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In this study, the effects of suction and buoyancy are used to analyze the Ternary hybrid nanofluid flow on a stretching sheet through a porous media. Ternary hybrid nanofluid is (Carbon nanotubes) CNT + Graphene + Al 2 O 3 with base fluid as Water. Case-1 Buoyancy Assisting flow and Case-2 Buoyancy Opposing flow. Hybrid nanofluids have been used to speed up the heat transfer process. Nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) have been converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using Lie group transformations. The ODE45, an algorithmic approach, has been using the aid of this built-in solver, and the resulting Ordinary differential equations were resolved. The general relationship between temperature, velocity, heat transfer rate, and shear stress on a stretchy surface is shown for a range of values of the significant factors. The temperature profiles have been rising with the impact of Da , f w . Using streamlines to examine the flow pattern of a fluid and a method of machine learning, in terms of modern language, an artificial neural network (ANN) made up of artificial neurons or nodes is known as a neural network. A neural network is a network or circuit of genetic neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractJet impingement is a heat transfer technique utilized in different applications in industry. It is used for cooling the turbine blade and the combustor wall because of its high cooling rate. The heat transfer (HT) and flow structure of a circular air-impinging jet over a flat target plate with a circular row of 48 roughness elements are numerically investigated using renormalization group k–ε turbulence model. Different shapes of roughness elements, namely cylindrical roughness elements (CREs), droplet roughness elements (DREs), and hemispherical roughness elements (HREs), are examined. The effects of Reynolds number changed from 7,000 to 35,000, and the roughness elements location relative to jet diameter (s/d) of 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 at a constant jet-to-target plate distance (H/d) of 2 are studied. Temperature distribution, local Nusselt number (Nu), average Nusselt number (Nuavg), average Nusselt number ratio (Nuavg,r), velocity distribution, turbulence kinetic energy, streamline contours, and static pressure (p) over the roughness elements are evaluated and discussed. The results showed that the existence of roughness elements has a significant effect on the thermal and hydraulic characteristics. The Nuavg,r for the CREs, DREs, and HREs is up to 1.61, 2.02, and 1.2, respectively. All roughness element shapes increase the flow velocity in the narrow area between the elements and increase the wetted area. CREs augment the HT rates by increasing the turbulence intensity, while DREs reduce the drag force effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate planting of the required number of carrot seeds is one of the important parameters in developing a carrot seeding device. This study developed a metering mechanism that promotes the deposition of

Abstract Amidst the industrial transformation and upgrade, the new energy vehicle industry is at a crucial juncture. Power batteries, a vital component of new energy vehicles, are currently at the forefront of industry competition with a focus on technological innovation and performance enhancement. The operational temperature of a battery significantly impacts its efficiency, making the design of a reliable Thermal Management System (TMS) essential to ensure battery safety and stability. Cylindrical power batteries are widely utilized in the industry. This article outlines the four main structures and their drawbacks of TMS for cylindrical power batteries. Among these structures, air cooling falls short in meeting high heat dissipation requirements. Liquid cooling is expensive, intricate, and adds considerable weight. Phase Change Materials (PCM) are not yet prevalent in practical applications. Similarly, heat pipes are relatively uncommon in large high-power battery packs. To better align with the new energy vehicle industry’s demands for top-notch performance, cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and reliability, this paper strongly recommends delving deeper into composite cooling solutions. The construction of an economically viable and fully optimized composite cooling method is poised to become a significant scientific challenge for future research endeavors.

In the paper influence of several factors on shape accuracy and compressive strength of parts is analysed. First simulation software is used for prediction. Parts are cylindrical with 20 mm diameter, manufactured via SLA additive manufacturing technology. 1mm thick Gyroid TPMS structure is generated in cylinders with different volume % (30,40,50 %). Thanks to drainage holes it was possible to create parts that are hollowed, but have solid shell around and TPMS inside. Different tesselation approaches are tried (cylindrical and rectangural). Different radius of roundness is also tried on the surfaces joining tpms and shell of cylinder (0, 0.5, 1mm) Compression tests are then conducted and results are analysed in the form of graphs and colour map of deviations. Results are also compared with solid and fully hollow cylinders. Study finds that the maximum strength of the bodies is influenced by tessellation method, infill percentage, and blend radius. Higher infill percentages generally result in increased strength due to greater material volume transmitting loading force. While tessellation affects samples without shells, its impact is negligible on samples with shells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the industrial transformation and upgrade, the new energy vehicle industry is at a crucial juncture. Power batteries, a vital component of new energy vehicles, are currently at the forefront of industry competition with a focus on technological innovation and performance enhancement. The operational temperature of a battery significantly impacts its efficiency, making the design of a reliable Thermal Management System (TMS) essential to ensure battery safety and stability. Cylindrical power batteries are widely utilized in the industry. This article outlines the four main structures and their drawbacks of TMS for cylindrical power batteries. Among these structures, air cooling falls short in meeting high heat dissipation requirements. Liquid cooling is expensive, intricate, and adds considerable weight. Phase Change Materials (PCM) are not yet prevalent in practical applications. Similarly, heat pipes are relatively uncommon in large high-power battery packs. To better align with the new energy vehicle industry's demands for top-notch performance, cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and reliability, this paper strongly recommends delving deeper into composite cooling solutions. The construction of an economically viable and fully optimized composite cooling method is poised to become a significant scientific challenge for future research endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooling-water intakes often entrain large numbers of larval and juvenile fish, leading to questions why a water intake on the Columbia River, USA, with axial flow, cylindrical screens on a T-screen structure entrained very few (four fish in 4,007 x 103 m3 of water sampled over four years). This is despite being downstream of spawning areas for Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha releasing up to 56 million pre-smolts and having screens consisting of porous plate with 9.5-mm-diameter pores capable of passing salmon fry and other small fish (poor physical exclusion). Multiple publications of experiments and observations in hydraulics and biology are used to help explain the low entrainment, concluding that effects of the screening structure rather than the actual screen are most important. Primary mechanisms appear to be: (1) bow-wave-like hydraulics at the structure's nose cone that deflect small fish away from the screen's pores, and (2) fish detection and avoidance of pressure and velocity changes upstream of the structure that aid deflection. These combined hydraulic and biological-behavior effects of the structure would cause salmon fry and other small fish to bypass the screened portion of the intake. At the screens, (3) high ratio of sweeping flow to approach and through-screen velocities likely further prevents entrainment. Although site- and design-dependent, this analysis may be useful for evaluating or planning other screen installations and focusing regulatory attention on hydraulics of the structure as well as the screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the effect of sample geometry and analysis procedures on the fatigue life results of asphalt mastics obtained using the linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test. Asphalt mastic samples are prepared using two fillers (Red mud and Limestone), one base binder (VG-30) and three filler binder (F-B) ratios (0.5, 1, and 1.5 by weight (w/w)). The LAS test is conducted on mastic samples using cylindrical and hyperbolic geometry at three different temperatures (+10 ∘C, +20 ∘C, and +30 ∘C). We use the dissipated energy (DE) based approach, pseudo-strain energy (PSE) based approach, and R-based approach to calculate the fatigue life of asphalt mastic samples. The fatigue ranking of asphalt mastics at varying temperatures for each test geometry is found to be independent of the analysis procedure. PSE-based approach gives the highest fatigue life followed by DE- and R-based approaches, respectively. The effect of geometry is quantified using the variation of dissipated energy versus strain level. This study suggests that the LAS test can only characterize the accurate fatigue performance of the asphalt mastic if the amplitude of the complex modulus is less than 20 MPa. Hyperbolic geometry is found to be more effective in the quantification of fatigue damage of asphalt mastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] It was shown that at 298 K and 100–300 Torr, the flame front of a well-mixed dilute methane–oxygen mixture, propagating to the ends of hollow cylindrical and conical obstacles, does not form a vortex shedding behind them; however, under the same conditions, this instability occurs when hot products flow behind the obstacles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cylindrical Integral Equation -- Generalized Sheet Transition Condition (IE-GSTC) is validated by applying it to physical metasurfaces, i.e. metasurfaces defined by material properties and dimensions rather than by susceptibility tensor components. The previously reported IE-GSTC, which was formulated for zero thickness GSTC discontinuities, is extended to handle the finite thickness of physical metasurfaces. A simple analytical approach is used to extract the bianisotropic susceptibility tensor of concentric, multilayered, magneto-dielectric shells. Plane wave scattering by a physical metasurface constructed of four segments of multilayered, magneto-dielectric metasurface scatterers is used as an example problem to validate cylindrical IE-GSTC. A second example considers an opening on the cylindrical metasurface, confirming IE-GSTC can handle metasurfaces with openings. Third example is that of plane wave scattering by an eight segment metasurface. Good agreement is obtained between IE-GSTC results and full wave simulation results for all the cases. The paper concludes with a novel technique to handle PEC segments embedded in a cylindrical metasurface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leaves of peppermint and the essential oil received from them are used in medicine. The chemical content of essential oil is quite complex. It contains about 30 terpene compounds. The content of essential oil in flowers is 4-6%; in leaves - 2.4-2.8%, and in stems 0.3%. The main components that define the quality of essential oils are menthol, menthone, limonene, menthofuran, and isomenthone. Peppermint is used in the form of tea, tincture, extract, and salves. It has a regulating influence on the heart and circulatory system. It calms the heartbeat and supports the decrease of blood pressure, and the oil stream is used for dyspnea in the form of inhalation. Plant cream is used against insect bites, eczema, hemorrhoids, muscle pains, and some chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Saint-Venant torsion of cylindrical orthotropic homogeneous linearly elastic bar is considered. The cross section of the bar is bounded by two straight lines and a curved arc. The geometry of the boundary curve of cross section depends on the shear moduli of the cylindrical orthotropic bar. An analytical method is presented to obtain the Prandtl's stress functions, warping function, shearing stresses and the torsional rigidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrostatic electret generator has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, but their low power density cannot be ignored. Based on the existing research, this paper increases its power density from two aspects, including in-plane and in-space aspects. In the plane aspect, through simulation analysis, we can draw a conclusion that the output power can be increased effectively by using the bipolar charging method. From the perspective of space, the power density can be increased several times by connecting the output ends of the multi-layer generation structure. By integrating the method into the electrostatic electret generator, the power output can be effectively increased, which is suitable to the application of higher energy requirements in the specific field and a certain application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile robots represent a domain of research through which the robot moves based on algorithms for trajectory planning, representation of knowledge, perception and reasoning. In wastewater treatment plants there is an extremely harmful environment and areas that can affect the physical health of to the human while the mobile robot can successfully intervene and help him to detect defects and remove them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the mixture of liquids has been referred to as “hybrid modelling.” Ternary hybrid models are advantageous for different systems such as production industries, aerosol particle processing, and experimental instrument design, to name a few. The regulating partial differential equation (PDE) for nonlinear systems is changed into a system of associate nonlinear (ODE) In this study, ordinary differential equations report utilizing new similarity scaling symmetry transformations produced via Lie group transformations analysis. Using a BVP4C with a shooting method approach, the resulting system is numerically resolved (MATLAB). For Cases: 1 CNT, Graphene, Aluminium oxide, Cases: 2 Cooper oxide, Magnesium oxide, and Zirconium oxide with different nanosized particle morphologies including platelet, cylindrical, and spherical, the rate of heat transmission and the magnetohydrodynamic flow of incompressible fluid friction were studied. It is observed that Nusselt number transfer is having more transmission rate in case-1 Al2o3+GNT+CNTwith water than in case-2 Mgo+Zro2+Cuowithwater, This shows that, due to the Case-1 hybrid nanofluid mixture's improved heat transmission rate, it can be used for cooling as well as other applications where a faster heat transfer rate is necessary, including rapid charging batteries. Where there is a lower heat transfer rate than in instance 1, the case-2 hybrid nanofluid mixture can be used. Even in cancer treatment also nanoparticles will be useful to kill the cancer cell by injecting the nanoparticles into the human body. In order to predict the outcomes of a response variable, a statistical technique known as multilinear regression analysis (MLR) makes use of a variety of explanatory variables.

This work investigates the creeping flow problem via a swarm of porous circular cylindrical particles using the cell model technique. Brinkman equation inside the porous cylindrical region is used, and Stokes equation for the clear fluid would be satisfied. The stress-jump condition, together with the continuity of the velocity components and the continuity of normal stress, are employed at the porous-liquid interfaces. In contrast, no-couple stress condition and no-spin condition are used on the outer boundary of the cell. In addition, we are applying no-slip boundary conditions on the surface of the solid core. Our problem is solved analytically, and stream function expressions are derived for the inside and outside flow fields. The influence of the drag force on each porous cylindrical particle in the cell is calculated. The graph depicts the variation of hydrodynamic permeability with various parameters and especially the impact of the jump coefficient. The results of this model may be used to examine the membrane filtration process.

The paper describes the current state of development of hemispherical resonator gyros (HRG). HRG is becoming the most perspective gyro for navigation systems of different applications. Its unique performance has made it a sensor of choice for the space industry. The gyro ensures high navigation accuracy while featuring smaller cost and size as compared to the ring laser and fiber-optic gyros. Multiple publications have been devoted to the HRG research and development. We provide a brief overview of publications describing the current state of the HRG technology and its further improvement and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common health problem that affects children more than adults. According to gastroenterologists’ guidelines, the management of FB ingestion differs slightly between adult and children. This review aimed to compile adult and children guidelines and establish an understandable association to reveal the requirements and timing of the endoscopic procedure, which is the most effective and least complicated technique for gastrointestinal FBs. Coins, pins, and chicken and fish bones have been the most commonly ingested FBs. However, with their increasing use in recent years, large batteries with lithium)ion conversion, stronger magnets composed of rare earth metals, such as neodymium, and superabsorbent objects have become the most morbid and mortal, necessitating new management strategies. Although the approach to gastrointestinal FBs is controversial, with different treatment options available in different disciplines, many studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of endoscopic procedures. Many factors influence the timing of endoscopy, including the nature, size, and location of the ingested object and the patient’s clinical condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cylindrical GEM Inner Tracker (CGEM-IT) is the detector designed to replace the innermost part of the Multilayer Drift Chamber (MDC) of the Beijing Spectrometer III (BESIII) experiment, which is affected by an aging-related decrease in performance. The new detector's construction was completed in August 2023 and the project has now entered its commissioning stage. This article offers an overview of the project and reports the first results of the cosmic ray data-taking with the complete CGEM-IT, the purpose of which is to validate its performance before installation in late 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to design a pylon with an engineering structure that gives it support and strength and manufacture a pylon characterized by low cost, lightweight, and bearing the patient's weight. This study designed two pylon models and fabricated by additive manufacturing techniques. The polylactic acid polymer is used as the filament for the 3D printing of pylons. A force plate and tensile test with finite element method simulation ANSYS software were applied to the pylons to evaluate their performance. The results showed that 3D printed pylon with Y-section has enough strength under stress and good safety factor, and the ability to bear a high patient load without buckling and exceed the requirements to become instead of the metallic prosthetic pylons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We determine the minimum number of crossings in an outerplanar drawing of the complete bipartite graph K m , n for any values of m and n , which was known only for the specific case when m | n. Moreover, we provide a one-to-one correspondence (up to equivalence) between the outerplanar and cylindrical drawings of the complete bipartite graph that preserves the number of crossings but not the crossings themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate planting of the required number of carrot seeds is one of the important parameters in developing a carrot seeding device. This study developed a metering mechanism that promotes the deposition of <3 carrot seeds on each planting hill at negligible seed damage. The metering disc and hopper were especifically designed to ensure consistency and uniformity in seed loading into the seed cell and their subsequent efficient discharge onto the planting hills. A key feature of the design is the clearance between the metering disc and the hopper, which was strategically designed to scrape excess seeds from the seed cells, allowing the surplus to freely slide back into the hopper without causing damage. The performance of the seeder was evaluated by examining key parameters, including the number of seeds dropped per hill, scattering index, hill diameter, hill spacing, and missing index across various operating speeds (60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 cm/s). The results demonstrated that the seeder achieved optimal performance at operating speeds between 80-120 cm/s, with an average of 1.70 to 1.81 seeds dropped per hill. Mean hill spacing between hills ranged from 10.98 to 13.50 cm at speeds below 120 cm/s. At a higher speed of 140 cm/s, the mean hill spacing and missing index were 23.06 cm and 53.33 %, respectively. Additionally, the scattering index decreased at a higher operating speed. The developed metering mechanism significantly enhanced the efficiency of the seeder, ensuring precise seed placement and reducing seed wastage across varying operating conditions., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Marvin T. Valentin reports financial support was provided by the 10.13039/501100010892Technology Application and Promotion Institute-Department of Science and Technology (DOST-TAPI), Philippines., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Inward and outward dust acoustic solitary (DAS) rings interactions are studied in cylindrical and spherical geometrical configurations. Wave–wave interaction specifically, solitary waves interaction in nonplanar geometry provides important information, characteristics, and nature of cylindrical DAS ring and spherical DAS ring structures. The collision between two inward and outward cylindrical/spherical DAS rings is investigated in un-magnetized plasmas, taking variable dust charge and different ion temperatures by using the extended version of Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo (PLK) perturbation method. Time-wise interactions of cylindrical DAS rings have been depicted. The investigation assumes that derived analytical phase shifts during the head-on collision of DAS rings are directly modified by the nonplanar geometric configuration. It was noted during the investigation that variation of dust charge and different ion temperatures significantly modify the phase shifts. Thus, the dust charge variable as well as different temperature ions, play a very important role in the phase shifts which recognizes the prime objective of our investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the energy absorption efficiency of a cylindrical solar collector (CSC), and two flat plate solar collectors (FPSC). One of the FPSCs has larger plate area but same volume with other collectors to study effects of the surface area exposed to solar radiation. The solar collectors' service fluid was TiO 2 with 0.25% and 1% mass concentrations. The service fluid was static inside the solar collectors while pure water flowed as the operating fluid through the tubing system located inside the collectors and storage tank. Thermal efficiency tests were conducted in 120 and 240 min heat absorption, and 180 and 240 min heat retention durations. By increasing the concentration of nanofluid, the heat absorption efficiency of the collectors rose. Plus, the FPSC with a smaller area exposed to radiation had the highest heat absorption efficiency. The solar collector depth plays an important role. Furthermore, the 120-min absorption experiment yielded a higher efficiency than that of 240-min absorption. When using nanofluids with a mass concentration of 0.25%, thermal efficiency of 49.61%, 58.00%, and 34.23% were obtained. Finally, for nanofluid with a mass concentration of 1%, thermal efficiencies of 54.86%, 63.67%, and 39.89% were recorded for three collectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, for the first time, an electron–hole bilayer TFET based on a cylindrical architecture with a single surrounding gate is proposed. The main regions of the device are composed of germanium, and the gate and a core p+ Si region are employed to induce the required n-type and p-type layers in an intrinsic Ge channel. Furthermore, two lightly doped source/drain extension regions are embedded to block the direct tunneling between source and drain regions and the channel. Ultra-thin channel along with the gate/core-induced band bending form separate two-dimensional gases of electrons and holes in the channel. Hence, although there is an energy overlap between the conduction band and valence band of the channel even for zero gate bias, no band to band tunneling occurs. The on-set in the proposed TFET is happened when the first subbands of electrons and holes overlap each other. Our TFET exhibits the minimum subthreshold swing of 1 mV/dec, average subthreshold swing of 18.84 mV/dec, sub-60 mV/dec point subthreshold swing over seven decades of drain current, and the Ion/Ioff ratio of 6.58 × 109. Moreover, owing to the vertical structure, the device provides higher scalability. The performance evaluation for different device parameters is carried out by using numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroacoustic transducers arrays operating in the 50–100 kHz frequency range are currently being investigated for underwater applications such as target detection transducers installed on underwater autonomous vehicles (UAV) and detection of underwater intruders to protect and secure economically and strategically critical coastal areas and facilities. However, the frequency range is such that it prevents the use of monolithic piezoceramics operating in the thickness mode due to the unacceptably high voltages that are required to drive them. Whereas the alternative such as Langevin-type transducer solutions have certain other assembly difficulties that arise due to the size limitations imposed on the transducer from the half-wavelength (λ/2) arrangement requirement of the units. In our study, an entirely new alternative was proposed to overcome these difficulties. A piezoceramic transducer constructed from a hollow cylindrical shell form poled in the radial direction was designed and developed to operate at the longitudinal length extension mode. Since the hollow cylindrical piezoceramics were designed and produced with one end closed, this closed end was used as a passive cap with the transducer operating in a piston mode. ATILA finite element analysis code was used to design, analyze and fine-tune the dimensional requirements of the transducer. The center frequency of the transducer was fixed to 70 kHz. Commercial lead zirconate titanate (PZT) composition with hard piezoelectric character (PZT-4) was used as the starting powder. The slip casting method was used to obtain the cylindrical shell form. Single element transducers, as well as a hexagonal close-packed array consisting of seven units and arranged with a distance of half-wavelength (λ/2) to obtain constructive interference at 70 kHz were constructed and tested for underwater electroacoustic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we introduce a double-gate nanotube tunneling field-effect transistor with high scalability based on the Si/Ge heterostructure. Our device includes two Ge source regions which are covered by the gate metal to facilitate line tunneling in these regions. The tunneling charge carriers flow toward the drain region through two n− Si channel regions. The manufacturing process of the proposed transistor is fully compatible with CMOS technology. The performance of the device is investigated by employing a numerical simulator which is calibrated to experimental data. We achieved a remarkable switching performance including a minimum subthreshold swing (SS) of 10 mV/dec, an ${I} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/{I} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ ratio of 3.92 $\times 10^{{7}}$ , an ON-state current of 52.19 $\mu \text{A}/\mu \text{m}$ , and a drain-induced barrier lowering of 45 mV/V for the device; moreover, the ambipolar conduction completely vanished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Previous data suggest that tronco-conical cuffs should be used for accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement in the obese. However, not only arm size but also its shape may affect the accuracy of BP measurement when a cylindrical cuff is used. Methods: In 197 subjects with arm circumference >32 cm, and 157 subjects with arm circumference ≤ 32 cm, the upper-arm was considered as formed from two truncated cones and the frustum slant angles of the proximal (upper angle) and distal (middle angle) truncated cones were measured. Five cylindrical and five tronco-conical cuffs of appropriate size in relation to arm circumference were used. Results: In the group with large arm, the upper slant angle was greater than the middle angle (86.5 ± 1.7° versus 84.7 ± 2.3°), whereas in the group with normal arm the two angles were similar. In the former group, the cylindrical cuff overestimated BP by 2.5 ± 5.4/1.7 ± 4.7 mmHg, whereas in the latter negligible between-cuff BP discrepancies were found. In the whole sample, BP discrepancies between the cylindrical and the tronco-conical cuffs correlated with both arm size and shape, considered as the difference between the upper and middle slant angles (all p

This paper deals with the design of a differential cylindrical capacitive displacement sensor. It consists of four main conductance cylinders that form two capacitors. Their capacitances vary with controlling cylinder displacement. The controlling cylinder has two main parts: a lower part which is the ground shielded and an unshielded upper part. Capacitive measuring electronic circuit is designed to eliminate the effect of parasitic capacitances and simulated in the PSpice program. The relationship between displacement and output voltage is linear and the sensitivity is doubled compared with a single-ended capacitive displacement sensor.

Summary: In this work, a numerical model of a vertical cylindrical packed bed latent heat thermal energy storage (PBTES) system filled with cylindrical‐shaped encapsulations is developed. Two energy equations with a non‐equilibrium heat transfer model are employed to analyze the transient variation of heat transfer fluid (HTF) and encapsulated phase change material (PCM) considering the filler material as a porous medium. An enthalpy‐porosity technique is used to model the melting and solidification of PCM inside the capsule. The effects of the shape of the encapsulation, the aspect ratio of cylindrical encapsulation, the porosity of the storage system, HTF flow rate and encapsulation material are studied using the validated numerical model. For the same volume of encapsulation, the heat transfer rate and the thermal efficiency are found to be higher for the spherical encapsulation as compared to the cylindrical encapsulation. The thermal efficiency and the heat transfer rate of the storage system increase with the increase in the aspect ratio of the encapsulated PCM cylinder. With an increasing flow rate of HTF through the packed bed, the heat transfer rate and thermal efficiency improve. The PBTES with higher thermal conductive encapsulation material is more efficient and has a higher HTF temperature at the outlet during the discharging operations. The stabilization factor (SF) is introduced to assess the stabilization performance of the PBTES. The SF is lowest for the cylindrical encapsulation of aspect ratio of 4/3, the porosity of bed of 0.33 and the lowest HTF flow rate of 7.05 L/min considered in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, the clinical stability of dual-thread orthodontic miniscrews has not been studied. This study aimed to compare the primary stability and long-term clinical success rate of dual-thread and cylindrical orthodontic miniscrews and to examine the association between various clinical factors and the success rate of miniscrews. A total of 145 cylindrical and 135 dual-thread miniscrews were inserted in the maxillary and mandibular buccal alveolar areas of 142 patients. The torque and Periotest (Siemens, Bensheim, Germany) values were recorded during insertion and removal. The effect of clinical variables such as sex, age, screw design, jaw, side of placement, root proximity, and site of placement on the success rate was examined using logistic regression analysis. There was no statistically significant difference (P =.595) in the overall clinical success rate between the two designs, with an overall success rate of 82.1% and 84.4% for the cylindrical and dual-thread miniscrews, respectively. Age and screw-root proximity were significantly associated with failure (P <.05). The dual-thread miniscrews did not show superior long-term stability and clinical success rate as compared with the cylindrical miniscrews. The results of this study suggest that patient age and screw-root proximity influence the clinical success rate of miniscrews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zwitterionic polymer nanoparticles of diverse morphologies (spherical, cylindrical, and platelet-like) constructed from biocompatible sugar-based polymers are designed to extend the pharmacological activities of short- and long-acting insulin peptides, thereby providing potential for therapeutic systems capable of reducing the frequency of administration and improving patient compliance. Amphiphilic block copolymers composed of zwitterionic poly(d -glucose carbonate) and semicrystalline polylactide segments were synthesized, and the respective block length ratios were tuned to allow formation of nanoscopic assemblies having different morphologies. Insulin-loaded nanoparticles had similar sizes and morphologies to the unloaded nanoparticle counterparts. Laser scanning confocal microscopy imaging of three-dimensional spheroids of vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts after treatment with LIVE/DEAD® stain and FITC-insulin-loaded nanoparticles demonstrated high biocompatibility for the nanoconstructs of the various morphologies and significant intracellular uptake of insulin in both cell lines, respectively. Binding of short-acting insulin and long-acting insulin glargine to nanoparticles resulted in extended hypoglycemic activities in rat models of diabetes. Following subcutaneous injection in diabetic rats, insulin- and insulin glargine-loaded nanoparticles of diverse morphologies had demonstrated up to 2.6-fold and 1.7-fold increase in pharmacological availability, in comparison to free insulin and insulin glargine, respectively. All together, the negligible cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and minimal cytokine adsorption onto nanoparticles (as have been demonstrated in our previous studies) provide exciting and promising evidence of biocompatible nanoconstructs that are poised for further development toward the management of diabetes. [Display omitted] • Nanostructures capable of biomacromolecule delivery were assembled from poly(D-glucose carbonate) and poly(L-lactide). • Spherical, cylindrical, and platelet-like polymer nanoparticles were constructed. • Biocompatibility and intracellular uptake were demonstrated in spheroids of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts • Binding of insulin and insulin glargine to nanoparticles resulted in extended hypoglycemic activities in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energetic and exergetic performance for an automotive radiator with wavy fin configuration has been investigated and compared for water-based 1% vol. fraction of hybrid nanofluids of different shapes of nanoparticles, i.e., spherical (Al2O3) and cylindrical (CNT), spherical (Al2O3) and platelet (graphene) shapes at 15l pm flow rate. Effects of effectiveness, heat transfer rate and pressure drop, as well as exergy loss, entropy generation, second law efficiency with steady-state coolant flow rate, hybrid nanofluid vol. fractions and air velocity are discussed well. Results show that energetic–exergetic performances are enhanced by using the hybrid nanofluid of different shapes of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles of spherical (Al2O3) and cylindrical (CNT)-based hybrid nanofluid show the decrement in performance within the study. Nanoparticles of different shapes have been delivered a promising effect on both parameters (irreversibility and second law efficiency) and are increases with coolant flow rate. Spherical and platelet-shaped nanoparticle-based hybrid nanofluid has 2.94% 1.73% and 1.62% of higher effectiveness, entropy change in the air and coolants, respectively, compared to hybrid nanofluid of spherical and cylindrical shape nanoparticles. This inspection divulges on the particle shape, which has a critical consequence on the accomplishment of hybrid nanofluids in automotive radiators and the application of spherical and graphene shape nanoparticle-based hybrid nanofluid is more effective to enhance the radiator performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine finishing of the inner surfaces of the cylindrical blind holed (CBH) components has a rising demand in the manufacturing industries to reduce their frictional characteristics and improve functional efficiency. So, an attempt has been made in the present work to develop a new magnetorheological finishing (MRF) process with a grinding wheel type single magnetic tool for fine finishing the CBH work part surfaces. The main novelty in the proposed work is the grinding wheel type magnetorheological finishing (GWMRF) tool designed with the V-shaped grooves to retain the magnetorheological polishing fluid more strongly. This is because of the edge effect which provides a higher magnetic flux concentration. Also, the present single GWMRF tool operates eccentrically so that different sizes of CBH surfaces can be finished. After the experimentation with the MRF process using optimized parameters, the roughness values reduce from 240 to 90 nm on the longitudinal and 60 from 230 nm on the flat end surfaces of the CBH workpiece utilizing the V-grooved GWMRF tool. The surface characteristics get enhanced significantly. Thus, the present developed process can find its usefulness in industries for fine finishing the CBH workpieces like molds, dies, etc. after the traditional grinding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing solar still glass cover is an important key to increasing both productivity and thermal efficiency. In present work, a new glass cover shape adopted of a vertical cylinder with spherical dome on the top. This design run under the climatic conditions of Najaf city in Iraq. A comparison done with traditional single slope still of the same basin area. Three cases of cylinder height taken 5 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm. Two sets of experiments done, one in winter, and the other in summer. In each experimental day all climatic variables recorded by using a weather station, while another recording done for stills parts temperatures and hourly productivity. A yield amount of 5.8 l/m2.day for 5 cm height, 6.7 l/m2.day for 15 cm height, 7.25 l/m2.day for 20 cm height, and 4 l/m2.day for single slope solar still. Thermal efficiency measured was 18.8% for 5 cm height, 22% for 15 cm height, 23.3% for 20 cm height, and 15% for single slope solar still. Summer measurements may suggest that hemispherical solar still is more efficient than cylindrical solar still with hemispherical dome (CSSHD), but winter measurements show the opposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for improved analysis of objects with an axial symmetry using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). A cylindrical coordinate system about an axis fixed to the object’s center of symmetry forms the most natural base to analyze characteristics of those objects that exhibit axial symmetry, as is often the case for industrial parts. As the sampling grid in the proposed methodology is chosen in reference to the object, down-sampling may be applied in directions where no good resolution is required, to reduce reconstruction time without reducing quality. This is very valuable for in-line applications and fast quality inspection. In combination with algebraic reconstruction algorithms, it permits the use of a pre-computed initial volume perfectly suited to fit a series of scans where same-type objects can have different positions and orientations. Weighted back-projection can also be included when some regions are more likely subject to change, to improve reconstruction stability and defect sensitivity. In this paper, an innovative projection-based pose estimation technique is presented and validated on realistic simulated projections that resemble a setup with high-throughput conditions. Four cylindrical reconstruction strategies are compared to observe the influence of using an initial volume or weighted back-projection on tomographic inspection of medical devices. Finally, the effect of down-sampling the cylindrical reconstruction is analysed on phantoms with varying spatial frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previous paper, we established a test routine and found in cuboid gellan test samples containing Maillard reactive agents that the solid-state system yields a more uniform heating profile. This was attributed to a more uniform microwave energy distribution profile in the solid-state oven cavity. In this work, we aim at determining the heating profile in various test sample shapes exposed to classical magnetron and innovative solid-state microwave systems. Therefore, we assessed the uniformity of heat processing between both solid-state and magnetron microwave generators using other test sample shapes of spherical and cylindrical forms and compare the results with the test samples with cuboid shape. The comparison confirms that the solid-state microwave system also results in more uniform heating of the cylindrical test samples like in the cuboid test sample, while the spherically-shaped test sample this was not the case. The explanation most likely is that the focus of microwave energy in the center of the spherical sample is more dominating such that the external microwave energy distribution is less decisive for a uniform heating profile. In other words, the possibility of distinguishing the differences between the solid-state and magnetron microwave generators and comparing the uniformity of their thermal processing requires a certain sample shape. Spherical samples are less suitable, because of the focusing of energy towards the sample center and difference between the systems can be determined much less sensitively compared to other shapes. These results contribute to understand microwave heating systems better and provide guidance in product development in terms of shapes most suitable to achieve heating profiles with reduced issues related to hot/cold spots in the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, thermoelastic analysis of laminated composite and sandwich shells (cylindrical/spherical) is presented using fifth-order shear and normal deformation theory. The significant characteristic of the present theory is that it includes the effects of both transverse shear and normal deformations. The mathematical formulation uses the principle of virtual work to derive the variationally consistent governing equations and traction free boundary conditions. To obtain the static solution, these governing equations are solved by employing Navier's solution technique. The shell is subjected to a mechanical/thermal load sinusoidally distributed over the top surface of the shell. The thermal load linearly varies across the thickness of the shell. The present results are compared with other higher-order models and 3D elasticity solution wherever possible. Thermal stresses presented in this study will act as a benchmark for the future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Previous data suggest that tronco-conical cuffs should be used for accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement in the obese. However, not only arm size but also its shape may affect the accuracy of BP measurement when a cylindrical cuff is used. Methods: In 197 subjects with arm circumference >32 cm, and 157 subjects with arm circumference ≤ 32 cm, the upper-arm was considered as formed from two truncated cones and the frustum slant angles of the proximal (upper angle) and distal (middle angle) truncated cones were measured. Five cylindrical and five tronco-conical cuffs of appropriate size in relation to arm circumference were used. Results: In the group with large arm, the upper slant angle was greater than the middle angle (86.5 ± 1.7° versus 84.7 ± 2.3°), whereas in the group with normal arm the two angles were similar. In the former group, the cylindrical cuff overestimated BP by 2.5 ± 5.4/1.7 ± 4.7 mmHg, whereas in the latter negligible between-cuff BP discrepancies were found. In the whole sample, BP discrepancies between the cylindrical and the tronco-conical cuffs correlated with both arm size and shape, considered as the difference between the upper and middle slant angles (all p < 0.0001). Among the participants with large arm, the between-cuff BP discrepancies increased progressively with increasing upper-middle angle difference (3.75 ± 0.38/2.78 ± 0.32 mmHg for the top tertile, p < 0.001/<0.001). Conclusions: These data indicate that in people with large upper arms, the tronco-conical shape of the arm is more pronounced on the lower than the upper half, a feature that amplifies the BP measurement error when cylindrical cuffs are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]