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The increasing demands in modern combustion engines for low emissions and low fuel consumption improved methods for the cycle of combustion. The Beare Heads is a recent 6-hour version of the Beare Heads, recognized also as Malcolm Beare model. Beare Heads uses pistons and harbours such as a 2-hour motor and replacements for the overlap valve system of 4-hour motors. The four-stroke engine, block as well as shaft remain intact. The six-time engine was a mix of two-hit and four-hit technologies. Six Stroke is a six-stroke engine that uses two energy strokes. The six-time engine including external combustion as well as internal dual stream is the same as the real interior combustion engine, according to its mechanical design. Air heating system as well as a combustion chambers, each separate of the cylinder, are two extra chambers throughout the thermodynamic cycles. The six-stroke is heat efficient, since the power pulse pressure changes are larger than for the injection process as well as compression strokes. The major benefits of six-stroke engines included lowering fuel consumption by 40 percent, reducing emissions, versatility for multi-fuel service by 2 power strokes over the six-stroke cycles.

Thermodynamic calculation is the theoretical basis for the study of initiation and detonation, as well as the prerequisite for forecasting the detonation performance of unknown explosives. Based on the VLWR(Virial-Wu) thermodynamic code, this paper introduced the universal solid equation of state (EOS) VINET. In order to truly reflect the compressibility of nanocarbon under the extremely high-temperature and high-pressure environment in detonation, an SVM (support vector machine) was utilized to optimize the input parameters of carbon. The detonation performance of several explosives with different densities was calculated by the optimized universal EOS, and the results show that the thermodynamic code coupled with the universal solid EOS VINET can predict the detonation performance parameters of explosives well. To investigate the application of the thermodynamic code with the improved VINET EOS in the working capacity of explosives, the interrelationship between pressure P-particle velocity u and pressure P-volume V were computed for the detonation products of TNT and HMX-based PBX (HMX: binder: insensitive agent = 95:4.3:0.7) in the CJ isentropic state. A universal curve proposed by Cooper was used to compared the computed isentropic state, where the ratio of pressure to CJ state were plotted against the ratio of velocity to CJ state. The parameters of the JWL(Jones-Wilkins-Lee) EOS for detonation products were obtained by fitting the P–V curve. The cylinder tests of TNT and HMX-based PBX were numerically simulated using the LS-DYNA, it is verified that, within a certain range, the improved algorithm has superiority in describing the working capacity of explosives.

This research article deals with the variable parametric study on dual fuel compression ignition engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel with hydrogen supplement at atmospheric condition. The parametric study include variation in engine speed (18–30 rev/sec), gaseous fuel flow rate (0–18.4LPM), pilot fuel flow rate (9.92–15.79Mlpm) and ignition timing (20–45° BTDC). The experiment was conducted on a four stroke, 0.5-liter single cylinder E6 Ricardo engine. From the experimentation, overall parametric variation of 4.15%, 64.7%, 76.61% and 57% in thermal efficiency, CO, N O X and opacity respectively was observed. However, with increase of hydrogen content resulted in increased engine performance, increased in NOx emission and reduction in CO emission with same WCO biodiesel flow rate.

A typical diesel engine port is of complicated geometry . This paper addresses the experimental studies of intake port of a four cylinder diesel engine for different vacuum pressures and valve lift positions. In this study the cylinder head is experimented through a paddle wheel flow setup which gives the flow coefficient and swirl number as output. The main scope of the work is to understand the flow behaviour through the intake port and finally to determine mean flow coefficient and mean swirl number for different valve lift ratios L/D, where L is valve lift and D is bore diameter. This paper also addresses the geometry acquisition and grid generation for three dimensional Computational Fluid Analysis for flow filed computation and obtain a calibrated CFD code for future design once the code is validated with experimental results

Dual-cylinder driving columns of a hydraulic support are required to be synchronous, with the purpose of guaranteeing the support balance and providing the roof an enough force. In addition, pipelines connecting cylinders with electro-hydraulic servo-valve have a significance influence on synchronization. Taking the length of pipelines into account, the mathematical model of a dual-cylinder driven hydraulic support is built, and the displacement–force coupling characteristic caused by the shared pump is tackled by a decoupling compensator. Following that, an adaptive sliding-mode synchro-position control strategy (ASSC) is designed based on an improved sliding mode reaching law and an adaptive law is developed to restrain the uncertainties resulted from the sub-system after decoupling. The experimental results obtained from the joint simulation platform and practical system show that the proposed controller can effectively reduce the synchronization error between two column positions and has better control performance than the PI and fuzzy PID controllers.

Despite the extensive research already done on laminar flows with porous boundaries, polar flows bounded by cylinders have not yet been studied. This paper investigates the polar laminar flow for an incompressible fluid located in a porous annular pipe and driven by suction-injection at the walls. The fluid being confined between the cylinders with zero axial velocity, it is proven that the flow takes place in the polar plane with conservation of mass if an incoming flow exists in the same plane to compensate the mass of fluid extorted by suction. So, one of the cylinders undergoes the suction, and the other the injection. Suitable boundary conditions for both cylinders are then found. The problem depends on the Reynolds number, the pipe gap ratio, and the pore density and surface ratios. The method of solution utilizes the shooting technique including the Runge-Kutta and Newton-Raphson algorithms. Radial flows are found as a possible solution. When the flow is not radial, the patterns of the acceptable streamlines highlight a particular zone in which the fluid is at rest, bounded by two singular streamlines and the downstream cylinder. The flow velocity is determined. Physical understandings of the flow are derived.

The cyclone separatoris an important separation device. This paper presents a new type of embedded two-stage cyclone, which includes a 2nd-stage cyclone (internal traditional cyclone) with multiple inlets and a 1st-stage cyclone (outer cylinder) that unifies the 2nd-stage cyclone inlets into one inlet. The Taguchi experimental method was used to studythe two-stage cyclone separator's inlet area on its performance. Studies have shown that the increase of the 1st-stage cyclone inlet area and the increase in the number of 2nd-stage cyclone inlets (N) positively affect reducing the pressure drop and a negative effect on efficiency. It is recommended to use 2S (the original 1st-stage cyclone inlet area) of the 1st-stage cyclone inlet area and 2N of the 2nd-stage cyclone inlets when separating fine particles. Compared with a traditional cyclone, the pressure drop is reduced by 1303 Pa, the mass separation efficiency (Eq) is increased by 0.56%, and the number separation efficiency (En) is increased by 2.05%. When separating larger particles, it is recommended to use 2S of the 1st-stage cyclone inlet area and 4N of the 2nd-stage cyclone inlets. Compared with a traditional cyclone, although En decreases slightly, the pressure drop is reduced by 3055 Pa, and the Eq is increased by 0.56%. The research results provide new insight into the design of the cyclone.

A multiphase, transient, horizontal, Taylor-Couette flow has been investigated numerically. This flow governs thermal performance of self-contained drum motor (SCDM) drive systems. These drive systems are extensively used with conveyor belt systems, employed in many industrial and commercial applications. Thermal performance of the SCDM drive system is governed by heat transfer within multiphase flow of air and oil. This flow is confined within a horizontal annular space between two concentric cylinders. The outer cylinder is the drum. It rotates and rejects heat to the atmosphere. The inner cylinder is the outer surface of the motor. It is stationary and subjected to a constant heat flux. This heat is generated within the electric motor, gearbox, and oil viscous dissipation. Numerical simulations have been carried out using ANSYS-CFX. Transient flow and thermal fields have been investigated, starting from an initial stationary state until a quasi-steady state is reached. The effect of drum rotational speed and oil level on thermal performance of the SCDM drive system has been investigated. The study covers a range of rotational speeds from 0 to 150 rpm, oil level from 0%, (i.e., 100% air-filled) to 100%. Numerical results have been validated using experimental data. The optimum oil level has been determined which gives the lowest possible overall maximum SCDM system temperatures. This optimum oil level depends on the drum rotational speed. Results indicated that the 100% oil-filled case does not provide the best thermal performance. The Nusselt number around the inner cylinder has been correlated as a function of rotational Reynolds number and oil level. The developed correlation can be used as a design tool. This tool is to optimize system thermal performance by determining the optimum oil level at a given rotational speed.

Motivated by the need to understand the heat transfer process in permanent mold casting, the heat conduction problem in the casting and the mold is modeled as transient one-dimensional heat flow in a double-layer cylinder with radial interfacial heat flux to emulate the cooling process of the casting. The cylinder is cooled down by dissipating heat to surrounding by convection. Green's function method, which obtained by separation of variables technique, is used to obtain a closed form solution of temperature distribution. The results of the derived analytical expressions are verified with numerical results of finite-element analysis and the published experimental results. The simulations are performed for different casting/mold materials with diversified thermo-physical properties to figure out the relationship between those properties and heat transfer process. The analytical results are justified by their good agreement with both of numerical and experimental results and its time efficiency in computation which offers advantages in potential real-time application to casting process monitoring. The mean absolute percentage error between the obtained temperatures using the developed analytical model and the measured ones was 14.5% and 2.4% for the casting and mold, respectively.

Fluids like hybrid nanofluids have great potential that present exceptional thermal behavior and thermophysical properties as compare to ordinary nanofluids. Hybrid nanofluids are obtained by the mixture of two different nanoparticles in a base fluid. Many scholars stated that hybrid-nanofluids could be replaced by conventional coolants, especially fluids which work at high temperature. Therefore, these kinds of nanofluids are less damaging for environmental impact and also lead to save energy. The main idea of hybrid nanofluids is to develop performance of heat transfer and its advantages has directed to comparatively good hope for its applications. The objective of present article is to examine 3D stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid passes along a stretchable heated wavy cylinder under the impact of variable thickness and slip conditions. For this purpose we consider alloy particles of AA7075 + AA7072 and AA7072 which are suspended in methanol liquid. The alloy particles merged in this analysis are entirely manufactured materials as well as possessing higher heat transfer characteristics. Alloy AA7072 is a combination of zinc and aluminum in ratio 1:98 with addition of metals like silicon, copper and ferrous. Similarly, alloy AA7075 is a combination of zinc, aluminum, copper and magnesium in ratio −6, −9, −1 and −3 respectively with addition of metals like silicon, magnesium and ferrous. The scenario of this model is scrutinized mathematically by captivating induced magnetic field with in the domain of thermal boundary layer. Similarity transformations are deployed to change the governing equations into nonlinear ODEs and consequently solved this system through bvp4c solver. The impact of emerging parameters on velocity, induction and energy distributions are examined through graphical depiction. Furthermore, heat transfer rates and drag forces near the boundary are designed numerically in tabular form.

Diesel engines have been using extensively in the automotive industry, power generation systems and marine applications. However, diesel engines release massive nitrogen oxides and soot emissions. Several countries or associations have framed very stringent emission regulations for protecting the environment. In this investigation, the effects of different relative humidity (RH) levels; 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80% (approximately) of intake air on the performance and emission parameters of four-stroke single cylinder turbocharged diesel engine have been analyzed. Load (brake power) ranging from 0.5 to 3 kW are varied. Firstly, the experiments are conducted on a conventional diesel engine (CDE); i.e., naturally aspirated condition, assembled turbocharger with CDE and continued with different RH levels. Further, engine performance analysis such as BSFC and BTE are evaluated, and emissions such as CO, HC, NOx and Soot opacity are measured and compared to CDE. The experimental results revealed that BTE, CO and HC emissions are significantly increased while BSFC, NOx, and Soot emissions are decreased as RH levels increase with particular loads as against CDE. For the maximum operated load at 80% RH level, the maximum reductions in BSFC, NOx and Soot emission are achieved as 4.9%, 30.6% and 58.4% respectively, whereas BTE is enhanced by 4.7%. CO and HC emissions are decreased upto the operated load and increased with an increase in the RH level. The maximum reduction in BSFC and increment in HC and CO emissions are achieved at low load compared to peak load operation with an increase in the RH level.

In the present work, an experimental examination is carried out in a naturally aspirated single cylinder 4-stroke direct injection water cooled compression ignition engine to test the performance of various diesel-apricot kernel biodiesel blends. The objective of the work is to choose the best biodiesel blend proportion that replace pure diesel fuel in CI engine. The selection of such blend is based on the performance and exhaust gases evaluation of the CI engine. The indices considered for the performance evaluation of engine are brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) whereas carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) parameters are examined under tail pipe emissions. The results shown that biodiesel blend of 20% volume proportion of apricot oil in diesel exhibited better performance and emission attributes as compared to other blend proportions.

Direct water injection provides feasible solution for combustion optimization and efficiency enhancement within internal combustion Rankine cycle engine, while the feedback signal of close-loop direct water injection control is still absent. Ion current detection monitors in-cylinder electron variation which shows potential in revealing direct water injection process. For better understanding of unprecedented augment of ion current signal under direct water injection within internal combustion Rankine cycle engine, a chemical kinetic model is established to calculate the effect of intake oxygen fraction, fuel quantity, initial temperature and residual water vapor on in-cylinder electron formation based on GRI Mech 3.0 and ion current skeleton mechanism. The simulation results indicate direct water injection process show significant impact on in-cylinder electron formation through chemical interactions between H2O and other intermedia species including HO2, O2, CH3 and H, these reactions provides additional OH radical for propane oxidation facilitation, which result in large portion of CH radical formation and therefore, lead to higher in-cylinder electron generation. The initial temperature plays a vital role in determining whether residual water vapor show positive or negative effect by in-cylinder temperature coordination of direct water injection. Results of this work can be used to explain phenomenon related to direct water injection and ion current signal variation under both internal combustion Rankine cycle or traditional petrol engine.

Laminar cross-flow over a circular cylinder with smooth as well as longitudinally grooved surfaces was investigated numerically for low freestream Reynolds number ranging from 50 to 300. Most of the currently published works on similar flow configurations considered high Reynolds number in the turbulent regime. The computations were performed by the ANSYS Fluent code. The numerical results were validated against the experimental results. The triangular V-shaped, the U-shaped, and Rectangular shaped grooves, with unit aspect ratio; along with the smooth cylinder, are considered. The predicted flow-field for the grooved cylinder cases are analyzed and compared with that for the smooth cylinder. The aerodynamic loads, time-averaged velocities, rms velocity, vorticity, and pressure coefficient plots around the smooth and grooved cylinders were compared to explore the effect of the shape of the grooves on flow dynamics over the cylinder. The flow physics around the cylinder is significantly affected by the shape and size of the grooves, and their circumferential distribution. It is found that the U-grooves significantly decrease the mean drag coefficient (around 13% for Re = 200 and 10% for Re = 300 compared to the smooth cylinder case). The grooves decreased viscous drag significantly (up to 30%) compared to pressure drag. The grooves on the cylinder also delayed the separation and reduced the extent of the recirculation zone in the cylinder wake due to the presence of recirculating flow within the individual grooves. The conclusion is that the properly designed longitudinal grooves on the cylinder in a cross-flow can be used advantageously for reducing aerodynamic loads like drag and lift force in laminar flow as well.

Fossil fuels are used as a fuel for wide range of applications around the world, as per the statistics it is found that the depletion rate of fossil fuel is reducing rapidly. To satisfy the needs of mankind we are in search of an alternative fuel. The present research work is carried out using pongamia pinnata and silkworm oil, on a four-stroke diesel engine as an alternative fuel to find the efficiency of the diesel engine using above specified mixture along with fossil fuel with various blends at different flow rates of engine and calorimeter cooling water. In present investigation the biodiesel is prepared from pongamia oil, and it is blended with silkworm oil. The performance parameters of single cylinder 4 S diesel engine are evaluated.

The Camshaft is a vital part of the Internal Combustion engine of automobiles. It functions as a timing mechanism that controls the opening and closing of the inlet and exhaust valves, as well as the valve overlap that occurs at the TDC of the exhaust stroke. The camshaft is made up of several journals that run on bearings within an engine. The camshaft is bound to rotate with the crankshaft by either a set timing gear, timing belt, or timing chain. As the camshaft drive fails, the valves and piston crowns come into contact, causing extensive internal damage. For high-speed diesel engines (Compression Ignition), power impulses have a greater value than spark-ignition engines in multi-cylinder configurations. In this study, a comparative analysis of an existing automobile camshaft of four-stroke, a four-cylinder Compression Ignition (CI) engine made of Cast Iron was carried out with different compositions of metal matrix composites. For this condition, the outcomes were taken as Von-Mises stresses and displacement values for the static state of the camshaft. The modal analysis (Free vibration) was performed using ANSYS after the static analysis results were obtained. Finally, comparing all the results obtained for different materials, the AlSiC 20% metal matrix composite has been recommended as the most suitable material for the production of camshafts which can replace cast iron because of its similar behavior as to cast iron. This will aid in the development of more precise camshafts, which will be useful for larger displacement engines.

Four-wheeler automotive vehicle is the basic need of people in today’s life all over the world. But the noise coming from the exhaust system is highly affecting the human health. Among all the noise produce in vehicle, exhaust system noise is maximum. Muffler is one such acoustic filter used for reducing this exhaust noise. Hybrid muffler is one type of muffler which combines the properties of both reactive muffler and dissipative muffler and it operates at wide frequency range. In this study an already existing muffler (Reactive type muffler) used in 91bhp, 6000 RPM four-cylinder petrol engine was optimized to hybrid muffler. Aerodynamic and acoustic performance parameters were the main performance parameter and were determined by CFD analysis and acoustic analysis. The existing reactive muffler of the four-cylinder petrol engine could be replaced by the hybrid muffler. Here the mufflers were designed in ANSYS design modular and analyses were performed in ANSYS Fluent and COMSOL software. CFD analysis was performed for the existing muffler and three other newly designed muffler by considering inlet velocity boundary condition at inlet velocity 40 m/s and 80 m/s. It was observed that increase in pressure drop (aerodynamic performance) in model 4, model 3 and model 2 is around 38%, 33.2% and 29% respectively. Again, from acoustic analysis the transmission loss (TL) in model 4 was observed to be 47 dB whereas in other models it was around 20 dB. Further it was observed that the sound pressure level from model 1 at the exit is around 75–78 dB whereas in model 4 it was observed to be around 45–50 dB at the exit. Hence from both the analysis it is concluded that model 4 which is hybrid type muffler is the most optimized muffler.

In order to improve the energy utilization rate, this paper analyzes the flow around the cylinder in the tube-row channel heat exchanger through numerical simulation. Effects of micro-rib structure types (vertical rib and ring rib), number of ribs (N = 0, 4, 6, 8), height of ribs (H = 2, 3, 4 mm), pitch diameter ratio (ST/D = 1.5, 2, 2.5), mass fractions (ω = 0–0.5%) and Reynolds numbers (Re = 514–1205) on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of tube-row channel heat exchangers are analyzed. Results showed that TiO2-H2O nanofluids can improve the comprehensive performance of heat exchanger, and when the mass fraction is 0.4%, the tube-row channel heat exchanger has the best performance. For heat exchangers with different types and structural parameters, the adjustment of the number of ribs, the height of ribs, the ratio of transverse pitch diameter and the use of nanofluids can increase Nusselt numbers by 53.63%, 57.25%, 52.38% and 12.93% at maximum, respectively.

The objective of current numerical analysis is to assess the compression ignition engine performance and emission indices using diesel (B0), spirulina microalgae biodiesel (SMB) blends (SMB20, SMB40, and SMB60) as fuel. The engine chosen for the experimental evaluation and tool validation is 4-stroke solo cylinder of direct injection type diesel engine cooled with water. The numerical assessment is conducted with advanced timing (23.5˚b TDC) of injection and nozzle opening pressure (NOP) 220 bar with half and 100% load condition. The results obtained have shown that SMB20 (20% of spirulina microalgae biodiesel and 80% base fuel) similar results to base fuel (diesel fuel). All spirulina microalgae biodiesel blends reduce brake torque (BT) by 5.7%, indicated efficiency by 0.52% and mechanical efficiency 5.5% at load full condition. Engine exhaust emission results showed that mixed fuel diminishes the oxides of nitrogen (NOX) emission by 4.96% and smoke emission by 11.0% and enhance specific carbon dioxide (CO2) by 3.4% for SMB20 blend at full load condition. The rate of formation of soot (1/deg.) was obtained to be 1.46 for DF, SMB20 by 1.23 and SMB100 by 0.92.

The combustion in Spark Ignition (SI) engine varies from the engine working cycle-by-cycle the ability to predict accurately the pressure allows for a better understanding of the processes that take place in the cylinder The effects of load, compression ratio, and ethanol content on the cycle-by-cycle cylinder pressure variations of a dual spark plug gasoline engine have been investigated experimentally. Cycle-by-cycle cylinder pressure variations were evaluated using coefficient of variation (COV) of maximum cylinder pressure. The results showed that the maximum cylinder pressure increased and corresponding its cycle-by-cycle variations decreased with the increase of load, compression ratio and ethanol content in the blend. Greater variations were observed at lower loads than full load operation of the engine. Highest maximum cylinder pressure and lowest it’s COV were achieved for 20% ethanol by volume in the blend under full load at compression ratio of 10:1. The maximum cylinder pressure crank angle was moved closer to the top dead center as the ethanol fraction in the blend increased. Finally, it can be concluded that the addition of ethanol 20% by volume to the gasoline maintains COV of maximum cylinder pressure at a low level.

In the movement process of continuous bubbles, different liquid flow state and initial temperature of bubble shave important influence on bubble movement and heat transfer. In this study, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of high temperature bubbles in normal temperature liquid are investigated. The rising process of and temperature of bubbles are studied by numerical simulation and compared with experimental results for verification. The results show that the shape, velocity and temperature of the bubble are affected by the initial position of the bubble. Because the closer the initial position of the bubble is to the bottom of the cylinder, the greater decrease of the bubble aspect ratio (w*),the faster decrease of bubble temperature, and the larger bubble velocity would be. The increase of the bubble diameter would mitigate the influence of liquid jet on the bubble motion. Finally, as the bubble surface tension increases, the liquid jet would have less influence on the bubble movement.

The engine is the most important part of an automobile and it is necessary to keep it in working condition for all kinds of temperature conditions. The heat generated inside the combustion chamber needs to be removed to protect the engine from thermal damages and breakdown, in the same instance it is also necessary to make sure that it holds the temperature at an optimal requirement for combustion to take place. The cooling efficiency of the fins is subjected to many factors such as the wind velocity, ambient temperature, fin geometry, material of the fin, and the exposed surface area. Although few parameters cannot be controlled, the engine manufacturer intends to manipulate all possible factors, like fin thickness, fin geometry, and fin orientation to attain a desirable outcome. In this paper numerical simulation of the finned cylinder is presented to improve the heat dissipation rate of an engine. The model is prepared using Autodesk Fusion 360 whereas ANSYS is used to conduct steady-state thermal analysis. Numerical simulations are carried out for two different fin materials: Aluminum alloy 204 and 6061. The effect of fin geometry with varying fin thickness, pitch as well as orientation is also analyzed and a detailed comparison for temperature distribution, total heat flux is presented. Our numerical results show that Aluminum alloy 6061 performed better than the existing configuration with significant improvements in both, heat transfer as well as in power to weight ratio.

With the progression of technology, demands of super alloys have been increased dramatically. One such super alloy is Inconel-718. Although, it is having an extensive application in aerospace industries, steam power plants and oil and gas refineries due to possession of some stringent properties like hot hardness, resistance to wear, high strength. Possession of these rigorous characteristics makes it hard to finish this alloy with the conventional finishing processes almost impossible. So the present work focuses on the predominant role in Industries by giving an edge on surface finishing with more precision and accuracy. To establish the process experimental setup and magnetic tool have been created for chemical assisted magnetic abrasive finishing process to inspect the enhancement in internal roundness of Inconel-718 cylinder. The processing unit has been installed on the lathe machine. Experiments have been performed on Inconel-718 cylinders with 5.7 mm in thickness, 155 mm in length. The experiments have been planned by means of Response surface methodology. Results of the experiments have been analysed with the help of analysis of variance. It has been found that with the operating parameters having specified values like duration of processing-80 mins, Pole work gap-4 mm, and abrasive weight percentage-30%, size of abrasive particle- 40 µm and concentration of Etchant- 700 gm/litre internal roundness improvement percentage for Inconel 718 cylinder is achieved as 42.86%.

Two-dimensional thermographic particle image velocimetry (T-PIV) is presented for the in situ measurement in optically accessible internal combustion (IC) engines. Temperature and velocity measurements are combined using thermographic phosphor particles as tracers for PIV. For three commercially available phosphors (BAM:Eu2+, ZnO, and ZnO:Zn), temperature sensitivity, luminescence intensity at high temperatures and laser-fluence dependence were evaluated for phosphor-coated surfaces in a high-temperature cell. ZnO:Zn was identified as the best-suited candidate for engine in-cylinder measurements and further analyzed in the aerosolized state at temperatures up to 775 K to generate calibration data required for signal quantification in engine experiments. T-PIV was successfully applied in the IC engine to simultaneously obtain instantaneous two-dimensional velocity and temperature fields using the intensity-ratio method. Despite a measurement uncertainty (±1σ basis) of only 3.7 K at 317 K (1.2%) to 24.4 K (4.2%) at 575 K, this technique suffers from low signal intensities due to thermal quenching at increasing temperatures, which leads to reduced accuracy as the piston approaches top dead center. Thermographic measurements were successful to visualize local temperature changes due to evaporative cooling after fuel injection. The measured mean gas temperatures agreed well with zero-dimensional simulations that use additional wall-temperature measurements from thermographic phosphor measurements based on the lifetime method as input for heat transfer calculations.

Turbulence is a complex hydraulic phenomenon which commonly occurs in natural streams and fishways. Riverine fish are subjected to heterogeneous flow velocities and turbulence, which may affect their movements and ability to pass the fishways. However, studies focusing on fish response to turbulent flows are lacking for many species. Here we investigate the effects of the turbulence created by a vertical half cylinder of various diameters (1.9, 2.5, 3.2, and 5.0 cm) on the swimming ability and behavior of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. The large D-cylinders (3.0 and 5.0 cm) create specific vorticity and reduced velocities areas in their vicinity, which favors flow refuging behaviors (FRB) and thus increased relative critical swimming speeds (Urcrit , BL/s) of silver carp, by comparison to free-flow conditions and cylinders of smaller diameter (1.9 and 2.5 cm). The flow speed at which silver carp maximized flow refuge behaviors such as Karman gaiting downstream of the cylinder, holding position in the bow wake or entraining on the side, ranged from 40 to 70 cm·s-1 , depending on fish body size. When holding station near a cylinder under optimal flow speeds, the distance between the fish and the cylinder is related to the size of the fish, but also to the size of the cylinder and the produced vortices. The optimal holding region in the drag wake of the cylinder ranged from 28 to 40 cm downstream of the center of the cylinder, depending on the size of the fish. Smaller fish however tend to use the reduced velocities areas located in the bow wake of the large cylinders. We hypothesize that fish will display flow refuging behaviors, including maintaining a Karman gait in turbulent flow, when the ratio of the cylinder diameter to their body length is between 1:3 and 1:4. They also match their tail beat frequency to the vortex shedding frequency of the cylinder. Our results provide a better understanding of how silver carp respond to turbulent flows around physical structures, with implications for the design of nature-like fishways or exclusion devices in both its native and invasive range. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The article discusses new kinematic surfaces that can be attributed to the class of surfaces of congruent cross sections. The surfaces of congruent cross sections were first identified in a separate class by Professor I.I. Kotov. Circular, elliptical and parabolic cylinders are taken as the guiding surfaces, and circles and parabolas are taken as generating plane curves, which can be located in the plane of the generating curve of the guiding cylinder or in a plane parallel to its longitudinal axis. The introduction of a new independent parameter helped to solve the set geometric problems. The analytical formulas are presented in generalized form, so the shape of the flat generatrix curve can be arbitrary. Two types of surfaces are considered: 1) when the local axes of the generating curves remain parallel during their movement; 2) when these axes rotate. The resulting surfaces can be of interest to architects, or can find application in machine-building thin-walled structures or in the study of the trajectories of bodies during their oscillatory-translational motion.

The possibility of lube oil droplets’ existence in cylinders for two-stroke low-speed gas engines is higher because of the much higher lube oil consumption rate. Some droplets are directly injected into cylinders by lube oil injectors, and some are blown into cylinders through the scavenging ports. Autoignition of cylinder oil droplets is the main cause of preignition. This research study indicates that under in-cylinder conditions, overlarge single droplets cannot autoignite due to the long evaporation time, and overly small single droplets cannot autoignite because of the low vapor concentration. To find out what kinds of oil droplet groups could autoignite and cause preignition, 3-D computational fluid dynamics simulation in OpenFOAM was carried out. The model predictions were validated against the experimental results, including the evaporation rate of n-heptane droplets and the ignition delay of lube oil droplets. Also, the simulation was used to investigate the characteristics of multiple droplets under different ambient temperatures and pressures. The evaporation lifetime and the ignition delay of a large single droplet are dozens of times longer than that of multiple droplets, which confirms that the droplet group is more dangerous than a large single droplet. The evaporation rate and ignition delay are affected by the distance and number of droplets. A larger number causes a lower average evaporation rate. A smaller distance causes a shorter ignition delay. The local vapor concentration and temperature could be greatly reduced due to the existence of multiple evaporation and ignition cores. Additionally, these findings of multiple droplets were confirmed under nonconstant cylinder conditions of a natural gas engine. This research provides a guide to design the lube oil injectors and scavenging ports so as to reduce the preignition caused by lube oil autoignition.

In this paper, we report the results for pressures in a full-scale silo obtained from assays performed on a test station using a free-flowing product. Six different types of silo geometry (slenderness and hopper angle) were tested by filling the silo to the height of interest and observing a static phase (10 min) followed by complete discharge. Our results show that discharge flow is not influenced by silo slenderness. The lateral pressure ratio and values obtained for vertical stress in the stored material at the transition were higher than those given in the Eurocode 1, part 4. In addition, the maximum frictional pressures in the cylinder showed peaks that exceeded the standard, as did the maximum normal pressure in the cylinder with maximum slenderness and mass flow (hopper β = 15°).

Liquid desiccant systems (LDS) are promising as they can be driven by renewable energy. Presently, plastic falling film towers are gaining more attention than metallic columns in LDS due to their excellent anti-corrosive characteristics. However, plastics suffer from penurious performance due to their hydrophobic nature. Apart from solid surface wettability, its geometry also plays a vital role in the formation of the continuous thin film over it. In the current experimental work, the dehumidification performance of adiabatic vertical polypropylene (PP) solid circular cylinders is investigated as an alternative to vertical PP plates. Modified circular cylinder surface is prepared following surface modification to overcome hydrophobic nature of the plastic surface. The performance of the circular cylinder surface is compared with the plate surface. It was found that the Plain PP circular cylinder offered 21–200% improvement in dehumidification rate as compared to the Plain PP plate with an average improvement of 55.9%. Similarly, the Modified PP circular cylinder enhanced the dehumidification rate of the Plain PP circular cylinder by 18.2–61% with an average improvement of 31.3%. A new generalized correlation is proposed to predict the effectiveness of adiabatic and non-adiabatic falling film towers by incorporating shear force, enthalpy difference, and moisture transfer potential between liquid desiccant and air along with wetness behavior parameters. The mean effective error of the current correlation is 11.7% for eight datasets. The findings of this study could be useful for designing small capacity low flow falling film tower-based solar hybrid liquid desiccant systems for residential and commercial applications.

This study investigated the performance of an antirolling system based on the Magnus effect at zero speed. The test scheme and control method were designed based on a proportional integration differentiation controller. A scaled ship model equipped with an attitude monitoring and control implementation feedback system was developed. The effects of different swing speeds and angles, cylinder surface shapes, number of effective cylinders, and target ship model rolling angles on the performance of the antirolling system were studied using a shipborne gravity slider and normal transverse regular wave. The Magnus antirolling system exhibited a better swing speed range compared to conventional methods, and its performance improved as the swing angle increased. During the zero-speed antirolling test, the velocity loop control provided a better antiroll damping effect on the ship model than the position loop control, and the bionic cylinder improved the performance more than a smooth cylinder. Moreover, the system retained good antirolling capabilities even in partial failure cases (i.e., operating with fewer cylinders). This study can contribute to the research of ship seakeeping strategies.

The paper presents the results of studying the influence of variable characteristics of lubricating oils for marine diesel engines (concentration of layered friction modifier in lubricating oil, viscosity of lubricating oil, contact pressure in the friction zone) on the tribological parameters of parts of the cylinder-piston group of marine diesel engines. There are considered the aspects of increasing the reliability and wear resistance of the cylinder-piston group of marine diesel engines when a layered friction modifier is added to the base lubricating oil in a concentration of 1.5 vol.%. There have been carried out the comparative tribological studies of M-16G2CS lubricating oil including an additive based on molybdenum diselenide. Dependences of the wear of parts of the cylinder-piston group of a marine engine on different parameters of the studied lubricants are shown. The wear rate of experimental samples in conditions of variable characteristics of lubricants has been studied. According to the tribological studies of lubricants and structural materials, the tribological rating of lubricating compositions containing M16G2CS marine engine oil as a base and a layered friction modifier - molybdenum diselenide as a tribologically active additive was built. The test tool for the antiwear ability of lubricants is a friction machine of an original design with abraded samples according to the “ball-cylinder” contact scheme. Mechanical mixing of the lubricating medium of “oil + additive” type on the RPU-0.8-55A rotary-pulsating unit was one of the variable parameters in the tests. The tribological efficiency of the studied antiwear additive varies depending on the type of mixing of the additive solution before adding to the base lubricating oil and makes 13-54% (the difference in the diameter of the wear spot of the sample) for mechanical mixing, and for rotary-pulsation mixing - 45-56%.

The focus of this paper is on the verification and validation of computational approaches commonly used for the simulation of in-cylinder processes involving intense turbulent flow and combustion. Furthermore, the tumble behavior during the intake stroke at different engine operating points is investigated since the cycle-to-cycle variability of the subsequent tumble breakdown at the end of compression stroke is reported to negatively affect the engine efficiency. In this respect, measurements with advanced laser diagnostics-based experimental techniques (TR-PIV) in an optically accessible engine have been performed and compared with LES for flow in the same engine, under identical operating conditions. The study focused on the intake stroke under wide open throttle conditions and engine speed of 1000 RPM and 1500 RPM. The ensemble averaged velocity fields of the two methods were analyzed and compared. A counter-clockwise motion and some secondary recirculation zones were identified and quantified in both methods. The same trend for tumble ratio was observed between experiments and simulations and a good agreement was found for most CAD especially at 1500 RPM. At 1000 RPM comparison showed significant variations, which after a detailed analysis of the instantaneous fields, are attributed to the strong cycle-to-cycle variability of the instantaneous tumble center. It is observed, that for relevance index values below 0.75 the ensemble averaged flow fields that the two methods predict significantly differ.

Friction and wear are the main causes of energy dissipation in automotive engines. To minimize the frictional power losses, it is extremely important to improve the tribological characteristics of ring/liner assembly which accounts for almost 40–50% frictional power losses. The present study attempts to mitigate friction and wear of the ring/liner tribo-pair using GNP/SAE 15W40 nano-lubricant. To simulate the ring/liner interface, the tribological performance of nano-lubricants was assessed using a tribometer based on ASTMG181 standard under various operating conditions. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate lowered using graphene nano-lubricants (GNL). The tribological results showed that friction coefficient, wear rate, and surface roughness of piston ring improved in the range 17.71%–42.33%, 25%–40.62%, and 61%, respectively, under GNL lubricating conditions during the boundary lubrication. Further, the characterization of wear tracks of piston ring and cylinder liner confirmed tribo-film formation on worn surfaces resulting in decreased COF and wear rate.

An electronic pressure control unit, coupled with a small built-in compressed air chamber, is applied to a field-portable gas chromatograph to precisely adjust the column head pressure with an accuracy of

The fast-moving technologies and the increasing rate of growth population indicates that the demand for energy will continue to be spiking and prominent in the discussion of the upcoming future. Therefore, to cater to the need for sustainable and clean energy, the idea of nuclear fusion is proposed and studied. Because the nuclear fusion reaction happens at a high temperature, the concept of magnetic field is adapted to the nuclear or plasma fusion reaction. The energy will be harnessed inside a blanket module of the fusion reaction plant. However, the presence of the magnetic field affects the fluid flow inside the blanket module where it reduces the heat transfer efficiency in the channel. This research examines the flow structure behind multiple bluff bodies arranged in tandem in a channel under the influence of a magnetic field with the aim to increase the heat transfer efficiency inside the channel. The effect of gap ratio, G/h = [1-2.4] and Hartmann friction parameter, H = [0-800], were analysed to determine the critical Reynolds number and Nusselt number. It was found that the presence of the downstream cylinder with gap ratios, G/h = 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6, causes the flow to be unsteady at a lower Reynolds number compared to those of a single cylinder. The multiple cylinders proved to increase the Nusselt number. Increasing the Hartmann friction parameter increases the critical Reynolds number and decreases the Nusselt number.

Flow-induced vibration is an enthralling phenomenon in the field of engineering. Numerous studies have been conducted on converting flow kinetic energy to electrical energy using the fundamental. Wake-induced vibration is one of the configurations used to optimise the generation of electricity. The results of the study on the effect of the gap between the multiple bluff bodies will provide insight into optimising the energy harvesting process. This study focuses on fluid behaviour and response behind two circular cylinders arranged in tandem when interacting with a fluid flow at low Reynolds numbers ranging from 200 to 1000. The study has been done on several gap lengths between the two cylinders, between 2D and 5D. The study was carried out numerically by using OpenFOAM. At Re = 1000, it is found that the gap length of 2.5D is optimal in terms of producing the highest lift force coefficient on the downstream circular cylinder.

The use of ethanol blend as an alternative source of fuel for developing clean and sustainable energy sources has grown considerably. In this study, the performance characteristics of an air-cooled, single-cylinder 4-stroke Spark Ignition (SI) engine (TD201) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1 was determined using gasoline and different blend ratios of ethanol and gasoline (E0, E2, E4, E6, E8, E10, and E12) at a varied engine speed of 2000rpm, 2200rpm, 2400rpm, 2600rpm and 2800rpm. The results revealed that as the ethanol content of the blend increases, the heating value decreases while octane value increases. The experimental results indicated that the brake torque, and power increase as the ethanol content in the blends increases. However, BSFC and exhaust temperature decreases as the ethanol content in the blends increases because of the oxygen enrichment. The emissions of unburned hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide reduce while carbon dioxide and ethanol content increases when compared with the reference fuel (E0).

In automotive engineering, the piston ring-cylinder liner pair is among the most studied contacts. From the three piston rings of a conventional internal combustion engine, the top compression ring has a crucial role. The main challenge is to prevent that during the engine lifecycle, the degradation of the piston ring surface might limit the engine’s durability. However, a reliable evaluation of the piston rings tribological response requires a steady method. To test and study the tribological performance of the ring-liner pair, the development of a customized test rig is presented in this work. The new oscillating tribometer will test and study the performance of new and commercial piston rings and cylinder liner solutions. According to the foreseen engine operation, four conditions were appointed to perform the control tests, and a testing protocol was established. The selected stainless-steel piston rings were coated with a diamond-like carbon layer, and the cylinder liner parts had the typical plateau honed texture in the contact surface. The friction force measures were recorded. It was also investigated the influence of distinct parameters (such as temperature and contact pressure) in the friction coefficient of this pair. According to the exploratory tests, the major COF was registered for the testing condition with a lower load. In contrast, the lower COF values were recorded for those conditions with superior normal loads and temperatures. The functionality of the developed test rig was verified to evaluate the ring's performance and the liner contact.

The addition of natural gas (NG) with diesel fuel is an attempt to increase the combustion efficiency of the diesel engine and to reduce nitrogen-based emissions in this investigation. A three-dimensional computational study has been carried out on the combustion chamber of a NG–dieseldual fuel engine. Standard k- ɛ turbulence model was used to incorporate the turbulence inside the combustion chamber. The spray angle inside the combustion chamber was varied from 100° to 150°. The flow characteristics such as pressure, temperature, and velocity distributions, combustion characteristic of apparent heat release rate, and emission characteristic of NO emission of dual fuel engine were investigated at different spray and crank angles. The results show that the maximum pressure inside the cylinder increased from 129 to 131 bar when the spray angle was varied from 100° to 150° at a crank angle of 360°. The maximum temperature was found to be 1602 K at a spray angle of 150° and at crank angle of 360°. The range of velocity inside the cylinder was from 5 m/s to 15.6 m/s. At the spray angle of 150°, the mass fraction of NO emission was 1.15 × 10−09 and was the least among the different spray angles. The optimized spray angle was chosen such that the combustion can take place properly with the least emission and was found to be 150°. The results of the present study were compared with the existing literature and are found to be in good agreement.

The inlet duct length may affect the gas flow field and performance of a cyclone separator with a contracted inlet duct. In this study, a numerical simulation using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach with a one-way coupling method was conducted to evaluate the gas flow field and separation efficiency of the cyclone separators with contracted inlet ducts of different lengths. The simulation results indicated that increasing the inlet duct length led to higher gas tangential velocity in the cyclone body. The effect of the inlet duct length on gas axial velocity was inferior to that on gas tangential velocity. A longer inlet duct reduced both the pressure drop and the separation efficiency. The reductions of the expansion loss at the inlet of the cylinder and friction loss inside the cyclone body contributed the most reduction of the pressure drop as the inlet duct length increased. Generally, when the inlet duct was 1.5 times longer than the cylinder diameter, the effect of inlet duct length on the gas flow field and performance of a cyclone separator became slight.

Biodiesel has great potential as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. However, poor low-temperature flow property and high viscosity of biodiesel limit its use in engines. Therefore, alcohol comes into researchers’ eyes as a promising additive for diesel–biodiesel (DB) blends. In this study, the effects of lower and higher alcohol contents with different speeds on combustion and emissions characteristics were investigated in a modified single cylinder diesel engine. The results indicated that the maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) maintained a consistent drop ratio as speed increased from 1500 rpm to 1800 rpm for the tested fuels. However, B10E10 (10% biodiesel and %10 ethanol by volume) had a big drop, which meant that engine’s power ability had a big loss at high speed. The declining rate with speed decreased for indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) when adding alcohol to diesel–biodiesel blends, especially n-pentanol. Moreover, compared with other tested fuels, B10P10 (10% biodiesel and 10% n-pentanol) had smaller cycle variation and more stable combustion state as speed changed, despite it had the highest coefficient of variation (COV) at 1000 rpm. It can be found that has advantages in combustion stability, and can well reduce the total hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions under the condition of medium speed commonly used by vehicle. Overall consideration, using diesel/biodiesel/alcohol ternary fuels may be a better choice for diesel engines.

About one-third of the energy entering the cylinder of an internal combustion engine is converted into useful work while the rest of the energy is wasted in various ways. Therefore, providing solutions that can recover part of the engine’s wasted energy is crucially important. One of the newest techniques of interest in the field of internal combustion engines is low temperature combustion (LTC) methods. The aim of this research is to approach the reactivity control compression ignition (RCCI) combustion phase by changing the effective parameters (time and angle of injection) of a dual-fuel heavy diesel engine (diesel/ methane (CH4)) To do this, numerical simulation (CONVERGE-CFD) and experimental test have been used. The results illustrate that by advancing the high reactive injection schedule (from -30° to -50°), the maximum cylinder temperature increases which occurs closer to the top dead center. This phenomena increases efficiency and output power, while consequently reduces Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbon (HC) pollutants. For different fuel injection angles, the results show that at 62.5°, the sprayed diesel fuel droplets are thoroughly mixed with the air inside the cylinder. Hence, the maximum amount of thermal energy released and the minimum amount of emissions occurs at angle of 62.5°.

The present work discusses an attempt to enhance the mechanical and reciprocal wear response of Al–7Si-0.3 Mg alloy through the addition of 10 wt% SiC as reinforcement and subsequent T6 treatment. Friction and reciprocating wear behavior of both untreated and heat treated functionally graded composites were studied under unlubricated sliding conditions, employing a linear reciprocating pin-on-plate system over a range of applied load (10–50 N) and sliding distance (500–2500 m). Microstructural studies revealed reinforcement particle gradation across the cast thickness for untreated composite with minimal particle clusters whereas, heat treated composite showed the presence of fine α-spheroidised eutectic silicon. The outer layer of heat-treated composite when compared to outer layer of as-cast composite, revealed an 18 % increase in hardness, 70 % increase in tensile strength and 8 % decrease in wear rate. Wear studies confirmed a linear dependency between wear rate and applied load whereas, coefficient of friction displayed fluctuating trends. Wear mechanisms were identified, with worn morphology and EDS analyses in agreement with the results obtained and was correlated with the observed metallurgy and mechanical properties. These composites were identified as potential candidates for applications such as brake drums/rotors, cylinder liners, cylinder blocks and pistons.

The processing quality of the block hole system affects the working performance of the marine diesel engine block directly. Choosing an appropriate combination of process parameters is a prerequisite to improving the accuracy of the block hole system. Uncertain fluctuations of process parameters during the machining process would affect the process reliability of the block hole system, resulting in an ultra-poor accuracy. For this reason, the RBF method is used to establish the relationship between the verticality of the cylinder hole and process parameters, including cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate. The minimum cylinder hole verticality is taken as the goal and the process reliability constraints of the cylinder hole are set based on Monte Carlo, a reliability optimization model of processing parameters for cylinder hole is established in this paper. Meanwhile, an improved particle swarm algorithm was designed to solve the model, and eventually, the global optimal combination of process parameters for the cylinder hole processing of the diesel engine block in the reliability stable region was obtained.

Exhaust Manifold and Exhaust Header is one of the important additives of IC engine for enhancing the volumetric performance. The volumetric performance of the engine may be expanded with the aid of using decreasing the backpressure and growing the exhaust pace with inside the exhaust manifold and header. These studies examine the float via unique fashions of exhaust manifold and exhaust header the use of CFD and Thermal evaluation for a 6 cylinder inline engine. The layout of exhaust manifold is changed to get gold standard geometry. The evaluation consequences of fashions are as compared for returned stress and pace of exhaust fuel line. By evaluating the consequences of fashions the lower in returned stress is located which make sure development in volumetric performance of the engine. Keywords: Exhaust Manifold, Exhaust Header, CFD Analysis, Thermal Analysis, 6-Cylinder Inline Engine

The rheological behavior of Cr2O3-containing slags was investigated using a rotating cylinder viscometer and the solid fraction and phases of Cr2O3 in molten slags were also calculated and observed at different temperatures. Furthermore, the viscosities of CaO–SiO2–Cr2O3(–10%Al2O3) slags were measured from 1703 to 1953 K and the influence of Cr2O3 content on the viscosity and rheological behavior of molten slags was investigated. The calculation revealed that the solid fraction of the molten slags varied with the Cr2O3 content and maximum temperature, and the fluid properties transitioned from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behavior when the solid fraction reached 5%. Moreover, the increase in Cr2O3 content led to an increase in the viscosity as the slags displayed Newtonian flow characteristics and a decrease in the viscosity when slags exhibited non-Newtonian flow characteristics. The viscosity results of Cr2O3-containing slag from 1703 to 1953 K and from 1703 to 1813 K were also discussed with the morphologies.

This paper presents the results of testing a wear-resistant ceramic coating on the work surface of an internal combustion engine (ICE) cylinder’s sleeve. A combined coating formation technology is described that consists in applying an aluminum layer to the sleeve’s work face by gas dynamic spraying and then covering this face with a ceramic layer by microarc oxidation (MAO). A tenfold reduction in the reinforced sleeve has been determined by the accelerated comparative wear rig tests of reference (new) sleeve-piston ring coupling specimens and reinforced specimens with a combined coating. The supplementation of nanoparticle admixture to MAO coating reduces the friction factor between the cylinder sleeve face and the piston ring by 25-30%. The proposed technology can be used to reinforce work surfaces of new cylinder sleeves and recover worn out ones.

Panzer Anoa 6x6 is a combat vehicle on tires where the first generation of it is made by PT Pindad (Persero). It can mobility, protection and carrying capacity. The ramp door on the Anoa 6x6 APC armored vehicle is driven by a hydraulic system to support the mobility of personnel when exiting or entering the vehicle. The components of the hydraulic system driving the Panzer Anoa 6x6 APC ram door include batteries, power packs, solenoid valves, hydraulic hoses, and hydraulic cylinders. These problems include the ramp door often not functioning, the ramp door moving too slowly and often experiencing congestion when the ramp door is working. These constraints often occur because the pump in the hydraulic system is driven by an electric motor that gets its power source from the battery. The fluid is pressed and flowed through a hydraulic pipe, then the flow of the pressurized fluid is regulated by a solenoid valve to the hydraulic cylinder to move the ramp door. This study uses a pure experimental quantitative method with empirical calculations to obtain a tool with the desired specifications. To move the ramp door weighing 200 kg with a maximum opening angle of 100 degrees in 8 seconds, the heaviest load received by the cylinder is 23557.44 N, the working pressure that occurs in the cylinder is 87.49 bar, where the fluid discharge will flow to the pump. of 2164.77 liters/minute, with a pump power of 394570 Watt and to continue the rotation of the engine with a rotation of 2814.13 rpm (idle) to the hydraulic pump using a pulley mechanism with a ratio of 1: 0.15.

The throttle response of a vehicle determines its dynamic properties and is characterized by an acceleration time from 0 to 100 km/h. An experimental study of the influence of vehicle parameters on its throttle response is associated with significant material and labor costs. At the stage of sketching the design of the vehicle, preliminary determination of design parameters and settings, it is rational to use mathematical models. In the existing models of the vehicles movement dynamics, the engine power, as a rule, is set by empirical dependencies and does not take into account the possibility of changing its parameters and characteristics. The paper proposes a mathematical model that combines models of the engine workflow and the dynamics of vehicle acceleration. The mathematical model of the engine workflow is a quasi-stationary thermodynamic model, in which combustion is described by the Vibe equation, and heat transfer with the walls is described by the Woschni equation. To check its adequacy, an experimental study of the VAZ-2108 engine was carried out to obtain external speed, load and control characteristics. Good agreement between the calculated and experimental data is shown. Vehicle acceleration simulation was carried out according to the method of E.A. Chudakov. The parameters of the VAZ-2108 car and the resistance forces during acceleration from 0 to 100 km / h have been determined. It is shown that the car accelerates from 0 to 100 km / h in 18.3 s, which corresponds to the experimental data and indicates the adequacy of the chosen techniques. The influence of changing the parameters and settings of the engine on the dynamics of vehicle acceleration has been investigated. It is shown that in order to achieve better dynamics of motion, the cylinder diameter and compression ratio must be maximized. The ignition timing, intake valve closing angle and excess air ratio have extremes. The efficiency of using a 16-valve cylinder head instead of an 8-valve one is shown. Based on the results of the studies, it was proposed to apply a set of engine parameters, which made it possible to reduce the acceleration time of the VAZ-2108 from 18.3 s to 13.2 s. Thus, the developed mathematical model makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate the influence of engine parameters on the dynamics of vehicle acceleration, to optimize the parameters and settings of the power plant and the vehicle as a whole.