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Mitchell Lake was tested to recover pollen samples and provide organics for one AMS radiocarbon date. One modern ground surface sample and one sediment sample taken near the base of the wetland core were analyzed for their pollen content.

Charcoal recovered from a feature fill at 48PA551 was identified as Pinus. It was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating.

Charcoal from five samples were submitted for the purpose of being able to AMS radiocarbon date as many different taxa as possible from each sample.

The Stateline Site (RI 2802) is situated on an elevated rise overlooking Millers River in Cumberland, Rhode Island. The site is a precontact hunting, food processing, and stone tool manufacturing camp. Two radiocarbon dates produced by Beta Analytic (Beta-565363 and Beta-565364) as well as excavated material culture suggest the site was periodically occupied during the Late Archaic, Transitional Archaic, and possibly Late Woodland periods (ca. 5000–500 BP). Two isolated charcoal samples recovered from a hearth feature and a bowl-shaped feature were submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating.

Site 48CR11356 is located west of the bank of Fillmore Creek and approximately 350 feet southwest of the earthen dike of Seaverson Reservoir. AMS Radiocarbon analysis on charcoal recovered from eight of the thermal features indicates multiple occupations spanning the Opal phase of the Archaic period (5690 ±30 years B.P. 4070 ±30 years B.P.), with more intensive use from approximately 5300–5200 years B.P. Soil samples representing Cultural Stratum II and the base of a feature beneath a piece of burned sandstone were submitted for pollen analysis.

A fragment of fire-cracked rock (FCR) from Feature 1 at site 33–PI–1179 in Pickaway County, Ohio, was submitted for Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis (FTIR) of organic remains associated with the FCR.

Three soil samples collected from the Custis Square house site (04BC), located in Williamsburg, Virginia, were submitted for experimental pollen and phytolith analyses to inform the sampling strategy for Colonial Williamsburg archaeologists. Three different depositional environments were selected for review. Pollen analysis was conducted on all three types of samples, while phytolith analysis contributed to understanding two of the contexts.

A sediment sample with an expected age during the late Pleistocene was recovered during the Las Vegas Earthquake Project in Nevada. This sample was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating and pollen analysis.

Nine bulk sediment samples were examined from Pallett Creek to identify radiocarbon datable remains and select the best three to five types of charcoal for dating from each sample.

Site 48SW19958 (21-WAS-008), situated on a narrow ridge and gentle north slope, overlooks Fillmore Creek to the east and moderately large tributaries of Fillmore Creek to the north and south. This site contained 21 scattered fire hearth features and various artifacts that included faunal bone, projectile points, and debitage. This multi-occupation site returned radiocarbon dates suggesting an estimated seven occupations during the Uinta phase of the Late Prehistoric and one occupation during the Opal phase of the Early Archaic. Pollen analysis examined the vegetation record from 11 of the thermal basins or fire hearth features. In addition, three stratigraphic samples and the modern surface sample provide controls for interpreting the feature samples. Additionally, a few seeds recovered from two of the features were submitted for identification.

Twenty pollen samples collected from seven cores were examined to provide a stratigraphic record of vegetation. In addition, charcoal from three of the pollen samples were radiocarbon dated to provide date context for Cores 4, 15, and 16.

Eight bulk sediment samples were submitted for charcoal identification of radiocarbon datable materials and AMS radiocarbon dating from the south granite mountain fault system, Seminoe Mountains, central Wyoming.

A series of pollen samples representing five cores were submitted for pollen analysis. The pollen signatures from these cores are discussed below.

Gahnihthah Mie (Site 118X77/5342X) appears to be a single component precontact site located on the upper bank of Rabbitkettle Lake in the Northwest Territories. Charcoal recovered from two hearths was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating to establish the period of use. In addition, four lithic tools were submitted for protein residue analysis to identify economic activity.

Site HHA-1 represents precontact use of a level floodplain at the confluence of two major waterways, the Mohawk River and West Canada Creek. Three samples were collected from Feature 1, a circular fire-cracked rock (FCR) deposit, for macrofloral, phytolith, starch, and organic residue analysis, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. These analyses examined sediments and FCR from the feature in search of evidence of economic activity.

Mound Park, 33SC0001 is the only known surviving mound remnant of the Ohio portion of the Portsmouth Earthworks. This large, geometric Hopewellian earthwork complex included three separate groups of geometric earthworks. Two features, as well as modern topsoil and subsoil were sampled for pollen analysis. Feature fill also was submitted for macrofloral analysis. Pollen and macrofloral analysis were undertaken to provide information concerning local vegetation prior to construction of the earthworks, during its occupation, with the modern sample servicing as a control sample to compare the pollen record with extant vegetation.

Site HbRi-33 overlooks Peace River and Halfway River to the west, lying approximately 1 km northwest of the confluence of these two rivers. A projectile point recovered from Level 2 was submitted for protein residue analysis. Site HaRk-8 is located approximately 60 km westsouthwest of Fort St. John in northeast British Columbia near the confluence of the peace River and Right Creek. A single scraper recovered from Level 2 was submitted for protein residue analysis. Site HaRl-53 overlooks the Peace River to the southwest and lies approximately 513 m north of the confluence of the Peace River the Maurice Creek. Two scrapers were submitted for protein residue analysis.

Site 28-Mo-449 is located in the Inner Coastal Plain of New Jersey. One biface and one Bear Island-like projectile point were submitted for protein residue analysis to identify animals that either were killed or processed with these lithics.

A cast iron cooking pot was retrieved from 660T22 during GHMPR SGang Gwaay Storm Damage mitigation in Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve. Basal sediment was submitted for starch and organic residue analysis, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectropscopy (FTIR) to search for evidence of this pot’s use.

Three archaeological sites, all located along the MDT Project, Sites 24SH1236 and 24SH1237 are situated next to one another in the southwest portion of the study area, which is situated in Sheridan County in northeastern Montana. Site 24SH1248 is located to the northeast of these two sites. Each of the sites contained one or more stone rings. Sediment samples were collected from stone rings at each site for the purpose of radiocarbon dating and macrofloral analysis to select charred remains for dating and to better understand activities inside these rings.

Site LA 80924, located in northwestern New Mexico, yielded two samples for pollen analysis. A sample from the floor of a Navajo bell-shaped pit (F. 13) and from a profile of sediments comprising the Archaic component of the site were examined for pollen. In addition, a modern ground surface sample was analyzed for comparability.

Site ESS-2019-BEN-088, a prehistoric lithic and ceramic scatter, is situated in the Tularosa basin within the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) of southern New Mexico. This site contains three high density artifact concentrations and three thermal features. All three thermal features were sampled for macrofloral identification and two features contained sufficient charcoal that individual pieces were submitted for identification. All three features were AMS radiocarbon dated to identify the time period represented by these features.

One Clovis point midsection and a soil control sample recovered from site GfQu-30 in Grande Prairie No. 1 County were submitted for protein residue analysis to identify any proteins present on the point.

Site LA 2894, a prehistoric, structural site, comprises numerous fire-cracked rock (FCR) features and a large artifact assemblage. This temporary Jornada Mogollon, Early to Late Pueblo (A.D. 900–1200) campsite contains evidence of activities focused on tool manufacture and resource processing. Two sediment samples, collected from levels 2 and 3 of Feature 1, an FCR assemblage, were submitted for macrofloral and AMS radiocarbon analyses.

Eight ceramic sherds were recovered from three archaeological sites that included Turner Farm (29.9), Eddington Bend (74-8), and Hirundo (73-9). Five sherds from Turner Farm contained sufficient charred food crust for AMS radiocarbon dating. Of these, four qualified for financial support from an NSF grant (No. 1659988) to examine use of different chemical pre-treatment on charred food crust. In addition, all eight ceramic samples were examined for their chemical signatures using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis.

Site 1CS365 was excavated as part of work on the Lowman Pipeline. This multicomponent site includes both a Native American artifact scatter, representing a Late Gulf Formational to Late Woodland occupation, and a twentieth-century railroad bed of the AT&N railroad. Three features were sampled for macrofloral and AMS radiocarbon analyses, the latter to establish the time periods of use.

Site 48SW3006, located in southwestern Wyoming south of the Chain Lakes Rim and north of Wamsutter, represents multiple hunter-gatherer open camp fire pits. Ten thermal basins were selected for pollen analysis. Radiocarbon dates for these features range from 5430 ± 30 BP to 1090 ± 30 BP. Two stratigraphic samples and a modern surface sample complete the pollen record for this site.

Two Early Agricultural period sites in the Tucson basin were sampled for phytolith analysis. The project area is part of a planning project for traffic interchange at the Ruthrauff Road and Interstate 10 interchange within the city of Tucson. 5 sites were examined as part of this project and data recovery investigations involved for of the sites. Sampling for phytolith analysis, was restricted to 2 of the sites. Most of the project is located on the T2, a Holocene terrace, of the Santa Cruz River, which is known to contain varied cultural deposits.

Five prehistoric archaeological sites (GaSa-29, GdRr-4, GgRm-1, GiRk-10, and GjRi-4) located throughout the Interior Plateau, Central Canadian Rocky Mountains, and Rocky Mountain Foothills of northern British Columbia, Canada, yielded numerous flaked lithics from various cultural period affiliations. Ten lithic artifacts were submitted by Roy Northern Land and Environmental to PaleoResearch Institute for protein residue analysis. An additional lithic artifact was submitted to PaleoResearch for phytolith analysis. The objectives of Roy Northern are to determine which animals (in the cases of protein residue analysis) and plants (in the case of phytolith analysis) might have been processed with each lithic artifact (Stephan Girard, personal communication, January 18, 2019).

The Topliff Fault is a north-trending fault zone in the Rush Valley of Tooele County, Utah. Geological research along the fault at the Topliff Hill Site aims to better understand prehistoric earthquakes. In association with ongoing research, samples were submitted for bulk sediment analysis and AMS radiocarbon age determination, with the goal of providing a timeline of earthquakes at the fault.

A chert flaked stone tool recovered from Site CA-MEN-1371, Mendocino County, California was submitted for protein residue analysis.

Mr. Warren Crump provided PaleoResearch Institute access to a painting supposedly depicting Pope Julius II (AD 1443–1513) to determine when the artwork was produced. In addition, PaleoResearch performed an XRF scan of the artwork to identify elements of the pigments used in painting. During the course of radiocarbon age determination, PaleoResearch removed paint and other chemicals present on the linen prior to dating.

Lacanjá Tzeltal is a Classic Period Maya site located in Ocosingo, Chiapas, Mexico. A cache containing artifacts was recovered beneath a large limestone altar, situated in the center of a ballcourt (Andrew Scherer, personal communication, November 29, 2019). One chert spear point and two obsidian blades from the cache were submitted for protein residue (CIEP) analysis to determine if the tools were used on plants or animals prior to being deposited in the cache.

Site 24DW0560 is a buried lithic scatter or temporary camp located in Dawson County, Montana, approximately 10.5 km west of the town of Lindsay. Twenty-one samples were submitted for a variety of analyses to better understand resource use among prehistoric huntergatherer populations. Eight lithic samples were submitted for protein analysis. Of the seven rock and sediment samples collected from fire-cracked rock (FCR) features, three were submitted for FTIR analysis, one for macrofloral, one for macrofloral and protein control, and two for macrofloral and AMS age determination. In addition, one feature-fill sample was submitted for macrofloral analysis and as a protein control, two FCR samples were submitted for FTIR analysis, and three uncharred bone samples were submitted for AMS age determination on collagen.