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Oxidative stress is related to health problems including neurological and neurodegenerativedisturbs, such as Parkinson's disease. Natural compounds are reported as source of antioxidant molecules. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the antioxidant and neuroprotective potential of a new diterpene isolated from C. argyrophylloides (MP-1). Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were used to evaluate MP-1 antiparkinsonian potential through neurodegenerative model induced by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (21 μg). On the 14th day, animals were submitted to behavioral tests and on the 15th day, brain areas were dissected to neurochemical analyzes. MP-1 demonstrated a high antioxidant capacity in vitro and decreased the parkinsonian effects, such as behavioral changes, motor alterations, and body weight loss. MP-1 was also able to control the upregulated levels of nitrosative stress and lipid peroxidation. These findings suggest MP-1 as a diterpene with high antioxidant capacity which might be used to development of new approach against Parkinson's disease.

Oxidative stress is involved in many pathological disturbs, such as neurodegenerative disorders. Eugenol (Eug) is a phenolic compound with antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Then, this study was conducted to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of Eug on oxidative stress model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rats. First, the in vivo oxidative stress model was performed by intrastriatal injection (int.) of 6-OHDA (21   µg), followed by the treatment of Eug (0.1, 1, and 10   mg/kg/7   d) per os (p.o.). On the 7 d, behavioral tests were performed. On the 8 d, all the animals were euthanasied and their cerebral areas were excised for neurochemical and transcriptional analyses. The results showed that the treatment with Eug promoted neuroprotective effects on in vivo through reducing of oxidative stress and modulation of genes related to antioxidant activity. Furthermore, animals treated with Eug demonstrated returning of behavioral performance and body weight gain to normal conditions. Thus, this study reports the neuroprotective effects of Eug against oxidative stress induced by 6-OHDA in rats.

The indiscriminate administration of synthetic anthelmintics such as ivermectin contributes to the selection of subpopulations capable of resisting the drugs' effects. To understand the mechanisms of ivermectin resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans, this study attempted to identify molecular targets. C. elegans lineages that were sensitive and resistant to ivermectin were used. Collected nematodes were added to an extraction buffer and macerated in liquid nitrogen for protein extraction. The extracted proteins were separated according to molecular weight by SDS-PAGE to verify their integrity. Subsequently, proteins from both lineages were separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis. The gels were analyzed and the relevant spots were excised and identified by mass spectrometry (NanoESI-Q-TOF and MASCOT®) and subsequently assessed by GO enrichment and STRING® analyses. The increased expression of proteins associated with high metabolic activity, such as ATP-2 and ENOL-1, which are responsible for ATP synthesis, was observed. Furthermore, proteins with involvement in mediating muscular function (MLC-1, ACT-1, and PDI-2), signaling (FAR-1 and FAR-2), and embryo development (VHA-2) were identified. Protein interaction analysis indicated that the majority of the identified proteins in the resistant lineages participated in the same reaction triggered by ivermectin.