, DolP loses its association with the mid-cell, thereby suggesting a mechanistic link between envelope stress caused by impaired OMP biogenesis and the regulation of a late step of cell division.
Published: 2021

9. Outer membrane lipoprotein DolP interacts with the BAM complex and promotes fitness during envelope stress response

Author: Yiying Yang, Luis Orenday-Tapia, Gladys Munoz, David Bikard, François Rousset, Cyril Moulin, Anne Caumont-Sarcos, Violette Morales, Cécile Albenne, David Ranava, Raffaele Ieva, Lun Cui, Catherine Turlan, Jérôme Rech, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Cell division, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], food and beverages, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bama, Envelope stress response, Peptidoglycan, Bacterial outer membrane, Biogenesis, 030304 developmental biology, Lipoprotein
Abstract: In Gram-negative bacteria, coordinated remodelling of the outer membrane (OM) and the peptidoglycan is crucial for envelope integrity. Envelope stress caused by unfolded OM proteins (OMPs) activates sigmaE (σE) in Enterobacteria. σE upregulates OMP biogenesis factors, including the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) that catalyzes OMP-folding. Elevated σE activity, however, can be detrimental for OM integrity. Here we report that DolP (YraP), a σE-upregulated OM lipoprotein important for envelope integrity, is a novel interactor of BAM and we demonstrate that OM-assembled BamA is a critical determinant of the BAM-DolP complex. Mid-cell recruitment of DolP had been previously associated to activation of septal peptidoglycan remodelling during cell division, but its role during envelope stress was unknown. We now show that DolP promotes cell fitness upon stress-induced activation of σE and opposes a detrimental effect caused by the overaccumulation of BAM in the OM. During envelope stress, DolP loses its association with the mid-cell, thus suggesting a possible link between envelope stress caused by impaired OMP biogenesis and the regulation of a late step of cell division.
Published: 2020

10. Foreword

Author: Cyril Moulin
Published: 2020

11. A Roadmap for using the UN decade of ocean science for sustainable development in support of science, policy, and action

Author: Anny Cazenave, Jacqueline Uku, Agathe Euzen, M. Araujo, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Cyrille Barnerias, Elva Escobar-Briones, Patricia Ricard, Nathalie Hilmi, Silva Osvaldina, Stéphanie Thiébault, Johanna J. Heymans, Antoine Pebayle, Alexander Turra, Nele Matz-Lück, Lauren S. Mullineaux, Patricia Miloslavich, Julian Barbière, Martin Visbeck, Cameron Diver, Amadou Thierno Gaye, Robert T. Watson, Romain Troublé, Torsten Thiele, Remi Parmentier, Frédéric Ménard, Norma Patricia Muñoz, Cyril Moulin, Joachim Claudet, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Anna Zivian, Laurent Bopp, Denis Bailly, Françoise Gaill, Isabelle Ansorge, Peter M. Haugan, Rodolphe Devillers, William W. L. Cheung, Salvatore Arico, Ricardo S. Santos, Victor Brun, Hans-Otto Pörtner, Chris Bowler, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia (UBC), Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICMYL), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), European Marine Board, Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Ocean Conservancy, Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Laboratoria de Oceanografia Fisica Estuarina e Costeira, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pacific community (SPC), Laboratoire Techniques, Territoires et Sociétés (LATTS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère et de l'Océan Siméon Fongang (LPAO-SF), École Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico] (IPN), The Varda Group, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas (INDP), Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard, Instituto do Mar - Universidade dos Açores (IMAR-UAc), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), Tara Expéditions, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute - KMFRI (KENYA), Plateforme Océan et Climat, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes (LSIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DEAL Martinique, MEDDTL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Musee oceanographique de Monaco, UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, United Nations, media_common.quotation_subject, Climate change, [SDU.STU.OC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Fish stock, 01 natural sciences, Literacy, 12. Responsible consumption, Political science, 11. Sustainability, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, Environmental planning, human well-being, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, policy levers, Sustainable development, transformative actions, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean chemistry, ocean health, sustainability, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Transformative learning, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, Science policy, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, strategy
Abstract: The health of the ocean, central to human well-being, has now reached a critical point. Most fish stocks are overexploited, climate change and increased dissolved carbon dioxide are changing ocean chemistry and disrupting species throughout food webs, and the fundamental capacity of the ocean to regulate the climate has been altered. However, key technical, organizational, and conceptual scientific barriers have prevented the identification of policy levers for sustainability and transformative action. Here, we recommend key strategies to address these challenges, including (1) stronger integration of sciences and (2) ocean-observing systems, (3) improved science-policy interfaces, (4) new partnerships supported by (5) a new ocean-climate finance system, and (6) improved ocean literacy and education to modify social norms and behaviors. Adopting these strategies could help establish ocean science as a key foundation of broader sustainability transformations.
Published: 2020

12. Analysis of the change in mineral dust optical over the Eastern Mediterranean with source location using SEAWIFS imagery.

Author: Tulay Cokacar, Cyril Moulin, Nilgun Kubilay, and Temel Oguz
Published: 2003
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13. Transmembrane Coordination of Preprotein Recognition and Motor Coupling by the Mitochondrial Presequence Receptor Tim50

Author: Raffaele Ieva, Martin van der Laan, Bernard Guiard, Anne Caumont-Sarcos, Cyril Moulin, Lucyle Poinot, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mitochondrion, Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins, Models, Biological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Protein Domains, Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins, Translocase, Inner membrane, Inner mitochondrial membrane, lcsh:QH301-705.5, biology, Chemistry, Molecular Motor Proteins, Cell Membrane, Transmembrane protein, Cell biology, Mitochondria, Coupling (electronics), Transmembrane domain, Protein Transport, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), biology.protein, Intermembrane space, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Summary: Mitochondrial preproteins contain amino-terminal presequences directing them to the presequence translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM23 complex). Depending on additional downstream import signals, TIM23 either inserts preproteins into the inner membrane or translocates them into the matrix. Matrix import requires the coupling of the presequence translocase-associated motor (PAM) to TIM23. The molecular mechanisms coordinating preprotein recognition by TIM23 in the intermembrane space (IMS) with PAM activation in the matrix are unknown. Here we show that subsequent to presequence recognition in the IMS, the Tim50 matrix domain facilitates the recruitment of the coupling factor Pam17. Next, the IMS domain of Tim50 promotes PAM recruitment to TIM23. Finally, the Tim50 transmembrane segment stimulates the matrix-directed import-driving force exerted by PAM. We propose that recognition of preprotein segments in the IMS and transfer of signal information across the inner membrane by Tim50 determine import motor activation. : Caumont-Sarcos et al. report a transmembrane coordination mechanism that promotes import of presequence-containing preproteins into mitochondria. The presequence translocase subunit Tim50 links the preprotein receptor function on the cis side of the mitochondrial inner membrane to functional activation of the import motor on the trans side. Keywords: mitochondria, preprotein import, presequence translocase, import motor, TIM23, Tim50, mitochondrial Hsp70, Pam17
Published: 2019

14. Mitochondrial presequence import: Multiple regulatory knobs fine-tune mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis

Author: Raffaele Ieva, Cyril Moulin, Anne Caumont-Sarcos, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mitochondrion, Mitochondrial Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Inner membrane, Translocase, Animals, Homeostasis, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Organelle Biogenesis, biology, Chemistry, Membrane Transport Proteins, Cell Biology, Cell biology, Mitochondria, Cytosol, Protein Transport, Mitochondrial biogenesis, Mitochondrial matrix, Mitochondrial Membranes, biology.protein, Energy source, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biogenesis
Abstract: Mitochondria are pivotal organelles for cellular signaling and metabolism, and their dysfunction leads to severe cellular stress. About 60-70% of the mitochondrial proteome consists of preproteins synthesized in the cytosol with an amino-terminal cleavable presequence targeting signal. The TIM23 complex transports presequence signals towards the mitochondrial matrix. Ultimately, the mature protein segments are either transported into the matrix or sorted to the inner membrane. To ensure accurate preprotein import into distinct mitochondrial sub-compartments, the TIM23 machinery adopts specific functional conformations and interacts with different partner complexes. Regulatory subunits modulate the translocase dynamics, tailoring the import reaction to the incoming preprotein. The mitochondrial membrane potential and the ATP generated via oxidative phosphorylation are key energy sources in driving the presequence import pathway. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunctions have rapid repercussions on biogenesis. Cellular mechanisms exploit the presequence import pathway to monitor mitochondrial dysfunctions and mount transcriptional and proteostatic responses to restore functionality.
Published: 2019

15. Revisiting the La Niña 1998 phytoplankton blooms in the equatorial Pacific

Author: Olivier Aumont, Yves Dandonneau, Lia O. Slemons, Séverine Alvain, Cyril Moulin, Thomas Gorgues, Marie-Helene Radenac, Christophe E. Menkès, Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Océan du Large et Variabilité Climatique (OLVAC), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Equatorial Pacific, Iron, La Nina, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Grazing pressure, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, 1997-1998, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Blooms, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Tropical instability waves, Plankton, La Niña, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Upwelling, ENSO, Bloom, Thermocline, Model
Abstract: A biogeochemical model of the tropical Pacific has been used to assess the impact of interannual variability in a western Pacific iron source on the iron-limited ecosystem of the central and eastern Pacific during the 1997-1998 El Nino A reference simulation and two simulations with an iron source in the western Pacific have been performed The two "source" simulations differed only in the temporal variability of the iron source. In the variable source simulation, the iron concentration in the source region was proportional to the velocity of the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent (NGCUC) In the constant source simulation, the same time-averaged concentration of iron was imposed with no temporal variability. The variable source was designed to mimic variations of iron flux from the northeast slope of New Guinea to the NGCUC due to modulation of sedimentary iron resuspension as previously hypothesized Through the comparison of these simulations, it appeared that: (i) an iron source in the NGCUC, regardless of its source variability, increases biomass in the eastern equatorial Pacific because of the greater eastward iron flux by the Equatorial Undercurrent and (ii) a variable NGCUC iron source does not change the temporal variability of eastern Pacific chlorophyll, and in particular the timing and intensity of the June 1998 bloom To explain eastern Pacific biological variability, local rather than remote processes are needed, such as wind-driven upwelling, the local depth of the thermocline. tropical instability waves and biological processes such as high grazing pressure. Therefore, while the western Pacific sources of dissolved iron are important in our model to sustain annually integrated equatorial Pacific production, they are unlikely to strongly constrain the timing of blooms in the central and eastern Pacific such as during the 1998 La Nina (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Published: 2010

16. Estimation of the oceanic pCO2 in the North Atlantic from VOS lines in-situ measurements: parameters needed to generate seasonally mean maps

Author: Cédric Jamet, Cyril Moulin, and Nathalie Lefèvre
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, In situ, Estimation, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Scale (map), Longitude, Parametrization, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Interpolation
Abstract: Automated instruments on board Volunteer Observing Ships (VOS) have provided high-frequency pCO2 measurements over basin-wide regions for a decade or so. In order to estimate regional air-sea CO2 fluxes, it is necessary to interpolate between in-situ measurements to obtain maps of the marine pCO2. Such an interpolation remains, however, a difficult task because VOS lines are too distant from each other to capture the high pCO2 variability. Relevant physical parameters available at large scale are thus necessary to serve as a guide to estimate the pCO2 values between the VOS lines. Satellites do not measure pCO2 but they give access to parameters related to the processes that control its variability, such as sea surface temperature (SST). In this paper we developed a method to compute pCO2 maps using satellite data (SST and CHL, the chlorophyll concentration), combined with a climatology of the mixed-layer depth (MLD). Using 15 401 measurements of surface pCO2 acquired in the North Atlantic between UK and Jamaica, between June 1994 and August 1995, we show that the parameterization of pCO2 as a function of SST, CHL and MLD yields more realistic pCO2 values than parameterizations that have been widely used in the past, based on SST, latitude, longitude or SST only. This parameterization was then used to generate seasonal maps of pCO2 over the North Atlantic. Results show that our approach yields the best marine pCO2 estimates, both in terms of absolute accuracy, when compared with an independent data set, and of geographical patterns, when compared to the climatology of Takahashi et al. (2002). This suggests that monitoring the seasonal variability of pCO2 over basin-wide regions is possible, provided that sufficient VOS lines are available.
Published: 2007

17. A species-dependent bio-optical model of case I waters for global ocean color processing

Author: Séverine Alvain, Yves Dandonneau, François-Marie Bréon, Hubert Loisel, Cyril Moulin, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes littoraux et côtiers - UMR 8013 (ELICO), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Ecosystèmes littoraux et côtiers (ELICO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Chlorophyll a, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, télédétection, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, ocean color, remote sensing, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mediterranean sea, groupes fonctionnels, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, couleur de l'océan, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, oceanic primary production, biology.organism_classification, chlorophylle, Diatom, SeaWiFS, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Ocean color, Radiance, Environmental science
Abstract: The PHYSAT method, which enables identification of four different phytoplankton groups from their impact on the normalized water-leaving radiance (nLw) spectra, is applied to coincident in situ measurements of both chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a ) and nLw. Observations show that measurements acquired in waters dominated by haptophytes, diatoms and Synechococcus-like cyanobacteria have optical properties that deviate significantly from the mean OC4V4 bio-optical model, which is currently used as the standard for global ocean color processing. A specific OC4v4-like relationship, i.e., Chl a as a 4th-order polynomial of the “maximum band ratio”, was fitted for each dominant phytoplankton group identified by PHYSAT. The resulting OC4-SD bio-optical model thus starts from a classification of the dominant phytoplankton group, followed by a species-dependent estimate of Chl a . It has been applied to global daily SEAWIFS data of the year 2001. Monthly mean maps of Chl a derived from OC4-SD or OC4v4 show large regional differences that can reach 50% at high latitudes. The new algorithm leads to lower concentrations in regions where the standard model retrievals are known to be too high, such as the Mediterranean Sea. Conversely, higher concentrations are retrieved in regions dominated by diatom blooms, such as the northern North Atlantic in summer, where previous studies have demonstrated a low bias in standard SEAWIFS Chl a .
Published: 2006

18. Use of a Neurovariational Inversion for Retrieving Oceanic and Atmospheric Constituents from Ocean Color Imagery: A Feasibility Study

Author: Cédric Jamet, Michel Crépon, Sylvie Thiria, Cyril Moulin, Laboratoire d'océanographie dynamique et de climatologie (LODYC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Quadratic cost, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Artificial neural network, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Inverse, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Ocean Engineering, Inversion (meteorology), 01 natural sciences, Synthetic data, 010309 optics, Wavelength, 13. Climate action, Ocean color, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Environmental science, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: This paper presents a neurovariational method for inverting satellite ocean-color signals. The method is based on a combination of neural networks and classical variational inversion. The radiative transfer equations are modeled by neural networks whose inputs are the oceanic and atmospheric parameters, and outputs the top of the atmosphere reflectance at several wavelengths. The procedure consists in minimizing a quadratic cost function that is the distance between the satellite-observed reflectance and the computed neural-network reflectance, the control parameters being the oceanic and atmospheric parameters. First, a feasibility experiment using synthetic data is presented to show that chlorophyll-a can be retrieved with an error of 19.7% when the atmospheric parameters are known exactly. Then both atmospheric and oceanic parameters are relaxed. A first guess for the atmospheric parameters was provided by a direct inverse neural network whose inputs are at near-infrared wavelengths. Sensitivity experiments showed that these parameters can be retrieved with an adequate accuracy. An inversion of a composite SeaWiFS image is presented. Optical thickness and chlorophyll-a both give coherent spatial structures when a background term is added to the cost function. Finally, chlorophyll-a retrievals are compared with SeaWiFS product through in situ data. It shows a better estimation of the chlorophyll-a with the neurovariational inversion for the oligotrophic regions.
Published: 2005

19. DMS atmospheric concentrations and sulphate aerosol indirect radiative forcing: a sensitivity study to the DMS source representation and oxidation

Author: Olivier Boucher, Mark Lawrence, Cyril Moulin, M. S. Reddy, Jean Sciare, Chandra Venkataraman, R. von Kuhlmann, Maï Pham, Laurent Bopp, Emmanuel Cosme, Sauveur Belviso, Olivier Aumont, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie dynamique et de climatologie (LODYC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering [Bombay] (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), Correspondant HAL 2, LEGI, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Seasonal-Variation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SPI.MECA.MEFL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Atmosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], 14. Life underwater, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Sulfate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Dimethyl Sulfide, Climate Model, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Sulfur cycle, Radiative forcing, Sulfur Cycle, Global Distributions, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, Bromine Oxide, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Cloud albedo, Environmental science, Dimethyl sulfide, Climate model, Amsterdam-Island, lcsh:Physics, Southern Indian-Ocean, Cloud Albedo
Abstract: PAR00002853; International audience; The global sulphur cycle has been simulated using a general circulation model with a focus on the source and oxidation of atmospheric dimethylsulphide (DMS). The sensitivity of atmospheric DMS to the oceanic DMS climatology, the parameterisation of the sea-air transfer and to the oxidant fields have been studied. The importance of additional oxidation pathways (by O3 in the gas- and aqueous-phases and by BrO in the gas phase) not incorporated in global models has also been evaluated. While three different climatologies of the oceanic DMS concentration produce rather similar global DMS fluxes to the atmosphere at 24-27 Tg S yr -1, there are large differences in the spatial and seasonal distribution. The relative contributions of OH and NO3 radicals to DMS oxidation depends critically on which oxidant fields are prescribed in the model. Oxidation by O3 appears to be significant at high latitudes in both hemispheres. Oxidation by BrO could be significant even for BrO concentrations at sub-pptv levels in the marine boundary layer. The impact of such refinements on the DMS chemistry onto the indirect radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulphate aerosols is also discussed.
Published: 2003

20. Modeled and observed impacts of the 1997-1998 El Niño on nitrate and new production in the equatorial Pacific

Author: Anne Stoens, Cyril Moulin, Yves Dandonneau, Thierry Delcroix, Jérôme Vialard, Christophe E. Menkès, Pierre-Yves Deschamps, Cécile Dupouy, Marie-Helene Radenac, Laboratoire d'océanographie dynamique et de climatologie (LODYC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Soil Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Aquatic Science, Structural basin, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), MODELE, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, EL NINO, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, DONNEES SATELLITE, PRODUCTION BIOLOGIQUE, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean current, Paleontology, Biogeochemistry, Forestry, New production, CHLOROPHYLLE, VARIATION INTERANNUELLE, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, FACTEUR CLIMATIQUE, PLANCTON, Bloom, NITRATE, IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Abstract: The impact of the strong 1997-1998 E1Nifio event on nitrate distribution and new production in the equatorial Pacific is investigated, using a combination of satellite and in situ observations, and an ocean circulation-biogeochemical model. The general circulation model is forced with realistic wind stresses deduced from ERS-1 and ERS-2 scatterometers over the 1993-1998 period. Its outputs are used to drive a biogeochemical model where biology is parameterized as a nitrate sink. We first show that the models capture the essential circulation and biogeochemical equatorial features along with their temporal evolution during the 1997-1998 event, although the modeled variability seems underestimated. In particular, the model fails to reproduce unusual bloom conditions. This is attributed to the simplicity of the biological model. An analysis of the physical mechanisms responsible for the dramatic decrease of the biological equatorial production during E1 Nifio is then proposed. During the growth phase (November 1996 through June 1997), nitrate-poor waters of the western Pacific are advected eastward, and the vertical supply of nitrate is reduced due to nitracline deepening. These processes result in the invasion of the equatorial Pacific by nitrate-poor waters during the mature phase (November 1997 through January 1998). At that time, the central Pacific is nitrate limited and experiences warm pool oligotrophic conditions. As a result, the modeled new production over the equatorial Pacific drops by 40% compared to the mean 1993-1996 values. Then, while E1Nifio conditions are still present at the surface, the nitracline shallows over most of the basin in early 1998. Therefore the strengthening of the trade winds in May 1998 efficiently switches on the nitrate vertical supply over a large part of the equatorial Pacific, leading to a rapid return of high biological production conditions. Strong La Nifia conditions then develop, resulting in a biologically rich tongue extending as far west as 160°E for several months.
Published: 2001

21. A hemispheric dust storm affecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean in April 1994: Analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations

Author: Emin Özsoy, Cyril Moulin, Slobodan Nickovic, and Nilgun Kubilay
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ecology, Atmospheric circulation, Paleontology, Soil Science, Subsidence (atmosphere), Forestry, Storm, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, complex mixtures, Geophysics, Mediterranean sea, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Dust storm, North Atlantic oscillation, Anticyclone, Climatology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Cyclone, Environmental science, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: One of the largest recorded dust transport events originating from the great Sahara desert during April 1994 affected the entire region extending from the Caribbean to the Eurasian continent. This hemispherical transport of airborne dust took place during a series of storms that developed during the first three weeks of April in a background of low-index circulation. These repeated events are studied through the combined analyses and interpretation of atmospheric data, ground-based aerosol measurements, visibility observations, AVHRR and Meteosat visible band satellite data, and the results of Eta model simulations, including an aerosol transport component. The observations produce a consistent picture of the temporal and spatial development of the dust events, whose main features are used in parts to verify the model results. The rate of dust suspension from some areas of the western Sahara desert exceeded 1.5 mg m−2 h−1 and the maximum column integrated dust load reached 2 g m−2 during April 3–5 1994, when the first major suspension event produced two simultaneous pulses of dust moving in opposite directions across the subtropical Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Mediterranean Sea. These dust suspensions were created by surface winds resulting from subsidence on the northeastern side of a blocking anticyclone in the Atlantic region and subsequent winds of an intense developing cyclone in the Mediterranean-African region. In the following period, maximum dust loads of 4.5 and 2.5 g m−2 occurred on April 12 and 17, respectively, when new cyclones transported dust across the Mediterranean from Africa to Europe. The generation of the two dust pulses during the first even and the recurrent cyclone transport in the following period is shown to be the result of a large-scale, anomalous atmospheric circulation connected with blocking in the Atlantic Ocean and the interactions of upper air jets downstream of the blocking. The particular state of the hemispheric circulation during the studied period corresponded to the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). While previous statistical evidence has consistently linked dust transport in the region with the NAO signatures, we show the same connection on the basis of this case study.
Published: 2001

22. Atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery through thick layers of Saharan dust

Author: Viva F. Banzon, Robert Evans, Cyril Moulin, Howard R. Gordon, R. Chomko, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Physics [Coral Gables], University of Miami [Coral Gables], Univeristy of Miami, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Miami
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric correction, Mineral dust, Atmospheric sciences, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Atmosphere, Geophysics, SeaWiFS, 13. Climate action, Dust storm, Ocean color, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; Airborne plumes of desert dust from North Africa are observable all year on satellite images over the Tropical Atlantic. In addition to its radiative impact, it has been suggested that this mineral dust has a substantial influence on the marine productivity. This effect is however difficult to gauge because present atmospheric correction algorithms for ocean color sensors are not capable of handling absorbing mineral dust. We apply a new approach to atmospheric correction in which the atmosphere is removed and the case 1 water properties are derived simultaneously. Analysis of SeaWiFS images acquired off Western Africa during a dust storm demonstrates the efficacy of this approach in terms of increased coverage and more reliable pigment retrievals.
Published: 2001

23. Modeling the atmospheric distribution of mineral aerosol: Comparison with ground measurements and satellite observations for yearly and synoptic timescales over the North Atlantic

Author: Yves Balkanski, Kevin D. Perry, Cyril Moulin, W. Guelle, Béatrice Marticorena, Gilles Bergametti, Michael Schulz, Richard Arimoto, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEMRC/New Mexico State University, 1400 University Drive, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Mineral dust, Tropical Atlantic, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Synoptic scale meteorology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Optical depth, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Aerosol, Plume, Geophysics, Lidar, Deposition (aerosol physics), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology
Abstract: We present here a 3-year simulation (1990 to 1992) of the atmospheric cycle of Saharan dust over the Atlantic with an off-line three-dimensional transport model. The results of the simulation have been compared with selected relevant measurements. Careful attention has been paid to the spatial and temporal consistency between the observations and the model results. Satellite observations of optical thickness and the model show a closely similar latitudinal shift and change of the aerosol plume extent from month to month over 3 years. This is explained by the dominant role of the large-scale transport, well described by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts winds, a sufficiently consistent description of aerosol physics along with a detailed prognostic source function. A feature not captured perfectly by the model is the winter maximum in observed optical depth, which is south of the satellite observation window. This underestimate in the very southern tropical region in winter suggests that additional aerosol sources become important, such as Sahelian dust and carbonaceous aerosols from biomass burning, not included in our simulation. However, spring and autumn simulated optical thickness is 50% less than that observed, while it is only 30% less in summer and winter. This is found for both the subtropical and the tropical Atlantic Ocean, which points to a general underestimate by the model, not just because of aerosol sources missing in the Sahel region. Another seasonal feature is discussed for Sal Island where measurements suggest that low-level dust transport in winter is replaced by a pronounced high-level Saharan dust layer in summer. The model reproduces this pattern except that there is also significant low level transport in summer, associated mainly with peculiar simulated dust transport events from the western Sahara. On a synoptic scale the frequency of dust outbreaks over the North Atlantic and of major dust deposition events in Spain and a dust vertical profile measured by a lidar over the Azores region are reproduced by the model.
Published: 2000

24. An illustration of the transport and deposition of mineral dust onto the eastern Mediterranean

Author: Slobodan Nickovic, Cyril Moulin, Nilgun Kubilay, François Dulac, Middle East Technical University [Ankara] (METU), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Mineral dust, Particulates, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, Atmosphere, Deposition (aerosol physics), Mediterranean sea, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Air mass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: The analyses of aerosol samples and deposition (wet) measurements during August 1991–December 1992 at Erdemli (36°N, 34°E) located on the Turkish coast of the eastern Mediterranean has shown higher dust concentration and total deposition during transitional seasons (spring and autumn) compared to summer and winter seasons. The data, complemented by three-dimensional (3D) air mass back trajectories and satellite observations suggest that North African and Middle East desert derived dust particles are transported to the region during transitional seasons. Transport events in the last part of March 1992 and early October 1992 are studied through combined analyses of ground based and satellite observations and modelling results. It is shown that dust transport constitutes a large fraction of the annual atmospheric deposition in the eastern Mediterranean, with two deposition events of short duration accounting up to 30% of the total annual flux. Therefore, the dissolved and particulate species associated with dust could be extremely variable in the mixing layer during large deposition events and could easily be missed in a short-term sampling program. The possible impact of large pulses on biological productivity of the sea also warrants consideration.
Published: 2000

25. Regression of Radial Artery Wall Hypertrophy and Improvement of Carotid Artery Compliance After Long-Term Antihypertensive Treatment in Elderly Patients 11This study was supported by grants from the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (Grant 494014), Paris; Laboratoires SERVIER; and the European Community (BIOMED), Brussels, Belgium

Author: Giuseppe Mancia, Michel E. Safar, Stéphane Laurent, Xavier Girerd, Cristina Giannattasio, and Cyril Moulin
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Hemodynamics, Essential hypertension, medicine.disease, Surgery, Blood pressure, Hydrochlorothiazide, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, Perindopril, medicine, Cardiology, Chlorthalidone, Common carotid artery, Radial artery, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objectives. The present study was designed to assess whether a diuretic- or an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor–based treatment can reduce arterial wall hypertrophy of a distal muscular medium-sized artery—the radial artery—and the stiffness of a proximal large elastic artery—the common carotid artery.Background. Large-artery wall thickness and stiffness are increased during sustained essential hypertension and contribute to the increased risk of complications. Whether antihypertensive treatment can normalize the wall hypertrophy of conducting arteries has not yet been determined.Methods. Seventy-seven elderly hypertensive patients were randomized to receive 9 months of double-blind treatment with perindopril (2 to 8 mg/day) or the diuretic combination of hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 to 50 mg/day) plus amiloride (1.25 to 5 mg/day) after a 1-month placebo washout period. If systolic blood pressure remained at >160 mm Hg after 5 months, chlorthalidone or atenolol was added, respectively. Arterial variables, including radial artery mass and common carotid artery compliance, were calculated from noninvasive measurements of internal diameter and wall thickness with the use of high resolution echo-tracking systems at baseline and after 5 and 9 months.Results. During treatment, blood pressure and arterial variables changed to the same extent in both groups. After a 9-month treatment, systolic, diastolic and pulse pressures and radial artery wall thickness, mass and thickness/radius ratio decreased significantly (p < 0.01), whereas carotid compliance increased (p < 0.001). The decrease in radial artery thickness/radius ratio after a 9-month treatment was significantly related to the reduction in pulse pressure (p < 0.01), whereas the improvement in carotid compliance was related to the reduction in mean arterial pressure (p < 0.01). In healthy subjects and untreated hypertensive patients, radial artery diameter, wall thickness and thickness/radius ratio and carotid artery compliance did not change significantly during a 9-month observation period.Conclusions. These results indicate that in elderly hypertensive patients, both angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor– and diuretic combination–based treatments can reduce radial artery wall hypertrophy and improve carotid artery compliance.
Published: 1998
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26. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC

Author: John J V, McMurray, Stamatis, Adamopoulos, Stefan D, Anker, Angelo, Auricchio, Michael, Böhm, Kenneth, Dickstein, Volkmar, Falk, Gerasimos, Filippatos, Cândida, Fonseca, Miguel Angel, Gomez-Sanchez, Tiny, Jaarsma, Lars, Køber, Gregory Y H, Lip, Aldo Pietro, Maggioni, Alexander, Parkhomenko, Burkert M, Pieske, Bogdan A, Popescu, Per K, Rønnevik, Frans H, Rutten, Juerg, Schwitter, Petar, Seferovic, Janina, Stepinska, Pedro T, Trindade, Adriaan A, Voors, Faiez, Zannad, Andreas, Zeiher, Jeroen J, Bax, Helmut, Baumgartner, Claudio, Ceconi, Veronica, Dean, Christi, Deaton, Robert, Fagard, Christian, Funck-Brentano, David, Hasdai, Arno, Hoes, Paulus, Kirchhof, Juhani, Knuuti, Philippe, Kolh, Theresa, McDonagh, Cyril, Moulin, Zeljko, Reiner, Udo, Sechtem, Per Anton, Sirnes, Michal, Tendera, Adam, Torbicki, Alec, Vahanian, Stephan, Windecker, Luis Almenar, Bonet, Panayiotis, Avraamides, Hisham A, Ben Lamin, Michele, Brignole, Antonio, Coca, Peter, Cowburn, Henry, Dargie, Perry, Elliott, Frank Arnold, Flachskampf, Guido Francesco, Guida, Suzanna, Hardman, Bernard, Iung, Bela, Merkely, Christian, Mueller, John N, Nanas, Olav Wendelboe, Nielsen, Stein, Orn, John T, Parissis, and Piotr, Ponikowski
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Ejection fraction, Cardiotonic Agents, Heart failure, Ventricular Function, Left, Renin-Angiotensin System, Beta-blockers, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Natriuretic peptides, Antihypertensive Agents, Societies, Medical, Transplantation, Digitalis, business.industry, Stroke Volume, Evidence-based medicine, medicine.disease, Reninangiotensin system, Europe, Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Algorithms
Abstract: The originally published version of this paper was incorrect. In the table on page 1816, the Class of recommendation and Level of evidence for ‘The patient is pacemaker dependent as a result of AV nodal ablation’ should have read ‘IIa’ and ‘B’ respectively. Appendix: six tables ([3][1
Published: 2012

27. 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation

Author: Bernard Prendergast, Christi Deaton, Nawwar Al-Attar, Sabine Ernst, Steen Dalby Kristensen, Carina Blomström-Lundqvist, Lluís Mont, Gregory Lip, Robert Fagard, Cyril Moulin, Dan Atar, Juhani Knuuti, Frans H. Rutten, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Hein Heidbuchel, Christian Funck-Brentano, Panos Vardas, Philippe Kolh, Helmut Baumgartner, Michal Tendera, Magnus Heldal, Isabelle C. Van Gelder, Alec Vahanian, David Hasdai, Veronica Dean, Annalisa Angelini, Johan De Sutter, A. John Camm, Andreas Goette, Per Anton Sirnes, Paulus Kirchhof, Robert Hatala, Paolo Colonna, Ottavio Alfieri, Bogdan A. Popescu, Theresa McDonagh, Claudio Ceconi, Hercules Mavrakis, Željko Reiner, Piotr Ponikowski, Ulrich Schotten, Jeroen J. Bax, Arno W. Hoes, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Raffaele De Caterina, Adam Torbicki, Udo Sechtem, Irene Savelieva, Stefan H. Hohnloser, Gerhard Hindricks, Pasquale Perrone Filardi, Bulent Gorenek, Stephan Windecker, Fysiologie, Cardiologie, and RS: CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases
Subjects: HAS-BLED, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Management of atrial fibrillation, Catheter ablation, Atrial fibrillation, medicine.disease, Cardioversion, Left atrial appendage occlusion, Dronedarone, Internal medicine, cardiovascular system, medicine, Cardiology, cardiovascular diseases, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Atrial flutter, medicine.drug
Abstract: ACCF : American College of Cardiology Foundation ACCP : American College of Chest Physicians ACS : acute coronary syndrome ACT : Atrial arrhythmia Conversion Trial ADONIS : American–Australian–African trial with DronedarONe In atrial fibrillation or flutter for the maintenance of Sinus rhythm AF : atrial fibrillation AHA : American Heart Association ANDROMEDA : ANtiarrhythmic trial with DROnedarone in Moderate-to-severe congestive heart failure Evaluating morbidity DecreAse APHRS : Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society aPTT : activated partial thromboplastin time ARB : angiotensin-receptor blocker ARISTOTLE : Apixaban for Reduction In STroke and Other ThromboemboLic Events in atrial fibrillation ATHENA : A placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel arm Trial to assess the efficacy of dronedarone 400 mg b.i.d. for the prevention of cardiovascular Hospitalization or death from any cause in patiENts with Atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter ATRIA : AnTicoagulation and Risk factors In Atrial fibrillation AVERROES : Apixaban VErsus acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) to Reduce the Rate Of Embolic Stroke in atrial fibrillation patients who have failed or are unsuitable for vitamin K antagonist treatment AVRO : A prospective, randomized, double-blind, Active-controlled, superiority study of Vernakalant vs. amiodarone in Recent Onset atrial fibrillation b.i.d : bis in die (twice daily) b.p.m. : beats per minute CABANA : Catheter ABlation vs . ANtiarrhythmic drug therapy for Atrial fibrillation CABG : coronary artery bypass graft CAP : Continued Access to Protect AF CHA2DS2-VASc : Congestive heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction Hypertension, Age ≥75 (doubled), Diabetes, Stroke (doubled)-Vascular disease, Age 65–74, Sex category (female) CHADS2 : Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75, Diabetes, Stroke (doubled) CI : confidence interval CRAFT : Controlled Randomized Atrial Fibrillation Trial CrCl : creatinine clearance DAFNE : Dronedarone Atrial FibrillatioN study after Electrical cardioversion DIONYSOS : Randomized Double blind trIal to evaluate efficacy and safety of drOnedarone (400 mg b.i.d.) vs . amiodaroNe (600 mg q.d. for 28 daYS, then 200 mg qd thereafter) for at least 6 mOnths for the maintenance of Sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation EAST : Early treatment of Atrial fibrillation for Stroke prevention Trial EHRA : European Heart Rhythm Association ECG : electrocardiogram EMA : European Medicines Agency ERATO : Efficacy and safety of dRonedArone for The cOntrol of ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation EURIDIS : EURopean trial In atrial fibrillation or flutter patients receiving Dronedarone for the maIntenance of Sinus rhythm FAST : atrial Fibrillation catheter Ablation vs . Surgical ablation Treatment FDA : Food and Drug Administration Flec-SL : Flecainide Short-Long trial HAS-BLED : Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/alcohol concomitantly HF-PEF : heart failure with preserved ejection fraction HF-REF : heart failure with reduced ejection fraction HR : hazard ratio HRS : Heart Rhythm Society ICH : intracranial haemorrhage INR : international normalized ratio i.v. : intravenous J-RHYTHM : Japanese RHYTHM management trial for atrial fibrillation LAA : left atrial appendage LoE : level of evidence LVEF : left ventricular ejection fraction MANTRA-PAF : Medical ANtiarrhythmic Treatment or Radiofrequency Ablation in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation NICE : National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence NOAC : novel oral anticoagulant NSAID : non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug NYHA : New York Heart Association OAC : oral anticoagulant or oral anticoagulation o.d. : omni die (every day) PALLAS : Permanent Atrial fibriLLAtion outcome Study using dronedarone on top of standard therapy PCI : percutaneous coronary intervention PREVAIL : Prospective Randomized EVAluation of the LAA closure device In patients with atrial fibrillation v s. Long-term warfarin therapy PROTECT AF : WATCHMAN LAA system for embolic PROTECTion in patients with Atrial Fibrillation PT : prothrombin time RAAFT : Radio frequency Ablation Atrial Fibrillation Trial RE-LY : Randomized Evaluation of Long-term anticoagulant therapY with dabigatran etexilate ROCKET-AF : Rivaroxaban Once daily oral direct factor Xa inhibition Compared with vitamin K antagonism for prevention of stroke and Embolism Trial in atrial fibrillation RRR : relative risk reduction TE : thromboembolism TIA : transient ischaemic attack t.i.d. : ter in die (three times daily) TOE : transoesophageal echocardiogram TTR : time in therapeutic range VKA : vitamin K antagonist Guidelines summarize and evaluate all currently available evidence on a particular issue with the aim of assisting physicians in selecting the best management strategy for an individual patient suffering from a given condition, taking into account the impact on …
Published: 2012

28. Improving the parameters of a global ocean biogeochemical model via variational assimilation of in situ data at five time series stations

Author: Abdou Kane, Fouad Badran, Sylvie Thiria, Olivier Aumont, Mohamed Berrada, Alessandro Tagliabue, Laurent Bopp, Michel Crépon, Cyril Moulin, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences (ACRI-ST), Modélisation et Méthodes Statistiques Avancées (MMSA), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études et de recherche en informatique et communications (CEDRIC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Computation, Soil Science, Climate change, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, 010505 oceanography, Paleontology, Forestry, Optimal control, Data set, Geophysics, SeaWiFS, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Environmental science, Oceanic carbon cycle
Abstract: International audience; The global ocean biogeochemical models that are used in order to assess the ocean role in the global carbon cycle and estimate the impact of the climate change on marine ecosystems are getting more and more sophisticated. They now often account for several phytoplankton functional types that play particular roles in marine food webs and the ocean carbon cycle. These phytoplankton functional types have specific physiological characteristics, which are usually poorly known and therefore add uncertainties to model results. Indeed, this evolution in model complexity is not accompanied by a similar increase in the number and diversity of in situ data sets necessary for model calibration and evaluation. Thus, it is of primary importance to develop new methods to improve model performance using existing biogeochemical data sets, despite their current limitations. In this paper, we have optimized 45 physiological parameters of the PISCES global model, using a variational optimal control method. In order to bypass a global 3-D ocean variational assimilation, which would require enormous computation and memory storage, we have simplified the estimation procedure by assimilating monthly climatological in situ observations at five contrasted oceanographic stations of the JGOFS program in a 1-D version of the PISCES model. We began by estimating the weight matrix in the cost function by using heuristic considerations. Then we used this matrix to estimate the 45 parameters of the 1-D version of the PISCES model by assimilating the different monthly profiles (observed profiles at the five stations) in the same variational procedure on a time window of 1 year. This set of optimized parameters was then used in the standard 3-D global PISCES version to perform a 500 year global simulation. The results of both the standard and the optimized versions of the model were compared to satellite-derived chlorophyll-a images, which are an independent and global data set, showing that our approach leads to significant improvements in simulated surface chlorophyll-a in most of the regions of the world ocean. Besides demonstrating that we have improved the accuracy of the PISCES model, this study proposes a sound methodology that could be used to efficiently account for in situ data in biogeochemical ocean models.
Published: 2011

29. Large-scale shifts in phytoplankton groups in the Equatorial Pacific during ENSO cycles

Author: Cyril Moulin, David Antoine, Séverine Alvain, Alessandro Tagliabue, Laurent Bopp, Italo Masotti, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Life, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Phytoplankton, Dominance (ecology), 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Earth-Surface Processes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, biology.organism_classification, Synechococcus, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, La Niña, Diatom, SeaWiFS, Oceanography, Ocean color, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, lcsh:Ecology, Prochlorococcus
Abstract: The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives important changes in the marine productivity of the Equatorial Pacific, in particular during major El Niño/La Niña transitions. Changes in environmental conditions associated with these climatic events also likely impact phytoplankton composition. In this work, the distribution of four major phytoplankton groups (nanoeucaryotes, Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and diatoms) was examined between 1996 and 2007 by applying the PHYSAT algorithm to the ocean color data archive from the Ocean Color and Temperature Sensor (OCTS) and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). Coincident with the decrease in chlorophyll concentrations, a large-scale shift in the phytoplankton composition of the Equatorial Pacific, that was characterized by a decrease in Synechococcus and an increase in nanoeucaryotes dominance, was observed during the early stages of both the strong El Niño of 1997 and the moderate El Niño of 2006. A significant increase in diatoms dominance was observed in the Equatorial Pacific during the 1998 La Niña and was associated with elevated marine productivity. An analysis of the environmental variables using a coupled physical-biogeochemical model (NEMO-PISCES) suggests that the Synechococcus dominance decrease during the two El Niño events was associated with an abrupt decline in nutrient availability (−0.9 to −2.5 μM NO3 month−1). Alternatively, increased nutrient availability (3 μM NO3 month−1) during the 1998 La Niña resulted in Equatorial Pacific dominance diatom increase. Despite these phytoplankton community shifts, the mean composition is restored after a few months, which suggests resilience in community structure. Such rapid changes to the composition of phytoplankton groups should be considered in future modeling approaches to represent variability of the marine productivity in the Equatorial Pacific and to quantify its potential implications on food-web and on global carbon cycle.
Published: 2010

30. Spatial and temporal variability of the dimethylsulfide to chlorophyll ratio in the surface ocean: an assessment based on phytoplankton group dominance determined from space

Author: Sauveur Belviso, Timothy S. Bates, Séverine Alvain, Philippe D. Tortell, James E. Johnson, Mathieu Mongin, Eric S. Saltzman, Italo Masotti, Christa A. Marandino, Cyril Moulin, Nobue Kasamatsu, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Université de Lille, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, dimethylsulfide, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Life, Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, remote sensing, pixel, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Earth Science, chlorophyll, spatiotemporal analysis, dimethylsulfoniopropionate, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, biology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, enzyme activity, alga, Oceanography, SeaWiFS, assessment method, Ocean color, Prochlorococcus, community structure, coccolith, spatial analysis, metabolite, dominance, satellite imagery, Coccolith, ocean color, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, error analysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, resolution, biology.organism_classification, diatom, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, Diatom, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, phytoplankton, Environmental science, Upwelling, meridional circulation, sea surface, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is produced in surface seawater by phytoplankton. Phytoplankton culture experiments have shown that nanoeucaryotes (NANO) display much higher mean DMSP-to-Carbon or DMSP-to-Chlorophyll (Chl) ratios than Prochlorococcus (PRO), Synechococcus (SYN) or diatoms (DIAT). Moreover, the DMSP-lyase activity of algae which cleaves DMSP into dimethylsulfide (DMS) is even more group specific than DMSP itself. Ship-based observations have shown at limited spatial scales, that sea surface DMS-to-Chl ratios (DMS:Chl) are dependent on the composition of phytoplankton groups. Here we use satellite remote sensing of Chl (from SeaWiFS) and of Phytoplankton Group Dominance (PGD from PHYSAT) with ship-based sea surface DMS concentrations (8 cruises in total) to assess this dependence on an unprecedented spatial scale. PHYSAT provides PGD (either NANO, PRO, SYN, DIAT, Phaeocystis (PHAEO) or coccolithophores (COC)) in each satellite pixel (1/4° horizontal resolution). While there are identification errors in the PHYSAT method, it is important to note that these errors are lowest for NANO PGD which we typify by high DMSP:Chl. In summer, in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, we find that mean DMS:Chl associated with NANO + PHAEO and PRO + SYN + DIAT are 13.6±8.4 mmol g−1 (n=34) and 7.3±4.8 mmol g−1 (n=24), respectively. That is a statistically significant difference (P−1, yet the basins exhibit different PGD (NANO in the Atlantic, PRO and SYN in the Pacific). In tropical and subtropical Atlantic and Pacific waters away from the equatorial and coastal upwelling, mean DMS:Chl associated with high and low DMSP producers are statistically significantly different, but the difference is opposite of that expected from culture experiments. Hence, in a majority of cases PGD is not of primary importance in controlling DMS:Chl variations. We therefore conclude that water-leaving radiance spectra obtained simultaneously from ocean color sensor measurements of Chl concentrations and dominant phytoplankton groups can not be used to predict global fields of DMS.
Published: 2010

31. Predictability of mineral dust concentrations: The African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis first short observation period forecasted with CHIMERE‐DUST

Author: Cyril Moulin, Isabelle Chiapello, Laurent Menut, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Mineral dust, Oceanography, Monsoon, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Predictability, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Ozone Monitoring Instrument, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Aerosol, AERONET, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental science, Satellite
Abstract: International audience; The predictability of northern Africa dust events is assessed using daily numerical forecast simulations for the next 3 days. The dust concentration fields, modeled with the CHIMERE-DUST model, were first evaluated by comparison with both Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) surface data and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) satellite measurements. The accuracy and spread between measurements and simulations are discussed for the first short observation period of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) experiment in western Africa, between January and March 2006. The predictability of dust events was then estimated by comparing model results for different leads in a forecast mode. The model performance was evaluated with respect to its capability to forecast the surface wind speed, which is the key process for dust emission, and the transport of mineral dust near source regions and toward remote areas. It is shown that forecast emissions can vary up to 80% (close to the sources) but that the variability on forecasted dust concentrations and optical thicknesses do not exceed 40% and 20%.
Published: 2009

32. Variation of atmospheric volatile organic compounds over the Southern Indian Ocean (30–49°S)

Author: Cyril Moulin, Séverine Alvain, Valérie Gros, Aurélie Colomb, Jonathan Williams, Roland Sarda-Esteve, T. Klüpfel, Bernard Bonsang, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Chemie der Atmosphäre [MPIC], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Spéciation des Radionucléides et des Molécules (LSRM), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, Fluorescence spectrometry, Context (language use), Subtropics, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Chemical oceanography, Atmosphere, Troposphere, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chemistry (miscellaneous), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Atmospheric chemistry, Phytoplankton, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Environmental context. Oceans represent 70% of the blue planet, and surprisingly, ocean emission in term of volatile organic compounds is poorly understood. The potential climate impacts on a global scale of various trace organic gases have been established, and the terrestrial inputs are well studied, but little is known about which of these can be emitted from oceanic sources. In the present study, atmospheric samples were taken over the Southern Indian Ocean, while crossing some oceanic fronts and different phytoplankton species. Such a study should aid in understanding oceanic emission, especially from phytoplankton, and will help modellers to determine concentrations of organic traces in the remote marine troposphere. Abstract. Considering its size and potential importance, the ocean is poorly characterised in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that play important roles in global atmospheric chemistry. In order to better understand their potential sources and sinks over the Southern Indian Austral Ocean, shipborne measurements of selected species were made during the MANCHOT campaign during December 2004, on board the research vessel Marion Dufresne. Along the transect La Réunion to Kerguelen Island, air measurements of selected VOC (including dimethylsulfide (DMS) isoprene, carbonyls and organohalogens), carbon monoxide and ozone were performed, crossing subtropical, temperate and sub-Antarctic waters as well as pronounced subtropical and sub-Antarctic oceanic fronts. The remote marine boundary layer was characterised at latitudes 45–50°S. Oceanic fronts were associated with enhanced chlorophyll and biological activity in the seawater and elevated DMS and organohalogens in the atmosphere. These were compared with a satellite-derived phytoplankton distribution (PHYSAT). Diurnal variation for isoprene, terpenes, acetone and acetaldehyde was observed, analogously to recent results observed in mesocosm experiments.
Published: 2009

33. Atmospheric correction of SeaWiFS ocean color imagery in the presence of absorbing aerosols off the Indian coast using a neuro-variational method

Author: Sylvie Thiria, Cyril Moulin, Julien Brajard, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Pixel, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Atmospheric correction, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Classification of discontinuities, 01 natural sciences, Plume, Aerosol, 010309 optics, Geophysics, SeaWiFS, Ocean color, 0103 physical sciences, Panache, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents a comparison of the atmospheric correction accuracy between the standard sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) algorithm and the NeuroVaria algorithm for the ocean off the Indian coast in March 1999. NeuroVaria is a general method developed to retrieve aerosol optical properties and water-leaving reflectances for all types of aerosols, including absorbing ones. It has been applied to SeaWiFS images of March 1999, during an episode of transport of absorbing aerosols coming from pollutant sources in India. Water-leaving reflectances and aerosol optical thickness estimated by the two methods were extracted along a transect across the aerosol plume for three days. The comparison showed that NeuroVaria allows the retrieval of oceanic properties in the presence of absorbing aerosols with a better spatial and temporal stability than the standard SeaWiFS algorithm. NeuroVaria was then applied to the available SeaWiFS images over a two-week period. NeuroVaria algorithm retrieves ocean products for a larger number of pixels than the standard one and eliminates most of the discontinuities and artifacts associated with the standard algorithm in presence of absorbing aerosols.
Published: 2008

34. Seasonal distribution and succession of dominant phytoplankton groups in the global ocean: A satellite view

Author: Cyril Moulin, Hubert Loisel, Yves Dandonneau, and Séverine Alvain
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biological pump, Plankton, 16. Peace & justice, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, High-Nutrient, low-chlorophyll, Oceanography, Diatom, SeaWiFS, 13. Climate action, Ocean color, Climatology, Phytoplankton, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Prochlorococcus, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: [1] Phytoplankton plays an important role in the global carbon cycle via the fixation of inorganic carbon during photosynthesis. However, the efficiency of this "biological pump of carbon" strongly depends on the nature of the phytoplankton. Monitoring spatial and temporal variations of the distribution of dominant phytoplankton groups at the global scale is thus of critical importance. Recently, an algorithm has been developed to detect the major dominant phytoplankton groups from anomalies of the marine signal measured by ocean color satellites. This method, called PHYSAT, allows to identify nanoeucaryotes, Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and diatoms. In this paper, PHYSAT has been improved to detect an additional group, named phaeocystis-like, by analyzing specific signal anomalies in the Southern Ocean during winter months. This new version of PHYSAT was then used to process daily global SeaWiFS GAC data between 1998 and 2006. The global distribution of major phytoplankton groups is presented in this study as a monthly climatology of the most frequent phytoplankton group. The contribution of nanoeucaryotes-dominated waters to the global ocean varies from 45 to 70% depending on the season, whereas both diatoms and phaeocystis-like contributions exhibit a stronger seasonal variability mostly due to the large blooms that occur during winter in the Southern Ocean. Three regions of particular interest are also studied in more details: the Southern Ocean, the North Atlantic, and the Equatorial Pacific. The North Atlantic diatom bloom shows a large interannual variability. Large blooms of both diatoms and phaeocystis-like are observed during winter in the Southern Ocean, with a larger contribution from diatoms. Their respective geographical distribution is shown to be tightly related to the depth of the mixed-layer, with diatoms prevailing in stratified waters. Synechococcus and Prochloroccocus prevail in the Equatorial Pacific, but our data show also sporadic diatoms contributions in this region during La. Nina. The observed seasonal cycle and interannual variability of phytoplankton groups in the global ocean suggest that the PHYSAT archive is suitable to study the impact of climate variability on the structure of marine ecosystems.
Published: 2008

35. The climate-environment-society nexus in the Sahara from prehistoric times to the present day

Author: Cyril Moulin, Michel Legrand, Nick Brooks, Nick Drake, Isabelle Chiapello, Savino di Lernia, Joseph M. Prospero, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, Population, Climate change, adaptation, Development, Present day, Mineral dust, 01 natural sciences, Prehistory, 11. Sustainability, 0601 history and archaeology, education, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, climate, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, aridity, sahara, society, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, education.field_of_study, 060102 archaeology, business.industry, Global warming, Environmental resource management, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, Water resources, Geography, 13. Climate action, Political Science and International Relations, business, Nexus (standard)
Abstract: The Sahara is a key region for studies of archaeology, human-environment interaction, global biogeochemical cycles, and global climate change. With a few notable exceptions, the region is the subject of very little international scientific research, a fact that is remarkable given the Sahara's proximity to Europe, the developmental issues facing its growing population, the region's sensitivity to climate change and the Sahara's potential for influencing global climate through the export of airborne mineral dust. This article seeks to address human-environment interaction in the Sahara from an interdisciplinary perspective, focusing on the implications of Saharan environmental variability and change for human populations both within and outside of the region on timescales ranging from decades to millennia. The article starts by addressing past climatic changes and their impacts on human populations, before moving on to consider present day water resources and rainfall variability in their longer-term conte...
Published: 2007

36. Interannual variability of dimethylsulfide in air and seawater and its atmospheric oxidation by-products (methanesulfonate and sulfate) at Dumont d'Urville, coastal Antarctica (1999–2003)

Author: Toru Hirawake, Michel Legrand, Mitsuo Fukuchi, Sauveur Belviso, Susanne Preunkert, Bruno Jourdain, Cyril Moulin, Nobue Kasamatsu, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Chlorophyll a, food.ingredient, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Methanesulfonic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Geochemistry and Petrology, sulfur cycle, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Sulfate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Sea salt, Paleontology, Sulfur cycle, Forestry, Geophysics, SeaWiFS, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental science, Antarctica, Dimethyl sulfide, Seawater, dimethylsulfure
Abstract: International audience; A multiple year-round study of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS) (from December 1998 to April 2003) as well as sulfur-derived aerosols (methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt sulfate) (from March 1991 to February 2003) was conducted at Dumont d'Urville, coastal Antarctica. The three sulfur-derived species exhibit a seasonal cycle characterized by maxima in midsummer (January). Whereas the interannual variability of winter levels remains low, a strong interannual variability is shown in summer, particularly for DMS and MSA, and to a lesser extent for non-sea-salt sulfate. Over the 1998–2003 time period, January 2002 stands out with high values for all sulfur species. These interannual variabilities of atmospheric summer levels are examined in the light of seawater chlorophyll a content derived from Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data (themselves compared to field measurements made south of 60°S), oceanic DMS levels estimated from chlorophyll a SeaWiFS data, and various sea-ice indices.
Published: 2007

37. Improvement of the detection of desert dust over the Sahel using METEOSAT IR imagery

Author: Cyril Moulin, Michel Legrand, P. Francois, A. Alias, G. Vergé-Dépré, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo-France, Université de Lille, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, 0211 other engineering and technologies, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Radiation, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Radiative transfer, Earth Science, lcsh:Science, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, MODTRAN, lcsh:QC801-809, Elevation, Geology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Arid, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Desert dust over the arid regions of Africa is detected using the Infrared Difference Dust Index (IDDI) derived from the thermal infrared (TIR) channel of METEOSAT. However, the comparison with photometric aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of this dust index reveals some discrepancies. Using an instrumented site in Sahel where aerosol properties and meteorological conditions were monitored daily during the dry season, we performed radiative transfer computations with the MODTRAN 4.1 code to develop a method to improve the IDDI usefulness. We found that discrepancies between AOT and IDDI variations mostly come from changes in the surface temperature (Ts), which is an important parameter for radiative transfer computations in the TIR. We show that this temperature varies from day to day with the surface wind speed and during the course of the season with the solar elevation, and that it is possible, for the site considered, to correct Ts from these combined effect using a simple parameterization. We also observe that the dust layer itself has an impact on Ts by reducing the amount of solar radiation at the surface, and that this phenomenon can also be accounted for by adding an AOT-dependence to the above parameterization of Ts. We show that this parameterization allows improving the agreement between the IDDI and the photometric AOT.
Published: 2006

38. Impact of human-induced desertification on the intensification of Sahel dust emission and export over the last decades

Author: Isabelle Chiapello and Cyril Moulin
Subjects: Earth's energy budget, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Climate change, Tropical Atlantic, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Soil retrogression and degradation, parasitic diseases, Trend surface analysis, Water cycle, education, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, 15. Life on land, Geophysics, Desertification, 13. Climate action, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Physical geography
Abstract: [1] Human-induced soil degradation in Sahel is a major concern for regional climate change. A significant increase in long-range atmospheric dust transport due to human activities would indeed modify the radiative budget and the water cycle over both Africa and the tropical Atlantic. Here we use two independent long-term datasets, i.e., surface concentration measurements at Barbados between 1965 and 2000 and maps of TOMS dust optical thickness between 1979 and 2000, to evidence an increase of a factor of two of background dust loads over the Atlantic since the mid 60's, independently of any climatic phenomenon. Satellite imagery suggests that this trend can be attributed to an intensification of dust emissions in a Sahel region centered on southern Mali. The desertification caused by the doubling of the population in Sahel over the last 40 years likely explains the observed intensification of the Atlantic dust export.
Published: 2006

39. Atmospheric correction and oceanic constituents retrieval with a neuro-variational method

Author: Sylvie Thiria, Cédric Jamet, Cyril Moulin, and Julien Brajard
Subjects: Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, Mediterranean sea, SeaWiFS, Ocean color, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Phytoplankton, Atmospheric correction, Environmental science, Seawater, Remote sensing
Abstract: Ocean color sensors on board satellite measure the solar radiation reflected by the ocean and the atmosphere. This information, denoted reflectance, is affected for 90% by air molecules and aerosols in the atmosphere and for only 10% by water molecules and phytoplankton cells in the ocean. Our method focuses on the chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a) retrieval, which is commonly used as a proxy for phytoplankton concentration. Our algorithm, denoted NeuroVaria, computes relevant atmospheric (Angstrom coefficient, optical thickness, single-scattering albedo) and oceanic parameters (chl-a, oceanic particulate scattering) by minimizing the difference over the whole spectrum (visible + near infrared) between the observed reflectance and the reflectance computed from artificial neural networks that have been learned with a radiative transfer model. NeuroVaria has been applied to SeaWiFS (sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor) imagery in the Mediterranean sea. A comparison with in-situ measurements of the water-leaving reflectance shows that NeuroVaria enables to better reconstruct this component at 443 nm than the standard SeaWiFS processing. This leads to an improvement of the retrieval of the chl-a for the oligotrophic sea. This result is generalized to the entire Mediterranean sea through weekly maps of chl-a.
Published: 2006

40. Use of a neuro-variational inversion for retrieving oceanic and atmospheric constituents from satellite ocean colour sensor: Application to absorbing aerosols

Author: Sylvie Thiria, Cédric Jamet, Julien Brajard, Cyril Moulin, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cognitive Neuroscience, Oceans and Seas, Color, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Artificial Intelligence, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Ocean colour, Computer Simulation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Aerosols, Air Pollutants, Radiation, Artificial neural network, Atmosphere, Reproducibility of Results, Inversion (meteorology), Satellite Communications, Aerosol, Plume, SeaWiFS, Environmental science, Minification, Algorithms, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: This paper presents a new development of the NeuroVaria method. NeuroVaria computes relevant atmospheric and oceanic parameters by minimizing the difference between the observed satellite reflectances and those computed from radiative transfer simulations modelled by artificial neural networks. Aerosol optical properties are computed using the Junge size distribution allowing taking into account highly absorbing aerosols. The major improvement to the method has been to implement an iterative cost function formulation that makes the minimization more efficient. This implementation of NeuroVaria has been applied to sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) imagery. A comparison with in situ measurements and the standard SeaWiFS results for cases without absorbing aerosols shows that this version of NeuroVaria remains consistent with the former. Finally, the processing of SeaWiFS images of a plume of absorbing aerosols off the US East coast demonstrate the ability of this improved version of NeuroVaria to deal with absorbing aerosols.
Published: 2006

41. Validation of a neuro-variational inversion of ocean colour images

Author: Cédric Jamet, Julien Brajard, Sylvie Thiria, Cyril Moulin, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire d'océanographie dynamique et de climatologie (LODYC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Aerospace Engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Radiation, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, Mediterranean sea, 0103 physical sciences, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Scattering, Atmospheric correction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Particulates, Geophysics, SeaWiFS, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: Ocean colour sensors on board satellite measure the solar radiation reflected by the ocean and the atmosphere. This information, denoted reflectance, is affected for about 90% by air molecules and aerosols in the atmosphere and only for about 10% by water molecules and phytoplankton cells in the ocean. Our method focuses on the chlorophyll- a concentration (chl- a ) retrieval, which is commonly used as a proxy for phytoplankton concentration. Our algorithm, denoted NeuroVaria, computes relevant atmospheric (Angstrom coefficient, optical thickness, single-scattering albedo) and oceanic parameters (chl- a , oceanic particulate scattering) by minimizing the difference over the whole spectrum (visible + near-infrared) between the observed reflectance and the reflectance computed from artificial neural networks that have been trained with a radiative transfer model. This algorithm has been presented in [Jamet, C., Thiria, S., Moulin, C., Crepon, M. Use of a neuro-variational inversion for retrieving oceanic and atmospheric constituents from ocean colour imagery. a feasibility study. J. Atmo. Ocean. Tech. 22 (4), 460–475, doi: 10.1175/JTECH1688.1, 2005]. NeuroVaria has been applied to SeaWiFS imagery in the Mediterranean sea. A comparison in the Mediterranean with in-situ measurements of the water-leaving reflectance, optical thickness and chl- a shows that NeuroVaria is consistent to process accurate atmospheric corrections and chl- a estimation for case-I waters and weakly absorbing aerosols. It validates the first step of this new approach of ocean colour images processing.
Published: 2006

42. Desert dust aerosol columnar properties over ocean and continental Africa from Lidar in-Space Technology Experiment (LITE) and Meteosat synergy

Author: F. Thieuleux, Pierre Couvert, Cyril Moulin, Jacques Pelon, Thierry Pain, S. Berthier, François Dulac, Patrick Chazette, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALCATEL SPACE (ASP), ALCATEL, Programme National de Télédétection Spatiale de l'nstitut National des Sciences de l ’Univers (INSU), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in the frame of the CALIPSO program, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Mineral dust, Tropical Atlantic, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Mediterranean sea, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Radiative transfer, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Remote sensing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Ecology, Extinction ratio, Paleontology, Forestry, Thermal low, Aerosol, Geophysics, Lidar, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental science
Abstract: [1] The new generation of spaceborne backscatter lidar systems, prefigured by the Lidar in-Space Technology Experiment (LITE) mission in September 1994, will give new insight on the vertical distribution of both aerosols and clouds in the atmosphere. This is especially of importance for aerosols over land, where retrievals from passive sensors are known to be more difficult because of the surface contribution. Here we analyze mineral dust aerosol transport events through a new approach coupling the active LITE and passive Meteosat-5 spaceborne observations. The Meteosat-derived aerosol optical thickness at 550 nm is shown to be a good boundary condition for the lidar inversion in order to retrieve both the aerosol backscatter to extinction ratio (BER) and the aerosol extinction vertical profile above the Tropical Atlantic Ocean (TAO) and the Mediterranean Sea. Sensitivity tests indicate that the aerosol scattering coefficient is retrieved within a 20% relative uncertainty. Air mass trajectories allow us to further retrieve the vertical profile of aerosol optical properties over the continent in the Saharan Heat Low (SHL) region using the BER determined over the ocean. Results confirm a large dispersion of the BER which is not attributed to errors in the method. This shows the need to account for such dispersion in the retrieval of dust aerosol optical thickness and aerosol impact on the earth radiative budget. The coupling between LITE and Meteosat-5 made here is shown to be interesting for an improvement of the direct dust aerosol forcing, and results should be improved by the CALIOP-MODIS synergy.
Published: 2006

43. A home blood pressure monitoring study comparing the antihypertensive efficacy of two angiotensin II receptor antagonist fixed combinations

Author: Alain Giacomino, Cyril Moulin, Roland Asmar, Nicolas Postel-Vinay, Jean Delonca, and Guillaume Bobrie
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Urology, Tetrazoles, Angiotensin II receptor antagonist, Blood Pressure, Pharmacology, Irbesartan, Hydrochlorothiazide, Double-Blind Method, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Prospective Studies, Thiazide, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, business.industry, Biphenyl Compounds, Valine, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Middle Aged, Angiotensin II, Biphenyl compound, Treatment Outcome, Valsartan, Hypertension, Valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, business, Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers, medicine.drug
Abstract: The objective of this prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint study was to compare the antihypertensive efficacy of valsartan 80 mg v irbesartan 150 mg when combined with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 12.5 mg.Untreated or uncontrolled hypertensive adults (n = 800) were enrolled by primary care physicians. After a 5-week open-label lead-in phase in which all patients received 12.5 mg HCTZ once daily, subjects whose blood pressure (BP) remained uncontrolled were randomized (n = 464) to valsartan/HCTZ (80/12.5 mg) or irbesartan/HCTZ (150/12.5 mg) for 8 weeks. Home BP monitoring (HBPM) was performed in the morning and in the evening for 5 days, at baseline, and after 8 weeks. Office BP measurements were obtained at baseline and after 8 weeks.Irbesartan/HCTZ produced greater reductions in average systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) measured by HBPM than valsartan/HCTZ (SBP: -13.0 v -10.6 mm Hg, P = .0094; DBP: -9.5 v -7.4 mm Hg, P = .0007). These differences were more pronounced in the morning (trough) than in the evening. Office BP measurements also showed greater reductions in trough seated SBP and DBP with irbesartan/HCTZ compared with valsartan/HCTZ. Normalization rates observed with HBPM (SBP135 mm Hg and DBP85 mm Hg) were significantly greater with irbesartan/HCTZ than with valsartan/HCTZ (50.2 v 33.2%; P = .0003). The overall safety was similar in the two groups.The superior BP-lowering potency of the fixed combination irbesartan/HCTZ (150/12.5 mg) over valsartan/HCTZ (80/12.5 mg), evidenced independently from the investigators by HBPM, supports the use of this technique in trials with prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint designs.
Published: 2005

44. Retrieval of aerosol type and optical thickness over the Mediterranean from SeaWiFS images using an automatic neural classification method

Author: Michel Crépon, Awa Niang, Fouad Badran, Cyril Moulin, Sylvie Thiria, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Centre d'études et de recherche en informatique et communications (CEDRIC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Modélisation et Méthodes Statistiques Avancées (MMSA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Self-organizing map, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pixel, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Soil Science, Geology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, AERONET, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, SeaWiFS, Environmental science, Satellite imagery, Computers in Earth Sciences, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Zenith, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: We present an automatic classification method based on topological neural network algorithms to retrieve aerosol optical properties from multi-spectral ocean-color satellite imagery. The first step of the method consisted in an unsupervised classification of a large set of clear-sky top of the atmosphere reflectance spectra measured by the sensor. We used the so-called Kohonen map which aggregates similar spectra into a reduced set of pertinent groups. The second step consisted in labeling these groups by clustering them with synthetic TOA reflectance spectra whose optical properties (i.e., aerosol type or optical thickness) are known. These synthetic spectra have been computed using a radiative transfer model. In the present study, we dealt with five aerosol types (maritime, coastal, tropospheric, oceanic and mineral) and several aerosol optical thickness values ranging from 0.05 to 0.8. These simulated spectra were then projected onto the Kohonen map to label each group of the map. The last step consisted in applying this method to the SeaWiFS imagery of the Mediterranean region for the years 1999 and 2000. The Kohonen map was “educated” from pixels randomly extracted during the year 1999 in this region. We accounted for the viewing geometry of the sensor by clustering the simulated spectra into ten groups of similar geometries, as defined by both scattering and sun zenith angles. The analysis of SeaWiFS images was performed pixel-by-pixel by selecting the suitable labeling (in terms of viewing geometry), then by identifying the closest spectrum in the Kohonen map, which finally gives the aerosol optical properties. This method led to accurate and coherent results, as shown by the comparison with in situ aerosol measurements provided by the AERONET station at Lampedusa and by the study of two aerosol events over the Mediterranean. One of the major advantages of this method is that it enables us to automatically identify the aerosol type and to retrieve the aerosol optical properties with a better accuracy than classical methods such as those used by SeaWifs. It gives accurate results for optical thickness values larger than 0.35 and is able to retrieve dust aerosols such as African dust aerosol (absorbing aerosol). These should ensure a more precise inversion of ocean-color imagery where the knowledge of atmospheric optical parameters is essential. Moreover the method is able to give probabilities for the estimate values of aerosol properties.
Published: 2005

45. Remote sensing of phytoplankton groups in case 1 waters from global SEAWIFS imagery

Author: Séverine Alvain, Yves Dandonneau, François-Marie Bréon, Cyril Moulin, Aptel, Florence, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and IPSL
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Chlorophyll a, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Photosynthetic pigment, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, groupes fonctionnels, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, Natural variability, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, couleur de l'océan, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, phytoplancton, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Plankton, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, SeaWiFS, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Ocean color, Remote sensing (archaeology), Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Ocean color sensors enable a quasi-permanent monitoring of the chlorophyll a concentration, Chl a, in surface waters. This ubiquitous photosynthetic pigment cannot, however, be used to distinguish between phytoplankton species. Distinguishing phytoplankton groups from space is nevertheless necessary to better study some biochemical processes such as carbon fixation at the global scale, and is thus one of the major challenges of ocean color research. In situ data have shown that the water-leaving radiances (nLw), measured by ocean color sensors at different wavelengths in the visible spectrum, vary significantly for a given Chl a. This natural variability is due partly to differences in optical properties of phytoplankton species. Here we derive relationships between nLw and phytoplankton species by using a large set of quantitative inventories of phytoplankton pigments collected during nine cruises from Le Havre (France) to Nouméa (New Caledonia) in the framework of the GeP&CO program. Coincident SeaWiFS nLw data between 412 and 555 nm are extracted and normalized to remove the effect of Chl a. These normalized spectra vary significantly with in-situ pigment composition, so that four major phytoplankton groups, i.e., haptophytes, Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus-like cyanobacteria and diatoms, can be distinguished. This classification (PHYSAT) is applied to the global SeaWiFS dataset for year 2001, and global maps of phytoplankton groups are 1 presented. Haptophytes and diatoms are found mostly in high latitudes and in eutrophic regions. Diatoms show a strong seasonal cycle with large-scale blooms during spring and summer. These results, obtained with only five channels in the visible spectrum, demonstrate that ocean color measurements can be used to discriminate between dominant phytoplankton groups provided that sufficient data are available to establish the necessary empirical relationships.
Published: 2005

46. Understanding the long-term variability of African dust transport across the Atlantic as recorded in both Barbados surface concentrations and large-scale Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) optical thickness

Author: Joseph M. Prospero, Isabelle Chiapello, Cyril Moulin, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Tropical Atlantic, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, North Atlantic oscillation, Climatology, Environmental science, Satellite, Scale (map), Dust emission
Abstract: [1] The interannual variability of African dust transport over the north tropical Atlantic is monitored using in situ surface concentrations measurements performed at Barbados since 1966, along with the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Meteosat dust optical thickness (DOT) records covering the last two decades. Despite their differences in spatial coverage, the two dust records are in good agreement at both monthly and annual timescales over the 22 years of common operation. This demonstrates that the Barbados dust record is representative of the year-to-year variability of dust export over the north tropical Atlantic during both winter and summer. The satellite DOT are used to assess the characteristics of the impact of climate factors, i.e., North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Sahel drought, on dust emission and export as a function of season, and in terms of spatial extend of their influence. The analysis shows a large regional impact of Sahel drought on dust emissions and transport both in winter and in summer, whereas the influence of the NAO dominates the winter export and is more geographically limited to the eastern Atlantic north of 15°N, and possibly some localized source regions (southern Mauritania and the Bodele depression). Overall, the combination of the 35 years of Barbados measurements of African dust with 22 years of satellite dust survey over the Atlantic highlights very high dust loads in the mid-1980s related to the severe Sahel drought (maximum impact in 1983) and persistently high dusty conditions in the 1990s, most probably due to the continuation of relatively dry conditions in Sahel in the recent years.
Published: 2005

47. Neuro-variational inversion of ocean color imagery

Author: S. Thiria, Cédric Jamet, Cyril Moulin, and M. Crepon
Subjects: Wavelength, SeaWiFS, Geography, Quadratic cost, Artificial neural network, Ocean color, Radiative transfer, Communications satellite, Inversion (meteorology), Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Remote sensing
Abstract: This paper presents a neuro-variational method to invert satellite ocean color signal. The method is based on a combination of neural networks and classical variational inversion. The radiative transfer equations are modeled by neural networks whose input are the oceanic and atmospheric parameters and output the top of the atmosphere reflectance at several wavelengths. The procedure consists in minimizing a quadratic cost function which is the distance between the satellite observed reflectance and the neural network computed reflectance, the control parameters being the oceanic and atmospheric parameters. The method allows us to retrieve atmospheric and oceanic parameters. We present a feasibility experiment. We show we can retrieve Chl-a with an error of 19.7% if we can obtain a perfect knowledge of three atmospheric parameters. Finally, an inversion of one SeaWiFS image is presented. The Chl-a give coherent spatial structures.
Published: 2004

48. Monitoring aerosol optical properties over the Mediterranean from SeaWiFS images using a neural network inversion

Author: Cédric Jamet, Sylvie Thiria, and Cyril Moulin
Subjects: Angstrom exponent, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Artificial neural network, Meteorology, Near-infrared spectroscopy, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Inverse problem, 01 natural sciences, AERONET, Aerosol, Geophysics, SeaWiFS, Radiative transfer, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: The SeaWiFS archive provides a unique opportunity to study aerosol optical properties over oceans since October 1997. Standard SeaWiFS aerosol products are however not suitable because optical thicknesses are limited to 0.35 and Angstrom exponents to 1.5. We developed an inversion based on neural networks to retrieve both optical thickness and Angstrom exponent from SeaWiFS red and near infrared channels. Neural networks are capable of approximating non-linear inverse functions and of processing efficiently large amounts of data. Neural networks were trained with radiative transfer computations for wide ranges of optical thickness and Angstrom exponent. All SeaWiFS images of the Mediterranean for year 2000 were processed and monthly mean maps of aerosol optical thickness and Angstrom exponent were derived. A comparison with groundbased measurements at three AERONET stations in the Mediterranean shows the good accuracy of the method, as well as the improvement compared to operational SeaWiFS aerosol products.
Published: 2004

49. Use of a neuro-variational inversion to retrieve aerosol parameters and ocean constituents from ocean color imagery

Author: Cédric Jamet, Cyril Moulin, Sylvie Thiria, and Michel Crépon
Subjects: Computer science, Ocean color, Atmospheric wave, Multilayer perceptron, Radiative transfer, Atmospheric correction, Satellite, Atmospheric model, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Aerosol, Remote sensing
Abstract: The retrieval of ocean constituents (OC) from satellite ocean color measurements is very sensitive to the atmospheric correction. Improved atmospheric correction algorithms, which simultaneously estimate OC and aerosol optical properties (AP), have recently been developed. Advanced programming techniques such as Neural Network can help us in implementing improved atmospheric correction algorithms in operational satellite data processing. The method is based on the combination of MLP and classical variational inversion in the visible bands. This procedure enables to retrieve OC, specially Chl-a from visible wavelengths. It consists in inverting the direct model to retrieve OC, by minimizing the distance between the observed and MLP-calculated Top Of Atmosphere reflectance. To perform this inversion, we have modelled the oceanic and atmospheric radiative transfer equations with respect to the AP and OC by using MLP. The accuracy is better than 7%. We have focused on the influence of the information on AP for the retrieval of OC with pseudo-data for weakly absorbing aerosols. We show that Chl-a can be retrieved with an error of 19.7% if we have a perfect knowledge of three AP. Finally, results for East Coast of the United States are presented.
Published: 2004

50. Global Emissions of Mineral Aerosol: Formulation and Validation using Satellite Imagery

Author: Paul Ginoux, Tanguy Claquin, Yves Balkanski, Cyril Moulin, Michael Schulz, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, food.ingredient, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sea salt, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Atmospheric dust, 15. Life on land, Mineral dust, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Arid, Aerosol, Atmosphere, food, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Satellite, Satellite imagery, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The most abundant aerosol components present in the atmosphere are dust and sea salt (Andreae, 1995). Li et al. (1996) show that dust dominates the aerosol light-scattering over the tropical and sub-tropical Atlantic. Satellite retrievals also illustrate the importance of dust over large regions from arid deserts to remote oceanic regions downwind of West Africa, Asia and the Persian Gulf (Husar et al., 1997; Deuze et al., 2000; Tanre et al., 2001). Furthermore, land modification, agricultural practices and the migration of desert fringes appear to have contributed to the increase in the dust transport over the Atlantic from the 1960s to the 1980s. These perturbations to the dust cycle brought by human activity are thought to account for 15 to 50% of the atmospheric dust load (Tegen and Fung, 1995; Tegen, personnal communication, 2002).
Published: 2004

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