Search

Some paired primates use complex, coordinated vocal signals to communicate within and between family groups. The information encoded within those signals is not well understood, nor is the intricacy of individuals behavioral and physiological responses to these signals. Considering the conspicuous nature of these vocal signals, it is a priority to better understand paired primates responses to conspecific calls. Pair-bonded titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus) sing duets comprised of the male and females long call. Here, we use a playback study to assess female titi monkeys responses to different vocal stimuli based on the subjects pairing status. Six adult female titi monkeys participated in the study at two timepoints--pre-pairing and post-pairing. At each timepoint, subjects underwent three distinct playbacks--control recording, male solo vocalization, and pair duet. Behaviors such as locomotion and vocalizations were scored during and after the playback, and cortisol and androgen values were assessed via a plasma blood sample. Female titi monkeys attended more to social signals compared to the control, regardless of pairing status. However, in the time immediately following any playback type, female titi monkeys trilled more and spent a greater proportion of time locomoting during pre-pairing timepoints (compared to post-pairing). Female titi monkeys behavioral responses to social audio stimuli, combined with subjects increases in cortisol and androgens as paired individuals, imply female titi monkeys attend and respond to social signals territorially.

Context.--Large B-cell lymphoma classification has changed significantly over the decades, evolving from a purely morphologic categorization to one using sophisticated ancillary studies including molecular analysis, immunohistochemistry, and cytogenetics, in addition to morphology and clinical presentation. Objective.--To discuss and interpret the key ancillary studies required for subclassification in 2019 and review the differential diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL, NOS). Data Sources.--Recent literature on the subcategories of large B-cell lymphoma is reviewed, along with relevant updates from the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, with an emphasis on Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoproliferative disorders, high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements, and large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement. Conclusions.--Cases with DLBCL, NOS histology can be further subclassified on the basis of cell of origin studies, Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs, MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangement studies, and other relevant cytogenetic and immunohistochemical studies. The diagnosis of DLBCL, NOS is therefore a diagnosis of exclusion. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0331-RA, Lymphoma classification has changed significantly over the decades, evolving from a purely morphologic categorization to one using sophisticated ancillary studies including molecular analysis, immunohistochemistry, and cytogenetics, in addition to morphologic [...]

Background: The classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has long been overseen by the World Health Organization (WHO) and published into a series of "Blue Books." These ledgers serve as the reference manual for AML classification and, in turn, classification-based treatment decisions. In 2022, two separate groups, each of which included hematologic oncologists, hematopathologists, and geneticists – developed and published two parallel classification systems for AML. One is from the WHO (WHO 5th edition), and a second is from an International Advisory Consortium (International Consortium Classification [ICC]). Summary: Both modern classification systems originated from the revised 4th edition of the WHO Blue Books and thus share many similarities. There are never-the-less several important differences with the potential to substantially alter disease classification, access to clinical trials, and treatment decision-making. In this manuscript, we review the organization of the WHO and ICC classification systems for AML with emphasis on their similarities and differences, followed by areas in which their application to clinical scenarios may present difficulties. Key Messages: (1) The ICC and WHO 5th edition are concordant for the majority of AMLs. (2) Key differences between AML classification by the ICC and WHO 5th edition include (a) the overall framework of classification, (b) AML-defining blast threshold, definition of myelodysplasia-related AML, and (c) strategy for assigning therapy-related or germline-associated AML modifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression and anxiety risk are highly influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Recently, it has been proposed that epigenetic mechanisms may also contribute to the transmission of both depression‐ and anxiety‐related behaviors across multiple generations. This review highlights long‐lasting epigenetic alterations observed in offspring of fathers, including some distinct effects on male and female offspring, in animal models. Available evidence emphasizes how both the developmental time point and the type of paternal stress (social vs. asocial) influence the complex transmission patterns of these phenotypes to future generations. This research is critical in understanding the factors that influence risk for depression and anxiety disorders and has the potential to contribute to the development of innovative treatments that can more precisely target vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The naming convention in coagulation may cause confusion in electronic ordering systems, leading to inappropriate test orders. We implemented test utilization efforts and studied utilization before and after interventions for two specialty coagulation assays.Methods: Two interventions were implemented: test names were changed from factor assay to activity, and residents reviewed all factor V and X requests. A retrospective review of factor V and X activity orders was performed for the period 1 year before and after interventions.Results: After interventions, factor V and X activity orders decreased by approximately 40%. Resulted tests decreased by 53.8% and 47.8%, corresponding to reductions of $2,493.05 and $1,867.80 per year in laboratory charges for factor V and factor X activity, respectively. Abnormal factor V activity results increased from 45% to 59%. Factor V activity orders from outpatient clinics decreased by 21.6%.Conclusions: Simple interventions can reduce inappropriate specialty coagulation test orders and unnecessary costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]