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4. Altered 5-HT2A/C receptor binding in the medulla oblongata in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): Part II. Age-associated alterations in serotonin receptor binding profiles within medullary nuclei supporting cardiorespiratory homeostasis

Author

Cummings, Kevin J, primary, Leiter, James C, additional, Trachtenberg, Felicia L, additional, Okaty, Benjamin W, additional, Darnall, Robert A, additional, Haas, Elisabeth A, additional, Harper, Ronald M, additional, Nattie, Eugene E, additional, Krous, Henry F, additional, Mena, Othon J, additional, Richerson, George B, additional, Dymecki, Susan M, additional, Kinney, Hannah C, additional, and Haynes, Robin L, additional

Published
2024
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5. Multidrug-resistant pathogens contaminate river water used in irrigation in disenfranchised communities

Author

Osman, Marwan, Daaboul, Dina, Tajani, Anahita Ghorbani, El Omari, Khaled, Bisha, Bledar, Hassan, Jouman, Cazer, Casey L., Fiorella, Kathryn J., Karah, Nabil, Abbara, Aula, Hamze, Monzer, Cummings, Kevin J., Naas, Thierry, Kassem, Issmat I., Osman, Marwan, Daaboul, Dina, Tajani, Anahita Ghorbani, El Omari, Khaled, Bisha, Bledar, Hassan, Jouman, Cazer, Casey L., Fiorella, Kathryn J., Karah, Nabil, Abbara, Aula, Hamze, Monzer, Cummings, Kevin J., Naas, Thierry, and Kassem, Issmat I.

Abstract

Objectives: The contamination of fresh surface waters poses a significant burden on human health and prosperity, especially in marginalized communities with limited resources and inadequate infrastructure. Here, we performed in-depth genomic analyses of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR-B) isolated from Al-Oueik river water that is used for irrigation of agricultural fields in a disenfranchised area that also hosts a makeshift Syrian refugee camp. Methods: A composite freshwater sample was filtered. Faecal coliforms were counted and extended spectrum cephalosporins and/or ertapenem resistant bacteria were screened. Isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS and analysed using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify the resistome, sequence types, plasmid types, and virulence genes. Results: Approximately 106 CFU/100 mL of faecal coliforms were detected in the water. Four drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were identified, namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter hormaechei, and Pseudomonas otitidis. Notably, the E. coli isolate harboured blaNDM-5 and a YRIN-inserted PBP3, representing an emerging public health challenge. The K. pneumoniae isolate carried blaSHV-187 as well as mutations in the gene encoding the OmpK37 porin. Enterobacter hormaechei and P. otitidis harboured blaACT-16 and blaPOM-1, respectively. Conclusion: This report provides comprehensive genomic analyses of MDR-B in irrigation water in Lebanon. Our results further support that irrigation water contaminated with faecal material can be a reservoir of important MDR-B, which can spread to adjacent agricultural fields and other water bodies, posing both public health and food safety issues. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement effective water quality monitoring and management programs to control the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in irrigation water in Lebanon.

Published
2024
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9. Representative Public Health Surveys Pose Several Challenges: Lessons Learned Across Nine Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Lawless, Jeanne, primary, Diel, Diego G., additional, Wagner, Bettina, additional, Cummings, Kevin J., additional, Meredith, Genevive, additional, Parrilla, Lara, additional, Plocharczyk, Elizabeth, additional, Lawlis, Robert, additional, Hillson, Samantha, additional, Dalziel, Benjamin D., additional, Bethel, Jeffrey, additional, Lubchenco, Jane, additional, McLaughlin, Katherine R., additional, Haggerty, Roy, additional, Higley, Kathryn, additional, Nieto, F. Javier, additional, Radniecki, Tyler S., additional, Kelly, Christine, additional, Sanders, Justin, additional, and Cazer, Casey L., additional

Published
2024
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10. Orexin Facilitates the Peripheral Chemoreflex via Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons Projecting to the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract.

Author

Ben Musa, Ruwaida, Cornelius-Green, Jennifer, Hua Zhang, De-Pei Li, Kline, David D., Hasser, Eileen M., and Cummings, Kevin J.

Subjects
SOLITARY nucleus, CORTICOTROPIN releasing hormone, REFLEXES, NEURONS, TYROSINE hydroxylase, PARAVENTRICULAR nucleus
Abstract

We previously showed that orexin neurons are activated by hypoxia and facilitate the peripheral chemoreflex (PCR)-mediated hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), mostly by promoting the respiratory frequency response. Orexin neurons project to the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS) and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). The PVN contributes significantly to the PCR and contains nTS-projecting corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons. We hypothesized that in male rats, orexin neurons contribute to the PCR by activating nTS-projecting CRH neurons. We used neuronal tract tracing and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to quantify the degree that hypoxia activates PVN-projecting orexin neurons. We coupled this with orexin receptor (OxR) blockade with suvorexant (Suvo, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) to assess the degree that orexin facilitates the hypoxia-induced activation of CRH neurons in the PVN, including those projecting to the nTS. In separate groups of rats, we measured the PCR following systemic orexin 1 receptor (Ox1R) blockade (SB-334867; 1 mg/kg) and specific Ox1R knockdown in PVN. OxR blockade with Suvo reduced the number of nTS and PVN neurons activated by hypoxia, including those CRH neurons projecting to nTS. Hypoxia increased the number of activated PVN-projecting orexin neurons but had no effect on the number of activated nTS-projecting orexin neurons. Global Ox1R blockade and partial Ox1R knockdown in the PVN significantly reduced the PCR. Ox1R knockdown also reduced the number of activated PVN neurons and the number of activated tyrosine hydroxylase neurons in the nTS. Our findings suggest orexin facilitates the PCR via nTS-projecting CRH neurons expressing Ox1R. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Serotype and anti‐microbial resistance trends among bovine Salmonella isolates from samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in central New York, 2007–2021.

Author

Craig, Maya J., Cummings, Kevin J., Aprea, Melissa S., Franklin‐Guild, Rebecca J., and Altier, Craig

Subjects
*DRUG resistance in microorganisms, *SALMONELLA, *SALMONELLA enterica, *MICROBIAL sensitivity tests, *DAIRY cattle, *BOS
Abstract

Aims: Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of acute enteritis in people, and dairy cattle are an important reservoir of this pathogen. The objective of this study was to analyse serotype and anti‐microbial resistance trends of Salmonella isolated from dairy cattle in the United States between 2007 and 2021. Methods and Results: We collected data for bovine Salmonella isolates obtained from samples submitted to Cornell University's Animal Health Diagnostic Center (AHDC). We analysed 5114 isolates for serotype trends, and a subset of 2521 isolates tested for anti‐microbial susceptibility were analysed for resistance trends. The most frequently identified serotypes were Salmonella Cerro, Dublin, Typhimurium, Montevideo, 4,[5],12:i:‐, and Newport. Among these serotypes, a Cochran–Armitage trend test determined there was a significant increase in the proportion of isolates serotyped as Salmonella Dublin (p < 0.0001) and Montevideo (p < 0.0001) over time. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of isolates serotyped as Salmonella Cerro (p < 0.0001), Typhimurium (p < 0.0001), and Newport (p < 0.0001). For the anti‐microbial resistance (AMR) analysis, we found an overall increase in the proportion of multi‐drug‐resistant isolates over time (p = 0.009). There was a significant increase in the proportion of isolates resistant to ampicillin (p = 0.007), florfenicol (p = 0.0002), and ceftiofur (p < 0.0001) and a marginal increase in resistance to enrofloxacin (p = 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the proportion of isolates resistant to spectinomycin (p = 0.0002), trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (p = 0.01), sulphadimethoxine (p = 0.003), neomycin (p < 0.0001), and gentamicin (p = 0.0002). Conclusions: Our results provide evidence of an increase in resistance to key anti‐microbial agents, although the observed trends were driven by the sharp increase in the proportion of Salmonella Dublin isolates over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens Contaminate River Water Used in Irrigation in Disenfranchised Communities

Author

Osman, Marwan, primary, Daaboul, Dina, additional, Tajani, Anahita Ghorbani, additional, Omari, Khaled El, additional, Bisha, Bledar, additional, Hassan, Jouman, additional, Cazer, Casey L., additional, Fiorella, Kathryn J., additional, Karah, Nabil, additional, Abbara, Aula, additional, Hamze, Monzer, additional, Cummings, Kevin J., additional, Naas, Thierry, additional, and Kassem, Issmat I., additional

Published
2023
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16. Genomic characterization of plasmid-borne colistin resistance variants, mcr-1.1 and mcr-1.26, in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from backyard farm animals

Author

Daaboul, Dina, Kassem, Issmat I., El Omari, Khaled, Eltai, Nahla O., Hassan, Jouman, Al Jamal, Hadi, Fayad, Souad, Salma, Rayane, Ghorbani Tajani, Anahita, Bisha, Bledar, Hamze, Monzer, Oueslati, Saoussen, Cummings, Kevin J., Dabboussi, Fouad, Naas, Thierry, and Osman, Marwan

Published
2024
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18. Altered 5-HT2A/C receptor binding in the medulla oblongata in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): Part II. Age-associated alterations in serotonin receptor binding profiles within medullary nuclei supporting cardiorespiratory homeostasis.

Author

Cummings, Kevin J, Leiter, James C, Trachtenberg, Felicia L, Okaty, Benjamin W, Darnall, Robert A, Haas, Elisabeth A, Harper, Ronald M, Nattie, Eugene E, Krous, Henry F, Mena, Othon J, Richerson, George B, Dymecki, Susan M, Kinney, Hannah C, and Haynes, Robin L

Published
2024
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19. Representative Public Health Surveys Pose Several Challenges: Lessons Learned Across 9 Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Lawless, Jeanne W., Diel, Diego G., Wagner, Bettina, Cummings, Kevin J., Meredith, Genevive R., Parrilla, Lara, Plocharczyk, Elizabeth F., Lawlis, Robert, Hillson, Samantha, Dalziel, Benjamin D., Bethel, Jeffrey W., Lubchenco, Jane, McLaughlin, Katherine R., Haggerty, Roy, Higley, Kathryn A., Nieto, F. Javier, Radniecki, Tyler S., Kelly, Christine, Sanders, Justin L., and Cazer, Casey L.

Published
2024
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21. Detection and characterization of novel luchacoviruses, genusAlphacoronavirus, shed in saliva and feces of meso-carnivores in the northeastern United States

Author

Olarte-Castillo, Ximena A., primary, Plimpton, Laura, additional, McQueary, Holly, additional, Sun, Yining, additional, Yu, Y. Tina, additional, Cover, Sarah, additional, Richardson, Amy N., additional, Jin, Yuhan, additional, Grenier, Jennifer K., additional, Cummings, Kevin J., additional, Bunting, Elizabeth, additional, Diuk-Wasser, Maria, additional, Needle, David, additional, Schuler, Krysten, additional, Stanhope, Michael J., additional, Whittaker, Gary, additional, and Goodman, Laura B., additional

Published
2023
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23. Altered 5-HT2A/Creceptor binding in the medulla oblongata in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): Part II. Age-associated alterations in serotonin receptor binding profiles within medullary nuclei supporting cardiorespiratory homeostasis

Author

Cummings, Kevin J, Leiter, James C, Trachtenberg, Felicia L, Okaty, Benjamin W, Darnall, Robert A, Haas, Elisabeth A, Harper, Ronald M, Nattie, Eugene E, Krous, Henry F, Mena, Othon J, Richerson, George B, Dymecki, Susan M, Kinney, Hannah C, and Haynes, Robin L

Abstract

The failure of chemoreflexes, arousal, and/or autoresuscitation to asphyxia may underlie some sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases. In Part I, we showed that some SIDS infants had altered 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A/Creceptor binding in medullary nuclei supporting chemoreflexes, arousal, and autoresuscitation. Here, using the same dataset, we tested the hypotheses that the prevalence of low 5-HT1Aand/or 5-HT2A/Creceptor binding (defined as levels below the 95% confidence interval of controls—a new approach), and the percentages of nuclei affected are greater in SIDS versus controls, and that the distribution of low binding varied with age of death. The prevalence and percentage of nuclei with low 5-HT1Aand 5-HT2A/Cbinding in SIDS were twice that of controls. The percentage of nuclei with low 5-HT2A/Cbinding was greater in older SIDS infants. In >80% of older SIDS infants, low 5-HT2A/Cbinding characterized the hypoglossal nucleus, vagal dorsal nucleus, nucleus of solitary tract, and nuclei of the olivocerebellar subnetwork (important for blood pressure regulation). Together, our findings from SIDS infants and from animal models of serotonergic dysfunction suggest that some SIDS cases represent a serotonopathy. We present new hypotheses, yet to be tested, about how defects within serotonergic subnetworks may lead to SIDS.

Published
2024
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27. Initial data on Helicobacter pylori resistance in Lebanon

Author

Osman, Marwan, primary, Rafei, Rayane, additional, Cummings, Kevin J., additional, Rafei, Wassim, additional, Awada, Joseph, additional, Moubayed, Hayssam, additional, Majzoub, Farah, additional, Mallat, Hassan, additional, Dabboussi, Fouad, additional, and Hamze, Monzer, additional

Published
2023
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33. Contributors

Author

Angelos, John A., primary, Buczinski DrVet, Sebastien, additional, Cummings, Kevin J., additional, Divers, Thomas J., additional, de Lahunta, Alexander, additional, Ducharme, Norm G., additional, Fecteau, Gilles, additional, Fubini, Susan L., additional, Gilbert, Robert O., additional, Good, Anthony E., additional, Goodrich, Erin L., additional, Guard, Charles L., additional, Irby, Nita L., additional, Lahmers, Elizabeth A., additional, McArt, Jessica A.A., additional, McGuirk, Sheila M., additional, Monke, Donald R., additional, Moroni, Paolo, additional, Nydam, Daryl V., additional, Ollivett, Theresa L., additional, Ospina, Paula A., additional, Peek, Simon F., additional, Scillieri-Smith, Jessica C., additional, Scott, Danny W., additional, Sweeney, Raymond W., additional, Tank, Justin L., additional, Thompson, Belinda S., additional, Virkler, Paul D., additional, Watters, Rick D., additional, Welcome, Francis L., additional, Yeager, Amy E., additional, and Zurakowski, Michael J., additional

Published
2018
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37. A SIDS-Like Phenotype is Associated With Reduced Respiratory Chemoresponses in PACAP Deficient Neonatal Mice

Author

Cummings, Kevin J., Pendlebury, Jonathan D., Jirik, Frank R., Sherwood, Nancy M., Wlison, Richard J. A., Back, Nathan, editor, Cohen, Irun R., editor, Kritchevsky, David, editor, Lajtha, Abel, editor, Paoletti, Rodolfo, editor, Champagnat, Jean, editor, Denavit-Saubié, Monique, editor, Fortin, Gilles, editor, Foutz, Arthur S., editor, and Thoby-Brisson, Muriel, editor

Published
2005
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39. Integrated Surveillance System for Controlling COVID-19 on a University Campus, 2020‒2021

Author

Meredith, Genevive R., primary, Osman, Marwan, additional, Cazer, Casey L., additional, Cummings, Kevin J., additional, Hecht, Jason, additional, Madsen, Cecelia G., additional, Santacrose, Laura B., additional, Dubovi, Abigail S., additional, Clarkberg, Marin, additional, Johnson, Tyler, additional, Fitzpatrick, Maria D., additional, Parrilla, Lara, additional, Li, Yihong, additional, Francis, Lorraine, additional, Weisfuse, Isaac B., additional, Travis, Alexander J., additional, Jones, Anne C., additional, Warnick, Lorin D., additional, and Koretzky, Gary A., additional

Published
2022
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45. The effect of orexin on the hypoxic ventilatory response of female rats is greatest in the active phase during diestrus.

Author

Musa, Ruwaida Ben, Cornelius-Green, Jennifer, Hasser, Eileen M., and Cummings, Kevin J.

Abstract

We recently showed that in male rats, orexin contributes to the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), with a stronger effect in the active phase. The effect of orexin on the HVR in females has not been investigated. As estrogen can inhibit orexin neurons, here we hypothesized that orexin neurons are activated by hypoxia and facilitate the HVR only in diestrus, when estrogen is low. We exposed female rats (n = 10) to near-isocapnic hypoxia (FIO2 from 0.21 to 0.09) over _5 min, after vehicle and again after suvorexant (a dual OxR antagonist; 20 mg/kg ip), with ventilation measured using whole body plethysmography. Each rat was tested in proestrus or estrus (p/estrus), and again in diestrus, during both inactive and active phases. We also performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine the proportion of orexin neurons activated by acute hypoxia during diestrus (n = 6) or proestrus/estrus (n = 6) in the active phase. In the inactive phase, the HVR was unaffected by OxR blockade, irrespective of estrus stage. In the active phase, the effect of OxR blockade depended on stage: the slope of the HVR was significantly reduced by OxR blockade only during diestrus. IHC revealed that hypoxia activated more orexin neurons during diestrus compared with p/estrus. We conclude that in females, orexin neurons are activated by hypoxia and contribute to the HVR only in diestrus when estrogen levels are low. Stage of the estrus cycle should be considered when examining the physiological function of orexin neurons in females. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We previously showed that orexin facilitates the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) of adult male rats during the active phase. Others have shown that estrogen inhibits orexin neurons. Here we show that orexin neurons are activated by hypoxia and facilitate the HVR of adult female rats during the active phase, but only in diestrus. These data suggest that orexin neurons facilitate the HVR in females when they are free from the inhibitory effects of estrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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50. Farm animal contact as risk factor for transmission of bovine-associated salmonella subtypes

Author

Cummings, Kevin J., Warnick, Lorin D., Davis, Margaret A., Eckmann, Kaye, Grohn, Yrjo T., Hoelzer, Karin, MacDonald, Kathryn, Root, Timothy P., Siler, Julie D., McGuire, Suzanne M., Wiedmann, Martin, Wright, Emily M., Zansky, Shelley M., and Besser, Thomas E.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Disease transmission -- Risk factors, Cattle, Livestock, Salmonella, Health
Abstract

Salmonella enterica remains a formidable public health challenge, resulting in [approximately equals] 1.2 million illnesses and 400 deaths annually in the United States alone (1). Disease manifestations include diarrhea, fever, [...]

Published
2012
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