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Background: Over the past two decades, many countries have reported an increased percentage of female staff in the general practice workforce. Considering the importance of general practice workforce planning, it is necessary to investigate the current working patterns of female GPs. Aim: To describe the female GP workforce in Ireland and to investigate factors that may affect their long-term commitment to general practice. Design & setting: Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted with female GPs in Ireland. Method: A 'membership survey' was emailed to 1985 female GPs in November 2021. In total, 345 female GPs responded, providing a response rate of 17.4%. Results: The study revealed that a majority of the female GP workforce in Ireland worked in the position of the GP principal (62.3%), but also provided out-of- hours services (64.3%), and undertook caring responsibilities (84.1%). In total, 41.2% of the responders disclosed having at least one paid additional role, mainly in the field of academia and teaching. Most female GPs worked fewer than eight clinical sessions a week (80.5%). GPs who held General Medical Services (GMS) contracts (72.8%) were significantly more likely to work more clinical sessions a week and had been longer employed in general practices (>5 years) than GPs who did not have GMS contracts. Conclusion: Irish female GPs demonstrated a significant adjustment of their working patterns, including reducing their number of clinical sessions and balancing between additional roles, to ensure their long-term commitment to general practice. Current practices and vision on GP roles must be recognised and supported to allow for adequate workforce planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women and girls had a specific and gendered experience of the civil war in Sierra Leone. They filled the role of combatants, 'bush wives', child soldiers, and sexual slaves. As a result of these roles, women are often described as having dual identities of both perpetrators and victims of violence. This duality resulted in the complex question of how to help these women both reintegrate into society and also address the crimes which they are alleged to have committed during the war. In this paper, I argue that these women and girls should be treated as victims due to the fact that their crimes were committed under coercion. I investigate the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process, performing a critique of its gendered assumptions and its inability to provide adequate assistance to females coerced into combat. I perform a critical analysis of the formation and efficacy of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). I investigate the Special Court's treatment of the women and girls who were victims coerced into war and potentially held responsible as if they were perpetrators. In doing so, critical deconstruction of the treatment of these women highlights both the hybrid court's successes and failures in advocating for these women. Throughout the paper, I explore the question of how the post-conflict reconstruction process should treat women and girls, who are victims but who have discursively been positioned also as perpetrators. Keywords: Female Combatants, Women Combatants, Special Court for Sierra Leone, Bush Wives, Post-Conflict Resolution, DDR, Child Soldiers, Post-Conflict Resolutions, International Criminal Justice, Hybrid Courts, Gendered Assumptions in the Post-Conflict Process., Introduction Women and girls had a specific and gendered experience of the civil war in Sierra Leone. They filled the role of combatants, 'bush wives', child soldiers, and sexual slaves. [...]

Visitation in critical care units is based on practices initiated with the first intensive care units in the 1960s. Visitation was restricted because little was understood about the impact on [...]