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Countervailing discourses of cultural appreciation versus cultural appropriation are fueling a tension between the ethnic consumer subject, who views the consumption of cultural difference as a valorized identity project, and the responsibilized consumer subject, who is tasked with considering the societal impacts of such consumption. Drawing on an extended qualitative investigation of international K-pop consumers, this study illustrates that this tension spurs consumers to pursue self-authorization—the reflexive reconfiguration of the self in relation to the social world—through which consumers grant themselves permission to continue consuming cultural difference. Four consumer self-authorization strategies are identified: reforming, restraining, recontextualizing, and rationalizing. Each strategy relies upon an amalgam of countervailing moral interpretations about acts of consuming difference, informing ideologies about the power relationships between cultures, and emergent subject positions that situate the consuming self in relation to others whose differences are packaged for consumption. Findings show notable conditions under which each self-authorization strategy is deployed, alongside consumers' capacity to adjust and recombine different strategies as they navigate changing sociocultural and idiographic conditions. Overall, this study advances understanding of how consumers navigate the resurgent politics of marketized cultural diversity in an era of woke capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundDietary acculturation is the process by which diet and dietary practises from the environment of origin are retained or changed and/or those prevalent in a new environment are adopted. Despite rapid population growth the U.S., knowledge gaps exist on characterising dietary acculturation among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander communities (AANHPI). This study characterise dietary patterns in a sample representative of AANHPI on key demographic characteristics.MethodsData were from a 2013-2014 population-based case-control study in the San Francisco Bay Area, U.S. Survey items were adapted from dietary acculturation scales developed for AANHPI populations. Validated measures assessed social capital, social standing, discrimination and immigration experiences. A principal components factor analysis was conducted to characterise dietary patterns of acculturation.ResultsThree dietary patterns were identified: "Asian," "Western," and a distinct "Multicultural" factor. Respondents reporting a high-Asian diet tended to also report smaller social networks, higher levels of stress, and, among those born outside of the U.S., an educational standing that was better before immigration. Respondents reporting a high-Western diet tended to also report the highest level of discrimination. Those reporting a high-Multicultural diet tended to report higher neighbourhood collective efficacy.ConclusionsThe finding of a distinct "Multicultural" factor beyond the typical "Asian" and "Western" factors may reflect the multidirectional relationships between culture, diet, and dietary behavior, in which origin and destination cultures interact in complex ways and where foods from multiple ethnicities intermix.

Continuing Education (CE) aims to help health professionals fulfill their ethical responsibility of maintaining professional competence. This research compares the CE guidelines and standards of 11 health professional organizations in relation to five domains of evolving professional values: ethics, cultural diversity, social justice, interprofessionalism, and self-care. Results showed that ethics received the greatest attention across the CE standards, followed by interprofessionalism and cultural diversity. This study offers a starting point for CE accreditors to examine the extent to which their CE standards align with their profession's stipulated values, and to situate themselves within the broader context of health profession accreditors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe how clinicians provide culturally responsive care to culturally diverse people with kidney failure in haemodialysis centres. Background: Culturally diverse individuals receiving in‐centre maintenance haemodialysis have unique cultural needs. Unmet cultural needs can impair and profoundly affect their experiences. Given culturally responsive care has the potential to enhance the experiences of culturally diverse people, it is vital to understand how clinicians provide culturally responsive care. Method: A scoping review was undertaken using Arksey and OMalleys framework. Five databases: Medline and CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), PsycINFO, Embase (OVID) and ProQuest Theses and Dissertation databases were searched for research literature published in English between 1990 and 2023. Narrative synthesis was used to synthesise the data. Results: From the 17,271 records screened, 17 papers reporting 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. Narrative synthesis revealed two themes: (i) communication enablers and barriers including linguistic differences, professional and lay interpreter use; and (ii) the importance of culture, which encompassed acknowledging cultural priorities, accommodating cultural food preferences and access to cultural training. Conclusion: While competing priorities associated with haemodialysis may be a challenge for clinicians, recognising the significance of cultural care needs and accommodating them in care is important. Demonstrating respect towards cultural diversity and providing person‐centred care by facilitating the unique cultural needs of people with kidney failure in haemodialysis is imperative. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Culturally responsive care is complex and multidimensional. Individuals' cultural care needs should be acknowledged, respected, and accommodated in care. Patient or Public contribution: No patient or public contribution. The study protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. https://osf.io/uv8g3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spanish is the second most common language among US children aged 5–17, with 26.8% speaking it at home. To foster cultural understanding and promote positive relationships, it's crucial to introduce young children to different languages and cultures. Preschool language education can cultivate respect and empathy, building more inclusive communities. Culturally responsive education equips children with skills to value diversity, creating a harmonious cultural climate. This article highlights the importance of learning another language (e.g., Spanish) and introduces Language Learning Circles (LCC) for preschoolers. Research indicates ages 3–6 are optimal for language acquisition, emphasizing the need for early exposure to enhance learning, and cultural appreciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of board cultural diversity (BCD) and board gender diversity (BGD) of the board of directors on environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance in the European banking sector using resource-based view (RBV) theory. In addition, this study analyses the linkages between BCD and BGD and knowledge sharing on the board of directors to improve ESG performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study selected a sample of European-listed banks covering the period 2021. ESG and diversity variables were collected from Refinitiv Eikon and analysed using the ordinary least squares model. This study was conducted in the European context regulated by Directive 95/2014/EU, which requires sustainability disclosure. The original population was represented by 250 banks; after missing data were excluded, the final sample comprised 96 European-listed banks. Findings: The findings highlight the positive linkages between BGD, BCD and ESG scores in the European banking sector. In addition, the findings highlight that diversity contributes to knowledge sharing by improving ESG performance in a regulated sector. Nonetheless, the combined effect of BGD and BCD negatively impacts ESG performance. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to measure and analyse a regulated sector, such as banking, and the relationship between cultural and gender diversity for sharing knowledge under the RBV theory lens in the ESG framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Design Methods Results Conclusions There is little research exploring the subthreshold social anxiety (SSA) in culturally diverse young people. This study addresses this gap and provides an insight into the vivid world of this ‘hidden’ population.Four participants from England were interviewed using semi‐structured interviews. Four superordinate themes and their corresponding subordinate themes emerged from the transcripts: Excessive self‐consciousness—The inner critic and Feeling judged by others; Influences of social and cultural norms—The impact of dress‐code rules and The pressure of high expectations; Embracing a false reality—Patterns of avoidance and The public self; and Coping strategies—Breaking the wall of cultural norms, Pushing the bubble out and Know that you are not alone. Due to the vastness of the data, this study presents only the first two superordinate themes and their corresponding subordinate themes.The author chose interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). This allowed the participants to describe thoroughly their lived experiences and enabled the researcher to adopt a scientific approach.The results revealed that the socio‐cultural background of this population played a pivotal role in the prevalence and expression of SSA.The participants' experiences were significantly influenced by the social and cultural norms of their country of origin as well as the characteristics of modern society in England. The predominant factors were the pressure of high expectations from family and society, transgenerational trauma, socio‐cultural norms, uncertainty about the future and lack of opportunities to secure employment. Future research could examine the socio‐cultural influences shaping contemporary British society and their impact on youth's mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) model, social work students based in three different countries (U.S. China, U.K.) were invited to participate in intercultural discussions about the development of the welfare systems in these countries. The discussion forum and COIL activities were conducted using synchronous virtual meetings via Zoom which were referred to as ‘virtual cocktail parties.’ Fifteen synchronous sessions were offered, and a total of 91 students participated in the COIL classes. This endeavor aims to enhance students’ utilization of a peer learning format for intercultural effectiveness, thereby fostering a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the intricate aspects of social work practice. Through discussions with their peers in different countries, social work students recognized how, interculturally, they were impacted by social problems and professional situations. Learners also reflected, dialogued, and shared in contexts marked by cultural diversity. COIL appears to encourage students to develop a sense of global citizenship, fostering a deeper understanding of their roles and responsibilities in an interconnected world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The imperative to decolonise health disciplines underscores the need for a critical examination of the coloniality of nursing knowledge development. Decolonising nursing requires epistemic resistance aimed at exposing and dismantling epistemological hierarchies that marginalise indigenous knowledges. This paper introduces the 'Pluriverse of Nursologies' as paradigm to guide decolonial theorising in nursing. Through a four‐part exploration, I first elucidate the coloniality embedded in mainstream nursing knowledge. Next, I offer a decolonial critique of Fawcett's nursing metaparadigm as an exemplar of pyramidal epistemology. I then discuss pluriversality as an approach to decolonising nursing knowledge. Finally, I introduce the Pluriverse of Nursologies (PoN) as a meta‐theoretical paradigm for theory and knowledge development that decentres and dismantles the pyramidal epistemology of colonial/modern nursing, and relinks diverse nursologies from marginalised communities to the centre of intellectual nursing discourse, thereby revitalising the theoretical landscape of the discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community language schools provide language and cultural education to young people. Forming a key education sector worldwide with an estimated two million enrolments, these community-run, out-of-hours schools nonetheless tend to be marginalised by 'mainstream' education and 'mainstream' educational research. There has been a dramatic increase in research into community language schools in the past two decades, but there is still no systematic review that analyses the education role and contribution of this sector. This study aims to provide a clear picture of the extent, nature and gaps in the existing research into community language schools from 2001 to 2023. The study tracks how the research focus has shifted and grown in the past decades, but also highlights that the marginalisation of community language schools and research remains. The study directs researchers to relevant publications and suggests issues and topics in need of further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assisted dying, also commonly known as euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, is legal in many countries. Interest in assisted dying is growing due to evolving societal understandings of a good death and a desire for choice. Ethico-legal perspectives are well-known, but as societies become more heterogenous, a greater understanding of the perspectives of people from diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds is needed. Aim: To explore perspectives of people from diverse racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds about assisted dying. Design: Scoping review with narrative synthesis. The protocol was registered with Open Science Framework. Data sources: Medline, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global were searched from inception to May 2023. Citations were independently assessed against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Of the 17 included studies, perspectives of assisted dying were presented according to religion, religiosity, spirituality, race, ethnicity and ancestry. Perspectives were diverse, presenting more as a spectrum, with multiple intersections and interconnections. Support and/or opposition for assisted dying differed according to cultural attributes, but even amongst those with similar cultural attributes, perspectives differed according to life experiences and notions of suffering. Conclusion: Perspectives on assisted dying are dynamic and evolving. Even where assisted dying is legalised, individual's cultural attributes contribute to unique perspectives of assisted dying as an end-of-life option. Thus, understanding a person's culture, beliefs, expectations and choices in illness, treatment goals and care is fundamental, extending beyond what may be already considered as part of clinician-patient care relationships and routine advance care planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Western countries, the ideal professional and ethical attributes of healthcare providers and the ideal patient-doctor relationship have been analysed in detail. Other cultures, however, may have different norms, arising in response to diverse healthcare needs, cultural values and offering alternative perspectives. In this paper, drawing a case study, we introduce the concept of Shinmi, used in Japan to describe a desirable approach to medical care. Shinmi means kind or cordial in Japanese. In the medical context, it refers to doctors treating patients with a degree of emotional closeness as if they were the doctors' own family. We analyse the concept of Shinmi, drawing on virtue ethics. We distinguish two different elements to a Shinmi-na attitude. As illustrated in our example, excessive Shinmi can be problematic for patients and doctors. Furthermore, elements of Shinmi may conflict with existing Western values (for example, norms that encourage emotional detachment and discourage doctors' treatment of family members). However, if pursued appropriately, we argue that a balanced Shinmi-na approach can be conducive to the goals of medicine. The concept of Shinmi may be valuable for medical students, in Japanese and potentially other health care systems, and help them to cultivate a virtuous approach to meeting the emotional needs of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racial and ethnic minority groups are underrepresented in chiropractic education and the profession, and are less likely than individuals identifying as White to have access to or use chiropractic care. Stakeholders with leadership positions in USA-based chiropractic colleges and organizations participated in 3 online diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) summit meetings to foster a deeper understanding of DEI, identify DEI objectives, and develop action steps and drive change. Summit I (51 attendees) comprised 3 presentations that provided background about DEI in chiropractic education and practice. Summit II (32 attendees), comprised 4 breakout sessions addressing organizational issues in DEI. Summit III (65 attendees) comprised 5 collaborative sessions focused on implementation of DEI objectives. We use aggregate data and qualitative summaries to provide a descriptive narrative. Data sources include pre/post-summit quantitative surveys, items from open-ended questionnaires, and a spreadsheet of recommendations for increasing organizational DEI. Before attending Summit I, 48% rated their understanding of DEI issues as "moderately" or "very" high, compared with 74% afterward. Summit II participants suggested actions that should be taken by their institutions and the profession. Summit III participants stressed the need for DEI-supportive data, policies, and resources. They identified > 150 action steps to address DEI objectives. A listserv was established to facilitate ongoing institutional collaboration. Summit participants recognized the importance of developing a diverse, culturally aware chiropractic workforce. The summits provided structure and support for stakeholders to effectively plan for and implement DEI in their organizations and institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This clinical case study delves into the therapeutic process of a cross-cultural couple, facing the intersection of disability and infidelity concerns. This intersection illuminates the intricate dynamics that arise when couples navigate both the complexities of disability and the emotional turmoil associated with infidelity. Utilizing Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), case intervention unfolded through three distinct stages, revealing intricate emotional dynamics, attachment styles, and communication patterns. The study explores the couples’ narrative, negative interaction cycles, and distinct emotional processing styles, considering complicating factors such as immigration challenges, cultural norms, and online infidelity. To strengthen bonds, the therapeutic approach promotes cultural sensitivity, intersectionality, and emotional connection. Despite time constraints and visa issues, the study highlights the efficacy of EFT in navigating the complexities of this cross-cultural couple. This case study contributes to the existing literature by examining the interplay of disability, infidelity, and cultural diversity within the framework of couples’ therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of culturally diverse adolescents in South Korea has reached 290,000 and is increasing every year; however, they still represent only 2.5% of the total adolescent population in middle and high schools, making them a minority. Adolescents experiencing cultural diversity are psychologically vulnerable because they grow up in bicultural environments and experience prejudice. Given the nature of generalized anxiety disorder, which can be exacerbated by stress, these adolescents may face an increased risk of developing the disorder not only because of developmental stress but also because of the stress of cultural adaptation. To identify the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among adolescents with cultural diversity, we analyzed related factors. Based on the results, strategies have been proposed to reduce anxiety in adolescents with cultural diversity and generalized anxiety disorders. Methods: This study used data from the 16th − 18th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Factors associated with generalized anxiety disorders were identified based on the social determinants of the health framework. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS 25.0, and statistical methods were used for complex samples. Results: Among adolescents with cultural diversity, 12.8% exhibited generalized anxiety disorders. Among the structural factors, economic status, mother's education level, and gender were significantly associated with the disorder, whereas among the psychosocial factors, suicidal ideation, depressive mood, loneliness, perceived stress level, and subjective health status were significant factors influencing it. Conclusion: The factors identified in our research can be used as a resource for the early identification of culturally diverse adolescents who are vulnerable to generalized anxiety disorders. To prevent generalized anxiety disorder among adolescents with cultural diversity, school or community nurses can implement interventions to reduce loneliness or stress management programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to identify the current state of knowledge and thematic research trends in the field of cross-cultural management of organizations. Design/methodology/approach: The research method used to achieve the research objective is bibliometric analysis. Data obtained from the Web of Science database were analyzed using the specialized software VOSviewer. To understand the trends in emerging topics, the collected literature was divided into blocks representing three consecutive decades of the 21st century. Findings: The analysis revealed a growing scholarly interest in cross-cultural management, addressing managerial needs and adapting to changing work environments. It also identified core themes consistent across all examined periods and highlighted emerging research topics in recent years. This provides insights into the evolution of cross-cultural management research throughout the 21st century. Research limitations/implications: The limitations of the article primarily concern the bibliometric analysis, for which data were exclusively obtained from the Web of Science database. Additionally, the analysis was narrowed down to 30 keywords, which improved the clarity of the study but limited the depth of the analysis. The research findings highlight the increasing interdisciplinarity of the cross-cultural management topic and thus suggest a direction for future research in this area. Originality/value: This paper provides novel insights into the evolving landscape of crosscultural management research by presenting a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of trends over time. It offers a detailed examination of how researchers' focus has shifted, highlighting both enduring core themes and emerging topics within the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital age, Albanian children's literature is inevitably facing new challenges and opportunities, where the power of reflection on the preservation of cultural and linguistic heritage is becoming increasingly important and serious. Linguistic and literary diversity in children's literature is a rich and complex field that reflects the social, cultural, and educational changes that have occurred in Albania and the Albanian diaspora. The aim of this research is to present several literary perspectives to reflect on how linguistic and literary diversity helps children become aware not only of the richness of their language and culture but also promotes a strong sense of national identity and interculturalism. By delving into the features of the culture and language they study and through comparison with other cultures, children and young people become more aware of the values of their national culture. The research methodology is based on the analysis of works by authors who have played a significant role in preserving and promoting linguistic, dialectal, cultural, and regional diversity, thus reflecting the richness and variety of Albanian traditions; and an evaluative method based on teachers' experiences in developing literary lessons. The information that students gain through literature and readings of various kinds makes them well-versed in the diversity of human society, the humane values this society has conveyed and continues to convey, as well as the opposite; using a comparative method to see the role reading plays as a bridge between the events read and the individual's linguistic experience, which facilitates the integration of different perspectives on the real world. We often see ourselves as a story, and storytelling is an innate and unique part of humanity; therefore, we must strive to use its power to think from a global perspective. Albanian writers, through their stories, narratives, events, and characters, have contributed to the preservation and promotion of various Albanian cultures and traditions, offering a rich window for children to recognize and appreciate the diversity of their country. Thus, we as educators and researchers have the privilege of reflecting on the power that books and stories have in educating, transforming, and raising awareness of literary heritage, cultural diversity, multilingualism, and multiculturalism, as they serve as invaluable gateways to the world of truth, enabling critical thinking about the ever-changing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Early phase clinical trials (EPCTs) enable access to novel therapies for patients who have exhausted standard of care treatment and contribute a crucial role in drug development and research. Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) or socially disadvantaged patients have notably lower rates of participation in these trials. We aimed to characterise the social and cultural demographics of patients enrolled on an EPCT in South Western Sydney. Methods: We conducted a 10-year retrospective review of patients enrolled on a EPCT at Liverpool Hospital. CALD patients were defined as those born overseas or whose preferred language was other than English. The patient residential address was used to calculate distance travelled, and the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage (IRSD) and Index of Relative Socioeconomic Advantage and Disadvantage (IRSAD) scores were calculated and used as a surrogate for socioeconomic status (SES). Results: Our study included 233 patients across 39 EPCTs. Ninety-one patients (39%) were identified as CALD. The median IRSD and IRSAD scores were 941 and 944, respectively, with 62.7–67.4% of patients residing in an area with greater disadvantage compared to the median of Australia. The median distance travelled was 17 kilometres with only 12% of participants travelling more than 50 km. CALD patients were more likely to reside in an area of low SES (OR 3.4, 95% CI: 1.8–6.5, p < 0.01) and travelled shorter median distances (10 vs. 23 km) when compared to non-CALD patients. Conclusion: Our study cohort contained a lower proportion of CALD patients and a higher SES than what we might have expected from our local population. Furthermore, there was a trend toward greater SES disadvantage (lower IRSD/IRSAD scores) for the CALD population. This study provides novel Australian data to support the underrepresentation of culturally diverse or disadvantaged patients on EPCTs. Future efforts should be made to reduce barriers to participation and improve equity in clinical trial participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monica McGoldrick stands as a towering figure in the field of family therapy. Initially earning a Masters in Russian Studies, she then pivoted to social work and systems thinking. McGoldrick's illustrious career has been marked by significant contributions to family therapy, particularly through her work with family genograms, mapping family relationships and histories to identify patterns across generations. She expanded the use of genograms to incorporate cultural, ethnic and gender contexts, revolutionising the field. Her work emphasises understanding individuals within their historical, social and cultural contexts. She has authored multiple seminal texts, including ‘Ethnicity and family therapy’, and Genograms: Assessment and treatment, which are essential reading in family therapy training. McGoldrick has also been a trailblazer in addressing issues related to gender and power in family therapy. In this candid interview, she contextualises and frames her experience in a historical scaffold at a pivotal time in the evolution of family therapy. Monica details her involvement in the development of important endeavours such as the Multicultural Family Institute and the Women of Stonehenge where she emphasises the vital role of women in our community and the profound contribution of women in our profession, often dismissed and undervalued. We also discuss her notable contribution in the development and expansion of family genograms where she highlights the central and fundamental role of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a comparative study exploring how diverse mindscapes influence futures thinking, informing futures studies curricula and educator roles. Workshops in three locations involving two participant groups were analysed. Data collection involved a mixed method approach, including a Likert scale questionnaire and reflection essays. The study reveals diverse cultural worldviews and societal contexts in Taiwan, Mexico, and Guatemala, with cultural factors significantly shaping participants' perceptions of the future. Recognising these influences enables a nuanced understanding and informs curricula design and scaffolded learning to support the development of futures literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Hispanics are a significant demographic in the U.S., with diverse cultures and languages. Assessing cognition in this group is complex as cultural and linguistic factors have been found to affect test performance. OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data on the World Health Organization-University of California Los Angeles Auditory Verbal Learning Test (WHO-UCLA AVLT) in a sample of Spanish-speaking Hispanics residing in the U.S. METHODS: The sample included 245 Spanish-speaking individuals aged 18–80 across the U.S. (California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, New Jersey, Oregon, Virginia, and Wisconsin). Participants were administered the WHO-UCLA AVLT as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. A Bayesian regression approach was used to estimate normative data, including covariates found to be important for predicting performances on measures of learning and memory. RESULTS: Bayesian models showed a logarithmic link between education and all WHO-UCLA AVLT trials, except recognition. For delayed recall, increased Spanish proficiency benefited women's performance exclusively. Time in the U.S. was a significant predictor for total recall, indicating worse performance with longer residency. CONCLUSION: Recognizing cultural factors like language proficiency and duration of U.S. residence is essential for accurately evaluating cognitive function among Spanish-speaking Hispanics. This research emphasizes the importance of accounting for cultural nuances in developing norms for neuropsychological assessments, thereby improving their relevance and effectiveness in diverse communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Normative data for Spanish-speaking populations, particularly Hispanics in the U.S., is notably scarce. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish normative data for executive function tests (Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Color and Word Test) among Spanish-speaking Hispanics in the U.S. METHODS: We assessed 245 individuals aged 18–80 from eight U.S. states (California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, New Jersey, Oregon, Virginia, and Wisconsin) and employed Bayesian regression to estimate norms, considering various sociodemographic factors influencing performance. RESULTS: The posterior distribution suggests a high probability that age impacts SCWT performance, with older adults likely to show greater declines, particularly among those with high proficiency in Spanish. The posterior distribution suggests a stronger effect of age on M-WCST performance among individuals with longer U.S. residency. Educational attainment demonstrates a robust positive impact on M-WCST outcomes, with lower levels of education associated with a higher probability of increased errors. An interaction between education and Spanish proficiency was observed, influencing SCWT scores differently across proficiency levels. Sex and acculturation levels interact to affect SCWT performance, with distinct patterns observed between men and women. This suggests that the impact of acculturation on cognitive test performance may vary by gender. CONCLUSION: Establishing culturally sensitive normative data can enhance accurate identification of executive dysfunction and reduce misdiagnosis risks. This study underscores the importance of considering sociocultural factors including acculturation and language proficiency in neuropsychological assessments to better serve diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Hispanics/Latinos are the largest racial/ethnic group among underrepresented populations in the U.S. and multiple sociodemographic, cultural, and linguistic factors have been found to impact their performances on cognitive testing. Despite this, few normative data are available for the heterogeneous Spanish-speaking population in the U.S. OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data on the Trail-Making Test (TMT), Bells Test, Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and the Brief Test of Attention (BTA) for Spanish speakers residing in the U.S. METHODS: The sample included 245 Spanish-speaking individuals aged 18– 80 from eight states across the U.S. (California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, New Jersey, Oregon, Virginia, and Wisconsin). Participants were administered attention and processing speed measures as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. We used a Bayesian regression approach to estimate normative data, including covariates found to be important for predicting performances on measures of attention and processing speed. RESULTS: Sociodemographic factors including education, time in the U.S., acculturation, age, and/or sex had differential effects on the TMT-A, TMT-B, SDMT, and the BTA whereas the Bells Test was not influenced by any of these sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that while sex, age, and educational attainment are important factors to consider, language and acculturation can also influence attention and processing speed performances among Spanish speakers in the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our current cultural climate, n growing problem is not so much the abandonment of beliefin truth, but the absence of a commonly held basis upon which to discern between competing truth claims. This problem goes far beyond the rejection of established scient¢ic paradigms, to the inability to agree on truth claims of any kind, even objective obseruational facts. Without a shared reality, there can be no shared pursuit of truth rooted in observntions of n real universe. There are thus no common criteria by which statements about the world, and events in that world, can be judged. This lack of agreement on how to evaluate truth claims, and the divisions that result, is a cause for concern in both the secular and Christian communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long-standing concern in the study of culture is understanding how culture is distributed, often discussed in terms of cultural "coherence." Cultural diversity, defined as the degree to which people share beliefs or meanings, is one dimension of cultural coherence that has been associated with many social outcomes. This article contributes to this area of research by considering how to measure cultural diversity in text and introducing a simple approach that uses word counts and sets of diversity indices (called "diversity profiles"). Text is useful for social-psychological analysis because as an artifact of individual thought, it provides a way to measure how beliefs and meanings are distributed and made salient across groups. The measurement approach outlined here contrasts to many contemporary computational approaches to measuring culture in text, which employ a relational logic of meaning based on word co-occurrences. While these more sophisticated approaches are well suited to measuring diversity in many instances, I show that there are some cases for which simpler measures based on word counts are ideal. After discussing the measurement of cultural diversity using word counts, I present a computational analysis of interview transcripts of American religious parents discussing the ages at which it is appropriate for children to participate in different practices often considered inappropriate for young children. The analysis points to the homogenizing influence of institutions on discussions of age appropriateness. I conclude by discussing implications for cultural analysis more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The cultural competence of nurses is crucial in providing nursing care for patients from different cultures. The absence of cultural competence can negatively impact the entire course of care; however, implementing cultural competence in critical care unit can be complicated. Aim: This study aimed to determine nurses' perceptions regarding cultural competence in critical care units. Study Design: This study used a qualitative design with semi‐structured interviews with nurses (n = 10) working in critical unites. Data were collected from February to June 2022 and then categorized and evaluated. Atlas.ti was used for the inductive thematic content analysis. Results: Three key areas identified were as follows: (1) nurses and culturally competent care in critical care, (2) cultural challenges in practice and (3) suggestions for improving culturally competent care. The participants expressed that culturally competent care in critical care units has specific limitations because of the nature of the intensive care units (ICUs). Additional learning included opportunities to improve culturally competent care, such as raising cultural awareness, developing language skills and promoting culturally competent care. Conclusions: Providing culturally competent care in critical care units is an understudied area. Identifying barriers and cultural challenges is one strategy nurses can use to improve culturally competent ICU care. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Creating cultural awareness by training nurses in their own culture, in cultural diversity, and in overcoming prejudices and stereotypes is an essential step towards increasing cultural competence. Understanding nurses' perceptions on this topic can provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for providing culturally sensitive care in a critical care setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Filosóficos is the property of Estudios Filosoficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To meet the population's increasing diversity and the health system's needs, it is necessary to prepare nursing schools to produce culturally qualified students. This study aimed to extract the experiences of nursing educators about the cultural competence of nursing students. In this qualitative descriptive study, data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 nursing educators affiliated with three medical sciences universities in southeastern Iran. Purposive data sampling and analysis were performed using Graneheim and Lundman's conventional content analysis methods. One main theme, 5 categories, and 18 subcategories were extracted. The main theme was "cultural equality, the essence of care and education". Categories included "Toward culturally-based caring and education", "Charter of cultural rights", "The need for cultural competence facilitators", "Cultural exposure", and "Modifying the curriculum policies". This study shows that nursing educators strive to take into account students' cultural competence, even though cultural competence is not explicitly integrated into nursing curricula. The acquisition of cultural competence requires multifaceted changes in education, in clinical centers, and in the creation of cultural infrastructure. • Holistic nursing care will be achieved when a nurse understands the patient's cultural values. • Nursing educators play an important role in the process of cultural empowerment of nursing students. • Cultural equality is the essence of care and education. • Cultural competencies should be incorporated into the nursing curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Accounting & Finance Management (JAFM). is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article considers the complexities of fostering inclusive teaching and feedback practices in legal education, taking into account the evolving landscape of cultural diversity and widening participation. Drawing on diverse perspectives and teaching experiences, it explores the challenges and opportunities presented by students from varied backgrounds, learning styles and prior knowledge. Addressing students' diverse learning needs, cultural differences, lack of familiarity with legal culture and language, and potential bias and discrimination is crucial for tackling the attainment gap in legal education. Strategies for inclusive teaching and learning include adaptation of the traditional seminar format to facilitate smaller group discussions, incorporate structured active learning activities and utilise online forums. Systemic change is essential, with law schools needing to prioritise improving access to technology, extending the use of multimedia resources and dismantling structural inequalities. Ultimately, this article serves as a guide for legal educators to navigate the range of diversity within their classrooms. By embracing the challenges and actively implementing inclusive feedback practices – including feedback on formative assessment, small group feedback sessions, online platforms, writing support, exemplars and interactive marking sheets – legal educators can address the specific needs of law students and help them develop the ability to regulate their own learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the engagement of vernacular languages and the nuances of cultural diversity in the translation of punchlines in standup comedy shows. It examines Jo Koy's Netflix. Jo Koy, an American comedian with a Filipino mother, often associates Filipino English and culturally specific references into his routine and makes humor by relating his cultural background. However, translating humor for a global audience is not easy, especially while keeping the humor impact of vernacular languages. This research focuses on the cultural diversity issues in translating punchlines, and interactions between two different elements: English and Indonesian. It examines subtitles from Jo Koy's comedy show 'Comin' In Hot', broadcast on Netflix, and the context: the Hawaiian and Indonesian audience, and the American comedian. The study demonstrates that standup comedy shows address cultural diversity. Hawaii, the similarities between Mexicans and Filipinos, Asian English accents, Jo Koy's mother, Filipino culture, and the father-son relationship are all referred to in the punchlines. Delivery of the punchlines articulates the notion of 'difference' and personal connection. In them, cultural issues rise through place names, customs, beliefs, linguistic culture, characters, and objects. Translation techniques such as compressing, shifting, borrowing and adding are used to reach the audience. When employing these techniques, space limitations, duration, understanding of the audience, and cultural issues play a role. The study suggests that the intersection of language, culture, and translation in global media contribute to a broader understanding of how comedy can transcend linguistic boundaries while retaining its original comedic intent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research deals with integration theory in measuring cultural diversity in the urban context. Cultural diversity is the recognition of the rights of all groups in society, so the presence of Muslims in Western society is an example of reflecting cultural diversity in the Western urban context. Integration theory is an attempt to bring a variety of theories and models into one framework. It consists of four quadrants, each quadrant representing a specific scale. Muslims represent the social part interacting with Western society, which is the subjective, individual and collective part of the integration theory (the first and third quadrants), and the Islamic religious buildings and their interaction with the urban context represent the objective part of the integration theory (the second and fourth quadrants). A specific questionnaire is chosen for each quarter and the results of the questionnaire provide a measure of the subjective and objective aspects of integration theory. The results showed that the subjective aspects of individuals and their relationship with Western society are the highest percentage of the objective aspects of the requirements of the Islamic religious building or the relationship of the religious building with the Western urban context. Multicultural planning has a role in integrating culturally diverse societies and achieving smooth interaction among its members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Clinicians need a tool to gauge patients' ability to understand health conditions and treatment options. The Short-form Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) is the gold standard for this, but its length is prohibitive for use in clinical settings. This study seeks to validate a novel three-item question set for predicting health literacy. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized an in-person questionnaire alongside the S-TOFHLA. The sample included 2027 English- and Spanish-speaking adults (≥18 years) recruited from primary care practices serving a low-income eastern Pennsylvania community. Most patients (57.7%) identified as Hispanic. Diagnostic accuracy of each question and aggregated scores were assessed against the validated survey by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Results Questions in the 'Problems Learning' and 'Help Reading' domains (AUROC 0.66 for each) performed better than the 'Confident Forms' question (AUROC 0.64). Summing all three scores resulted in an even higher AUROC curve (0.71). Cronbach's alpha of the combined items was 0.696. Conclusions Study results suggest that any of the three questions are viable options for screening health literacy levels of diverse patients in primary care clinical settings. However, they perform better as a summed score than when used individually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multicultural landscape of Aotearoa New Zealand presents a rich tapestry of diversity and community needs, underscoring an imperative for inclusive participatory planning processes. This paper presents findings from an investigation of the challenges and opportunities inherent in community engagement initiatives, particularly within the context of New Zealand's major ethnic groups, including New Zealand European, Māori, Chinese, and Pasifika. Drawing from the importance of community participation in reshaping public open spaces, this research addressed the gap in understanding which participatory planning processes are most effective across diverse cultural groups. To investigate the effectiveness of various approaches to community engagement, this research involved focus groups from the Wellington suburbs of Newtown and Porirua, utilising both on-site and online meetings. The findings identify the most effective participation processes for planning public open spaces in relation to each ethnicity. Correlations between participant preferences and their unique cultural backgrounds were assessed. In addition, the least effective participation methods along with several relatively effective participation methods are discussed. By highlighting engagement methods that can foster inclusivity, equity, and a sense of community, this research advances a collective goal of building a more cohesive and effective society for all its inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As global migration increases, nurse managers' effectiveness in multi-cultural nursing work environments is crucial due to the rising cultural diversity within healthcare teams. Despite the increasing international recruitment of qualified nurses to address the worldwide nursing shortage, no studies have synthesised the impact of nurse managers' attributes on nurses in multi-cultural nursing teams. Therefore, it was conducted a literature review aimed to synthesise the available literature on how nurse managers' personality traits, competencies, behaviours, and leadership styles influence nurse outcomes in multi-cultural nursing teams. Methods: Scoping review conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines to map the relationship or influence of nurse managers' personality traits, competencies, behaviours, and leadership styles on the outcomes of nurses in multi-cultural settings across various clinical environments. Searches were conducted across electronic databases such as CINAHL and MEDLINE, along with grey literature. Results: This review included 39 studies, highlighting 29 personality traits, 9 competencies, 115 behaviours, and 5 leadership styles that impact nurses' outcomes. Key findings emphasise the importance of nurse managers being supportive, culturally competent, and effective communicators, with transformational leadership style being particularly beneficial. Conclusions: These findings provide insights for planning and developing training programmes to equip current and future nurse managers with skills to effectively lead in multi-cultural care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: ESG (Environment, Social, Governance) has taken on increased importance in recent years for all stakeholders, with the S dimension now taking on a stronger focus in the real estate space. This paper proposes a new metric to be used in the S space to assess improvements in aspects such as gender equality and cultural diversity in real estate. It adds to the S metrics currently available to see the more effective delivery of the S dimension into real estate investment decision-making. Design/methodology/approach: A new S metric in ESG is proposed and validated. Using this metric, examples regarding gender equality and cultural diversity are assessed among leading real estate players in Australia. This S metric is assessed over a number of time periods to demonstrate the improvements in gender equality and cultural diversity in these major real estate players. Findings: This new S metric is seen to be highly effective and robust in capturing the changes in various aspects of the S dimension in ESG in the real estate space today; particularly concerning gender equality and cultural diversity. It is clearly able to demonstrate the significant changes in increased participation of women at the more senior leadership levels by leading players in the real estate space. Practical implications: With ESG becoming a critical issue in the real estate sector, issues involved in the S space will take on increased significance going forward. This is critical, as the elements of the S dimension such as gender equality and cultural diversity are important aspects for an effectively functioning real estate industry. The S metric developed in this paper can be used for benchmarking purposes over time, as well as between real estate players, between sub-sections within a real estate organisation, and comparing against other industry sectors. It is also relevant in all organisations, and is not just limited to the real estate sector. Additional metrics in the S space are an important development to further empirically assess the effective delivery of the S dimension of ESG in the real estate sector and more broadly. Originality/value: This paper specifically proposes this new S metric in ESG in the real estate industry. This is a key issue for the real estate industry going forward at all levels, as it will facilitate a more diverse real estate industry and more effective real estate investment decision-making. This S metric is applicable in all organisational sectors where the S dimension of ESG is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interdisciplinary Studies of Literature is the property of Interdisciplinary Studies of Literature Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Realizing cultural diversity's impact on regional entrepreneurial activity has become crucial for scholars and policymakers. As a step in this direction, this study integrates insights from creative cognitive psychology and the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship to examine this effect and the boundary conditions explaining it. Based on a six-year multisourced panel dataset for the 50 U.S. states, the analyses support the proposed arguments in that they indicate that cultural diversity is positively associated with entrepreneurial activity, and this relationship is moderated by regional immigration policy and regulatory framework. Specifically, the effect of cultural diversity on entrepreneurship is more substantial when a region's immigration policy climate is more inclusionary than exclusionary. In addition, this relationship is also more robust when a region's regulatory policy is more conscientious than more lax. These findings make novel contributions to our knowledge of how and when contextual conditions regulate (i.e. stimulate or hinder) the effect of cultural diversity on entrepreneurship. The manuscript draws vital implications for policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annali di Igiene, Medicina Preventiva e di Comunità is the property of Societa Editrice Universo s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: A large body of evidence indicates that spiritual and religious backgrounds, beliefs, and practices (SRBBPs) are related to better psychological health. Spirituality and religion (R/S) are also important aspects of multicultural diversity. There is evidence that clients would like to talk about their spirituality, and that including it in assessment and treatment planning can be beneficial. However, the extent to which practicing mental health professionals view SRBBPs as relevant to mental health and clinical practice is unclear. METHODS: A survey examining several aspects of addressing SRBBPs in clinical practice was distributed to 894 professionals across mental health disciplines, including psychiatry, psychology, social work, marriage family therapy, licensed professional counselors, certified chemical dependency counselors, and psychiatric mental health nurses. RESULTS: 89% of mental health professionals agreed that clinicians should receive training in R/S competencies. There were no differences between mental health disciplines in ratings of importance of such training. Younger individuals and those who identify as more spiritual were more likely to consider R/S training as important. Although 47.1% of professionals had not received much R/S training, many perceived themselves to be highly competent in R/S clinical integration practices (57.8% considered themselves able to display them very much or completely). In addition, respondents with more R/S training evaluated themselves as more proficient in R/S clinical integration. Nearly two-thirds (65.2%) of respondents reported encountering few to no barriers to engaging in R/S competent mental health care. CONCLUSIONS: There is a growing consensus among mental health care professionals that mental health professionals should be trained in R/S competencies. Strong agreement exists that basic R/S competencies include respect, empathy, examination of bias, and routine assessment of R/S in mental health care. Four in five of those surveyed agree that more active competencies, such as identifying and addressing religious and spiritual struggles and problems and helping clients explore and access R/S strengths and resources should be included, whereas one in five report less comfort with these competencies.

This study explores the multifaceted challenges universities may face as a result of alterations in immigration policies. Tightened regulations lead to decreases in international student enrollment. By drawing upon various theoretical frameworks, including transformational leadership, change management, and cultural dimensions, this study offers a comprehensive strategy to address the financial, social, and cultural implications of immigration policy shifts. The study examines the impact of policy changes on employees, highlighting potential challenges such as burnout and disengagement. Proactive measures, including flexible work arrangements and mental health support services, are recommended to mitigate these impacts. Financial implications are addressed through developing contingency plans and reassessing financial strategies to maintain operational stability. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of preserving campus cultural exchange opportunities and diversity initiatives through virtual programs, partnerships, and curriculum integration. Leadership models, particularly transformational leadership, provide a guiding framework for navigating organizational change. The study advocates for clear communication, employee empowerment, and alignment with the institution’s values to foster resilience. Additionally, Kotter’s 8-Step Model of Change Management offers a structured approach to addressing challenges, emphasizing the importance of urgency, vision, and cultural integration. Through proactive measures informed by theoretical insights, universities can navigate the challenges of immigration policy changes while upholding their commitment to diversity, inclusion, and academic excellence. This study contributes valuable insights for higher education institutions grappling with regulatory shifts, offering actionable recommendations for fostering resilience and adaptation in a rapidly changing landscape.

Abstract Background The number of culturally diverse adolescents in South Korea has reached 290,000 and is increasing every year; however, they still represent only 2.5% of the total adolescent population in middle and high schools, making them a minority. Adolescents experiencing cultural diversity are psychologically vulnerable because they grow up in bicultural environments and experience prejudice. Given the nature of generalized anxiety disorder, which can be exacerbated by stress, these adolescents may face an increased risk of developing the disorder not only because of developmental stress but also because of the stress of cultural adaptation. To identify the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among adolescents with cultural diversity, we analyzed related factors. Based on the results, strategies have been proposed to reduce anxiety in adolescents with cultural diversity and generalized anxiety disorders. Methods This study used data from the 16th − 18th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Factors associated with generalized anxiety disorders were identified based on the social determinants of the health framework. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS 25.0, and statistical methods were used for complex samples. Results Among adolescents with cultural diversity, 12.8% exhibited generalized anxiety disorders. Among the structural factors, economic status, mother’s education level, and gender were significantly associated with the disorder, whereas among the psychosocial factors, suicidal ideation, depressive mood, loneliness, perceived stress level, and subjective health status were significant factors influencing it. Conclusion The factors identified in our research can be used as a resource for the early identification of culturally diverse adolescents who are vulnerable to generalized anxiety disorders. To prevent generalized anxiety disorder among adolescents with cultural diversity, school or community nurses can implement interventions to reduce loneliness or stress management programs.

Communities across Southeast Asia face challenges posed by natural disasters, including floods, which disproportionately impact vulnerable populations. In light of the growing frequency and severity of extreme weather events attributed to climate change, there is a pressing need to explore and strengthen community flood resilience. Community resilience is pivotal in mitigating flood-related damages and fostering successful recovery efforts. This paper examines the socio-economic and environmental factors shaping community resilience in flood-prone areas of Southeast Asia. Socio-demographic determinants, exposure to floods, social cohesion, communication networks, socio-economic status, and cultural diversity significantly influence resilience capabilities, with disparities exacerbating socio-economic inequality. The interplay of these factors underscores the complexity of community disaster resilience, with some factors acting as moderators, mediators, or confounders in shaping outcomes. The paper highlights that understanding the dynamics of community resilience formation is imperative for informed policy interventions to enhance disaster preparedness and response in flood-prone areas of Southeast Asia. The contributors to flood resilience are interrelated with social determinants of health, underscoring the vital role of broader socio-economic and environmental factors in shaping community well-being. Future research should explore the relationships within these complex dynamics to guide effective resilience-building strategies tailored to local contexts.

The globalization of education and increasingly multicultural nature of the classroom, English teachers must develop intercultural awareness and competence. However, comparative studies that specifically focus on the experiences of foreign English teachers are limited. Thus, the research aims to investigate and compare the similarities and differences of the intercultural awareness and practices of Indonesian and Ghanaian English teachers in the context of English language teaching. As well as the strategies of teaching materials and techniques they employ to promote intercultural understanding among their students. This research used qualitative methods within the framework of a comparative study design and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The participants were 2 EFL teachers from Ghana and Indonesia. The researcher analyzed it to identify patterns by organizing, coding and summarizing the data into themes. The study's findings indicated the critical importance of integrating intercultural awareness in English teaching, emphasizing the recognition and value of cultural diversity. This motivates teachers to foster an inclusive, tolerant environment using culturally appropriate teaching materials and techniques, ensuring all students feel valued. The Ghanaian teacher in international schools promotes global cultural acceptance or called as intercultural awareness, blending diverse cultures into lessons, while the Indonesian teacher prioritizes local culture or basic cultural awareness in English teaching. However, this research has limitations on the application of integration, teaching materials and techniques in intercultural awareness in English language teaching. So that future research can explore these aspects more broadly and varied.

This paper focuses on examining the specifics of modern management in the context of global business, with an emphasis on the global landscape of the 21st century. It discusses the positive and negative trends of contemporary globalization processes and their impact on economic flows and the global market. Additionally, the paper considers the unique aspects of an intercultural approach to managerial processes in global business conditions, outlining the main characteristics of ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric approaches to adapting to new markets. It also examines the specificities of performing fundamental managerial functions—planning, organizing, leading, managing human resources, and controlling—in the constantly changing global market.

Traditional culture and values are the axiological foundation of states. Folk culture and folklore can be considered the cornerstone of national heritage. This article analyses the actions taken by UNESCO which contributed to the crystallisation of a multilateral international agreement that, for the first time in history, covered the conservation of intangible cultural heritage. The article’s main research hypothesis is the statement that cultural heritage is an axiological mirror of civilisation, as well as the basis for the existence and development of society. This is connected with a more detailed thesis that the intangible manifestations of culture are the source of living heritage of humanity and carriers of values. Since cultural heritage encompasses manifestations of various cultures’ activities and creativity, the comparative method was also used. The research findings show that supporting cultural diversity plays an important role in building interpersonal solidarity in the spirit of dialogue, mutual trust and cooperation. Respect for intangible cultural heritage is a guarantee of peace and security internally and from an international perspective.

The Road of Tang Poetry in Eastern Zhejiang is a cultural route where nature and culture harmoniously intertwine. Mountain-type scenic areas play a vital role in providing core cultural ecosystem services (CES). To investigate the significance and distribution of landscape resources along the Poetry Road, a preliminary study was conducted in the densely concentrated areas of Shaoxing, Taizhou, and Ningbo. From these regions, six representative mountain-type scenic areas were selected for the research: Kuaiji Mountain, Qinwang Mountain, Wanwei Mountain, Tianmu Mountain, Tiantai Mountain, and Xuedou Mountain. Based on their designation status, these areas were categorized into national and non-national scenic areas. The research employed a combination of online and offline questionnaires, as well as semi-structured interviews. An importance-performance analysis (IPA) was introduced, and SPSS software was utilized to conduct U-tests on the statistical results. This analysis aimed to compare the differences in importance and performance of CES among the various mountain-type scenic areas. Furthermore, an overall evaluation of CES for the mountain-type scenic area was carried out using an optimization demand zoning approach, involving categories such as “Keeping up the good job”, “Concentrate here”, “Possible overkill”, and “Low priority”. Additionally, a comparative analysis was conducted between the two types of mountain-type scenic areas, considering aspects like aesthetic value, leisure tourism, cultural diversity, and nature education. The findings indicate that the overall importance of the core CES provided by mountain-type scenic areas significantly exceeds the performance score, implying that public expectations for these sites surpass the actual experience. Notably, the distinction between the two types of mountain-type scenic areas, national and non-national, lies primarily in their performance. Among the evaluation subcomponents, respondents’ perceptions are notably influenced by natural resource advantages, architectural style, recreation offerings, site iconicity, and historical heritage and preservation. The abundance of cultural activities emerges as a crucial factor contributing to the substantial performance disparity between the two types of scenic areas, underscoring the significant impact of cultural heritage on the development imbalance in mountain-type region. Furthermore, cultural heritage plays a pivotal role in promoting the establishment and enhancing the competitiveness and identity of mountain-type scenic areas. Consequently, prioritizing the protection and utilization of non-national mountain-type scenic areas cultural heritage can effectively elevate the level of CES supply and meet the demand in mountain-type scenic areas. The IPA has promoted the CES performance of mountain-type scenic areas to be closer to its importance, thereby fostering a more balanced CES of the Road of Tang Poetry in Eastern Zhejiang.