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1. La biosynthèse des isoprénoïdes chez les pucerons : une cible potentielle de nouveaux bio-insecticides ?

Author

Haubruge E., Francis F., Cusson M., and Vandermoten S.

Subjects
alarm pheromone, aphid, isoprenyl diphosphate synthases, juvenile hormone, sex pheromone, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Isoprenoid metabolism in aphids: a new target for bio-insecticides development? Currently, the control of aphids is largely dependent on the use of broad-spectrum chemical insecticides. Their adverse effects on the environment, combined with the ability of insects to quickly develop resistance to them, has prompted a search for alternative control products. One of the approaches currently under consideration involves the design of novel bio-rational insecticides targeting and disrupting specific biochemical processes in the insect. As a result of their high specificity, these pest control products generally present little risk to the environment, non-target organisms and human health. In the context of aphid control, isoprenoid metabolism and, more specifically, enzymes of the short-chain isoprenyl diphosphate synthases family constitute promising targets for the development of new control products. Indeed, in aphids, isoprenoid metabolism is associated with the production of mono- and sesquiterpenes, which are compounds playing important roles in the physiology of these insects.

Published
2008

2. Blue Carbon Storage Capacity of Temperate Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Meadows

Author

Röhr, ME, Holmer, M, Baum, JK, Björk, M, Chin, D, Chalifour, L, Cimon, S, Cusson, M, Dahl, M, Deyanova, D, Duffy, JE, Eklöf, JS, Geyer, JK, Griffin, JN, Gullström, M, Hereu, CM, Hori, M, Hovel, KA, Hughes, AR, Jorgensen, P, Kiriakopolos, S, Moksnes, PO, Nakaoka, M, O'Connor, MI, Peterson, B, Reiss, K, Reynolds, PL, Rossi, F, Ruesink, J, Santos, R, Stachowicz, JJ, Tomas, F, Lee, KS, Unsworth, RKF, and Boström, C

Subjects
blue carbon, seagrass, Z, marina, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Geochemistry, Oceanography
Abstract

Despite the importance of coastal ecosystems for the global carbon budgets, knowledge of their carbon storage capacity and the factors driving variability in storage capacity is still limited. Here we provide an estimate on the magnitude and variability of carbon stocks within a widely distributed marine foundation species throughout its distribution area in temperate Northern Hemisphere. We sampled 54 eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows, spread across eight ocean margins and 36° of latitude, to determine abiotic and biotic factors influencing organic carbon (Corg) stocks in Zostera marina sediments. The Corg stocks (integrated over 25-cm depth) showed a large variability and ranged from 318 to 26,523 g C/m2 with an average of 2,721 g C/m2. The projected Corg stocks obtained by extrapolating over the top 1 m of sediment ranged between 23.1 and 351.7 Mg C/ha, which is in line with estimates for other seagrasses and other blue carbon ecosystems. Most of the variation in Corg stocks was explained by five environmental variables (sediment mud content, dry density and degree of sorting, and salinity and water depth), while plant attributes such as biomass and shoot density were less important to Corg stocks. Carbon isotopic signatures indicated that at most sites

Published
2018

5. Secondary production as a tool for better understanding of aquatic ecosystems

Author

Dolbeth, M., Cusson, M., Sousa, R., and Pardal, M.A.

Subjects
Fish populations -- Environmental aspects, Biomass -- Properties -- Environmental aspects, Earth sciences
Abstract

A major challenge for ecologists is understanding ecosystem dynamics and function under environmental and anthropogenic stresses. An approach for addressing this challenge is the analysis of the different components contributing to secondary production (i.e., consumer incorporation of organic matter or energy per time unit) and how this production is influenced by external factors. Production studies have been recognized as a powerful tool in aquatic ecology, with applications in energy-biomass flow studies, trophic ecology, management of biological resources, as well as assessment of environmental stress. In this paper, we summarize ideas and techniques related to the estimation of secondary production and discuss how this approach may be used to evaluate ecological change in aquatic ecosystems. We include a critical review of classical methods and empirical models to estimate secondary production and provide several applications of production studies to current stresses affecting aquatic ecosystems, such as climate change, pollution, and the introduction of non-indigenous invasive species. Our goal is to illustrate the advantages of using secondary production as a more integrative tool for the assessment of the ecosystem function, in particular when subjected to strong anthropogenic and climatic stress. Un des grands defis auxquels sont confrontes les ecologistes est la comprehension de la dynamique et de la fonction des ecosystemes soumis a des stress environnementaux et anthropiques. Une approche permettant d'aborder cette question est l'analyse des differents elements qui participent a la production secondaire (c'est-a-dire l'incorporation par les consommateurs de matiere organique ou d'energie par unite de temps) et l'influence de facteurs externes sur cette production. Il est reconnu que les etudes de production constituent un puissant outil en ecologie aquatique, dont les applications touchent l'etude des flux d'energie--de biomasse, l'ecologie trophique, la gestion des ressources biologiques, ainsi que l'evaluation des stress environnementaux. L'article presente un survol des concepts et techniques touchant a l'estimation de la production secondaire et aborde l'utilite de cette approche pour l'evaluation des changements ecologiques dans les ecosystemes aquatiques. Il comprend un examen critique des methodes classiques et des modeles empiriques utilises pour estimer la production secondaire et presente plusieurs applications d'etudes de production a des stress affectant les ecosystemes aquatiques a l'heure actuelle, comme les changements climatiques, la pollution et l'introduction d'especes envahissantes non indigenes. L'article a ainsi pour but d'illustrer les avantages que presente l'utilisation de la production secondaire comme outil integratif pour evaluer la fonction des ecosystemes, plus particulierement ceux qui sont soumis a d'importants stress anthropiques et climatiques. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Among major present-day concerns for ecologists and policymakers is the assessment of the status and integrity of ecosystems subject to environmental and anthropogenic stressors. Biodiversity, natural productivity, and stability [...]

Published
2012
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6. The BenBioDen database, a global database for meio-, macro- and megabenthic biomass and densities

Author

Stratmann, Tanja, van Oevelen, Dick, Arbizu, Pedro Martínez, Wei, Chih-Lin, Liao, Jian-Xiang, Cusson, M., Scrosati, R. A., Archambault, Philippe, Snelgrove, P., Ramey-Balci, P. A., Burd, B. J., Kenchington, E, Gilkinson, K., Belley, R., Soetaert, K., Stratmann, Tanja, van Oevelen, Dick, Arbizu, Pedro Martínez, Wei, Chih-Lin, Liao, Jian-Xiang, Cusson, M., Scrosati, R. A., Archambault, Philippe, Snelgrove, P., Ramey-Balci, P. A., Burd, B. J., Kenchington, E, Gilkinson, K., Belley, R., and Soetaert, K.

Abstract

Benthic fauna refers to all fauna that live in or on the seafloor, which researchers typically divide into size classes meiobenthos (32/64 μm–0.5/1 mm), macrobenthos (250 μm–1 cm), and megabenthos (>1 cm). Benthic fauna play important roles in bioturbation activity, mineralization of organic matter, and in marine food webs. Evaluating their role in these ecosystem functions requires knowledge of their global distribution and biomass. We therefore established the BenBioDen database, the largest open-access database for marine benthic biomass and density data compiled so far. In total, it includes 11,792 georeferenced benthic biomass and 51,559 benthic density records from 384 and 600 studies, respectively. We selected all references following the procedure for systematic reviews and metaanalyses, and report biomass records as grams of wet mass, dry mass, or ash-free dry mass, or carbon per m2 and as abundance records as individuals per m2. This database provides a point of reference for future studies on the distribution and biomass of benthic fauna.

Published
2020

7. The BenBioDen database, a global database for meio-, macro- and megabenthic biomass and densities

Author

Balcı, Patricia A. Ramey (ORCID 0000-0002-5224-8863 & YÖK ID 261777), Stratmann, T.; van Oevelen, D.; Martínez Arbizu, P.; Wei, C.-L.; Liao, J.-X.; Cusson, M.; Scrosati, R.A.; Archambault, P.; Snelgrove, P.V.R.; Burd, B.J.; Kenchington, E.; Gilkinson, K.; Belley, R.; Soetaert, K., College of Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Balcı, Patricia A. Ramey (ORCID 0000-0002-5224-8863 & YÖK ID 261777), Stratmann, T.; van Oevelen, D.; Martínez Arbizu, P.; Wei, C.-L.; Liao, J.-X.; Cusson, M.; Scrosati, R.A.; Archambault, P.; Snelgrove, P.V.R.; Burd, B.J.; Kenchington, E.; Gilkinson, K.; Belley, R.; Soetaert, K., College of Sciences, and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics

Abstract

Benthic fauna refers to all fauna that live in or on the seafloor, which researchers typically divide into size classes meiobenthos (32/64 µm–0.5/1 mm), macrobenthos (250 µm–1 cm), and megabenthos (>1 cm). Benthic fauna play important roles in bioturbation activity, mineralization of organic matter, and in marine food webs. Evaluating their role in these ecosystem functions requires knowledge of their global distribution and biomass. We therefore established the BenBioDen database, the largest open-access database for marine benthic biomass and density data compiled so far. In total, it includes 11,792 georeferenced benthic biomass and 51,559 benthic density records from 384 and 600 studies, respectively. We selected all references following the procedure for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and report biomass records as grams of wet mass, dry mass, or ash-free dry mass, or carbon per m2 and as abundance records as individuals per m2. This database provides a point of reference for future studies on the distribution and biomass of benthic fauna., European Union (European Union), EMODnet Thematic Lot n° 5 Biology; European Union’ (European Union); Horizon 2020; Research and Innovation Programme; JPI Oceans – Impacts of deep-sea nodule mining project “MiningImpact 2”; Dutch Research Council; Dutch Research Council, Research Programme NWO-Rubicon

Published
2020

14. La prénylation des protéines chez les insectes : cible prometteuse pour le développement d'insecticides biorationnels ciblant les Lépidoptères ?

Author

Barbar, A. and Cusson, M.

Subjects
Lepidoptera, lcsh:GE1-350, lcsh:Biotechnology, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, fungi, food and beverages, protein prenylation, FPP synthase, GGPP synthase, protein-prenyltransferases, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Enzymes, mechanism of action
Abstract

Protein prenylation in insects: a potential target for the development of bio-rational insecticides targeting the Lepidoptera?. Short-chain prenyltransferases (farnesyl diphosphate synthase [FPPS] and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase [GGPPS]) and protein-prenyltransferases (farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase) are enzyme families involved in the synthesis of C15 and C20 prenyl moieties and in their attachment to the carboxyl-termini of a variety of eukaryotic proteins, respectively. Given that protein prenylation is an important post-translational modification essential for the localization and activation of many proteins, these enzymes have been the focus of many studies in mammals, with a view to developing new therapeutic tools for the treatment of cancer. In insects, only FPPS and GGPPS have been characterized to date. FPPS displays unique features in the Lepidoptera, thereby making it a potential target for the development of bio-rational insecticides that can disrupt key pathways, such as juvenile hormone biosynthesis and protein prenylation. Further characterization of insect FPPS and GGPPS, and biochemical investigations of insect protein-prenyltransferases may provide the foundation for the development of bio-rational insecticides targeting protein prenylation.

Published
2014

21. Large-scale variation in combined impacts of canopy loss and disturbance on community structure and ecosystem functioning.

Author

Crowe, T, Cusson, M, Bulleri, F, Davoult, D, Arenas, F, Aspden, R, Benedetti-Cecchi, L, Bevilacqua, S, Davidson, I, Defew, E, Fraschetti, S, Golléty, C, Griffin Migné, JN, Herkül, K, Kotta, J, Migné, A, Molis, Markus, Nicol, SK, Noël, LM-LJ, Sousa Pinto, I, Valdivia, Nelson, Jenkins, SR, Crowe, T, Cusson, M, Bulleri, F, Davoult, D, Arenas, F, Aspden, R, Benedetti-Cecchi, L, Bevilacqua, S, Davidson, I, Defew, E, Fraschetti, S, Golléty, C, Griffin Migné, JN, Herkül, K, Kotta, J, Migné, A, Molis, Markus, Nicol, SK, Noël, LM-LJ, Sousa Pinto, I, Valdivia, Nelson, and Jenkins, SR

Abstract

Ecosystems are under pressure from multiple human disturbances whose impact may vary depending on environmental context. We experimentally evaluated variation in the separate and combined effects of the loss of a key functional group (canopy algae) and physical disturbance on rocky shore ecosystems at nine locations across Europe. Multivariate community structure was initially affected (during the first three to six months) at six locations but after 18 months, effects were apparent at only three. Loss of canopy caused increases in cover of non-canopy algae in the three locations in southern Europe and decreases in some northern locations. Measures of ecosystem functioning (community respiration, gross primary productivity, net primary productivity) were affected by loss of canopy at five of the six locations for which data were available. Short-term effects on community respiration were widespread, but effects were rare after 18 months. Functional changes corresponded with changes in community structure and/or species richness at most locations and times sampled, but no single aspect of biodiversity was an effective predictor of longer-term functional changes. Most ecosystems studied were able to compensate in functional terms for impacts caused by indiscriminate physical disturbance. The only consistent effect of disturbance was to increase cover of non-canopy species. Loss of a canopy algae temporarily reduced community resistance to disturbance at only two locations and at two locations actually increased resistance. Resistance to disturbance-induced changes in gross primary productivity was reduced by loss of canopy algae at four locations. Location-specific variation in the effects of the same stressors argues for flexible frameworks for the management of marine environments. These results also highlight the need to analyse how species loss and other stressors combine and interact in different environmental contexts.

Published
2013

22. The stability of European rocky shore assemblages: variation across a latitudinal gradient and the role of canopy-forming macroalgae.

Author

Bulleri, F., Benedetti-Cecchi, B., Cusson, M., Arenas, F., Aspden, R., Bertocci, I., Crowe, T. P., Davoult, D., Eriksson, B. K., Fraschetti, S., Golléty, C., Griffin, J., Jenkins, S. R., Kotta, J., Kraufvelin, P., Maggi, E., Molis, M., Sousa-Pinto, I., Terlizzi, A., Valdivia, N., Paterson, D. M., Bulleri, F., Benedetti-Cecchi, B., Cusson, M., Arenas, F., Aspden, R., Bertocci, I., Crowe, T. P., Davoult, D., Eriksson, B. K., Fraschetti, S., Golléty, C., Griffin, J., Jenkins, S. R., Kotta, J., Kraufvelin, P., Maggi, E., Molis, M., Sousa-Pinto, I., Terlizzi, A., Valdivia, N., and Paterson, D. M.

Abstract

Compensatory dynamics, overyielding and statistical averaging are mechanisms promoting the temporal stability of natural communities. Using the model of European intertidal rocky shore assemblages and collating 17 datasets, we investigated how the strength of these stability-enhancing mechanisms varies with latitude and how it can be altered by the loss of habitat-formers (e.g. canopy-forming macroalgae). Community stability decreased with increasing latitude, mostly as a consequence of a greater synchronization of species fluctuations. Statistical averaging and overyielding (i.e. richness effects) promoted stability, but their strength did not vary with latitude. The experimental removal of macroalgal canopies caused a strengthening of the statistical averaging effect that was consistent across the latitudinal gradient investigated. Nonetheless, the loss of canopies depressed stability by enhancing the synchronization of species fluctuations on southernmost shores, while it had weak effects on shores at higher latitudes. Variation in life-history traits among canopy-forming species and/or in prevailing environmental conditions across a gradient of latitude could underlie variable effects of habitat-formers on species fluctuations. Our study shows i) that the stability of intertidal assemblages and strength of compensatory dynamics varies with latitude, ii) that canopy-forming macroalgae, exerting a strong control on understorey species, can influence the strength of compensatory dynamics and iii) that biological forcing (i.e. facilitation) can be as important as environmental forcing in enhancing the synchronization of species fluctuations.

Published
2012

25. Interactions between Bacillus thuringiensis and parasitoids of late-instar larvae of the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Author

Schoenmaker, A., Cusson, M., van Frankenhuyzen, K., Schoenmaker, A., Cusson, M., and van Frankenhuyzen, K.

Abstract

We investigated interactions between Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki and parasitoids that attack late instars of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). In a petri-dish arena, females of Tranosema rostrale rostrale (Brishke) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were able to discriminate between untreated fourth instars and fourth instars that had been given a known dose of a commercial product (Foray 48B). When the choice tests were conducted before host mortality due to B. thuringiensis had occurred among treated larvae (24 h post ingestion), the parasitoid attacked untreated larvae more readily. When females were given a choice between control larvae and treated larvae that were still alive 72 h post ingestion, they were able to discriminate between the two only when the larvae had been treated with at least a 50% lethal dose. Under laboratory conditions, female T. r. rostrale were thus able to detect and avoid treated larvae that exhibited a lethal response to the pathogen, and to a lesser extent larvae that had survived pathogen exposure. The ability of the latter was not apparent under field conditions. When treated and untreated larvae were exposed for 1 week to a complex of indigenous parasitoids in the field, there was no difference between treatments in the rates of parasitism by either T. r. rostrale or Actia interrupta Curran (Diptera: Tachinidae). Parasitism averaged 91% for larvae in the control treatment compared with 92% for larvae treated with Foray 48B. The field data suggest that spruce budworm larvae that survive exposure to B. thuringiensis are just as likely to be parasitized as unexposed, healthy larvae. This means that prolonged development of late-instar spruce budworm larvae after treatment with B. thuringiensis could possibly result in increased attack rates by parasitoids.

Published
2001

30. Impact of punctual mutations in the cap gene of Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDNV) on virus assembly and infectivity to Ld 652 cells and Spodoptera littoralis larvae

Author

Iatrou, Kostas, Couble, Pierre, Abd-Alla, A., Jousset, F-X., Cousserans, F., Bergoin, M., Abe, H., Fujii, T., Mita, K., Ajimura, M., Shimada, T., Sahara, K., Tamura, T., Altstein, M., Hariton, A., Davidovitch, M., Ben-Aziz, O., Barat-Houari, M., Hilliou, F., Jousset, F.-X., Sofer, L., Deleury, E., Rocher, J., Ravallec, M., Galibert, L., Feyereisen, R., Fournier, P., Volkoff, A-N., Baxter, Simon W., Chamberlain, Nicola, Papa, Riccardo, Humphray, Sean J., ffrench-Constant, Richard H., McMillan, W. Owen, Jiggins, Chris D., Behere, G.T., Russell, D., Batterham, P., Tay, W. T., Beldade, P., Rudd, S., Gruber, J.D., Long, A.D., Breugelmans, B., Simonet, G., de Velde, S. Van, Soest, S. Van, Smagghe, G., Broeck, J. Vanden, Clark, R., Brown, S., Heckel, D., Jiggins, C. D., Collins, S., Vogler, A. P, Chamberlain, N., Baxter, S., Jiggins, C., ffrench-Constant, R.H., Chortyk, O., Friz, J., Thompson, C., Kumar, P., Tice, C., Vertin, B., Palli, R., Kumar, M., Meyer, A., Meteyer, T., Smith, H., Cress, D., Li, B., Hormann, R., Collinge, Derek, Gordon, Karl, Behm, Carolyn, Whyard, Steve, Alençon, d', Audant, E., Bernard-Samain, P., Bidegainberry, S., Brehélin, V., Brun-Barale, M., Cousserans, A., Duvic, C., Escoubas, B., Feyereisen, J-M., Fournier, R., Gagneur, Ph., Gordon, C., Gimenez, K., Heckel, S., Hotelier, D., Hilliou, Th., Mita, F., Negre, K., Sabourault, V., Suraporn, C., Volkoff, S., Weissenbach, N., Maria, De Simone Anna, Angela, Sorrentino, Francesca, Di Cara, Polito, Lino, Anna, Digilio F., Drezen, J-M, Bezier, A., Lesobre, J., Huguet, E., Dupuy, C., Eleftherianos, I., Millichap, P. J., Felföldi, G., Gökcen, F., Waterfield, N., Clarke, D. J., ffrench-Constant, R. H., Reynolds, S. E., Elias, M., Joron, M., Willmott, K., Kaiser, V., Silva-Brandão, K. L., Freitas, A.V.L., Arias Mejía, C., Gomez Pineres, L.M., Brower, A.V.Z., Escoubas, J.-M., Girard, P.-A., Volkoff, N., Boublik, Y., D'Alençon, E., Taillez, P., Brehélin, M., Venekei, I., Fischer, H. M., Wheat, C. W., Wittstock, U., Heckel, D. G., Vogel, H., Freitak, D., Katsuma, S., Futahashi, R., Fujiwara, H., Garel, Annie, Briolay, Jérôme, Brouilly, Patrick, Royer, Corinne, Sasanuma, Shun-ichi, Sasanuma, Motoe, Keime, Céline, Gandrillon, Olivier, Chavancy, Gérard, Mita, Kasuei, Geber, M., Faye, I., Terenius, O., Goldsmith, M., Proestou, D., Carter, D., Nicholson, E., Wu, C., Zhang, H., Gopinathan, K. P., Parthasarathy, R., Dhawan, S., Gordon, K., Colebatch, G., Campbell, P.M., Horne, I., East, P.D., Hughes, T.M., Marcus, J.M., Serbielle, C., Douris, V., Lalmanach, G., Iatrou, K., Iga, Masatoshi, Sekimoto, Takayuki, Elmogy, Mohamed, Iwami, Masafumi, Sakurai, Sho, Jacquin-Joly, E., Merlin, C., Malpel, S., Pelletier, J., Brigaud, I., François, M-C., Maïbèche, M., Jarvis, D.L., Aumiller, J.J., Geisler, C., Hensley, J., Hollister, J.R., Shi, X., Jiggins, Chris D, Joron, Mathieu, Mallet, James, Jostova, P., Svatos, A., Pichova, Iva, Kadono-Okuda, K., Ito, K., Nohata, J., Yamamoto, K., Sasanuma, M., Sasanuma, S., Eguchi, R., Hara, W., Kiyokawa, I., Kobayashi, I., Uchino, K., Sezutsu, H., Kanda, T., Miura, T., Ohashi, T., Katayama, K., Kourti, A., Gkouvitsas, T., Kusakabe, T., Mon, H., Takahashi, M., Lee, J.M., Kawaguchi, Y., Labropoulou, V., Stefanou, D., Magkrioti, C., Andronopoulou, E., Swevers, L., Lapointe, R., Tanaka, K., Barney, W., Whitfield, J., Banks, J., Béliveau, C., Stoltz, D., Webb, B.A., Cusson, M., Lee, Siu Fai, Heckel, David G., Li, Yi, Guarino, Linda A., Li, Muwang, Li, Minhui, Guo, Qiuhong, Miao, Xuexia, Hou, Chengxiang, Lin, Hongxuan, Huang, Yongping, Li, Lan, Zheng, Sichun, Ladd, Tim, Zhang, Dayu, Buhlers, Deborah, Krell, Peter J., Arif, Basil M., Retnakaran, Arthur, Feng, Qili, Doucet, Daniel, Machado, Ednildo, Swevers, Luc, Makhijani, Kalpana, Bharathi, V, Kannan, Ramakrishnan, Shashidhara, L S, Mauchamp, Bernard, Jalabert, Audrey, Rocha, Martine Da, Grenier, Anne-Marie, Labas, Valérie, Vinh, Joëlle, Mita, Kazuei, Kadono-Okuda, Keiko, Miao, Yungen, Yue, Wanfu, Li, Xinghua, Wu, Xiaofeng, Miller, T.A., Park, Y., Ren, X., Kasahara, M., Sasaki, S., Nagayasu, Y., Yamada, T., Kanamori, H., Namiki, N., Kitagawa, M., Yamashita, H., Yasukochi, Y., Rvikumar, G., Shimomura, M., Nagamura, Y., Shin-I, T., Morishita, S., Sasaki, T., Sugahara, R., Monteiro, Antónia, Chen, Bin, Ramos, Diane, Kamal, Firdous, Glaser, Gary, Stockslager, Steven, Nieberding, C., Schneider, V., Vos, H. De, Lassance, J.M., Lofstedt, C., Brakefield, P.M., Nighorn, A., Papanicolaou, A., Blaxter, M.L., Jiggins, C.D., Papantonis, A., Sourmeli, S., Lecanidou, R., Rocha, M. Da, Royer, C., Pennacchio, F., Falabella, P., Varricchio, P., Malva, C., Pohl, Nelida, Sison-Mangus, Marilou, Briscoe, Adriana D., Saenko, S.V., Satish, V., Shukla, J.N., Nagaraju, J., Frank, Scholz, Tine, Lesch, Susann, Beez, Traute, Holthusen, Ines, Anderl, Geuenich, Silvia, Tina, Trenczek, Kojima, K., Niimi, T., Hatakeyama, M., Shiotsuki, Takahiro, Tan, An-Jiang, Tamura, Toshiki, Simpson, Robert, Newcomb, Richard, Beuning, Lesley, Yauk, Yah-Khing, Crowhurst, Ross, Gatehouse, Heather, Gatehouse, Laurence, Markwick, Ngaire, Chagne, Dave, Gleave, Andrew, Christeller, John, Strand, M. R., Soin, T., Loocke, K. Van, Wheelock, C., Harada, T., Akamatsu, M., Nakagawa, Y., Truman, JW, Hiruma, K, Allee, JP, MacWhinnie, SGB, Champlin, D, Riddiford, LM, Turnbull, M.W., Vitkova, M., Kubickova, S., Marec, F., Kroymann, J., Mithöfer, A., Boland, W., Vogt, R.G., Franco, M-d., Bohbot, J, Fernandez, K., Kobres, P., Hanna, J., Poppy, J., Webb, Bruce A., Gill, Torrence A., Fath-Goodin, Angelika, Kroemer, Jeremy, Wedde, M., Altincicek, B., Vilcinskas, A., Wee, Choon Wei, Robin, Charles, Heckel, David G, Wheat, Christopher W., Labandeira, Conrad, Andolfatto, P., Feng, Q., Simpson, R., Vogel, Heiko, Williams, A. K., Xia, Qingyou, Zhou, Zeyang, Lu, Cheng, Xiang, Zhonghuai, Zhang, Liang, Yamamoto, Kimiko, Narukawa, Junko, Nohata, Junko, Suetsugu, Yoshitaka, Minami, Hiroshi, Shimomura, Michihiko, Yukuhiro, K., Itoh, M., Banno, Y., Kômoto, N., Kosegawa, E., Hirokawa, M., Tatematsu, K., Nishimura, M., Maekawa, H., Kawanishi, Y., Nakajima, Y., and Krell, Peter J

Subjects
Article
Published
2007

38. Victim-choice polymorphia among serious sex offenders.

Author

Guay, Jean-Pierre, Proulx, Jean, Cusson, Maurice, Ouimet, Marc, Guay, J P, Proulx, J, Cusson, M, and Ouimet, M

Subjects
SEX offenders, SEXUAL abuse victims, SEX crimes, CRIME victims
Abstract

The victim-choice polymorphia of 178 sexual aggressors divided into six subtypes, incest offenders, pseudoincest offenders, sexual aggressors of familiar children, sexual aggressors of unfamiliar children, sexual aggressors of familiar women, and sexual aggressors of unfamiliar women, was compared. Results showed that sex offenders remained stable in their choice of victim from one offence to another in terms of victim age, victim gender, and aggressor-victim relationship. Subjects characterised by high levels of polymorphia were pseudoincest offenders and sexual aggressors of familiar women, whereas sexual aggressors of both unfamiliar women and unfamiliar children were characterised by low levels of polymorphia. Recommendations regarding how to further refine sex offender typologies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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44. Remarques pratiques sur le tenia

Author

Cusson, M and Cusson, M

Abstract

https://patrimoniodigital.ucm.es/r/thumbnail/626395, https://patrimoniodigital.ucm.es/r/item/5318294191

46. Why Delinquency?

Author

Cusson, M.

Subjects
CRIME, VIOLENCE, DYSFUNCTIONAL families
Abstract

In trying to ascertain why delinquent behavior is so prevalent among young people across all strata of society, the author finds that delinquency actually offers more advantages for youth than might generally be imagined. In behaving violently against society, the delinquent adolescent can satisfy many desires, resolve deeply felt problems, live intensely, and thoroughly enjoy himself or herself. Delinquency usually means survival in the face of danger—it is an expression of self‐assertion that can lead to some of the most desirable human objectives: pleasure, wealth, security, power and glory. Crime may be said to be deeply rooted in human nature because it fulfills basic human needs. As long as man continues to be man, crime will remain for some a most attractive means by which to assert one's humanity. However, there are at least two other basic human needs that crime cannot fulfill: the needs for security and affection. A "life of crime" is continually lonely and frustrating—virtually impossible to live without a constant attitude of thoroughly enervating paranoia. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1983

50. Large-scale variation in combined impacts of canopy loss and disturbance on community structure and ecosystem functioning

Author

Markus Molis, Aline Migné, E. C. Defew, Stuart R. Jenkins, Fabio Bulleri, Stefano Vaselli, Laure M.-L. J. Noël, John N. Griffin, Dominique Davoult, Rebecca J. Aspden, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Isabel Sousa Pinto, Sophie K. Nicol, Jonne Kotta, Nelson Valdivia, Tasman P. Crowe, Simonetta Fraschetti, Claire Golléty, Francisco Arenas, Mathieu Cusson, Stanislao Bevilacqua, Kristjan Herkül, I. Davidson, Crowe, Tp, Cusson, M, Bulleri, F, Davoult, D, Arenas, F, Aspden, R, Benedetti Cecchi, L, Bevilacqua, Stanislao, Davidson, I, Defew, E, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Golléty, C, Griffin, Jn, Herkül, K, Kotta, J, Migné, A, Molis, M, Nicol, Sk, Noël LM, Lj, Sousa Pinto, I, Valdivia, N, Vaselli, S, Jenkins, Sr, European Commission, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sediment Ecology Research Group, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, Crowe, Tasman P., Cusson, Mathieu, Bulleri, Fabio, Davoult, Dominique, Arenas, Francisco, Aspden, Rebecca, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Davidson, Irvine, Defew, Emma, Golléty, Claire, Griffin, John N., Herkül, Kristjan, Kotta, Jonne, Migné, Aline, Molis, Marku, Nicol, Sophie K., Noël, Laure M. -L. J., Pinto, Isabel Sousa, Valdivia, Nelson, Vaselli, Stefano, Jenkins, Stuart R., School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare [Rome, Italie] (CoNISma), Département des Sciences Fondamentales [Chicoutimi] (DSF), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Ecogéochimie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Benthiques (EFEB), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research [Matosinhos, Portugal] (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Department of Biological Environmental Science and Technology, Marine Biological Association, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Laboratory of Coastal Biodiversity, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Centro des Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Unita de Biologia Marina, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, European Community [GOCE-CT-2003-505446], Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology, Universidade do Porto, Benedetti-Cecchi, L, Bevilacqua, S, Fraschetti, S, and Noël, LM-LJ

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Aquatic Organisms, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], QH301 Biology, Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, Adaptation, Biological, DIVERSITY, lcsh:Medicine, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Climate change, Conservation of Natural Resource, lcsh:Science, Multivariate Analysi, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Aquatic Organism, Community structure, Marine Ecology, Europe, Conservation of Natural Resources, Multivariate Analysis, Rhodophyta, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all), INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY, Community Ecology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, BIODIVERSITY LOSS, Ecosystem Functioning, Coastal Ecology, Research Article, Marine Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecosystems, QH301, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Adaptation, ASSEMBLAGES, Biology, Community Structure, Species Extinction, Population Dynamic, STABILITY, ROCKY SHORES, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, Primary production, 15. Life on land, Biological, Species Interactions, Disturbance (ecology), 13. Climate action, Earth Sciences, Environmental science, IDENTITY, lcsh:Q, MARINE BIODIVERSITY, Species richness, PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY
Abstract

The project was carried out within the framework of the MarBEF Network of Excellence ‘Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning’ which was funded by the Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystems Programme of the European Community’s Sixth Framework Programme (contract no. GOCE-CT-2003-505446). Additional funding was provided by participating institutions and the Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology. Ecosystems are under pressure from multiple human disturbances whose impact may vary depending on environmental context. We experimentally evaluated variation in the separate and combined effects of the loss of a key functional group (canopy algae) and physical disturbance on rocky shore ecosystems at nine locations across Europe. Multivariate community structure was initially affected (during the first three to six months) at six locations but after 18 months, effects were apparent at only three. Loss of canopy caused increases in cover of non-canopy algae in the three locations in southern Europe and decreases in some northern locations. Measures of ecosystem functioning (community respiration, gross primary productivity, net primary productivity) were affected by loss of canopy at five of the six locations for which data were available. Short-term effects on community respiration were widespread, but effects were rare after 18 months. Functional changes corresponded with changes in community structure and/or species richness at most locations and times sampled, but no single aspect of biodiversity was an effective predictor of longer-term functional changes. Most ecosystems studied were able to compensate in functional terms for impacts caused by indiscriminate physical disturbance. The only consistent effect of disturbance was to increase cover of non-canopy species. Loss of canopy algae temporarily reduced community resistance to disturbance at only two locations and at two locations actually increased resistance. Resistance to disturbance-induced changes in gross primary productivity was reduced by loss of canopy algae at four locations. Location-specific variation in the effects of the same stressors argues for flexible frameworks for the management of marine environments. These results also highlight the need to analyse how species loss and other stressors combine and interact in different environmental contexts. Publisher PDF

Published
2013

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