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6. Large-scale determinants of street tree growth rates across an urban environment.

Author

Mailloux, Brian J., McGillis, Clare, Maenza-Gmelch, Terryanne, Culligan, Patricia J., He, Mike Z., Kaspi, Gabriella, Miley, Madeline, Komita-Moussa, Ella, Sanchez, Tiffany R., Steiger, Ella, Zhao, Haokai, and Cook, Elizabeth M.

Subjects
URBAN trees, TREE growth, ZIP codes, TREE planting, ECOSYSTEM services, CENSUS, STREET children
Abstract

Urban street trees offer cities critical environmental and social benefits. In New York City (NYC), a decadal census of every street tree is conducted to help understand and manage the urban forest. However, it has previously been impossible to analyze growth of an individual tree because of uncertainty in tree location. This study overcomes this limitation using a three-step alignment process for identifying individual trees with ZIP Codes, address, and species instead of map coordinates. We estimated individual growth rates for 126,362 street trees (59 species and 19% of 2015 trees) using the difference between diameter at breast height (DBH) from the 2005 and 2015 tree censuses. The tree identification method was verified by locating and measuring the DBH of select trees and measuring a set of trees annually for over 5 years. We examined determinants of tree growth rates and explored their spatial distribution. In our newly created NYC tree growth database, fourteen species have over 1000 unique trees. The three most abundant tree species vary in growth rates; London Planetree (n = 32,056, 0.163 in/yr) grew the slowest compared to Honeylocust (n = 15,967, 0.356 in/yr), and Callery Pear (n = 15,902, 0.334 in/yr). Overall, Silver Linden was the fastest growing species (n = 1,149, 0.510 in/yr). Ordinary least squares regression that incorporated biological factors including size and the local urban form indicated that species was the major factor controlling growth rates, and tree stewardship had only a small effect. Furthermore, tree measurements by volunteer community scientists were as accurate as those made by NYC staff. Examining city wide patterns of tree growth indicates that areas with a higher Social Vulnerability Index have higher than expected growth rates. Continued efforts in street tree planting should utilize known growth rates while incorporating community voices to better provide long-term ecosystem services across NYC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. Comparison of fecal indicators with pathogenic bacteria and rotavirus in groundwater

Author

Ferguson, Andrew S., Layton, Alice C., Mailloux, Brian J., Culligan, Patricia J., Williams, Daniel E., Smartt, Abby E., Sayler, Gary S., Feighery, John, McKay, Larry D., Knappett, Peter S.K., Alexandrova, Ekaterina, Arbit, Talia, Emch, Michael, Escamilla, Veronica, Ahmed, Kazi Matin, Alam, Md. Jahangir, Streatfield, P. Kim, Yunus, Mohammad, and van Geen, Alexander

Published
2012
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30. Understanding Multiple Dimensions of Perceived Greenspace Accessibility and Their Effect on Subjective Well-being During a Global Pandemic

Author

Maurer, Megan Lynn, Cook, Elizabeth M., Yoon, Liv, Visnic, Olivia, Orlove, Ben, Culligan, Patricia J., Mailloux, Brian J., Maurer, Megan Lynn, Cook, Elizabeth M., Yoon, Liv, Visnic, Olivia, Orlove, Ben, Culligan, Patricia J., and Mailloux, Brian J.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated how the accessibility of greenspace can shift in response to social-ecological disturbance, and generated questions as to how changing dimensions of accessibility affect the ecosystem services of greenspace, such as improved subjective well-being. Amidst the growing consensus of the important role of greenspace in improving and maintaining well-being through times of duress, we examine how access to greenspace is affecting subjective well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both the relationship of greenspace to subjective well-being and the barriers to greenspace access are well-established for normal conditions. Much remains to be known, however, about how barriers to access and the effect of greenspace on subjective well-being shift in response to periods of social duress, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from surveys and interviews conducted with 1,200 university students in the United States during the spring of 2020, we assess the effect of going outdoors on subjective well-being, commonly experienced barriers to going outside, and how these barriers in turn affected subjective well-being. We find that time spent outside, particularly in greenspace, correlates with higher levels of subjective well-being, and that concern over COVID-19 risk and transmission negatively affects this relationship both in reducing time spent outdoors and the subjective well-being benefits. We also find that type of greenspace (public vs. private) does not have a significant effect on subjective well-being, that while those in areas with lower population density have significantly higher subjective well-being when outdoors, all participants experience a statistically equal benefit to subjective well-being by going outside. Our findings suggest how understanding the ways dimensions of accessibility shift in response to times of social duress can aid public health messaging, the design and management of greenspace, and environmen

Published
2021

31. Residential electricity conservation in response to auto-generated, multi-featured, personalized eco-feedback designed for large scale applications with utilities

Author

Meinrenken, Christoph J., primary, Abrol, Sanjmeet, additional, Gite, Gaurav B., additional, Hidey, Christopher, additional, McKeown, Kathleen, additional, Mehmani, Ali, additional, Modi, Vijay, additional, Turcan, Elsbeth C., additional, Xie, Wanlin, additional, and Culligan, Patricia J., additional

Published
2021
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32. From a Census of 680,000 Street Trees to Smart Stormwater Management: A Study of Efficacy and Economics of Street Tree Guards in New York City

Author

Elliott, Robert M., Shetty, Nandan Hara, and Culligan, Patricia J.

Subjects
Urban runoff--Management, Urban hydrology, Stormwater infiltration, Hydrology, Trees in cities
Abstract

Green Infrastructure (GI) is a strategy of incorporating a distributed network of eco-technical systems that retain and detain stormwater to improve the hydrology of developed landscapes. GI is particularly needed in urban environments where roads, buildings, parking areas, and paved public spaces create a hardscape that results in rainfall rapidly running off and subsequently polluting natural waterways. However, the same dense, built-up environment that necessitates GI also creates a barrier to installing the amount of GI needed to meaningfully alter urban hydrologic behavior. Although a wide array of systems have been developed to fit in different urban niches, as exemplified by sedum green roofs, bioswales, rain gardens, rainwater harvesting, and permeable paving, many can be costly and difficult to integrate at scale. Thus, measuring and optimizing the performance of existing urban vegetation represents an important area of focus for stormwater management and offers potential for more economical use of resources allocated for GI. This paper focuses on examining the role of urban street trees in stormwater management.

Published
2018
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38. Green roof seasonal variation: comparison of the hydrologic behavior of a thick and a thin extensive system in New York City

Author

Elliott, Robert M., Gibson, R. A., Carson, Tyler B., Marasco, Daniel, Culligan, Patricia J., and McGillis, Wade R.

Subjects
Environmental sciences, Urban runoff--Management, Urban hydrology, Green roofs (Gardening), Civil engineering, FOS: Civil engineering
Abstract

Green roofs have been utilized for urban stormwater management due to their ability to capture rainwater locally. Studies of the most common type, extensive green roofs, have demonstrated that green roofs can retain significant amounts of stormwater, but have also shown variation in seasonal performance. The purpose of this study is to determine how time of year impacts the hydrologic performance of extensive green roofs considering the covariates of antecedent dry weather period (ADWP), potential evapotranspiration (ET0) and storm event size. To do this, nearly four years of monitoring data from two full-scale extensive green roofs (with differing substrate depths of 100 mm and 31 mm) are analyzed. The annual performance is then modeled using a common empirical relationship between rainfall and green roof runoff, with the addition of Julian day in one approach, ET0 in another, and both ADWP and ET0 in a third approach. Together the monitoring and modeling results confirm that stormwater retention is highest in warmer months, the green roofs retain more rainfall with longer ADWPs, and the seasonal variations in behavior are more pronounced for the roof with the thinner media than the roof with the deeper media. Overall, the ability of seasonal accounting to improve stormwater retention modeling is demonstrated; modification of the empirical model to include ADWP, and ET0 improves the model R 2 from 0.944 to 0.975 for the thinner roof, and from 0.866 to 0.870 for the deeper roof. Furthermore, estimating the runoff with the empirical approach was shown to be more accurate then using a water balance model, with model R 2 of 0.944 and 0.866 compared to 0.975 and 0.866 for the thinner and deeper roof, respectively. This finding is attributed to the difficulty of accurately parameterizing the water balance model.

Published
2016
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47. Unsealed tubewells lead to increased fecal contamination of drinking water

Author

Knappett, Peter S. K., primary, McKay, Larry D., primary, Layton, Alice, primary, Williams, Daniel E., primary, Alam, Md. J., primary, Mailloux, Brian J., primary, Ferguson, Andrew S., primary, Culligan, Patricia J., primary, Serre, Marc L., primary, Emch, Michael, primary, Ahmed, Kazi M., primary, Sayler, Gary S., primary, and van Geen, Alexander, primary

Published
2012
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48. Correction: Increase in Diarrheal Disease Associated with Arsenic Mitigation in Bangladesh

Author

Wu, Jianyong, primary, van Geen, Alexander, additional, Ahmed, Kazi Matin, additional, Akita, Yasuyuki, additional, Alam, Janahgir, additional, Culligan, Patricia J., additional, Escamilla, Veronica, additional, Feighery, John, additional, Ferguson, Andrew S., additional, Knappett, Peter, additional, Mailloux, Brian J., additional, McKay, Larry D., additional, Serre, Marc L., additional, Streatfield, P. Kim, additional, Yunus, Mohammad, additional, and Emch, Michael, additional

Published
2012
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49. Implications of Fecal Bacteria Input from Latrine-Polluted Ponds for Wells in Sandy Aquifers

Author

Knappett, Peter S. K., primary, McKay, Larry D., additional, Layton, Alice, additional, Williams, Daniel E., additional, Alam, Md. J., additional, Huq, Md. R., additional, Mey, Jacob, additional, Feighery, John E., additional, Culligan, Patricia J., additional, Mailloux, Brian J., additional, Zhuang, Jie, additional, Escamilla, Veronica, additional, Emch, Michael, additional, Perfect, Edmund, additional, Sayler, Gary S., additional, Ahmed, Kazi M., additional, and van Geen, Alexander, additional

Published
2012
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50. Increase in Diarrheal Disease Associated with Arsenic Mitigation in Bangladesh

Author

Wu, Jianyong, primary, van Geen, Alexander, additional, Ahmed, Kazi Matin, additional, Alam, Yasuyuki Akita Jahangir, additional, Culligan, Patricia J., additional, Escamilla, Veronica, additional, Feighery, John, additional, Ferguson, Andrew S., additional, Knappett, Peter, additional, Mailloux, Brian J., additional, McKay, Larry D., additional, Serre, Marc L., additional, Streatfield, P. Kim, additional, Yunus, Mohammad, additional, and Emch, Michael, additional

Published
2011
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