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The place is being built by decorating it with important social and cultural codes such as people's actions, belief worlds, social relations. In particular, one of the main places that contains these spiritual elements is houses. As a socio-spatial element, houses are shaped according to the needs and conditions of each geography. Although they change in form, the common feature of all of them is that they are places where material or spiritual sensuality is experienced intensively. These similarities are especially evident in the risk society. First of all, houses have been the safest places in a culture of fear or a risk society. But houses can never be subjected to a reading independent of the power relations that dominate individuals in social life and public spaces. In particular, the intervention of power in discourse and practices in all areas of life is also reflected in the relationships within the “home”. Based on all these, this study aims to analyze the relations between home and power in the risk society in detail and it is thought that it will make an important contribution to the literature because it is an original topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Route Educational & Social Science Journal (Ress Journal) is the property of Ress Academy Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the start of the new millennium, the American way of thinking about nature and the human relationship with the natural environment has undergone a marked shift, with increasingly influential civic and political environmental movements finding new ways of confronting the public, representatives of industries and political actors with the direct and the anticipated consequences of the heedless exploitation of non-renewable natural resources. The generations born in the first decades of the 21st century demonstrate a strong affiliation with these new environmentalist movements and are drifting towards more radical - sometimes even destructive - acts of environmental activism. This growing movement is international in scope and has also begun to make itself felt in Slovakia. This study discusses the extent to which the new generations of Slovak teenagers and young adults follow and identify with the American view of environmental radicalism. The research examines the process of Americanization and anti-Americanism among young Slovaks, applying methodologies used in the social sciences to determine whether the culture of fear is influencing the new generations' way of thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the sources of fear of employees in hotel businesses is limited. This research deals with the causes and consequences of the fear experienced by employees in hotel businesses. Interviews were conducted with the employees to determine the fears experienced by the employees and what they experienced after the fear. Purposive sampling was used in the research. The responses obtained were analyzed in line with thematic analysis. The fears experienced by the employees in hotel businesses are fear of change, not being promoted, managerial pressure, mobbing, not being included in the winter staff, not receiving regular salary, making mistakes, and gender discrimination. According to the research findings, employees feel stressed, unmotivated, nervous, frustrated, and regretful after feeling fear. According to the results, a significant portion of the employees do not accept the fear situations. From the employees' perspectives towards the business after the fear, it is seen that their attitudes towards the business become negative. This research is aimed to draw attention to the importance of fear culture in the tourism sector, especially in hotel businesses. The research has originality because it offers a different perspective to the related literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The break out and spread of the new corona virus known as Covid-19, which has affected various dimensions of life in human societies from the beginning of 2020, has also attracted great media attention and has led to the emergence of discourses shaped based on metaphor. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of conceptual metaphors in creating a culture of fear in the discourses about Corona in the domestic Persian-language press. The research data consists of metaphorical expressions from the headlines or news texts of Hamshahri newspaper which conceptualized the coronavirus using the domain of war. These metaphorical expressions (N=350) were obtained by keywords search method (such as Corona, Covid, Covid-19, virus, epidemic). The data have been analyzed based on conceptual metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980) and within the framework of the critical metaphor analysis (Charteris-Black, 2004). The results of the research demonstrate that the conceptual metaphor "Corona is an enemy" with its numerous associations regarding the domain of war leads to the promotion and strengthening of the culture of fear in the discourse of Corona. In this regard, the argumentative and emotional functions of metaphors play a key role and both serve the persuasive function IntroductionThe emergence and spread of the new coronavirus known as COVID-19, which has affected various aspects of life in human societies since early 2020, has also been widely reflected in various media around the world and has led to the emergence of discourses, a significant portion of which is based on metaphor. Our aim in this research is to examine the role of conceptual metaphors in creating a culture of fear in the discourse surrounding the coronavirus with a cognitive and critical approach. The research, based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff, 1993; Lakoff & Johnson, 1980, 1999) and within the framework of critical metaphor analysis (Charteris-Black, 2004), seeks to answer two fundamental questions: 1. How do metaphors contribute to the formation of a culture of fear regarding the coronavirus? 2. What function do metaphors play in shaping COVID-19 discourse and the culture of fear?Since the appearance of COVID-19 and its global spread, studies have been conducted on various dimensions of the disease. Linguistic researchers have also studied the conceptualization of the disease and its reflection in media. Mozaheb and Shahiditabar (2020) have found that the most common source domains used in Iranian online media for conceptualizing the coronavirus are: enemy, barrier, path, movement, crisis, fortress, physical experiences, and body parts. Yalsharzeh and Monsefi (2020) have found that the Ministry of Health in Iran has used Concepts based on the religious-revolutionary ideology and the Iran-Iraq war to confront the coronavirus. Javid and Rahimian (2021) have examined the differences in the metaphorical conceptualization of the coronavirus in the headlines of two Iranian newspapers, Etemad and Iran, and found that metaphorical domains such as vehicle, human, animal, disaster, obstacle, sword, object, commodity, competition, living being, force, place, war, event, game, and opportunity were common in both newspapers. At the global level, numerous studies have been conducted on the linguistic dimensions of the coronavirus discourse. Wicke and Bolognesi (2020) have examined the conceptualization of the coronavirus and the discussion of its pandemic on Twitter and found that the words and terms related to the "war" conceptual domain play a significant role in shaping the discourse of the coronavirus. Chaiuk and Dunaievska (2020) have shown that British newspapers, using metaphorical interpretations, have depicted the coronavirus as a deadly creature which is approaching Britain and will engulf the country like a tsunami.MethodologyThe research data consists of excerpts from the titles or texts of news published on the Hamshahri newspaper's website during a four-month period from the beginning of February 2020 to the end of June 2020, in which the coronavirus has been conceptualized by war metaphors. These metaphorical expressions, obtained through keyword search (such as corona, COVID, COVID-19, virus, pandemic), amount to 350 cases and have been analyzed based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) and within the framework of critical metaphor analysis (Charteris-Black, 2004).Results The research findings indicate that the conceptual domain of war is one of the most commonly used metaphorical domains to describe the coronavirus. In the discourse of the Hamshahri newspaper, the conceptual metaphor ‘corona is the enemy’ has played a central and fundamental role in conceptualizing the coronavirus and related issues and events. This conceptual metaphor entails multiple metaphorical implications, including the following:- Medical centers are the front line of the war against the enemy;- Medical staff (doctors, nurses, etc.) are the soldiers (fighters, warriors);- The highest responsible authority is the commander of the war;- Medical interventions and activities are military operations;- Recovery from the coronavirus is defeating the enemy.Discussion and ConclusionIn response to the first question, it must be said that metaphors always highlight some aspects of reality while hide others. What is highlighted in the metaphors of war is the critical nature of the conditions and the intensity of the existential damage that is inflicted on society. Additionally, the necessity of unity and earnest effort to combat the disease is another aspect that is highlighted in this metaphor. Therefore, war metaphors make the audience feel so fearful and anxious that they perceive their ordinary and daily life as a dangerous battle with a deadly enemy, which they may encounter at any time and place.In response to the second question, it should be noted that war metaphors have both cognitive and persuasive functions and, in addition to rationality, they influence the emotions of the audience. The metaphor 'Coronavirus is the enemy' uses various concepts from the war domain, which is a familiar and experienced concept for Iranians, and by employing religious elements that are also prevalent in the discourse of imposed war (such as martyrdom, sacrifice, jihad), it serves the dual functions of argumentation and emotion, accompanying the rationality and emotions of the audience.

The break out and spread of the new corona virus known as Covid-19, which has affected various dimensions of life in human societies from the beginning of 2020, has also attracted great media attention and has led to the emergence of discourses shaped based on metaphor. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of conceptual metaphors in creating a culture of fear in the discourses about Corona in the domestic Persian-language press. The research data consists of metaphorical expressions from the headlines or news texts of Hamshahri newspaper which conceptualized the coronavirus using the domain of war. These metaphorical expressions (N=350) were obtained by keywords search method (such as Corona, Covid, Covid-19, virus, epidemic). The data have been analyzed based on conceptual metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980) and within the framework of the critical metaphor analysis (Charteris-Black, 2004). The results of the research demonstrate that the conceptual metaphor "Corona is an enemy" with its numerous associations regarding the domain of war leads to the promotion and strengthening of the culture of fear in the discourse of Corona. In this regard, the argumentative and emotional functions of metaphors play a key role and both serve the persuasive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current sociological and psychological research tends to consider fear as an essential feature of recent times, an omnipresent phenomenon of contemporary society that influences individual and collective behaviors in different fields. This theoretical analysis explores the various aspects of fear in modern society, with a focus on key concepts such as fear culture, fear sociology, liquid fear, terrorist threat, and fear of freedom. The main objective of this theoretical analysis/research/documentation is to become the theoretical framework for further research on fears and threats in a modern society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Higher Education / Yüksekögretim Dergisi is the property of Deomed Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to reveal the source of fears by examining various variables of teachers' perceptions of fear culture. The study employed an explanatory approach of mixed methods research. Quantitative data were obtained through the "Culture of Fear in Schools Scale," while qualitative data were gathered through a semi-structured interview form. Quantitative data were collected from 325 teachers working in primary and secondary schools in Turkey, selected via the simple random sampling method. Qualitative data were collected from 15 teachers selected using the maximum variation sampling method. Many contradictions have emerged between the quantitative and qualitative findings in the study. While quantitative findings show that teachers experience low levels of fear originating from administrators, colleagues, and legal processes, qualitative results show that teachers experience these fears more prominently. In addition, based on the variables of gender, marital status, seniority at the current school, employment status, and professional seniority, a statistically significant difference was found between teachers' perceptions of the culture of fear. In conclusion, the research provides some evidence for the existence of a culture of fear in schools. In addition, some critical implications regarding the origin of teachers' perceived fears were discussed for future research, practitioners, and policymakers.

Moral panic is one of the important concepts used to explain social processes and cultural orientations, especially today. First theorized by Stanley Cohen in 1972, moral panic has built up an expanding literature today, with its advocates and opponents in much research and debate. Moral panic is the perception of an event, situation, person or phenomenon as a threat by the society or a part of the society. The primary driver of moral panic is the media. However, moral panic continues to operate in various aspects at all levels of social forms. In particular, the cultural field is both the creator of moral panic and the form of social structure that is most affected by the current situation. Fear, anxiety and risk-centered forms of action have taken a form that characterizes the social and the individual. In today's societies characterized by risk and fear and glorified security, panic has become the defining form of cultural structure. The 'panic' risk culture/risk society in the term moral panic has been the central concept of fear culture theories and has placed moral panic theories in a broader ontological context. In this study, the factual, theoretical and empirical orientations of the concept of moral panic will be discussed. The main claim of the study will be based on the shift of the theoretical positions of moral panic to a wider social context together with the theories of risk society and culture of fear, in which the social prevalence of panic is tried to be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Margaret Atwood's Maddaddam trilogy depicts a civilization devastated by a lethal virus developed in a laboratory. The portrayal of isolated and marginalized individuals who perpetrate the construction of the virus, as well as the state of crisis and fear immanent to the apocalyptic narrative, lead to the analysis of the trilogy in reference to the social conditions following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The New historical conception of literature as an equal participant of the process of circulation of the historical and cultural practices provides grounds for the interpretation of the novels within the field of a public imaginary which stems from the equalization of the terrorist threat with undefeatable contagious diseases. However, the trilogy's cooperation with the system it attempts to uncover will hinder its subversive property and a critical distance. Despite its employment of parody in order to unveil the system, the trilogy (re)enforces the space where fear and apocalyptic thought dwell, therefore obstructing its separation and corroborating the culture of fear and terror it originated from.

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Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis is the property of Amsterdam University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic led to dramatic mutations for all humanity. On the one side, the house, used in general to restore the forces of the human being, individually or in family (group), suddenly expanded its role as a temporary small station in a social continuum. On the other hand, the entire social universe collapsed inside the four walls of the house, which has become job, school, playground, fitness hall etc. The present study analyses the changes that took place in the media world after the outbreak of epidemics, because journalists are the only foreigners accepted in a house in which not even all family members are allowed. The mission of the guard dog of democracy seems to have been abandoned. The old values are quickly forgotten and, and the empire of the fear disseminated by the press (consistently sponsored by governments), the most important media channels now focus, with a few exceptions, only on the health of the society. A noble ideal but one that, objectively, should represent the preoccupation of specialised institutions. The idea that the press abandons its position as the fourth power in the state and that it accepts to be the speaking trumpet of the executive power is therefore induced. Is this just a subjective perception or is it a reality? Because, if things really are like this, in this way one could draw the conclusion the media shifts from the utopia of power in the state (I have proved in other papers that it is only a tool of the power) and it takes another decisive step towards the dystopia promoted in recent years until exacerbation. This time, there is the pretext of the pandemic. Which pretext will there be tomorrow?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture of fear can be defined as a concept in society where fear is used to manipulate and alter people’s behaviour in order to achieve certain goals. The role of fear in societies has been a research focus of many scholars whether it was a fear from natural disasters (earthquakes, floods), wars, epidemics, crimes, etc. As a mediator, especially today in 24-hours news cycle, the media have an important role in shaping reality and thus in shaping the perception of risks. Having in mind that when the risk is urgent use of media increases and public turns to news, it is essential to know that media can be beneficial for informing the public but can also exaggerate the risks. The aim of the paper is to analyse the approach that Croatian online media used in reporting during the first wave of the Coronavirus pandemic 2020 and whether they fostered the culture of fear – exaggerated the risk. Method used in the research is quantitative-qualitative content analysis on 912 articles published on Croatian online news portals Večernji.hr and 24sata.hr from 1st February to 31st March. The authors’ intention is to identify the media reporting characteristics that foster culture of fear recognized in practices like extensive coverage, usage of large, intimidating numbers and terms which reflect preoccupation with risk (loaded language), depressing visuals and negative coverage tone as a form of manipulation and intimidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This qualitative study utilizes seventeen F-1 international students' experiences in the U.S. Specifically, we examine the aspects of immigration regulations and policies regarding F-1 international students and the students' reactions to those policies from becoming a legal alien, to maintaining lawful status, to job planning after graduation. This research suggests the current United States administration has created a moral panic over immigration, or the threat of immigration. As a result, this political rhetoric creates negative emotions for F-1 international students and impacts their decision-making after graduation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large number of xenophobic attacks that broke out in different places in South Africa during 2008 was still continuing unabated 10 years later. We were stressed to come to terms with the reality that this occurred in a country that is globally considered to be an example of reconciliation. It is clear that we were confronted by the politics of fear, which were manifested in xenophobia and all the other -isms. In this article, the primary causes of these xenophobic outbreaks were scrutinised and placed within the wider framework of a culture of fear. The central research question is: Why are we still struggling with this phenomenon more than a decade after it first appeared on South African soil? In-depth analysis will be performed on what is lying behind the culture of fear underlying these acts of violence. After exploring some of the factors related to a culture of fear by making use of a sociological frame, the author moved on to answer a second question: How do we, as preachers, researchers and practical theologians, respond in a theological way to the challenges posed by a xenophobic culture in our preaching activities? Finally, the impact of violence and fear on the practice of preaching within a Christian context was discussed.

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Copyright of Politica y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a contemporary context dominated by reports of the historical institutional abuse of children and young people in residential children's homes, and where the voice of workers is largely absent, this study explores the views and experiences of 26 workers in the Republic of Ireland regarding relationship‐based practice. Using an exploratory, qualitative approach and informed by 'appreciative inquiry'; semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 26 residential care workers. The findings highlight that relationship‐based practice has not been fully understood and/or embraced in practice because of a culture of fear that has permeated the Irish residential childcare system. Using theoretical concepts associated with the sociology of fear, the paper explores their effects on practice and argues that these are amplified given the current low status of residential care workers, the impact of media reports and the influence of current discourses around professional practice in which 'objective' and 'emotionally detached' practice is viewed as synonymous with efficiency and effectiveness. The paper ends by considering implications for professional practice in residential childcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates a role of sacral in providing of effectiveness of such form of social control as fear. It is marked, that in archaic and traditional societies the sacral is expression of obvious public necessity and comes forward as a necessary and elementary condition of self-preservation of society, form of code of values of super personality, super individual existence, symbol of bringing in of man to society. It is shown that the sacral is immanent property of cultures of past epochs and ideal form of grant to imperativeness of her binding overs and norms, giving to them super individual, supernatural, transcendent character. It is marked that on the early stages of existence of society in the system of the social adjusting a main factor, that determines the man’s motivation to act is a fear before sacral, that gives reason for the revision of the generally accepted classification according to that primitive, ancient and medieval societies are examined as cultures of shame. Drawn conclusion, that maintenance sacral in quality of cultural dominant of modern society brakes public progress and development of personality internals of man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ileti-s-im is the property of Universite Galatasaray, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Higher Education & Science / Yüksekögretim ve Bilim Dergisi is the property of Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Guns are symbolic of many things in America, but a critical assessment of these semiotic narratives shows them to be seriously limited in understanding the nature of gun violence in the United States, which has killed 30,000 per year on average for over two decades, 75 times more than all military fatalities in America’s “longest war” (in Afghanistan). An additional 70,000 people on average are wounded per year, again for over two decades. Gun violence has been misinterpreted by mass media and many other sources; it should be redefined as the major public health problem it is. Gun violence should be distinguished from the Second Amendment and “gun rights.” Politicians and partisans connect these issues for their own purposes, but they are distinct. Future constructive efforts should consciously disconnect these two issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crime and transgression has become an important factor which is portrayed by the media outlets. The genre called crime reality show situated within the genre of reality show in the media in recent years has a special place in popular cultural world of meaning. Those who are accepted as protagonists, confessors, interrogators, victims and vigilantes are among the major actors in crime reality shows which function as constructing various different cultural and sociological frames of reference. The purpose of this article is to answer to the following questions: What does the crime reality show narrative tell us about contemporary Turkish culture? What are the implications of such a genre in terms of producing a televisual morality? What are the dynamics between socially irresponsible imagination and the idea of moral panic constructed via sensibility guided reasoning? In this paper, we argue that the crime reality show genre in Turkish television employs communicative strategies which are based on mediatization of morality as well as a new trend called prudentialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo discute a cultura e a indústria do medo no Brasil atual, através da relação entre juventude e violência, e no avaliar as consequências desta correlação por meio das proposições levantadas pela mídia brasileira no imaginário nacional. Essa problemática é compreendida tendo em vista a questão da formação dos jovens no país nessa primeira década do século XXI, e em um momento de mudanças significativas nos padrões de comportamento nacional. Mudanças que pulverizam os valores sociais e caminham a passos largos para o individualismo crescente nas relações societárias e uma ampliação do medo do outro, no interior das formas interativas a que estão sujeitos não apenas a juventude, mas a população em geral.This article aims to raise questions about the culture and industry of fear in Brazil today, through the relationship between youth and violence, and evaluates the consequences of this correlation by means of the propositions raised by the Brazilian media in the national imagination. This problem is understood by observing the training of young people in this first decade of the XXI', in a time of significant changes in patterns of national behavior. These changes spray social values and stride to the growing individualism in social relations and expansions to the fear to the other, within the interactive forms that are subject not only youth, but the general population.

The article discusses the most recent Finnish school shootings in Jokela (2007) and in Kauhajoki (2008) as communicative events, proclaimed to be media disasters. These events are described as media disasters following the media logic of the network society. The media performance of the school shootings is analysed from the three different, yet interconnected perspectives: transmission, ritual and dissemination models of communication. The special focus is on the analysis of web based communication; its patterns, functions and logic. The authors argue that the most prevalent media logic of school shooting communication is the circulation of violent messages. Finally the authors suggest that the Jokela and the Kauhajoki school shootings should be considered as articulations of the culture of fear.

Este artigo aborda a multiplicidade de significados da violência apontada pelos estudiosos, comparando-a com estudos empíricos realizados em uma cidade de médio porte do interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A seguir, discute a ausência dessas várias significações, tanto no espetáculo televisivo, quanto na percepção das pessoas pesquisadas, e a presença de estereótipos na construção de mensagens da televisão e em suas interpretações. Busca, também, expor outros dados para explicar a percepção das pessoas pesquisadas sobre o aumento da violência no contexto local. Problematiza, por fim, a cultura do medo, sugerindo que ela pode ser alimentada não só pelo alarme das pessoas pesquisadas que assistem ao espetáculo televisivo, mas também pelo próprio modo de alguns estudiosos analisarem este mesmo espetáculo. A reflexão busca demonstrar que existem concepções reificadas de violência, imagem e realidade, presentes no debate, que retro alimentam a percepção de aumento da violência e o sentimento de insegurança daí decorrentes.This article discusses the multiple meanings of violence identified by researchers, comparing them to empirical studies conducted in a mid-size city in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Subsequently, it considers the absence of these various meanings, both in the television show and in the perception of the people surveyed, as well as the presence of stereotypes in the construction of the television messages and its interpretations. Furthermore, the article intends to present more data to explain the perception of the interviewed people on the increase in violence within the local context. To conclude, the author questions the culture of fear, suggesting that it can be powered not only by the apprehension of the people surveyed who watch the TV show, but also by the way some researchers analyze the same show. The discussion aims to show that there are reified conceptions of violence, image and reality, within the debate, that give power to the perception of an increase in violence and the resulting sense of insecurity.