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well known for its insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-rheumatic and antibiotic properties, Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Essential oil (EO), is effective in repelling and controlling many different pest species. The present study evaluates in vitro efficacy of turmeric EO against ectoparasitic tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)annulatus collected from their natural host, domesticated cows. Repellency and toxicity of the EO on ectoparasitic ticks was analyzed with petri dish choice bioassay and AIT (Adult immersion test) against adult engorged females and nymphal stages of ticks. The Repellency Concentration (RC50) and Lethal Concentration (LC50) reproductive index, inhibition of oviposition and egg hatchability of treated ticks were estimated. GC-MS analysis identified Ar-turmerone as the major phytochemical, which induces adulticidal and repellant properties of EO. The nymphal stages of the ticks exhibited greater repellency on application of EO than the adult stage. Also, EO induced effective mortality in adult ticks. Further, this lethal concentration is capable of producing a decreased output in reproductive parameters namely, fecundity, % of oviposition and egg hatchability in surviving ticks thereby considerably reducing Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) R(B). annulatus population on its host. This study reveals the potency C. longa EO to be used as an effective pest control agent against R (B). annulatus infestation that can serve as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiotherapy combined with a radiosensitizer represents an important treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Only a few chemotherapy agents are currently approved as radiosensitizers for targeted therapy. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the deadliest cancers, with approximately ~500,000 new diagnosed cases and 145,000 deaths worldwide per year. The incidence of new cases continues to increase in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Croton tonkinensis and Curcuma longa on cell viability in OSCC cells. The HNSCC cell line OML1 and its radiation-resistant clone OML1-R were used. The anticancer effect and the mechanism of action of Croton tonkinensis and Curcuma longa in OSCC cells were analyzed by using cell viability assays, Western blot analysis, and Tranwell migration assays. The results showed that Croton tonkinensis concentration-dependently reduced the viability of OML1 and OML1-R (radioresistant) cells by downregulating the levels of AKT/mTOR mediators, such as p110α, p85, pAKT (ser473), p-mTOR (ser2448), and p-S6 Ribosomal (ser235/236). We found that cotreatment of OML1 and OML1R cells with either zVAD-FMK (apoptosis inhibitor), Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor), or chloroquine (CQ, an autophagy inhibitor) markedly reduced cell death. These results demonstrate that Croton tonkinensis exhibits anti-proliferation activity and highlight the therapeutic potential of small-molecule inhibitors against PI3K/mTOR signaling for radiosensitization in HNC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is an economically valuable spice crop widely utilized for its culinary and medicinal properties. It is mainly regarded as a triploid and is commonly propagated vegetatively by rhizomes. But occasional seed setting and open pollinated progenies have been reported in this crop. Understanding of genetic variability in conjunction with ploidy level offers insights into the multifaceted diversity existing in the crop. In this study, we carried out the phenotypic evaluation of turmeric diversity panel consisting of 93 turmeric genotypes and estimated their ploidy levels using flow cytometry. Phenotypic characterization was based on 25 characters that includes the general plant morphological characters, rhizome characters, yield and curcuminoids content. Flow cytometry is a potent and convenient method for ploidy level determination across plant species. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that among the 93 genotypes, majority were triploids (84) and nine were tetraploids. Most of the tetraploids have origins as seedling progenies while few are germplasm collection. Phenotypic characterization revealed significant genetic variation among 93 genotypes. It was found that triploids and tetraploids differ significantly in their plant height, number of shoots, number of leaves on main shoot, petiole length, leaf length, length of mother rhizome, length of primary rhizomes, length of secondary rhizomes, girth of secondary rhizomes, inner core diameter of primary rhizome, weight of mother rhizomes per plant, weight of primary rhizomes per plant, rhizome weight per plant and dry rhizome weight per plant. Further, variability analysis revealed that the characters, number of shoots per plant, length of mother rhizome, weight of mother rhizomes per plant, weight of rhizome per plant and dry weight of rhizome per plant were the most important traits with high genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance for selection across ploidy levels. This is the first report of phenotypic evaluation of large turmeric diversity panel combined with ploidy level. As the ploidy information helps in development and selection of suitable seedling progenies in turmeric, this helps to improve clonal selection by enhancing variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is an herbaceous plant that contains a phytochemical which is bright yellow and is known as curcumin. Turmeric, a member of Zingiberaceae family, has extensive application worldwide due to its beneficial medicinal attributes and is extensively used as a medicinal plant. Most people use turmeric as a spice, and it is a chief source of polyphenol curcumin. Curcuma longa has therapeutic properties, and since the initial extraction of curcumin from this plant, it has gained prodigious consideration from scientists in the medical field. The biological properties of curcumin, also known as 1,7‐bis (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione, or diferuloylmethane, include anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, anti‐cancer, anti‐asthmatic, anti‐arthritic, neuroprotective, anti‐diabetic, anti‐obesity, wound‐healing, hepatoprotective, skin curative, reproductive role, etc. This work has reviewed many clinical trials and their findings about these activities. The focus of this review manuscript is concentrated on the presently existing clinical and animal studies, which exposed the possible anti‐retroviral activities of curcumin and its by‐products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The therapeutic properties of turmeric essential oil have been extensively documented in both preclinical and clinical studies. Research indicates that its primary active compounds are promising candidates for addressing a wide range of pathologies, exhibiting anticancer, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, cardiovascular, hypoglycemic, dermatological, hepatoprotective, neurological, antiparasitic, antiviral, insecticidal, antifungal, and antivenom activities. While numerous compounds possess similar potential applications, the isolated active constituents of turmeric essential oil stand out due to their unique pharmacological profiles and absence of toxicity. This literature review meticulously compiles and analyzes the bioactivities of these constituents, emphasizing their molecular mechanisms of action, reported pharmacological effects, and potential therapeutic applications. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of currently available clinical and preclinical findings related to individual turmeric essential oil compounds, while also identifying critical knowledge gaps. By summarizing these findings, this work encourages further research into the isolated compounds from turmeric oil as viable drug candidates, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a further scale-up trial from the previously reported process optimization study on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Indonesian medicinal plant extracts. The present study utilized Phyllanthus niruri (PN) herb extracts, Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) leaf extracts, and Curcuma longa (CL) rhizome extracts as reducing agents to synthesize AgNPs on a larger scale. Upscaling increased the synthesis volume (from 100 mL to 1000 mL) and the centrifugation volume (from 1 mL to 40 mL) at various durations at 70°C for 60 min. The results showed that the minimum centrifugation duration to obtain optimal AgNPs was 5 minutes. The formation AgNPs were then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size and zeta potential analyzer, and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results showed the spherical silver nanoparticles with an average particle size (MI) of 169 nm (PN), 179.1 nm (OS), and 623 nm (CL), polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.2202 (PN), 0.2579 (OS), and 0.00872 (CL) and the face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure. The green synthesis method using PN and OS extracts proved effective, environmentally friendly, safe, and cost-effective for the synthesis of AgNPs. The findings of this study have the potential to provide a green synthesis method for the production of AgNPs on a larger scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Curcuma longa (Cl) shows potential effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in various organs. This research sought to explore how Cl affects learning and memory deficits caused by inhaled paraquat (PQ), along with oxidative stress in the brain, as well as systemic inflammation in rats. Methods: Rats inhaled either saline (Ctrl) or PQ aerosols during the experiment. The PQ groups were administered saline (PQ group), 0.03 mg/kg/day dexamethasone (Dexa), 150 and 600 mg/kg/day Cl (Cl-L and Cl-H), 5 mg/kg/day pioglitazone (Pio), and Cl-L + Pio for 16 days during the PQ exposure period. The evaluation of learning and memory abilities was conducted by implementing the Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance tests. Results and discussion: Total and differential WBC numbers were increased in the PQ group, along with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum and brain despite the levels of thiol, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) which were lower compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The escape latency and traveled distance were increased in the PQ group. However, the time spent in the target quadrant in the MWM test and duration of time latency in the dark room were reduced after receiving an electrical shock (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). In all treated groups, measured values were improved than the PQ group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The combination of Cl-L + Pio showed more pronounced effects compared to either treatment alone (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Conclusion: Cl, Pio and their combination improved PQ-induced memory dysfunction, brain oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in rats, and PPARγ receptor contribution on the effects of Cl was suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of thioacetamide (TAA) on the structure and function of the testes and assess the therapeutic effects of Curcuma longa (Cl) against TAAinduced toxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male albino rats weighing 180-200 gm and aged 11-12 weeks were randomly separated into four groups. The control group was given normal saline, the Cl group was orally administered Cl (500 mg/kg/day), the TAA group received intraperitoneal TAA (200 mg/kg body weight, three times/week), and the Cl with TAA group received Cl orally two hours before TAA administration. After 8 weeks, all rats were anesthetized, and body and testis weights were recorded. Morphological and histological assessments as well as biochemical analyses were conducted. Results: The study revealed a significant decrease in both body and testis weights in the TAA group, accompanied by a substantial increase in luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Testosterone (T) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased in the TAA-treated group compared to the control. Conversely, the Cl-treated group exhibited a substantial decrease in LH, FSH, and MDA levels while showing a significant increase in T and GSH. Conclusion: Cl has been found to have a potential therapeutic role in mitigating TAA-induced testicular damage by acting as an antioxidant. This is supported by a significant decrease in oxidative stress markers and supporting hormonal levels. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and explore the clinical applicability of Cl in preventing and treating testicular toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract well known for its insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-rheumatic and antibiotic properties, Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Essential oil (EO), is effective in repelling and controlling many different pest species. The present study evaluates in vitro efficacy of turmeric EO against ectoparasitic tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)annulatus collected from their natural host, domesticated cows. Repellency and toxicity of the EO on ectoparasitic ticks was analyzed with petri dish choice bioassay and AIT (Adult immersion test) against adult engorged females and nymphal stages of ticks. The Repellency Concentration (RC50) and Lethal Concentration (LC50) reproductive index, inhibition of oviposition and egg hatchability of treated ticks were estimated. GC-MS analysis identified Ar-turmerone as the major phytochemical, which induces adulticidal and repellant properties of EO. The nymphal stages of the ticks exhibited greater repellency on application of EO than the adult stage. Also, EO induced effective mortality in adult ticks. Further, this lethal concentration is capable of producing a decreased output in reproductive parameters namely, fecundity, % of oviposition and egg hatchability in surviving ticks thereby considerably reducing Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) R(B). annulatus population on its host. This study reveals the potency C. longa EO to be used as an effective pest control agent against R (B). annulatus infestation that can serve as an alternative to synthetic pesticides.

Abstrac: In this study, we investigated the structural characteristics, immunostimulatory activities, and anti-cancer effects of turmeric-derived polysaccharides (TPE-I). Several results related to the structural features revealed that TPE-I possesses a typical rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-I structure. Furthermore, macrophage cytokine secretion was significantly reduced by partial side chain and main chain cleavage of TPE-I via sequential enzymatic and chemical degradation. In contrast, the administration of TPE-I effectively enhanced the cytotoxic effects of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes against tumor cells. Additionally, the administration of TPE-I potently inhibited lung cancer induced by Colon26-M3.1, and this efficacy persisted even in mice with NK cell function blocked by anti-asialo GM1 antibody. Consequently, it was confirmed that TPE-I, a RG-I type polysaccharide purified from turmeric, has potent anticancer effects which are closely related to immunostimulation. The results of this study support the hypothesis that curcuminoids are not the only bioactive substances present in turmeric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thioacetamide (TAA) is known to cause damage to various organs, including the testes, posing a significant health threat. On the other hand, Curcuma longa (Cl) has been recognized for its antioxidant properties, suggesting a potential protective role against TAA-induced toxicity in the testes. Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of TAA on testicular function and structure while exploring the therapeutic and protective potential of C. longa versus TAA toxicity. Methods: Thirty-two male albino rats, with an age range of 11–12 weeks and a weight range of 180-200 g, were randomly allocated into four distinct groups. The control group received normal saline, while the Cl group ingested Cl orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg daily. The TAA group, received TAA through intraperitoneal injections at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight three times per week. Lastly, the Cl with TAA group received Cl orally 2 hours before the TAA injections. After 8 weeks of treatment, we anesthetized the rats and saved blood samples for biochemical analysis. Results: The study revealed significant alterations in various biochemical parameters in the TAA-treated group, as compared with the control. Specifically, there was a significant increase in bilirubin, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), white blood cells (WBCs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and platelets (PLT) levels. Conversely, the Cl-treated group exhibited significant reductions in these parameters, along with notable increases in red blood cells (RBCs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and hemoglobin (HB). Conclusion: C. longa demonstrates a protective effect on the testes against TAA-induced toxicity, potentially attributed to its antioxidant properties. This suggests a promising avenue for the use of Cl in mitigating the harmful effects of TAA on testicular function and structure. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(7.000): 1585-1595]

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease (ND), has been plaguing healthcare and health policy agencies due to its ever-soaring impact globally. It is timely to develop appropriate measures to combat global AD burden. Due to structural and functional similarity, rodent models offer the best alternative to study AD pathogenesis and therapeutics. In this special issue, the present article reviews the state-of-the-art findings on AD model animals from the alternative and integrative medicinal point of view. Our integrative therapeutic agents include fungi (Ganoderma lucidum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), Indian black berry (black plum, jamun) (Syzygium cumini), and madecassoside (derived from Centella asiatica). Their bio-components, especially flavonoids, polyphenols, and tri-terpenoids, resist oxidative stress, amyloid beta fibrillation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels; improve anti-oxidative prowess; and improve learning-related memory and anxiety-like behavior in AD model animals. Most of the findings described here are outcomes of our own studies. However, our claims have been substantiated with evidence from some other studies in the relevant field. As a whole, integrative medicinal approaches towards AD pathogenesis using these natural products seem promising in AD protection.

Background: The Trichuris eggs are collected from naturally infected sheep. Natural antihelmintics such as herbal medicines are needed as an alternative, such as natural compounds from endemic plants. Aim: This present study aims to evaluate the ovicidal activity and cytotoxicity effects of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa (EECL) and Camelia sinensis (EECS) as a biological anthelmintic against the egg of Trichuris sp. Methods: The Trichuris eggs are collected from naturally infected sheep. CMC-Na solution 1% was used as control. The treatments were 0.12% EECL; 0.24% EECL; 0.15% EECS; 0.30% EECS; combination of 0.12% EECL and 0.30% EECS; combination 0.24% EECL; and 0.15% EECS. Ovicidal activity testing by microscopic examination of eggs treated using different concentrations of EECL extract, EECS and a combination of them. They were exposed for various times (7, 14, 21 and 28 days) and incubated at room temperature. Results: The study shows that combination of Curcuma longa extract and tea extract exhibits good ovicidal anthelmintic activity against the Trichuris sp. in sheep. Cytotoxicity examination using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Based on MTT data processed using regression analysis, the obtained LC50 from administration of EECL, EECS and a combination of both in a ratio of 1:1, 2:2, 1:2 and 2:1. The combination of EECL extract and EECS with the highest concentration produced cell viability of 28.46%, 17.25%, 56.01%, and 46.47%, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the most cytotoxic ingredient is found in the combination of EECL and EECS (2:2) at 17.25% and the safest is in the ratio (1:2) at 56.01%. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(6.000): 1467-1475]

Aging-related disorders pose significant challenges due to their complex interplay of physiological and metabolic factors, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Curcumin, a natural compound with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has emerged as a promising candidate for mitigating these age-related processes. However, gaps in understanding the precise mechanisms of curcumin's effects and the optimal dosages for different conditions necessitate further investigation. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on curcumin's potential in addressing age-related disorders, emphasizing its impact on cognitive function, neurodegeneration, and muscle health in older adults. By evaluating the safety, efficacy, and mechanisms of action of curcumin supplementation, this review aims to provide insights into its therapeutic potential for promoting healthy aging. A systematic search across three databases using specific keywords yielded 2256 documents, leading to the selection of 15 clinical trials for synthesis. Here, we highlight the promising potential of curcumin as a multifaceted therapeutic agent in combating age-related disorders. The findings of this review suggest that curcumin could offer a natural and effective approach to enhancing the quality of life of aging individuals. Further research and well-designed clinical trials are essential to validate these findings and optimize the use of curcumin in personalized medicine approaches for age-related conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The inhalation of paraquat (PQ), one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, can result in lung injury. Curcuma longa (Cl) has long history in traditional and folk medicine for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including respiratory diseases. Aim: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the preventive effect of Cl on inhaled PQ‐induced lung injury in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups (n = 7), one group exposed to saline (control) and other groups exposed to PQ aerosol. Saline (PQ), Cl extract, (two doses), curcumin (Cu), pioglitazone (Pio), and the combination of Cl‐L + Pio and dexamethasone (Dex) were administered during the exposure period to PQ. Total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, oxidant and antioxidant indicators in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF), interleukin (IL)‐10, and tumor necrosis alpha (TNF‐α) levels in the lung tissues, lung histologic lesions score, and air way responsiveness to methacholine were evaluated. Results: WBC counts (Total and differential), malondialdehyde level, tracheal responsiveness (TR), IL‐10, TNF‐α and histopathological changes of the lung were markedly elevated but total thiol content and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were decreased in the BALF in the PQ group. Both doses of Cl, Cu, Pio, Cl‐L + Pio, and Dex markedly improved all measured variables in comparison with the PQ group. Conclusion: CI, Pio, and Cl‐L + Pio improved PQ‐induced lung inflammation and oxidative damage comparable with the effects of Dex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a significant trend to improve poultry zootechnical performances by biological methods to avoid the unwanted chemical growth factor's introduction into breeding process. Medicinal plants and their derivatives are good candidates to achieve this goal. Thus, this work aimed at evaluating the effect of poultry feed supplementation with the spices Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale on the zootechnical performance, serological, and microbiological parameters of Ross 308 chicken. To achieve this purpose, 180 chicks divided into five groups and reared for 12 days. The experimental groups consisted of a control group receiving a conventional feed without antibiotics and four groups receiving a conventional feed with 0.5 and 1% turmeric and ginger doses, respectively. Results of the experiment revealed that supplementing the feed with 0.5% turmeric powder increased live weight, and average daily gain and decreased feed conversion compared to the other groups. Turmeric powder supplement (0.5 and 1%) affected blood serum parameters by decreasing triglyceride and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations. In comparison, the incorporation of 0.5% ginger in the diet decreased triglyceride concentrations, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferases (ASAT), and alanine aminotransferases (ALAT). Cecum bacteriological analysis showed a total absence of coliforms, Salmonella sp., Clostridium sp., and lactic acid bacteria in the chick groups supplemented with different doses of turmeric and ginger (0.5 and 1%, respectively). Within this study's limits, using these two studied spices as additives in poultry feed allowed us to conclude that supplementing with 0.5% turmeric powder positively impacted the evaluated parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease (ND), has been plaguing healthcare and health policy agencies due to its ever-soaring impact globally. It is timely to develop appropriate measures to combat global AD burden. Due to structural and functional similarity, rodent models offer the best alternative to study AD pathogenesis and therapeutics. In this special issue, the present article reviews the state-of-the-art findings on AD model animals from the alternative and integrative medicinal point of view. Our integrative therapeutic agents include fungi (Ganoderma lucidum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), Indian black berry (black plum, jamun) (Syzygium cumini), and madecassoside (derived from Centella asiatica). Their bio-components, especially flavonoids, polyphenols, and tri-terpenoids, resist oxidative stress, amyloid beta fibrillation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels; improve anti-oxidative prowess; and improve learning-related memory and anxiety-like behavior in AD model animals. Most of the findings described here are outcomes of our own studies. However, our claims have been substantiated with evidence from some other studies in the relevant field. As a whole, integrative medicinal approaches towards AD pathogenesis using these natural products seem promising in AD protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thioacetamide (TAA) is known to cause damage to various organs, including the testes, posing a significant health threat. On the other hand, Curcuma longa (Cl) has been recognized for its antioxidant properties, suggesting a potential protective role against TAA-induced toxicity in the testes. Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of TAA on testicular function and structure while exploring the therapeutic and protective potential of C. longa versus TAA toxicity. Methods: Thirty-two male albino rats, with an age range of 11-12 weeks and a weight range of 180-200 g, were randomly allocated into four distinct groups. The control group received normal saline, while the Cl group ingested Cl orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg daily. The TAA group, received TAA through intraperitoneal injections at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight three times per week. Lastly, the Cl with TAA group received Cl orally 2 hours before the TAA injections. After 8 weeks of treatment, we anesthetized the rats and saved blood samples for biochemical analysis. Results: The study revealed significant alterations in various biochemical parameters in the TAA-treated group, as compared with the control. Specifically, there was a significant increase in bilirubin, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein, white blood cells, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and platelets levels. Conversely, the Cl-treated group exhibited significant reductions in these parameters, along with notable increases in red blood cells, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hemoglobin. Conclusion: C. longa demonstrates a protective effect on the testes against TAA-induced toxicity, potentially attributed to its antioxidant properties. This suggests a promising avenue for the use of Cl in mitigating the harmful effects of TAA on testicular function and structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new sesquiterpenoid, ar-tumerdiol (1) as well as ar-tumerone (2), α-tumerone (3), β-tumerone (4), 4-(1′ ,5′ -dimethyl-3′-oxo-4′-hexenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one (5), turmeronol (6), curcumin (7), and hexahydrocurcumin (8), were isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). The structure of the new sesquiterpenoid was elucidated by chemical and physical evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 1 leprosy reaction / Reversal reaction (RR) is an inflammatory episode in existing leprosy lesions and aggravates the pain rate. Long-term therapy with steroids causes a variety of side effects, so an adjuvant therapy alternative is needed to alleviate steroid use. Curcuma longa rhizome extract has become an anti-inflammatory therapy choice in various previous inflammatory diseases. This study aims to determine the antiinflammatory effect of Curcuma longa rhizome extract as an adjuvant therapy for reversal reaction patients by analyzing serum levels of IL-6 as a marker of inflammation. The pre and post-test randomized single-blinded controlled trial was conducted on two groups, namely control (RR patients with steroid therapy & placebo) and treatment (steroid therapy & Curcuma longa rhizome extract 1 gram/day). IL-6 serum levels were analyzed from sampling before and after the intervention for one month. The serum levels of IL-6 post-test in the control group were significantly higher than those of the pre-test. The treatment group showed lower serum levels of IL-6 post-test compared to pre-test, although there was no significant difference. Curcuma longa rhizome extract 1 gram/day for one month as adjuvant therapy for patients with type 1 leprosy reaction did not significantly reduce serum IL-6 levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Persea americana, Curcuma longa and Allium sativum extracts showed anti-cercariae activity. • Methanol extracts of Persea americana bark and Curcuma longa exhibited the most potent scavenging activity. • Persea americana, Curcuma longa and Allium sativum extracts exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity. • Plant extracts showed low toxicity on kidney Vero cells and murine macrophage cell lines. Schistosomiasis is a devastating parasitic infection, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the use of Praziquantel, the elimination of schistosomiaisis remains a challenge. The use of medicinal plant as treatment in disease endemic regions has provided a basis for investigating the antischistosomal properties of the plants-derived materials. This study therefore stands as a starting point for the search of new drugs against schistosomiasis. This study sought to evaluate the cercaricidal activity of methanolic extracts of Persea americana, Curcuma longa and Allium sativum. Twenty cercariae were exposed to plant extract concentrations ranging from 3.9 to 103 µg/ml. The antioxidant study was carried out using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was conducted by assessing the potential through albumin denaturation inhibition assay. The in vitro safety and phytochemical composition of plant extracts were also assessed. Cercaricidal tests revealed significant anti-cercariae activity of plant extracts at sublethal concentrations with LC 50 values ranging from 7.67 ± 3.40 to 56.07 ± 2.53 µg/ml with C. longa extract being the most potent cercaricidal. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts revealed that methanol extracts of P. americana bark and C. longa have the most potent antioxidant scavenging activities with SC 50 values ranging from 91.47 ± 5.83 to 138.75 ± 5.73 µg/ml. Anti-inflammatory analysis showed that plant extracts exhibited most potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting protein denaturation. At 125 µg/ml, A. sativum, C. longa, P. americana root, bark, stem and leaf extracts showed 33.89, 108.26, 93.37, 108.18, 93.96 and 118.15 % inhibitions respectively, while the standard drug Diclofenac sodium (125 µg/ml) produced 24.67 % inhibition. Plant extracts also showed low toxicity on kidney Vero cells and murine macrophage cell lines with IC 50 values ranging between 132.15 ± 40.66 and 549.3 ± 43.70 µg/ml. The phytochemical composition of plant extracts shows that the plants are rich in at least five of saponins, cardiac glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. These results suggest that methanolic extract of C. longa and P. americana showed a potent activity against S. mansoni cercariae with potent antioxidant scavenging activities and can mitigate the inflammatory effect of schistosome eggs within egg-infested tissue, combating the devastating effect of S. mansoni infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review presents an analysis of publications devoted to identifying the biological activity, component composition, pharmacological properties, and therapeutic potential of various components of the Curcuma longa plant. In preparing this publication, we mainly used articles from the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The analysis showed that Curcuma longa contains a wide range of biologically active substances, including curcuminoids, volatile oils, resins, and alkaloids. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, neuroprotective, antiproliferative, and a number of other effects. Thus, Curcuma longa has high therapeutic potential and can be a promising raw material for drug development effective for various diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, is now considered a candidate drug for the treatment of neurological diseases, including Parkinson's Disease (PD), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Huntington's Disease (HD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and prion disease, due to its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant potential, anticancerous, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antiproliferative, and antibacterial activities. Traditionally, curcumin has been used for medicinal and dietary purposes in Asia, India, and China. However, low water solubility, poor stability in the blood, high rate of metabolism, limited bioavailability, and little capability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) have limited the clinical application of curcumin, despite the important pharmacological activities of this drug. A variety of nanocarriers, including liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, cubosome nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles have been developed with great success to effectively deliver the active drug to brain cells. Functionalization on the surface of nanoparticles with brain-specific ligands makes them target-specific, which should significantly improve bioavailability and reduce harmful effects. The aim of this review is to summarize the studies on curcumin and/or nanoparticles containing curcumin in the most common neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the high neuroprotective potential of this nutraceutical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), traditionally used to treat various ailments including diabetes, has demonstrated beneficial health effects. However, its potential in food formulations requires further investigation. Purpose: This study examined the hypoglycemic effects of an instant powder containing microencapsulated turmeric oleoresin both in vitro and in vivo, alongside an acute toxicity assessment in Holtzman rats. Methods: This study encompassed both in vitro and in vivo evaluations. In vitro, the α-glucosidase (a digestive enzyme) inhibition assay was employed to determine the powder's effectiveness. In vivo assessments included: (1) evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect in mice; (2) conducted safety testing following international guidelines, administering a 2000 mg/kg dose to rats with subsequent monitoring of biochemical parameters; and (3) histological examination of liver, kidney, and spleen tissues for potential harmful effects. Results: The instant powder with turmeric oleoresin microencapsulation demonstrated significant α-glucosidase inhibition in vitro and hypoglycemic effects in vivo. The acute toxicity test at 2000 mg/kg showed no mortality but revealed significant alterations in erythrocyte parameters and hemoglobin percentage. Histological examinations of liver, kidney, and spleen tissues did not differ from those of the control group, though pancreatic tissue was not evaluated in this study. Conclusion: According to this study, the microencapsulated turmeric oleoresin instant powder exhibited antidiabetic effects without signs of overt toxicity at doses up to 2000 mg/kg in rats.

In recent years, there has been a significant trend to improve poultry zootechnical performances by biological methods to avoid the unwanted chemical growth factor's introduction into breeding process. Medicinal plants and their derivatives are good candidates to achieve this goal. Thus, this work aimed at evaluating the effect of poultry feed supplementation with the spices Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale on the zootechnical performance, serological, and microbiological parameters of Ross 308 chicken. To achieve this purpose, 180 chicks divided into five groups and reared for 12 days. The experimental groups consisted of a control group receiving a conventional feed without antibiotics and four groups receiving a conventional feed with 0.5 and 1% turmeric and ginger doses, respectively. Results of the experiment revealed that supplementing the feed with 0.5% turmeric powder increased live weight, and average daily gain and decreased feed conversion compared to the other groups. Turmeric powder supplement (0.5 and 1%) affected blood serum parameters by decreasing triglyceride and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations. In comparison, the incorporation of 0.5% ginger in the diet decreased triglyceride concentrations, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferases (ASAT), and alanine aminotransferases (ALAT). Cecum bacteriological analysis showed a total absence of coliforms, Salmonella sp., Clostridium sp., and lactic acid bacteria in the chick groups supplemented with different doses of turmeric and ginger (0.5 and 1%, respectively). Within this study’s limits, using these two studied spices as additives in poultry feed allowed us to conclude that supplementing with 0.5% turmeric powder positively impacted the evaluated parameters.

Abstract Salinity limits the growth and productivity of crops, to reverse these effects, natural pigments with antioxidant bioactivity can be studied, such as turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and paprika (Capsicum annum L.). Therefore, it aimed to evaluate turmeric and paprika as possible saline stress attenuators and biostimulants during germination and initial development of smooth lettuce seedlings. In the laboratory, the seeds were treated for 1 hour with a solution of paprika and turmeric at doses 0 (negative control), 1, 2, 3 and 4 g L-1, and placed on a substrate with saline solution of sodium chloride 4 g L-1 (-0,4 Mpa), and a positive control, composed of dry seeds arranged in a substrate moistened with distilled water. Physiological quality analysis were carried out, and for the dose that showed the best result (4 g L-1), the treated seeds were grown in a greenhouse, and received weekly applications via foliar with a 4 g L-1 solution for turmeric and paprika. After the crop cycle, morphometric analyzes were performed. The turmeric and paprika solutions were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to identify the presence of bioactive substances. The turmeric doses were not efficient in overcoming the effects of salinity on seeds and seedlings, which was attributed to the low solubility of turmeric in water. Paprika, although it did not provide the biostimulant effect, was efficient in attenuating the effects of excess salt, at a concentration of 4 g L-1, promoting increases in physiological quality. In HPLC, a very low signal response was noted in relation to samples composed of turmeric and paprika solutions, indicating a low percentage of soluble compounds, which compromises bioactivity, and leads to the need for further analyses using surfactants and/or other solvents with which there is greater affinity.

Introduction: Curcuma isolates from different agroclimatic zones in Chhattisgarh have been found to possess a varied spectrum of Curcumin, we set out to learn more about their genetic diversity by molecular fingerprinting in the present study. Methods: Using SSR primers, the genetic variability of 25 Curcuma genotypes has been analyzed. These included the fingerprints of Curcuma longa, Curcuma aromatica, and Curcuma caesia. 13 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers amplified 107 unique fragments across all kinds, whereas 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers amplified 51 unique fragments across all varieties, with 97 % and 86 % showing polymorphism, respectively. Results: A total of 1080 ISSR and 567 SSR loci were amplified across all genotypes; among these, 5 monomorphic and 102 polymorphic alleles were produced in ISSR primers. However, SSR data showed 47 polymorphic and 4 monomorphic alleles. A panel of ISSR and SSR markers calculated DNA fingerprinting, genetic similarity, and distance estimates between Curcuma genotypes. In order to examine the diversity in different Curcuma genotypes, UPGMA data scoring methods were used. Discussion: Curcuma species demonstrate significant genetic variability, which is essential for breeding initiatives focused on creating better cultivars with desirable characteristics such as increased productivity, resistance to diseases, and improved medicinal capabilities.

Curcuma longa is a popular plant around the world with various applications in food and medicinal aspects. An investigation has been conducted on the formulation of Ag/Cu nanocomposite by C. longa as a natural stabilizing agent, without the use of any toxic or harmful reagents. This bio-inspired approach is focused on applicative, facile, and green chemical research. The study also explored the potential of Ag/Cu nanocomposite to prevent dental bacteria growth and prevent adherence in vitro. The biomediated Ag/Cu@ turmeric NCs were characterized by advanced physicochemical techniques. The FE-SEM imaging has established that Ag/Cu@ turmeric has a semi-spherical shape (60.92 nm). The crystallinity of nanocomposite has been confirmed by the XRD technique. Subsequently, the biological activity of the Ag/Cu nanocomposite functionalized with biomolecules was examined. The concentration of 1,000 µg/mL showed the most effective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 16 µg/mL) during the investigation. The addition of Ag/Cu nanocomposite (MIC = 32 µg/mL) significantly hindered the S. mutans in vitro adherence. According to the findings of this research, Ag/Cu nanocomposite could potentially serve as an effective oral hygiene agent for managing periodontopathic and dental caries conditions.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of thioacetamide (TAA) on the structure and function of the testes and assess the therapeutic effects of Curcuma longa (Cl) against TAA-induced toxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male albino rats weighing 180–200 gm and aged 11–12 weeks were randomly separated into four groups. The control group was given normal saline, the Cl group was orally administered Cl (500 mg/kg/day), the TAA group received intraperitoneal TAA (200 mg/kg body weight, three times/week), and the Cl with TAA group received Cl orally two hours before TAA administration. After 8 weeks, all rats were anesthetized, and body and testis weights were recorded. Morphological and histological assessments as well as biochemical analyses were conducted. Results: The study revealed a significant decrease in both body and testis weights in the TAA group, accompanied by a substantial increase in luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hor¬mone (FSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Testosterone (T) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased in the TAA-treated group compared to the control. Conversely, the Cl-treated group exhibited a substantial decrease in LH, FSH, and MDA levels while showing a significant increase in T and GSH. Conclusion: Cl has been found to have a potential therapeutic role in mitigating TAA-induced testicular damage by acting as an antioxidant. This is supported by a significant decrease in oxi¬dative stress markers and supporting hormonal levels. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and explore the clinical applicability of Cl in preventing and treating testicular toxicity. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(3.000): 762-771]

Background and purpose: Highly metastatic breast cancer is a population of cancer cells that has metastasized to other organs in the body leading to apoptosis resistance. It was reported that MDAMB-231 cells contain lower levels of reactive oxygen species associated with metastatic capability. Curcuma longa (CL) possesses cytotoxic effects in several cancer cells including metastatic breast cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CL-inhibited cell migration in highly metastatic breast cancer MDAMB-231 cells. Experimental approach: CL was extracted under maceration with methanol. The cytotoxic effect on single and combination treatment of CL was assessed through the MTT assay. Migration analysis was evaluated using scratch wound healing assay, MMP-9 expression by gelatine zymography, Rac-1, and MMP-9 gene expression using Real-Time Quantitative Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The apoptosis induction was analyzed through Bax gene expression and Bcl-2 protein expression. Findings/Results: We found that CL inhibits the growth of MDAMB-231 cells, induces Bax gene expression, and suppresses Bcl-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, cancer cell migration was suppressed by the presence of CL. qRT-PCR and gelatine zymography assay showed that CL downregulates Rac-1 and MMP-9 gene expression. Conclusion and implications: CL could inhibit the growth and migration of highly metastatic breast cancer cells by reducing the Rac-1 gene expression and regulating apoptosis protein expression.

Background: Extensive use of antibiotics has led to emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), hence, challenging the treatment of clinical bacterial isolates. Herbal agents like Curcuma longa (Turmeric) have gained prominence for their wide-ranging effects. This study aimed to identify antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of pure and processed Curcuma longa on respiratory tract bacterial isolates to develop an effective and sustainable treatment option. Methods: This study was conducted from March to October 2023 at Medical Technology Laboratory, Ziauddin University. The antibacterial activity of pure and processed Curcuma longa ethanolic extracts against Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae was checked by agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined through microdilution method. Phytochemical composition was qualitatively analyzed and cytotoxic potentials of Curcuma longa were tested through MTS assay. Mean values of turmeric extracts were compared by student’s t-test through SPSS version 17. p-value

Objective: Curcuma longa Rhizome (CLR), due to its potent antioxidant phytochemical constituents, was investigated for its effects on bisphenol A (BPA)-induced cardiovascular and renal damage.Materials and Methods: Sixty rats were randomly selected, and grouped as control, BPA (100 mg/ kg), BPA and CLR 100 mg/kg, BPA and CLR 200 mg/kg, CLR 100 mg/kg, and CLR 200 mg/kg for 21 days. Oxidative stress indices, antioxidant status, blood pressure parameters, genotoxicity, and immunohistochemistry were determined.Results: Rats exposed to the toxic effects of BPA had heightened blood pressure, lowered frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes compared with rats treated with CLR. Moreover, administration of CLR significantly (p

Sophisticated analytical instruments are used for quality evaluation and scientific validation to compliance the market demands. Recently, increase in demand of Curcuma longa has led to a high swing in small and medium food industry. The present review is devoted to an in-depth information on metabolite database of C. longa from different analytical techniques such as high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. This work highlights different extraction methods, phytochemistry along with structure activity relationship, nutritional profiling, market viability and pharmacology of C. longa. The bioactives of C. longa depends on various factors such as plants growth, temperature, humidity, soil type, collection, drying and extraction process. These factors can contribute in quality evaluation of the food supplements if need to be included. The introduction of omics approaches can helpful to explore the quality and identification of potential lead of C. longa. The results could play an essential role in the area of food-phyto based profiling. Further, metabolomics techniques may provide an analytical platform by combination of different “omics” data sources for future research to food and herbal based products.

AbstractThe ubiquity and versatility of curcumin (CUR) as a bioactive compound found in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals create the need for its obtainment in the purest forms from the parent plants, especially Curcuma longa. To have efficient synthesis, extraction, and purification of CUR, environmentally sustainable, green, cost-affordable, and safe methods are of immense significance. To this end, we consider recent advancements in CUR extraction, purification, and biosynthesis in this review. The conventional and novel high-throughput techniques employed in CUR extraction including enzyme-assisted, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, pressurized liquid (subcritical), supercritical fluid, pulsed electric fields-assisted, and ionic liquids-based extraction techniques were comprehensively discussed. The chemical/bio-syntheses of CUR were considered, and the recent advancements in metabolic engineering strategies to enhance the production of CUR were deliberated. Furthermore, novel technologies associated with CUR purification, such as column chromatography, semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, high-speed counter-current chromatography, preparative supercritical fluid chromatography, and crystallization were discussed in detail. We concluded by discussing the pilot scale and industrial production and food applications of CUR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inflammations, oxidative stress, and pains underlie the pathogenesis of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like respiratory disorders and cancer; however, they are scientifically treated with Curcuma longa. Therefore, the pharmacological screening (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic) of the plant's rhizome, isolation and characterization of its compounds, as well as their in silico profiling with cyclooxygenases, phosphodiesterase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase could yield lead compounds with better benefit-to-risk ratio against oxidative stress and inflammation. Methods: The collection of the plant's rhizomes, extract preparation, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant studies, retrieval of target proteins, GC-MS, ADME, and docking analyses were done using standard protocols. Results: Curcuma longa 's percentage edema inhibition and analgesic potentials were better than aspirin in both acute and sub-acute inflammations as well as chemical and thermal-induced pains; moreover, its antioxidant activities were better than vitamin C. Moreover, twenty compounds with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities were unraveled from the GC-MS analysis. Ar-tumerone, curcumin, γ-sitosterol, α-tocopherol, isocurcumenol, adamantane, and curdione were the lead compounds based on their binding affinities (for PDE-4B, COX-1, COX-2, SOD, CAT, GPx), lower molecular weights, non-permeation of blood brain barrier, bioavailability profiles, non-inhibition of metabolizing enzymes, faster renal clearance, and non-violation of Lipinski's rules. Conclusion: Adamantane, α-tocopherol, and γ-sitosterol reported for the first time in the plant's rhizome could mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation as mediators of apoptosis, cytotoxic impaired autophagy, DNA damages, and mitochondrial dysfunction that contributes to the progression of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the leaves of five South Indian medicinal plants Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Curcuma longa, Moringa oleifera and Psidium guajava against nine clinical pathogens (Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes). Plant extracts were prepared using solvents such as acetone, ethanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and Water at the concentration of 100 mg/ml. Bacteria were cultured in the minimal medium and the colonies characteristic features were studied to ascertain their purity. An agar diffusion methodology was adopted to determine the antibacterial activity of plants extract aginst the test organisms. The mimimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of acetone and ethonal plants extracts was evaluated. All the given pathogens were sensitive to acetone and ethanol extracts of the medicinal plants, followed by choloroform, and pertroluem ether extracts displayed the moderate antibacterial activity. The aqueous extracts of the plant leaves were scored the least antimicrobial action. Except aqueous extract, the Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes were significantly sensitive to plants extracts. The MIC values of most of test organsism lie in between 700 µl/ml to 1000 µl/ml of plant extracts. Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera and Psidium guajava exhibited the board antimicrobial action against the given pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a real gynecological problem among women of reproductive age from 15 to 49. A recent analysis showed that 75% of women will have an occurrence at least once per year, while 5% are observed to have recurrent vaginal mycosis—these patients may become unwell four or more times a year. This pathology is caused in 85–90% of cases by fungi of the Candida albicans species. It represents an intractable medical problem for female patients due to pain and pruritus. Due to the observation of an increasing number of strains resistant to standard preparations and an increase in the recurrence of this pathology when using local or oral preferential therapy, such as fluconazole, an analysis was launched to develop alternative methods of treating VVC using herbs such as dill, turmeric, and berberine. An in-depth analysis of databases that include scientific articles from recent years made it possible to draw satisfactory conclusions supporting the validity of herbal therapy for the pathology in question. Although phytotherapy has not yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, it appears to be a promising therapeutic solution for strains that are resistant to existing treatments. There is research currently undergoing aimed at comparing classical pharmacotherapy and herbal therapy in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis for the purpose of increasing medical competence and knowledge for the care of the health and long-term comfort of gynecological patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Highly metastatic breast cancer is a population of cancer cells that has metastasized to other organs in the body leading to apoptosis resistance. It was reported that MDAMB-231 cells contain lower levels of reactive oxygen species associated with metastatic capability. Curcuma longa (CL) possesses cytotoxic effects in several cancer cells including metastatic breast cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CL-inhibited cell migration in highly metastatic breast cancer MDAMB-231 cells. Experimental approach: CL was extracted under maceration with methanol. The cytotoxic effect on single and combination treatment of CL was assessed through the MTT assay. Migration analysis was evaluated using scratch wound healing assay, MMP-9 expression by gelatine zymography, Rac-1, and MMP-9 gene expression using Real-Time Quantitative Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The apoptosis induction was analyzed through Bax gene expression and Bcl-2 protein expression. Findings/Results: We found that CL inhibits the growth of MDAMB-231 cells, induces Bax gene expression, and suppresses Bcl-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, cancer cell migration was suppressed by the presence of CL. qRT-PCR and gelatine zymography assay showed that CL downregulates Rac-1 and MMP-9 gene expression. Conclusion and implications: CL could inhibit the growth and migration of highly metastatic breast cancer cells by reducing the Rac-1 gene expression and regulating apoptosis protein expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Curcuma longa, often known as turmeric, is a highly regarded and extensively utilised medicinal plant native to India. It belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) are the chemical components found in turmeric and are together referred to as curcuminoids. Curcumin, also known as Diferuloylmethane, is a compound that is widely recognised for its diverse range of biological effects. This document presents a discussion on several clinical trials and their corresponding observations related to these activities. Curcumin is a chemical that exists in two different forms depending on the solvent it is in. In organic solvents, it exists in the enolic form, while in water, it exists in the keto form. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the several functions and activities of Curcumin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea, in addition to harming the physical and mental health of women, also disrupt their daily life and quality of life. We aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and curcumin on PMS and dysmenorrhea. PRISMA guideline 2020 was followed for conducting this systematic review. Comprehensive literature searches were conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus. Finally, 17 articles were found after considering the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria into account. Data were extracted and entered into an Excel file for further investigation and drew the results. Curcuma longa and curcumin affect PMS and dysmenorrhea through various mechanisms. They inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the production of prostaglandins, thus reducing inflammation and pain. Additionally, curcumin's antioxidant properties protect against oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation helps maintain hormonal balance, exert analgesic effects, and relieve the symptoms of PMS and dysmenorrhea. They also insert neurotransmitter modulatory properties, such as increased serotonin and dopamine levels, which may contribute to their antidepressant, and sedative effects. Curcuma longa and curcumin indicated promising therapeutic effects in reducing PMS and dysmenorrhea symptoms due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Although, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to establish their efficacy and optimal dosage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]