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Maize is one of the most important cereals in the world. It is a crop demanding in nitrogen. Therefore, alternative sources of fertilization bring agronomic, environmental and economic benefits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass and productivity of maize fertigated with wastewater from swine and fish farming in different dilutions. The soil used is classified as Dystroferric Red Latosol, Cerrado phase, with clayey texture. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in 2 × 4 split plots with three replications. The treatments consisted of two sources of wastewater (fish farming and swine farming) diluted with the recommended dose of wastewater + 0, 25, 50 and 75% of its volume in water. The accumulation of dry mass (leaf, stalk and aerial parts) was evaluated at 30, 60, 90 and 110 days after sowing. The evaluation of yield variables (number of grain rows, number of grains per row, grain sizes, grain dry weight, gran yield and harvest index) occurred at 130 days after sowing. The largest accumulation of dry biomass at the end of the maize cycle and evaluated productivity variables were obtained with the application of swine farming wastewater. Wastewater from fish farming applied via an irrigation system without dilution (0%) is the most suitable for obtaining the productivity of corn grains. The two sources of wastewater have the potential to partially replace mineral nitrogen fertilizer in maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although historically cultivated by small farmers, bean crops are now cultivated in large scale to increase productivity, which involves varied levels of technology in practices such as irrigation and direct sowing, as well as developed soil management and traditional practices. Along with the adoption of these techniques, an increase in irrigation efficiency has occurred, which aims to meet the water requirements of the crop throughout its life cycle without water wastage. The main objective of this study was to study the effects of different irrigation depths during two phases of the bean crop cycle and the behavior of cv. IAC-Alvorada during winter in the first and second year of direct sowing in Botucatu - SP, a southeastern region of Brazil. The experimental soil was classified as a red distroferric nitosol with a clayey texture. The delineated experimental design consisted of complete randomized blocks (each: 1.8×4.0 m), 16 treatments, and a witness with four replications. Irrigation treatments were performed daily with the assistance of a Class A tank. The following characteristics were evaluated: the productivity of the grains, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, number of grains per pod, grain yield, weight of 100 grains, empty pods per plant, and water use efficiency. The number of pods and the grain yield decreased with an increase in water stress at a 5% probability. Reductions in the applied water depth in the vegetative phase did not interfere with grain productivity. Reductions in water in the reproductive phase had the greatest effect on the productivity of grains and the number of pods per plant. The highest productivity was 3,322.27 kg ha-1 and resulted from the combination of an application depth of 40% in the vegetative phase and 100% in the reproductive phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proper selection of sunflower cultivars and their interaction with fluid replacement are important factors in decision making in agricultural production, thus aimed to research, evaluate in a controlled environment, the effect of fluid replacement levels (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%), growth and production of three sunflower varieties (Charrua, Aguará - 6 and Olissun - 3). The design was adopted in randomized blocks, distributed in three blocks in a factorial design. Depending on fluid replacement levels, the behavior of the sunflower cultivars to plant height, leaf area, dry matter production and achenes showed polynomial behavior of second order, however, stem diameter behaved in a linear way. The fluid replacement factor provided significant effect on all variables were, however, no effect to leaf area and stem diameter from 40 and 80 days after emergence to plant height. A greater increase in weight of achenes full combined with a reduction of grain weight voids the estimated fluid replacement 89.9% of field capacity. Based on the behavior of cultivars in relation to leaf area, showed greater selectivity for the farming plow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]