Search

Abstract Background This research aims to examine the frequency, age-related distribution, and intensity of preoperative hyponatremia among elderly individuals with hip fractures. This study aims to provide valuable insights into the diagnosis of preoperative hyponatremia in this patient population. Methods This research involved the analysis of clinical data obtained from 419 elderly individuals with hip fractures (referred to as the fracture group) and 166 elderly individuals undergoing routine health examinations (designated as the control group). A comprehensive comparison was conducted, examining baseline characteristics such as age, gender, and comorbidities between these two groups. We further investigated variations in the incidence rate of hyponatremia, age distribution, and the severity of hyponatremia. Additionally, a subgroup analysis compared patients with femoral neck fractures to those with intertrochanteric femur fractures, specifically examining the incidence rate and severity of hyponatremia in these distinct fracture types. Results The incidence of cerebrovascular disease was found to be higher in the fracture group as compared to the control group in our research. Nevertheless, no significant differences in general health and other comorbidities were observed between the two groups. Notably, the fracture group exhibited a greater preoperative prevalence of hyponatremia, with its severity increasing with age. Furthermore, among elderly patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures, the incidence of preoperative hyponatremia was not only higher but also more severe when compared to those with femoral neck fractures. Conclusion Elderly individuals experiencing hip fractures exhibit a notable prevalence of preoperative hyponatremia, predominantly mild to moderate, with an escalating occurrence linked to advancing age. This phenomenon is especially conspicuous among patients with intertrochanteric fractures, warranting dedicated clinical scrutiny. The administration of sodium supplementation is advisable for the geriatric demographic as deemed necessary. Addressing hyponatremia becomes crucial, as it may play a role in the etiology of hip fractures in the elderly, and rectifying this electrolyte imbalance could potentially serve as a preventive measure against such fractures.

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to explore the spatiotemporal responses of cultivated land conversion to different driving factors and their interactions in southern Shaanxi Province, to gain a more scientific and objective understanding of cultivated land non-grain conversion, which provides references for the formulation of food security policy and the guidance of appropriate non-grain conversion of cultivated land. [Methods] Based on the county-scale data of non-grain conversion of cultivated land of southern Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2020, this study analyzed 30139 valid samples through a spatiotemporal variability model and the geographical detector model to explore the spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of non-grain conversion. [Results] The results are as follows: (1) Temporally, the rate of non-grain conversion of cultivated land in southern Shaanxi showed a general upward trend, with obvious differences among cities. The spatial pattern of cultivated land conversion changed from high-low to low-high from west to east in southern Shaanxi, with Chenggu County in Hanzhong City in the west and Shangnan County and Luonan County in Shangluo City in the east as the centers, and areas with the medium-high and high conversion rates were concentrated at the periphery of the Hanzhong, Ankang, and Shangdan Basins. Generally, the spatiotemporal variation rate of non-grain conversion was high in the peripheral areas of Ankang and Shangdan Basins and low in others. (2) The temporal process of driving factors was highly dynamic, and its internal spatiotemporal interaction has neutralization effects on driving forces. The overall explanatory power of socioeconomic factors was stronger, and annual precipitation and GDP were the natural and socioeconomic factors with the highest explanatory power for the spatiotemporal variability of regional non-grain conversion of cultivated land. (3) The interactions of factors showed bivariate enhancement and non-linear enhancement effects, and there was no independent situation after the interaction. Moreover, the spatiotemporal dynamics of non-grain conversion were significantly influenced by the interaction of socioeconomic factors, and natural factors increased the driving effect of human factors. [Conclusion] We recommend that measures should be taken to address the issue of cultivated land non-grain conversion, by strengthening the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities, scientifically defining the bottom line of farmland non-grain conversion, balancing urban and rural resource investment, and creating strict land-use control institutions.

Tumors are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Cell-derived biomimetic functional materials have shown great promise in the treatment of tumors. These materials are derived from cell membranes, extracellular vesicles and bacterial outer membrane vesicles and may evade immune recognition, improve drug targeting and activate antitumor immunity. However, their use is limited owing to their low drug-loading capacity and complex preparation methods. Liposomes are artificial bionic membranes that have high drug-loading capacity and can be prepared and modified easily. Although they can overcome the disadvantages of cell-derived biomimetic functional materials, they lack natural active targeting ability. Lipids can be hybridized with cell membranes, extracellular vesicles or bacterial outer membrane vesicles to form lipid-hybrid cell-derived biomimetic functional materials. These materials negate the disadvantages of both liposomes and cell-derived components and represent a promising delivery platform in the treatment of tumors. This review focuses on the design strategies, applications and mechanisms of action of lipid-hybrid cell-derived biomimetic functional materials and summarizes the prospects of their further development and the challenges associated with it.