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AbstractThis article revisits Ottoman history by exploring the enduring relationship between humans and locusts through an animal-human history approach, emphasizing their ‘companionship’ and combined agencies. Instead of focusing on a specific region, the study highlights an empire-wide locust agency by examining the dynamics among humans, locusts, and state policies within the framework of the institutionalization of science. The study traces the evolution of Ottoman locust policies from the Hamidian era’s shift to standardized methods relying on human labor, to the CUP era’s ambitious emphasis on science and increased state racism, categorizing people as ‘ignorant inferiors’. It argues that while scientific knowledge was used to justify state racism to manage locusts and police humans, the resilience of locusts and their relationship with ‘ignorant’ humans and their surrounding environment forced policy changes. By integrating locust agency, this study offers a holistic perspective on the Ottoman past, revealing how locusts, humans, and the state continually influenced each other, and contested the nature of biopolitics and scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The trabeculae-oriented pattern (TOP®) cup was designed to minimize acetabular periprosthetic bone loss. In our previous prospective study comprising 30 patients with a two-year follow-up we found a substantial decrease in periprosthetic bone mineral density (pBMD) in the proximal and medial regions of the TOP cup. The present study aims to investigate pBMD changes in the mid-term and how this affects implant survival. Methods: We followed the previous cohort and estimated implant survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis, evaluated pBMD with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and clinical outcome using the Harris Hip Score (HHS). Results: Mean follow-up was 8.6 (range 7.8–9.1) years. The eight-year implant survival rate for cup revision for all reasons was 83% (95% confidence interval {CI}: 70–97) and 86% (CI: 74–99) when cup revision due to aseptic loosening was the endpoint. Mean HHS at eight years was 95 (range 77–100). A further 12% (CI: 5–17) loss in pBMD was detected in the proximal Digas zone 1 and 12% (CI: 7–17) loss in Digas zone 2 also between two and eight years after surgery. pBMD continued to decrease up to 30% (CI: 24–36) in Digas zones 1, 2 and 3 compared to pBMD immediately postoperatively. Conclusions: The TOP cup shows inferior mid-term survival rates compared to other uncemented cups, as well as a continuous decrease in pBMD. Periprosthetic bone loss cannot be prevented by this uncemented cup. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The trabeculae-oriented pattern (TOP®) cup was designed to minimize acetabular periprosthetic bone loss. In our previous prospective study comprising 30 patients with a two-year follow-up we found a substantial decrease in periprosthetic bone mineral density (pBMD) in the proximal and medial regions of the TOP cup. The present study aims to investigate pBMD changes in the mid-term and how this affects implant survival. Methods We followed the previous cohort and estimated implant survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis, evaluated pBMD with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and clinical outcome using the Harris Hip Score (HHS). Results Mean follow-up was 8.6 (range 7.8–9.1) years. The eight-year implant survival rate for cup revision for all reasons was 83% (95% confidence interval {CI}: 70–97) and 86% (CI: 74–99) when cup revision due to aseptic loosening was the endpoint. Mean HHS at eight years was 95 (range 77–100). A further 12% (CI: 5–17) loss in pBMD was detected in the proximal Digas zone 1 and 12% (CI: 7–17) loss in Digas zone 2 also between two and eight years after surgery. pBMD continued to decrease up to 30% (CI: 24–36) in Digas zones 1, 2 and 3 compared to pBMD immediately postoperatively. Conclusions The TOP cup shows inferior mid-term survival rates compared to other uncemented cups, as well as a continuous decrease in pBMD. Periprosthetic bone loss cannot be prevented by this uncemented cup. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

ÖZ: Bu çalışmada II. Abdülhamid döneminden II. Meşrutiyet dönemine miras kalan Osmanlı Devlet’in göç politikası, Kürt muhacir ve mülteciler özelinde karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde değerlendirilmektedir. Buna göre II. Abdülhamid döneminde, yoğun bir Müslüman muhacir topluluğunun Osmanlı topraklarına gelmesine, Müslüman nüfusun artmasına yol açacağı için olumsuz bir nazarla bakılmadığı görülmektedir. Zira çoğunluğunu Kafkasya’dan gelenlerin oluşturduğu bu muhacirler; savaş, kıtlık, Kürt aşiretlerinin saldırıları veya ekonomik sıkıntılardan ötürü çareyi göç etmekte bulan Ermenilerin bıraktıkları topraklara iskân edilecekleri için doğuda daha güvenli bir bölge oluşturulabilecektir. Bu yaklaşım Meşrutiyet’in ilanından bir süre sonra devam etse de zaman içerisinde bazı değişiklikler yaşanmış, özellikle Türkçülük düşüncesinin bürokraside hâkim olması nedeniyle Müslüman muhacirlerin iskânında İslamî bakış açısının yerini daha çok milliyet eksenli bir anlayış almıştır. Öyle ki Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda savaş mıntıkalarından kaçmak zorunda kalan çok sayıda Kürt mülteci, milliyet ekseninde iskân edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Böyle bir politika izlenmesindeki temel amaç ise göçebe-yarı göçebe bir yaşam sürdüren Kürtlerin, Türklerin çoğunlukta olduğu Anadolu içlerine iskân edilerek yerleşik hayata geçişlerinin sağlanmasıdır. Bu sayede, vergi ve askerlik gibi birtakım mükellefiyetleri yerine getirecekleri planlanmış; kimliklerini, yaşam tarzlarını değiştirmeleriyle birlikte ise faydalı bir unsur olmaları hedeflenmiştir. ABSTRACT: The present study comparatively analyzed the migration policy of the Ottoman Empire inherited from the reign of Abdülhamid II to the Second Constitutional Period, with a special focus on Kurdish muhajirs (migrants, coined from the Arabic word meaning “one who migrated from Mecca to Medina”) and refugees. In this regard, it was observed that the arrival of a significantly large Muslim muhajir group to the Ottoman lands was not viewed negatively during the reign of Abdülhamid II, as it would lead to an increase in the Muslim population. The reason behind this was that these muhajirs, the majority of whom came from the Caucasus, would be settled in the lands left by Armenians who had migrated due to war, famine, attacks by Kurdish tribes, or economic difficulties, and thus a safer region could be created in the east. Although this approach was maintained for an extended period of time after the proclamation of the Constitutional Monarchy, certain changes occurred over time, and the Islamic perspective was replaced by a more nationalist-oriented understanding in the resettlement of Muslim muhajirs, especially as the Turkist idea became dominant in the bureaucracy. Thus, attempts were made to settle many Kurdish refugees fleeing from the war zones during the First World War on the axis of nationality. The main purpose of such a policy was to ensure that the Kurds, who led a nomadic or semi-nomadic life, were settled in Anatolia, where Turks were the majority. In this way, it was envisioned that they would fulfill certain obligations, such as taxation and military service, and that by changing their identities and lifestyles, could become a useful element.

The present study comparatively analyzed the migration policy of the Ottoman Empire inherited from the reign of Ab dülhamid II to the Second Constitutional Period, with a special focus on Kurdish muhajirs (migrants, coined from the Arabic word meaning "one who migrated from Mecca to Medina") and refugees. In this regard, it was observed that the arrival of a significantly large Muslim muhajir group to the Ottoman lands was not viewed negatively during the reign of Abdülhamid II, as it would lead to an increase in the Muslim population. The reason behind this was that these muhajirs, the majority of whom came from the Caucasus, would be settled in the lands left by Armenians who had migrated due to war, famine, attacks by Kurdish tribes, or economic difficulties, and thus a safer region could be created in the east. Although this approach was maintained for an extended period of time after the proclamation of the Constitutional Monarchy, certain changes occurred over time, and the Islamic perspective was replaced by a more nationalist-oriented understanding in the resettlement of Muslim muhajirs, especially as the Turkist idea became dominant in the bureaucracy. Thus, attempts were made to settle many Kurdish refugees fleeing from the war zones during the First World War on the axis of nationality. The main purpose of such a policy was to ensure that the Kurds, who led a nomadic or semi-nomadic life, were settled in Anatolia, where Turks were the majority. In this way, it was envisioned that they wouldfulfill certain obligations, such as taxation and military service, and that by changing their identities and lifestyles, could become a useful element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The unknown tissue of origin in head and neck cancer of unknown primary (hnCUP) leads to invasive diagnostic procedures and unspecific and potentially inefficient treatment options for patients. The most common histologic subtype, squamous cell carcinoma, can stem from various tumor primary sites, including the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, head and neck skin, lungs, and esophagus. DNA methylation profiles are highly tissue-specific and have been successfully used to classify tissue origin. We therefore developed a support vector machine (SVM) classifier trained with publicly available DNA methylation profiles of commonly cervically metastasizing squamous cell carcinomas (n = 1103) in order to identify the primary tissue of origin of our own cohort of squamous cell hnCUP patient’s samples (n = 28). Methylation analysis was performed with Infinium MethylationEPIC v1.0 BeadChip by Illumina. Results The SVM algorithm achieved the highest overall accuracy of tested classifiers, with 87%. Squamous cell hnCUP samples on DNA methylation level resembled squamous cell carcinomas commonly metastasizing into cervical lymph nodes. The most frequently predicted cancer localization was the oral cavity in 11 cases (39%), followed by the oropharynx and larynx (both 7, 25%), skin (2, 7%), and esophagus (1, 4%). These frequencies concord with the expected distribution of lymph node metastases in epidemiological studies. Conclusions On DNA methylation level, hnCUP is comparable to primary tumor tissue cancer types that commonly metastasize to cervical lymph nodes. Our SVM-based classifier can accurately predict these cancers’ tissues of origin and could significantly reduce the invasiveness of hnCUP diagnostics and enable a more precise therapy after clinical validation.

Background: The unknown tissue of origin in head and neck cancer of unknown primary (hnCUP) leads to invasive diagnostic procedures and unspecific and potentially inefficient treatment options for patients. The most common histologic subtype, squamous cell carcinoma, can stem from various tumor primary sites, including the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, head and neck skin, lungs, and esophagus. DNA methylation profiles are highly tissue-specific and have been successfully used to classify tissue origin. We therefore developed a support vector machine (SVM) classifier trained with publicly available DNA methylation profiles of commonly cervically metastasizing squamous cell carcinomas (n = 1103) in order to identify the primary tissue of origin of our own cohort of squamous cell hnCUP patient's samples (n = 28). Methylation analysis was performed with Infinium MethylationEPIC v1.0 BeadChip by Illumina. Results: The SVM algorithm achieved the highest overall accuracy of tested classifiers, with 87%. Squamous cell hnCUP samples on DNA methylation level resembled squamous cell carcinomas commonly metastasizing into cervical lymph nodes. The most frequently predicted cancer localization was the oral cavity in 11 cases (39%), followed by the oropharynx and larynx (both 7, 25%), skin (2, 7%), and esophagus (1, 4%). These frequencies concord with the expected distribution of lymph node metastases in epidemiological studies. Conclusions: On DNA methylation level, hnCUP is comparable to primary tumor tissue cancer types that commonly metastasize to cervical lymph nodes. Our SVM-based classifier can accurately predict these cancers' tissues of origin and could significantly reduce the invasiveness of hnCUP diagnostics and enable a more precise therapy after clinical validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Study of the timing and location for mRNA translation across model systems has begun to shed light on molecular events fundamental to such processes as intercellular communication, morphogenesis, and body pattern formation. In D. melanogaster, the posterior mRNA determinant, oskar, is transcribed maternally but translated only when properly localized at the oocyte’s posterior cortex. Two effector proteins, Bruno1 and Cup, mediate steps of oskar mRNA regulation. The current model in the field identifies Bruno1 as necessary for Cup’s recruitment to oskar mRNA and indispensable for oskar’s translational repression. We now report that this Bruno1-Cup interaction leads to precise oskar mRNA regulation during early oogenesis and, importantly, the two proteins mutually influence each other’s mRNA expression and protein distribution in the egg chamber. We show that these factors stably associate with oskar mRNA in vivo. Cup associates with oskar mRNA without Bruno1, while surprisingly Bruno1’s stable association with oskar mRNA depends on Cup. We demonstrate that the essential factor for oskar mRNA repression in early oogenesis is Cup, not Bruno1. Furthermore, we find that Cup is a key P-body component that maintains functional P-body morphology during oogenesis and is necessary for oskar mRNA’s association with P-bodies. Therefore, Cup drives the translational repression and stability of oskar mRNA. These experimental results point to a regulatory feedback loop between Bruno 1 and Cup in early oogenesis that appears crucial for oskar mRNA to reach the posterior pole and its expression in the egg chamber for accurate embryo development.

Introduction: Bone preservation and long-term survival are the main challenges in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). A good bone stock is especially important for adequate anchorage of the cup in revision cases. However, the optimal acetabular cup design for preserving good bone stock is still unclear. We aimed to compare clinical outcome, radiological alterations, migration, and wear at mid-term for two different cup types. Materials and methods: This retrospective matched-pair study was performed using the data for 98 THA cases treated with a monoblock cup composed of vitamin E-blended highly cross-linked polyethylene (VEPE; monoblock group) or a modular cup composed of a highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) without an antioxidant (modular group). Clinical results were evaluated using the Harris Hip Score (HHS). The obtained radiographs were analyzed for radiological alterations, migration, and wear using Einzel-Bild-Röntgen-Analyse (EBRA) software. Results: The mean follow-up duration was 73.2 ± 19.2 months (range: 32–108 months) and 60.5 ± 12.2 months (range: 20–84 months) in the monoblock and modular groups, respectively. HHS improved to 95.7 points in the monoblock group and 97.6 points in the modular group, without significant differences (p = 0.425). EBRA measurements were obtained in all cases. Acetabular bone alterations were not detected on radiological assessments. Mean cup migration was 1.67 ± 0.92 mm (range: 0.46–3.94 mm) and 1.24 ± 0.87 mm (range: 0.22–3.62 mm) in the monoblock and modular groups. The mean wear rate was 0.21 ± 0.18 mm (range: 0.00–0.70 mm) and 0.20 ± 0.13 mm (range: 0.00–0.50 mm) in the monoblock and modular groups. Both migration and wear pattern showed no significant differences (p = 0.741 and 0.243). None of the cases required revision surgery, yielding an implant survival rate of 100% in both groups. Conclusion: The isoelastic press-fit monoblock VEPE cup and modular metal-back HXLPE cup showed equivalent mid-term wear and cup migration. Long-term studies are required to determine the effects of modularity, isoelasticity, and polyethylene stabilization with vitamin E on cup loosening and survival rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to gain a first explorative view on what intrinsic/extrinsic attributes a generic cup for hot beverage should possess to be perceived as eco-friendly, and how some attributes of a hot beverage could influence consumers' purchase decision and willingness to pay (WTP) for that beverage dispensed by vending machines (VMs). Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire was developed in 2021 and sent to all students of an Italian university campus. For the first goal, students were asked to assign a score to some eco-friendly intrinsic/extrinsic attributes using a five-point Likert scale. For the second aim, a choice experiment with six scenarios was developed. Findings: Both intrinsic and extrinsic attributes play a key role in shaping students' opinions and preferences. Results indicate that students are attracted by the idea of a cup that communicates its environmental properties through corresponding labels and information, and it is made by materials that guarantee biodegradability, recyclability or reusability. Originality/value: The research represents the first academic attempt to provide a first consumers' viewpoint on the importance of eco-friendly attributes of cups for hot beverages able to influence consumers' perceptions and consumption choices of hot beverages dispensed by VMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management of patients with head and neck cancer of unknown primary (HNCUP) is challenging. To provide a long-term analysis focusing on protective survival factors for clinical decision-making. Furthermore, the prognostic value of the current N classification system was evaluated. We retrospectively analyzed patients with HNCUP between 2003 and 2016. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate predictors of overall survival (OS). A primary tumor was found in 67 of 290 patients with suspected HNCUP, leaving after exclusion 141 HNCUP cases for analysis, who received multi-step therapy (MST) (n = 108) or single therapy (n = 28). Chemotherapy (CT) (n = 101), curative MST, ≤3 positive lymph nodes (LN) (n = 33), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n = 123), HPV+ (n = 21), M0 (n = 70) increased OS by 21.8%, 24.4%, 12.7%, 6.8%, 18.7%, 29.6%, respectively. 5- and 10-year OS was 78.1%/66.6%. The number of metastatic LNs predicted OS is better than N classification. Aspects for clinical decision-making: Curative MST and SCC histology were the most significant predictors for improved OS. Categorizing LN into 1, 2-3, and >3 LNs was more significant than the traditional N classification. The addition of CT to curative MST has a stronger impact on survival than HPV and N classifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovations in nest design are thought to be one potential factor in the evolutionary success of passerine birds (order: Passeriformes), which colonized new ecological niches as they diversified in the Oligocene and Miocene. In particular, tyrant flycatchers and their allies (parvorder: Tyrannida) are an extremely diverse group of New World suboscine passerines occupying a wide range of habitats and exhibiting substantial extant variation in nest design. To explore the evolution of nest architecture in this clade, we first described nest traits across the Tyrannida phylogeny and estimated ancestral nest conditions. We then quantified macroevolutionary transition rates between nest types, examined a potential coevolutionary relationship between nest type and habitat, and used phylogenetic mixed models to determine possible ecological and environmental correlates of nest design. The Tyrannida ancestor probably built a cup nest in a closed habitat, and dome nests independently evolved at least 15 times within this group. Both cup- and dome-nesting species diversified into semi-open and open habitats, and we did not detect a coevolutionary relationship between nest type and habitat. Furthermore, nest type was not significantly correlated with several key ecological, life-history and environmental traits, suggesting that broad variation in Tyrannida nest architecture may not easily be explained by a single factor. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: hip revision arthroplasty surgery is a surgical procedure that has been growing in recent years. Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a notable surgical challenge due to the technical difficulty of the surgery itself. Complications of revision surgery includes dislocation, aseptic loosening, and infection. Objective: to compare the clinical-radiological results, as well as the incidence of complications, of two independent samples of patients who underwent revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) with mild-moderate acetabular defects using dual mobility implants compared to monopolar implants. Material and methods: retrospective comparative study of two cohorts of 30 patients who underwent acetabular revision surgery using large 36 mm monopolar heads or dual mobility respectively. All patients had Paprosky type I or II acetabular defects. The results on the VAS scale, WOMAC, and Harry hip score (HHS) were evaluated pre and postoperatively in both cohorts. Likewise, the incidence of postoperative complications and the survival rate between both groups were analyzed. Results: mean follow-up was 5.8 years (1-10.3 years). The difference between the pre and postoperative results in each cohort was significant for the VAS, WOMAC and HHS scale. The differences obtained in these scales between the different study groups did not find significant differences. The incidence of postoperative complications between both cohorts was similar, without finding significant differences. Conclusions: we consider that dual mobility does not provide superiority in terms of clinical-functional results and incidence of postoperative complications with respect to monopolar assemblies in acetabular revision surgery with mild-moderate defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Italian Register of Actionable Mutations (RATIONAL) is a multicentric, observational study collecting next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based tumour profiling data of patients with advanced solid tumours. The study enrols patients who had available an NGS-based tumour profiling (Pathway-A) or undergo comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) with FoundationOne CDx assays within the trial (Pathway-B). The primary endpoint was the rate of actionable mutations identified. Sequencing data were available for 738 patients in Pathway-A (218) and -B (520). In Pathway-A, 154/218 (70.6%) tests were performed using NGS panels ≤52 genes, and genomic alterations (GAs) were found in 164/218 (75.2%) patients. In Pathway-B, CGP revealed GAs in 512/520 (98.5%) patients. Levels I/II/III actionable GAs according to the European Society of Medical Oncology Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT) were identified in 254/554 (45.8%) patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal, gastric, pancreatic and breast cancer. The rate of patients with level I GAs was similar in Pathways A and B (69 versus 102). CGP in Pathway-B revealed a higher number of patients with level II/III GAs (99 versus 20) and potentially germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (58 versus 15) as compared with standard testing in Pathway-A. In patients with cancer of unknown primary, CGP detected OncoKB levels 3B/4 GAs in 31/58 (53.4%) cases. Overall, 67/573 (11.7%) of patients received targeted therapy based on genomic testing. The Italian Register of Actionable Mutations represents the first overview of genomic profiling in Italian current clinical practice and highlights the utility of CGP for identifying therapeutic targets in selected cancer patients. • Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is limited to selected cases in Italy. • European Society of Medical Oncology Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets level I alterations are equally identified by small and large next-generation sequencing panels. • CGP identifies more level II/III alterations and potentially germline variants. • The rate of patients receiving a therapy matched to the genomic profile is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sport for All & Recreation / Herkes Için Spor ve Rekreasyon is the property of Journal of Sport for All & Recreation / Herkes icin Spor ve Rekreasyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study reviews newly discovered insect peptide point mutations as new possible cancer research targets. To interpret newly discovered peptide point mutations in insects as new possible cancer research targets, we focused on the numerous peptide changes found in the 'CSP' family on the sex pheromone gland of the female silkworm moth Bombyx mori. We predict that the Bombyx peptide modifications will have a significant effect on cancer CUP (cancers of unknown primary) therapy and that bacterial peptide editing techniques, specifically Lactobacillus combined to CRISPR, will be used to regulate ribosomes and treat cancer in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The genetic changes sustaining the development of cancers of unknown primary (CUP) remain elusive. The whole‐exome genomic profiling of 14 rigorously selected CUP samples did not reveal specific recurring mutation in known driver genes. However, by comparing the mutational landscape of CUPs with that of most other human tumor types, it emerged a consistent enrichment of changes in genes belonging to the axon guidance KEGG pathway. In particular, G842C mutation of PlexinB2 (PlxnB2) was predicted to be activating. Indeed, knocking down the mutated, but not the wild‐type, PlxnB2 in CUP stem cells resulted in the impairment of self‐renewal and proliferation in culture, as well as tumorigenic capacity in mice. Conversely, the genetic transfer of G842C‐PlxnB2 was sufficient to promote CUP stem cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in mice. Notably, G842C‐PlxnB2 expression in CUP cells was associated with basal EGFR phosphorylation, and EGFR blockade impaired the viability of CUP cells reliant on the mutated receptor. Moreover, the mutated PlxnB2 elicited CUP cell invasiveness, blocked by EGFR inhibitor treatment. In sum, we found that a novel activating mutation of the axon guidance gene PLXNB2 sustains proliferative autonomy and confers invasive properties to stem cells isolated from cancers of unknown primary, in EGFR‐dependent manner.

Abstract Introduction This study aims to compare cup inclination achieved (1) Using two orientation guides, whilst using the same 3-point pelvic positioner and (2) Using two types of pelvic positioners, whilst measuring intra-operative cup inclination with an inclinometer. Materials and methods This is a prospective, diagnostic cohort study of a consecutive series of 150 THAs performed through a posterior approach. Two types of 3-point pelvic positioners were used (Stulberg and modified Capello Hip Positioners) and the cup was positioned freehand using one of two orientation guides (mechanical guide or digital inclinometer). Intra-operative inclination was recorded, radiographic cup inclination and anteversion were measured from radiographs. The differences in inclination due to pelvic position (ΔPelvicPosition) and orientation definitions (ΔDefinition) were calculated. Target radiographic inclination and anteversion was 40/20° ± 10°. Results There was no difference in radiographic cup inclination/ (p = 0.63) using a mechanical guide or digital inclinometer. However, differences were seen in ΔPelvicPosition between the positioners ((Stulberg: 0° ± 5 vs. Capello: 3° ± 6); p = 0.011). Intra-operative inclination at implantation was different between positioners and this led to equivalent cases within inclination/anteversion targets (Stulberg:84%, Capello:80%; p = 0.48). Conclusions With the pelvis securely positioned with 3-point supports, optimum cup orientation can be achieved with both alignment guides and inclinometer. Non-optimal cup inclinations were seen when intra-operative inclinations were above 40° and below 32°, or the ΔPelvicPosition was excessive (> 15°; n = 2). We would thus recommend that the intra-operative cup inclination should be centered strictly between 30° and 35° relative to the floor. Small differences exist between different type of pelvic positioners that surgeons need to be aware off and account for.

The genetic changes sustaining the development of cancers of unknown primary (CUP) remain elusive. The whole‐exome genomic profiling of 14 rigorously selected CUP samples did not reveal specific recurring mutation in known driver genes. However, by comparing the mutational landscape of CUPs with that of most other human tumor types, it emerged a consistent enrichment of changes in genes belonging to the axon guidance KEGG pathway. In particular, G842C mutation of PlexinB2 (PlxnB2) was predicted to be activating. Indeed, knocking down the mutated, but not the wild‐type, PlxnB2 in CUP stem cells resulted in the impairment of self‐renewal and proliferation in culture, as well as tumorigenic capacity in mice. Conversely, the genetic transfer of G842C‐PlxnB2 was sufficient to promote CUP stem cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in mice. Notably, G842C‐PlxnB2 expression in CUP cells was associated with basal EGFR phosphorylation, and EGFR blockade impaired the viability of CUP cells reliant on the mutated receptor. Moreover, the mutated PlxnB2 elicited CUP cell invasiveness, blocked by EGFR inhibitor treatment. In sum, we found that a novel activating mutation of the axon guidance gene PLXNB2 sustains proliferative autonomy and confers invasive properties to stem cells isolated from cancers of unknown primary, in EGFR‐dependent manner. Synopsis: Genetic changes sustaining the development of Cancers of Unknown Primary (CUP) remain elusive. Here we report a novel activating mutation of the axon guidance gene PLXNB2 that sustains proliferative autonomy and confers invasive properties to CUP stem cells, in EGFR‐dependent manner. The genomic profiling of 14 rigorously selected Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) samples revealed a consistent enrichment of changes in axon guidance genes, compared to other human tumor types.G842C mutation in the IPT3 domain of PlexinB2 (PlxnB2) was predicted to be damaging by structural modeling in silico, and showed a putative gain‐of‐function phenotype by triggering ligand‐independent cellular collapse.Knocking down the mutated, but not the wild‐type, PlxnB2 in CUP stem cells resulted in the impairment of self‐renewal and proliferation in culture, as well as tumorigenic capacity in mice.Conversely, the genetic transfer of G842C‐PlxnB2 was sufficient to promote CUP stem cell proliferation, invasiveness, and tumorigenesis in mice.G842C‐PlxnB2 expression in CUP cells was associated with basal EGFR phosphorylation. Moreover, CUP cells carrying the mutated receptor were dependent on EGFR signaling, as demonstrated by treatment with inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disposable cups are usually used for drinking without any form of pre-cleaning, this has the potential to expose individuals to pathogenic microorganisms, and unfortunately this issue has not been investigated in Gombe metropolis, hence, this study aimed to investigate the bacteriological aspect of the problem and to reduce the existing knowledge gap regarding this problem. Methods: Thirty samples were collected using simple random sampling from two different markets, then swab sticks pre-moistened with peptone water were used to swab the inner portions of the cups, put in sterile distilled water, serially diluted, inoculated on nutrient agar, and incubated. Identification of the isolates were done using their physical and biochemical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility tests were done using disc diffusion method and interpreted using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: The total mesophilic bacterial counts ranged from 3.0×105 to 9.9×105 CFU/ml. These isolates were identified and tested for their sensitivity to some antibiotics which revealed that Escherichia coli (E.coli ) were sensitive to augmentin, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin, but intermediately resistant to chloramphenicol, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and augmentin, intermediately resistant to chloramphenicol, and resistant to ampicillin. Bacillus spp were sensitive to augmentin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and ampicillin, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, augmentin, and chloramphenicol, but intermediately resistant to ampicillin. Conclusion: These new disposable ready-to-use cups harbored some potentially pathogenic bacteria which were resistant to some antibiotics. It is therefore recommended that pre-use hygiene practices should be done on these cups prior to use to avert the health effects of consuming these bacteria.

The aim of this in vitro study is to try to identify a treatment in the field of professional oral hygiene techniques that is ideal and less invasive with regard to prosthetic restorations, chosen in lithium disilicate and feldspar ceramics. Seventeen veneers were prepared (eight in lithium disilicate and nine in feldspar ceramic) and each of them was attached to an extracted tooth. The treatment groups were initially contaminated in the Microbiology Laboratory of Università Vita—Salute San Raffaele. After 24 h they were treated with four different methods of professional oral hygiene and were then sent to the Microscopy Laboratory, in which they were analysed by SEM, with 180X, 250X, and 500X magnification, to assess any damage caused to the treated surfaces. The SEM analysis produced 64 images that were evaluated by an experienced dentist, and the use of the prophetic cup seemed to be the most suitable among the evaluated treatments. However, from a microbiological point of view, this method was the least effective in terms of reducing bacterial growth. In this regard, the use of a prophylactic rubber cup combined with a 0.20% chlorhexidine gel is recommended during professional oral hygiene sessions for the maintenance of aesthetic prosthetic restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an efficient, cheap and durable cocatalyst, CuP has been a the research hotspot in the field of light-driven water decomposition for hydrogen production. In this study, the amorphous CuP cocatalyst with defects and unsaturated edge sites was deposited on the surface of CdS nanorods by in-situ photodeposition strategy, strategy to synthesize CuP/CdS composite photocatalyst materials. The CuP/CdS composite with 10% CuP loading content presents high hydrogen evolution activity (906 μmol g−1h−1), 16 times of single CdS. In addition, the characterization shows that the coupling of CuP nanoparticles with CdS as a cocatalyst can not only enhance the visible light absorption, effectively shorten the band gap width, but also improve the separation efficiency of h+-e- pairs and enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. This work provides a new approach to design and develop CdS based photocatalytic materials with low cost, strong stability and high efficiency. • CuP/CdS was synthesized in an environmentally friendly manner for the first time. • CuP/CdS photocatalyst has excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. • CuP/CdS photocatalyst can effectively accelerate the ability of carrier separation. • The unsaturated edge site of CuP cocatalyst can provide more active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores two features of the Turkish nation-building process on the ideological level in the late Ottoman Empire in 1911-1913. The territory losses and population declines following the Italo-Turkish and Balkan Wars and the ensuing influx of Muslim refugees from the Balkans created a favorable environment for the Turkish government to coordinate and produce the propaganda of Turkism en-masse within the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire. The period of 1911-1913 stands as a crucial phase in the top-down nationalization of the Ottoman masses, which later would have a great impact on the developments in the country before, during, and after World War I. This period was severely detrimental for the indigenous Christian communities of the Ottoman Empire. Thus, two particular aspects of the construction of a "Turkish" identity through the usage of state propaganda are stressed in the article: the construction of an "other" and the glorification of a common Turkish past. Both largely determined Turkish self-perception during the era and defined the code of action against non-Turkish elements of the Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of the timing and location for mRNA translation across model systems has begun to shed light on molecular events fundamental to such processes as intercellular communication, morphogenesis, and body pattern formation. In D. melanogaster, the posterior mRNA determinant, oskar, is transcribed maternally but translated only when properly localized at the oocyte's posterior cortex. Two effector proteins, Bruno1 and Cup, mediate steps of oskar mRNA regulation. The current model in the field identifies Bruno1 as necessary for Cup's recruitment to oskar mRNA and indispensable for oskar's translational repression. We now report that this Bruno1-Cup interaction leads to precise oskar mRNA regulation during early oogenesis and, importantly, the two proteins mutually influence each other's mRNA expression and protein distribution in the egg chamber. We show that these factors stably associate with oskar mRNA in vivo. Cup associates with oskar mRNA without Bruno1, while surprisingly Bruno1's stable association with oskar mRNA depends on Cup. We demonstrate that the essential factor for oskar mRNA repression in early oogenesis is Cup, not Bruno1. Furthermore, we find that Cup is a key P-body component that maintains functional P-body morphology during oogenesis and is necessary for oskar mRNA's association with P-bodies. Therefore, Cup drives the translational repression and stability of oskar mRNA. These experimental results point to a regulatory feedback loop between Bruno 1 and Cup in early oogenesis that appears crucial for oskar mRNA to reach the posterior pole and its expression in the egg chamber for accurate embryo development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: To report the long‐term oncological and functional outcomes of en bloc TORS lateral oropharyngectomy to address the close/involved margin following diagnostic tonsillectomy in HPV‐related SCC of unknown primary. Material and methods: A single tertiary center observational cohort over a 4‐year period. Primary outcome measures were disease‐specific survival (DSS), overall survival (OS), and PSS NOD (Performance Status Scale‐Normalcy of Diet) scores. Results: TORS specimens did not evidence residual carcinoma in 93% of patients. Of 14 patients, 50% received surgery alone (median follow‐up 57 months; range 46–96), the remainder surgery and adjuvant therapy (median follow‐up of 58 months; range 51–69) with 100% DSS, OS and no deterioration of PSS NOD scores. Conclusions: Long‐term oncological outcomes confirm TORS lateral oropharyngectomy alone is an oncologically safe treatment. Due consideration of this approach is warranted to mitigate against the morbidity of adjuvant radiotherapy treatment in this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous entity with limited overall survival (OS) in most patients. Prognostic biomarkers are needed, particularly for treatment stratification. We investigated the impact of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression as prognostic marker in immunotherapy-naïve CUP patients. Clinical data from patients with confirmed CUP diagnosis according to ESMO guidelines, treated at the West German Cancer Center, Essen from 2015 to 2021, were analyzed. Patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors were excluded. PD-L1 expression was assessed in tumor tissues following established guidelines. Of a cohort of 132 patients, 62 patients, including 30 patients with prognostically unfavorable CUP, met inclusion criteria and were evaluable for PD-L1 expression. Comparing PD-L1 Tumor Proportional Score (TPS) and Combined Positive Score (CPS) revealed almost complete concordance (96.2 %). Patients with PD-L1-positive CUP (TPS ≥1 %; n = 36; 58 %) had superior overall survival (median not reached) as compared to patients with PD-L1-negative CUP (median 14 months, 95 %CI 10.0–18.0; HR 0.3, p < 0.001). The benefit of PD-L1 positivity (n = 12; 40 %) was maintained in the unfavorable CUP subgroup (median 20 months, 95 %CI 3.0–37.0 versus 10 months, 95 %CI 3.1–16.9; HR 0.4, p = 0.032). In PD-L1-positive CUP there was a positive correlation between the level of PD-L1 expression and survival (TPS ≥50 %: median survival not reached, HR 0.1; TPS 1 to 49 %: OS: 77 months, HR 0.4). PD-L1 expression associates with favorable survival in checkpoint inhibitor-naïve CUP patients. This implies a role of cancer immunity in CUP biology and may nominate PD-L1 for patient stratification in further studies and clinical care. [Display omitted] • Favorable OS in checkpoint inhibitor-naïve CUP patients with PD-L1 expression. • In patients with CUP the level of PD-L1 expression correlates with survival. • PD-L1 expression could be used as a biomarker for prognosis in CUP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In paper publishes the fragment of black-figured cup founded in excavations on Panticapaeum, which represents the comos of the nymph and silenos. The Inscription of Vase-Painter following this scene say “chick”.

Aim: To raise awareness of the existence of extrarenal renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods and results: We report three patients with extrarenal RCC found in the renal proximity, but unattached to the kidney. None had a history of RCC or an identifiable primary renal neoplasm at the time of the diagnosis and on follow-up. The patients included two males and one female aged 57, 77, and 63 years, respectively. One carcinoma was found in the perirenal tissue adjacent to the adrenal, one involved the adrenal gland, and one was a retroperitoneal mass found within the lymph nodes. Two extrarenal RCCs represented clear-cell RCCs and one was an unclassifiable RCC. No patient had evidence of metastases at presentation and disease progression during the follow-up. This report adds to the literature on this unusual clinical scenario and further supports the concept of extrarenal RCC, which is not a well-recognized clinical phenomenon. We also reviewed other similar reports documenting the absence of identifiable renal primaries in the setting of either disseminated metastatic disease or isolated distant metastases of presumed renal origin. Similarly, some carcinomas of apparent renal derivation have been also identified during a work-up of metastatic carcinomas of unknown primary. Conclusions: There should be an awareness of this unusual and intriguing clinical scenario that currently lacks a definitive explanation and standardized therapy strategies. Establishing a correct diagnosis may allow treatment with specific targeted therapies in selected clinical cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Merkel cell carcinoma is a very rare and highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma originating from the skin. Exceptionally it presents with a nodal localization without a cutaneous primary site and distant metastases. This entity is controversial in terms of origin and clinical management. The main histological differential diagnosis is that of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. As a referral center for neuroendocrine neoplasms with more than 20 years of experience we have dealt with patients showing this clinical context several times and we usually manage them within our dedicated multidisciplinary team. Due to the extreme rarity of the entity and undefined clinical management, we report our single-center series and detail some of the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Our analysis can be helpful for centers which manage these patients and future investigations on the topic. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a very rare and aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma originating from Merkel cells, typically with a skin nodule; however, it exceptionally presents with only a basin lymph node localization, with neither a cutaneous primary site nor distant metastases. From 1996 to 2020, among patients with histologically confirmed MCC managed at a neuroendocrine neoplasm-referral center, we selected those with an exclusive nodal basin, no distant metastasis, and an unknown primary site defined by cross-sectional and physical examination. A total of 55 out of 310 patients fulfilled the selection criteria. The median age was 64 years and the majority were males. Inguinal lymph-nodes were the most common anatomic site. With a median follow-up of 4.3 years, the 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate was 56.6 (95% CI 42.0–68.8%) and the 5-year cancer specific survival (CSS) rate was 68.5 (95% CI 52.8–79.9%) for the whole population. The 36 patients (65.5%) undergoing lymphadenectomy (LND) + radiotherapy (RT) ± chemotherapy had a 5-year RFS rate of 87.2% (95% CI 65.5–95.7%) and a 5-year CSS rate of 90.5% (95% CI 67.0–97.5), which were better than those receiving LND alone. In a multivariable analysis, the survival benefit for LND + RT remained significant. Results from one of the largest single-center series of nMCC-UP suggest that a curative approach including RT can be effective, similar to what is observed for stage IIIB MCC. Multicentric studies with homogenous populations should be carried out in this controversial clinical entity, to minimize the risk of biases and provide robust data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to determine the healthcare experiences, quality of life, and psychosocial needs of patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) early after diagnosis; comparing their experiences to patients with advanced cancer of a known primary (non-CUP control patients) and published general population reference data where available.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, multi-site study comparing CUP patients (n = 139) compared to non-CUP controls (n = 45). Demographic, clinical information and patient-reported outcome questionnaire data were collected at baseline.Results: Differences in healthcare experienced were found between CUP and non-CUP controls with CUP patients reporting higher scores for unmet medical communication/information needs compared with non-CUP control patients (p = 0.013) as well as greater uncertainty in illness (p = 0.042). Whilst no differences were found between CUP and non-CUP controls on the EORTC and PROMIS measures, of those that 'received written information about your cancer…' and asked '…how useful was it?' fewer CUP patients reported finding the information useful 40% vs 61%, and more were likely to not have received written information at all 59% vs 32%; (p = 0.002). Additionally, of those that found information about their cancer online, fewer patients with CUP reported finding it useful 32% vs 48% control patients (p = 0.005).Conclusions: CUP patients have unmet medical communication/information needs and greater uncertainty in illness but do not differ in health-related quality of life domains compared to patients with advanced cancer of a known primary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aims to compare cup inclination achieved (1) Using two orientation guides, whilst using the same 3-point pelvic positioner and (2) Using two types of pelvic positioners, whilst measuring intra-operative cup inclination with an inclinometer. Materials and methods: This is a prospective, diagnostic cohort study of a consecutive series of 150 THAs performed through a posterior approach. Two types of 3-point pelvic positioners were used (Stulberg and modified Capello Hip Positioners) and the cup was positioned freehand using one of two orientation guides (mechanical guide or digital inclinometer). Intra-operative inclination was recorded, radiographic cup inclination and anteversion were measured from radiographs. The differences in inclination due to pelvic position (ΔPelvicPosition) and orientation definitions (ΔDefinition) were calculated. Target radiographic inclination and anteversion was 40/20° ± 10°. Results: There was no difference in radiographic cup inclination/ (p = 0.63) using a mechanical guide or digital inclinometer. However, differences were seen in ΔPelvicPosition between the positioners ((Stulberg: 0° ± 5 vs. Capello: 3° ± 6); p = 0.011). Intra-operative inclination at implantation was different between positioners and this led to equivalent cases within inclination/anteversion targets (Stulberg:84%, Capello:80%; p = 0.48). Conclusions: With the pelvis securely positioned with 3-point supports, optimum cup orientation can be achieved with both alignment guides and inclinometer. Non-optimal cup inclinations were seen when intra-operative inclinations were above 40° and below 32°, or the ΔPelvicPosition was excessive (> 15°; n = 2). We would thus recommend that the intra-operative cup inclination should be centered strictly between 30° and 35° relative to the floor. Small differences exist between different type of pelvic positioners that surgeons need to be aware off and account for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cancers of an unknown primary site (CUPs) have a dismal prognosis, and the situation is even worse for CUPs patients with brain metastases (BM-CUPs). This study aims to give better insight into the occurrence and survival of BM-CUPs patients. Methods: Cases were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (1,430 BM-CUPs/17,140 CUPs). Baseline characteristics between CUPs patients with and without BM were tested using chi-square tests and Mann–Whitney U tests. Patients' overall survival (OS) times were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and prognostic factors on OS was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Results: The proportion of BM-CUPs patients among CUPs increased from 8% in 2009–2010 to 10% in 2017–2018 (p < 0.001). Most patients presented with multiple brain lesions (53%). Survival of BM-CUPs improved over time: one-year OS increased from 10% for patients diagnosed in 2009–2010 to 17% (2017- 2018) (p < 0.01), and median survival times increased from 1.8 months to 2.2 months. Independent predictors of poor survival were multiple (HR 1.25; p < 0.01) or unknown (HR 1.48; p < 0.01) locations of BM, unknown/poorly/undifferentiated carcinoma histology (HR 1.53; p < 0.01), or clinical symptoms of BM (HR 1.74; p < 0.01), accompanying liver metastasis (HR 1.43; p < 0.01) and more than one metastatic site outside the brain compared to none (HR 1.52; p < 0.01). Conclusion: The incidence of patients with BM-CUPs is steadily increasing over time and overall prognosis remains dismal. Our results, however, show distinct patient subgroups that exhibit comparatively better outcomes, and more predictors may likely still be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tyana Ancient City excavations in Kemerhisar town of Bor district of Niğde province started in 2001 and continue today. During the studies, the remains of the Roman, Byzantine, Anatolian Seljuk, Principalities and Ottoman periods were reached. During the Arab raids and the first Turkish conquests, the region changed hands frequently as a result of the struggles with the Byzantines. For this reason, it lost its importance for a period and remained in a dilapidated state. In the Anatolian Seljuk and Principalities periods, the existing ceramic finds show that the region regained its importance. It is seen that the number of finds in the region after the Principalities period until the Late Ottoman period was almost non-existent. The cup and bowl finds from the Late Ottoman period, which were found during the excavations, indicate that active life continued in the region during this period. In addition to the cups, serigraphy decorated samples and bowls indicate that people with high economic income may have lived in the region during this period. It is thought that the cup and bowl finds, which will be discussed for the first time and examined in detail in our study, will shed light on the Late Ottoman period settlement in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neoplasms in the head and neck region possess higher glycolytic activity than normal tissue, showing increased glucose metabolism. F-18-Flourodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can identify an unknown primary tumor (CUP). Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the real-life performance of F-18-FDG-PET/CT in detecting primary sites in patients with cervical lymph node metastasis of CUP. Methods: A retrospective data analysis of 31 patients who received FDG-PET/CT between June 2009 and March 2015 in a CUP context with histologically confirmed cervical lymph node metastasis was included. Results: In 48% of the patients (15/31), PET/CT showed suspicious tracer accumulation. In 52% of the patients (16/31), there was no suspicious radiotracer uptake, which was confirmed by the lack of identification of any primary tumor in 10 cases until the end of follow-up. FDG-PET/CT had a sensitivity of 67%, specificity of 91%, PPV of 92%, and NPV of 63% in detecting the primary tumor. Additionally, PET/CT showed suspicious tracer accumulation according to further metastasis in 32% of the patients (10/31). Conclusion: FDG-PET/CT imaging is a useful technique for primary tumor detection in patients in a cervical CUP context. Furthermore, it provides information on the ulterior metastasis of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) carry the double burden of an aggressive disease and reduced access to therapies. Experimental models are pivotal for CUP biology investigation and drug testing. We derived two CUP cell lines (CUP#55 and #96) and corresponding patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), from ascites tumor cells. CUP cell lines and PDXs underwent histological, immune-phenotypical, molecular, and genomic characterization confirming the features of the original tumor. The tissue-of-origin prediction was obtained from the tumor microRNA expression profile and confirmed by single-cell transcriptomics. Genomic testing and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis identified FGFR2 gene amplification in both models, in the form of homogeneously staining region (HSR) in CUP#55 and double minutes in CUP#96. FGFR2 was recognized as the main oncogenic driver and therapeutic target. FGFR2-targeting drug BGJ398 (infigratinib) in combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib proved to be synergic and exceptionally active, both in vitro and in vivo. The effects of the combined treatment by single-cell gene expression analysis revealed a remarkable plasticity of tumor cells and the greater sensitivity of cells with epithelial phenotype. This study brings personalized therapy closer to CUP patients and provides the rationale for FGFR2 and MEK targeting in metastatic tumors with FGFR2 pathway activation., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests F.G. received personal fees from AstraZeneca and honoraria for advisory board participation from Eli-Lilly. G.A.C. is a member of the Editorial Board of Molecular Therapy., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background/ObjectivesCervical squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (SCCUP) is a rare entity within head and neck cancer and both treatment regimens as well as identified potential predictors for oncological outcomes vary between published series. In this study, we evaluated oncological outcomes and identified potential prognostic factors for outcome.Patients and methodsThis retrospective monocentric cohort study includes 82 SCCUP patients diagnosed and treated between January 2000 and June 2021. Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS) and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) were evaluated. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the prognostic effect of patient and tumor characteristics on oncological outcomes.ResultsFive year OS, DSS, DFS and LRFS were respectively 53.9%, 72.2%, 68.9% and 67.3%. The p16 status was evaluated in 55 patients with 40% being p16 positive. On univariable analysis, p16 negative SCCUPs had significantly worse survival and recurrence rates in the presence of clinical extranodal extension (cENE) (OS: p=0.0013, DSS: p=0.0099, DFS: p=0.0164, LRFS: p=0.0099) and radiological extranodal extension (rENE) (OS: p=0.0034, DSS: p=0.0137, DFS: p=0.0167, LRFS: p=0.0100). In p16 positive SCCUP patients, rENE had a significantly negative prognostic effect on DFS (p=0.0345) and LRFS (p=0.0367). Total group multivariate analysis identified rENE as an independent negative predictor for all oncological outcomes. The “number of positive lymph nodes” was a second independent predictor for DSS (p=0.0257) and DFS (p=0.0435).ConclusionsWe report favorable oncological outcomes, comparable to previously published results. Although the presence of rENE seems associated with poor oncological outcomes, the differential effect of clinical, radiological and pathological ENE in both p16 positive and negative subgroups remain to be elucidated by further prospective research.

Background: Disposable cups are usually used for drinking without any form of precleaning, this has the potential to expose individuals to pathogenic microorganisms, and unfortunately this issue has not been investigated in Gombe metropolis, hence, this study aimed to investigate the bacteriological aspect of the problem and to reduce the existing knowledge gap regarding this problem. Methods: Thirty samples were collected using simple random sampling from two different markets, then swab sticks pre-moistened with peptone water were used to swab the inner portions of the cups, put in sterile distilled water, serially diluted, inoculated on nutrient agar, and incubated. Identification of the isolates were done using their physical and biochemical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility tests were done using disc diffusion method and interpreted using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: The total mesophilic bacterial counts ranged from 3.0×105 to 9.9×105 CFU/ml. These isolates were identified and tested for their sensitivity to some antibiotics which revealed that Escherichia coli (E.coli) were sensitive to augmentin, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin, but intermediately resistant to chloramphenicol, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and augmentin, intermediately resistant to chloramphenicol, and resistant to ampicillin. Bacillus spp were sensitive to augmentin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and ampicillin, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, augmentin, and chloramphenicol, but intermediately resistant to ampicillin. Conclusion: These new disposable ready-to-use cups harbored some potentially pathogenic bacteria which were resistant to some antibiotics. It is therefore recommended that pre-use hygiene practices should be done on these cups prior to use to avert the health effects of consuming these bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the history of football development in Tanzania from 1929 to 1960. Specifically, the paper examines the history of football associations and their subsequent contributions in the development of football leagues in Tanzania during that period. This paper significantly focuses on important actors such as the media, sports sponsors, individuals and the government. In order to better achieve this, the study adopts a qualitative research approach which draws its primary information from archives, newspapers and oral interviews. It also consults secondary data from books, theses and journal-articles to understand the ways in which football associations developed football in the period of study. The researchers generally argue that football became popular and took a new shape that completely defined its spread and growth as a more organised sport in the late 1920s. This came after the formation of the first colonial football association in Dar es Salaam district. This stage sparked off the proliferation of football associations that also emerged as voluntary entities to organise and promote football in their respective districts across Tanganyika from the early 1930s to 1950s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The literature is divided with regards to contralateral tonsillectomy in a known/suspected case of ipsilateral tonsillar malignancy. In this study, we evaluate the incidence of indolent synchronous contralateral tonsillar malignancy (SCTC) in patients with known ipsilateral tonsillar malignancy. Methods: All patients diagnosed with ipsilateral tonsillar carcinoma (TC) at a tertiary teaching center between January 2016 and December 2019 were screened. None of the patients were suspected to have bilateral TC. All patients underwent appropriate imaging in the form of Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of head and neck region and then underwent bilateral tonsillectomy. The prevalence of bilateral tonsillar malignancy and the factors predicting them were analyzed. Results: In all 59 patients were included in the study. The mean and median age of the patient population was 60.8 and 59 years, respectively, with a male to female ratio of 3.2:1. The incidence of bilateral tonsillar malignancy in carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) was 3/10 (33.3%). Among the remaining 49 patients, incidence of synchronous contralateral tonsillar carcinoma (SCTC) was 2/49 (4.08%). Overall, 5/59 (8.5%) patients had synchronous bilateral tonsillar malignancy. Furthermore, dysplasia was found in the contralateral tonsil in 4/10 (40%) CUP patients. Among the remaining 49 patients, dysplasia was seen in the contralateral tonsil in 20/49 (40.8%) patients. The absence of p16 expression predicted higher probability of SCTC. Factors like gender, T stage, nodal status or smoking did not predict SCTC. Conclusion: We recommend bilateral tonsillectomy in all patients with suspected or proven TC (unilateral or bilateral) and CUP as it helps identify indolent SCTC and it does not add any significant morbidity to the patients. Level of evidence: III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper exploits data from eight recent playing seasons to examine the spectator appeal for League of Ireland fans of the national soccer challenge cup competition (the FAI cup). The study finds a sizable spectator attendance penalty for Premier Division clubs in FAI cup games for the earlier rounds of the tournament compared to league fixtures against the same opposition. However, this is reversed by the penultimate stage of the tournament. The policy implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bitlis Castle excavation findings, located on a rocky hill in the center of Bitlis Province, are very important in terms of reflecting the socio-cultural life in the region. During the excavations, many nozzles, coins, glass and metal finds, especially ceramics, were found. The porcelain cup findings obtained during the 2018-2020 excavations of Bitlis Castle will be handled and analyzed in our study. Many Kütahya-made cups and nozzles, as well as porcelain cups, were found near the place, which is thought to be a coffee house in Bitlis Castle. Although porcelain cups are examined in terms of paste, form, decoration and composition properties, it will be tried to identify similar and different aspects with Kütahya made cups. It is seen that underglaze and over-glaze painting technique is frequently used in porcelain cups located in different parts of the area. It is estimated that the cups, which are thought to belong to the 18-20th century Ottoman period, came to the region as imported and it is aimed to determine the possible production places of our subject samples. In addition, it is seen that the porcelain cups in the Late Ottoman period Bitlis Castle reflect the socio-cultural structure of the region. Porcelain samples, whose production ranges are estimated to a large extent, are also important in terms of dating other excavation finds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]