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To review the available bibliographic data to identify the best screening methods to detect potential obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients during dental clinical practice. Relevant studies published up to April 2020 were sourced from PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and LILACS databases. Thirty studies were selected. For adults, the screening methods available to the dentist included questionnaires, scales, indexes, pulse oximetry, and anatomical factors. A combination of questionnaires is potentially the most reliable method to detect OSA risk. For children, only information on questionnaires and anatomical factors was found; two questionnaires accurately identified potential OSA risk cases. Anatomical factors also displayed a significant relation with OSA for both populations. Dentists have a fundamental role in early detection of potential OSA cases since they can use the methods identified in this review to perform an initial screening of the population. OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea; PSG: Polysomnography; HST: Home sleep study; BMI: Body mass index; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; AHI: Apnea hypopnea index; RDI: Respiratory disturbance index; ODI: Oxygen desaturation index; PSQ: Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire; SRBD: Sleep-related breathing disorder; CSHQ: Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemifacial microsomia is the second most common congenital anomaly of the craniofacial region. Hemifacial microsomia is characterised by unilateral hypoplasia of the ear. Treatment of this condition depends on the severity of the lesion. The treatment of hemifacial microsomia must be carried out by a multidisciplinary group of professionals familiar with this pathology, including plastic surgeons, parapsychologists, orthodontists, and paediatricians. In hemifacial microsomia, microtia is usually accompanied by alterations of the middle ear. Since the ear develops embryonically from the first and second branchial arches, the facial areas that also develop from these embryonic origins are usually affected to a greater or lesser degree, including through hypoplasia of the jaw, maxilla, zygomatic bones, and temporal bone, among others. Although jaw hypoplasia is the most evident deformity in craniofacial microsomia, microtia is the alteration that often has the greatest aesthetic impact on patients. Alterations in dentition are also common, typically presenting as a cephalad inclination of the anterior occlusal plane of the maxilla and mandible on the affected side. This study aims to review the surgical approach and evaluate the results of a paediatric case of hemifacial microsomia. Hemifacial microsomia is present at birth, and successful reconstruction is essential for the correct integration of such infantile patients into society. Multiple facial asymmetries as well as neonatal onset are a challenge for reconstructive surgery, and the importance of multidisciplinary treatment in these patients must be emphasised.

Background: The objective was to investigate the influence of the material and dimensions of the orthodontic archwire on the pain and anxiety in adult patients in orthodontic treatment with brackets., Material and Methods: A randomized prospective triple-blind clinical pilot study was conducted at the Dental Clinic of the University of Salamanca. The study sample comprised 30 adult patients who started orthodontic treatment with brackets. This sample was divided into two groups: the NiTi group (n=15) and Cu-NiTi group (n=15). Pain was analyzed with a visual analogue scale (VAS) and anxiety with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Anxiety was assessed at the start of treatment (T0) and after one month (T1). Pain was analyzed at the start of treatment (T0), at different time points at the start (T01), and after 4 (T02), 24 (T03), and 48 hours (T04); these measurements were also recorded one month after starting orthodontic treatment (T11, T12, T13, and T14)., Results: The mean age of patients was 31.3 (± 6.05) years old. The highest level of pain, at the beginning of treatment, was observed after 48 hours (5.57 ± 1.72) and at one month after starting treatment at 24 hours (5.13 ± 1.89), with no significant differences between the two groups. When analyzing anxiety, no differences were observed between groups; the anxiety levels were higher one month after starting treatment compared to the start. Regarding the correlation between pain and anxiety, the NiTi group showed a greater direct relationship (<0.05) between these two variables at the start of treatment in the anxiety trait in relation to pain at T02 and T03 and after a month in T12, T13, and T14., Conclusions: In the sample studied, there was no significant influence of the size or material of the orthodontic archwire on pain and anxiety levels. Key words: Orthodontics, Brackets, Archwire, Pain, Anxiety, NiTi, Cu-NiTi., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Medicina Oral S.L.)

Objective: To review the available bibliographic data to identify the best screening methods to detect potential obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients during dental clinical practice., Methods: Relevant studies published up to April 2020 were sourced from PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and LILACS databases., Results: Thirty studies were selected. For adults, the screening methods available to the dentist included questionnaires, scales, indexes, pulse oximetry, and anatomical factors. A combination of questionnaires is potentially the most reliable method to detect OSA risk. For children, only information on questionnaires and anatomical factors was found; two questionnaires accurately identified potential OSA risk cases. Anatomical factors also displayed a significant relation with OSA for both populations., Conclusion: Dentists have a fundamental role in early detection of potential OSA cases since they can use the methods identified in this review to perform an initial screening of the population., Abbreviations: OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea; PSG: Polysomnography; HST: Home sleep study; BMI: Body mass index; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; AHI: Apnea hypopnea index; RDI: Respiratory disturbance index; ODI: Oxygen desaturation index; PSQ: Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire; SRBD: Sleep-related breathing disorder; CSHQ: Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Background: Sacubitril-valsartan has been shown to reduce hospitalizations and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction. The PIONEER-HF trial demonstrated that initiation of the drug during acute HF hospitalization reduced NT-proBNP levels and a post-hoc analysis of the trial found a reduction in HF hospitalizations and deaths. Real-life studies in the elderly population are scarce. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of sacubitril-valsartan versus angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in elderly patients who initiate this treatment during hospitalization for acute HF., Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Spanish acute heart failure registry (RICA) comparing rehospitalizations and deaths at 3 months and 1 year among patients aged 70 years or older who had initiated treatment with sacubitril-valsartan during hospitalization for acute HF versus those treated with ACEI., Results: One hundred and ninety-nine patients hospitalized between October 2016 and November 2020 were included, with a median age of 82 years and high rate of comorbidity. Of these, 107 were treated with sacubitril-valsartan and 92 with ACEI. The adjusted OR for readmission for HF at 3 months was 0.906 (95% CI: 0.241-3.404) and for the combined variable readmission for HF or death at 3 months was 0.696 (95% CI: 0.224-2.167). The adjusted OR for HF readmission at one year was 0.696 (95% CI: 0.224 -2.167). and for the combined variable HF readmission or death at one year 0.724 (95% CI: 0.325-1.612)., Conclusion: Treatment with sacubitril-valsartan initiated early in hospitalization for HF in elderly patients with high comorbidity was associated with a trend towards a reduction in readmissions and death due to HF compared to treatment with ACEI, which did not reach statistical significance either at 3 months or 1 year of follow-up., (© 2022 JGC All rights reserved; www.jgc301.com.)