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Septins, cytoskeletal proteins with well‐characterised roles in cytokinesis, form cage‐like structures around cytosolic Shigella flexneri and promote their targeting to autophagosomes. However, the processes underlying septin cage assembly, and whether they influence S. flexneri proliferation, remain to be established. Using single‐cell analysis, we show that the septin cages inhibit S. flexneri proliferation. To study mechanisms of septin cage assembly, we used proteomics and found mitochondrial proteins associate with septins in S. flexneri‐infected cells. Strikingly, mitochondria associated with S. flexneri promote septin assembly into cages that entrap bacteria for autophagy. We demonstrate that the cytosolic GTPase dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) interacts with septins to enhance mitochondrial fission. To avoid autophagy, actin‐polymerising Shigella fragment mitochondria to escape from septin caging. Our results demonstrate a role for mitochondria in anti‐Shigella autophagy and uncover a fundamental link between septin assembly and mitochondria.

Nowadays manufacturing involves high volume of complex operational processes, distributed resources and international/intersectional collaborations, which cause the evaluation of performance for related engineering projects to become a challenge. The performance of project is a key factor that determines the quality of output, and its temporal changes could reflect the status of project execution at current time, as well as indicate the potential issues for the near future. As a result, monitoring the change of performance is an essential approach to ensure the project execution is on track. It could raise awareness of project participants upon any issue occurs, and enable them to make appropriate decisions on a real-time basis.To facilitate the evaluation of project performance in collaborative environments, this research aims to propose an automatic approach to extracting key performance indicators (KPIs) from project related data, and also to demonstrate how the domain knowledge can facilitate the process of KPIs identification and visualisation.

This document records the development process of principles for managing engineering information and introduces the resulting set of eleven related principles. Each principle is supported by a clarifying explanation, one or more guidance suggestions and one or more categorisation tags.

In this paper we concentrate on the conceptual construction of an architecture of the artefact to be designed (ATBD). The architecture forms the skeleton for all subsequent design stages; design support systems therefore require a representation of this architecture [4]. The fact that design problems are under-defined and open-ended complicates architectural design [5]. Even at the end of the architecture phase many alternatives are left open. It is often necessary to consider several of these alternatives and then to compare their suitability

The work reported here builds on the framework for EDI development presented previously by discussing the requirements for information object traceability in respect of the context-bearing information that must be associated with the design information, the nature of the information object development process and the process, requirements and activities for the traceability process itself. In order to provide a continuously updatable and accessible record of the development of an engineering design information object, authors propose the use of the ‘ traceability scenario’ . The key characteristic of the traceability scenario is that the traceability operation is performed at certain point in a time, in order to create a traceable item from some of the elements of the underlying engineering design process. It is concluded that the greater the extent that semantics are defined for traceable activities and objects, the greater the ‘ intelligence’ that can be brought to bear in tracing information development.