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Objective To evaluate the effects of different delivery modes on diastasis recti abdominis （DRA） in 6-8 weeks postpartum period. Methods Clinical data of 1354 singleton deliveries who had regular prenatal examination and delivery were collected. According to delivery times and delivery modes, 775 primiparous women [including 546 vaginal delivery （A1 group） and 229 caesarean section （B1 group）] and 579 multipara women [including 357 second vaginal delivery （A2 group） and 222 second caesarean section （B2 group）] were followed-up. The inter-rectus distance was examined by high-frequency ultrasound at three locations on the linea alba （3 cm above the umbilicus, umbilicus, 3 cm below the umbilicus） in 6-8 weeks postpartum. The effects of two delivery modes on DRA in postpartum period were evaluated. Results DRA mainly occurred at umbilicus, followed by at the 3 cm above the umbilicus and 3 cm below the umbilicus. The incidence of DRA in the caesarean section groups was higher than that of the vaginal delivery groups among primiparous or multipara women （92.1% vs. 77.6% and 95.5% vs. 90.8%, both P < 0.05）. The inter-rectus distance at three locations in the caesarean section groups was longer than that in the vaginal delivery groups among primiparous or multipara women （B1 group vs. A1 group and B2 group vs. A2 group, all P < 0.001）. The inter-rectum distance at three locations in B2 group was longer than that in B1 group （all P < 0.001）. Conclusion Caesarean section elevates the incidence of DRA and increases the inter-rectus distance in early postpartum period.

The classification of fetuses as Small for Gestational Age (SGA) and Large for Gestational Age (LGA) is a critical aspect of neonatal health assessment. SGA and LGA, terms used to describe fetal weights that fall below or above the expected weights for Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) fetuses, indicate intrauterine growth restriction and excessive fetal growth, respectively. Early prediction and assessment of latent risk factors associated with these classifications can facilitate timely medical interventions, thereby optimizing the health outcomes for both the infant and the mother. This study aims to leverage first-trimester data to achieve these objectives. This study analyzed data from 7943 pregnant women, including 424 SGA, 928 LGA, and 6591 AGA cases, collected from 2015 to 2021 at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China. We propose a novel algorithm, named the Weighted Inheritance Voting Ensemble Learning Algorithm (WIVELA), to predict the classification of fetuses into SGA, LGA, and AGA categories based on biochemical parameters, maternal factors, and morbidity during pregnancy. Additionally, we proposed algorithms for relevance determination based on the classifier to ascertain the importance of features associated with SGA and LGA. The proposed classification solution demonstrated a notable average accuracy rate of 92.12 % on 10-fold cross-validation over 100 loops, outperforming five state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, we identified significant latent maternal risk factors directly associated with SGA and LGA conditions, such as weight change during the first trimester, prepregnancy weight, height, age, and obstetric factors like fetal growth restriction and birthing LGA baby. This study also underscored the importance of biomarker features at the end of the first trimester, including HDL, TG, OGTT-1h, OGTT-0h, OGTT-2h, TC, FPG, and LDL, which reflect the status of SGA or LGA fetuses. This study presents innovative solutions for classifying and identifying relevant attributes, offering valuable tools for medical teams in the clinical monitoring of fetuses predisposed to SGA and LGA conditions during the initial stage of pregnancy. These proposed solutions facilitate early intervention in nutritional care and prenatal healthcare, thereby contributing to enhanced strategies for managing the health and well-being of both the fetus and the expectant mother. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) are reactive species and the primary precursors of free radicals; thus, OVOCs play important roles in tropospheric chemistry. @Tibet field campaigns 2021 discovered surprisingly high levels and activity contributions of OVOCs at Lulang, a site with high vegetation cover and strong solar ultraviolet radiation on the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The 13 OVOCs detected accounted for 49 % of the total VOCs (TVOCs; average level of 11.7 ± 4.4 ppb), and the levels of these OVOCs exhibited typical diurnal variation, with high values in the daytime and a peak at approximately 12:00. OVOCs contributed 65 % and 63 % to VOC- k OH and the ozone formation potential, respectively, and thus had a strong influence on atmospheric chemical processes. Two independent methods were used to determine the contributions of various sources and revealed consistent conclusions regarding the importance of biological sources there. The source apportionment results obtained through positive matrix factorization indicated that sunlight-impacted and direct plant emission sources both related to plant sources contributed 47 % of the TVOCs and 65 % of the OVOCs. OVOC source fitting through the photochemical age parameterization method also indicated that biogenic sources made the largest contribution (67 %) to OVOCs and revealed a clear peak at noon. In addition, biomass burning sources were found to be closely related to the VOC background because biomass burning is highly prevalent across the whole TP; these sources made the second greatest contribution (33 %) to the TVOCs and contributed more than 23 % of OVOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact, orthogonally polarized, gain-switched a-cut Ho:LuLiF4 laser with intra-cavity pumping by a self-Q-switched Tm:YAP laser is demonstrated here for the first time. The π-polarization laser at 2052 nm and σ-polarization laser at 2066 nm were experimentally observed with the maximum output power values of 299 mW and 126 mW, respectively, and the two polarization directions were always kept mutually orthogonal as the pump power increased. The ratio of the output power between the two orthogonal polarization lasers was nearly 1:1 at a pump power of 18.4 W. The minimum pulse width of the Ho:LLF laser was 326 ns, the maximum repetition rate was 24 kHz, and the maximum average energy was 28 μJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]