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Key for the studied taxa (L. amethystea and related species) 1. Plant completely glabrous; seed disc papillose, not tuberculate......................................................................... L. pseudamethystea - Plant pilose-glandulose, at least on inflorescence; seed disc tuberculate and papillose....................................................................2 2. Seed wing not thickened; calyx lobes subequal.................................................................................................................................3 - Seed wing thickened; calyx lobes unequal, the adaxial longer (L. amethystea aggr.).......................................................................4 3. Pedicels 0.4–3 mm long during flowering, 1.3–4 mm long during fruiting; seed wing 0.12–0.25 mm wide................ L. semialata - Pedicels 1.5–9 mm long during flowering, 1.5–10 mm long during fruiting; seed wing 0.25–0.5 mm wide..................... L. diffusa 4. Corolla yellow....................................................................................................................................................................................5 - Corolla blue to violet..........................................................................................................................................................................6 5. Inflorescence dense; corolla with violet spots; seeds 1.2–2 × 1–1.8 mm................................... L. amethystea subsp. multipunctata - Inflorescence loose; corolla without violet spots; seeds 0.9–1.3 × 0.9–1.1 mm............................... L. amethystea subsp. ignescens 6. Stems and leaves mostly glabrous; corolla usually blue to violet.................................................. L. amethystea subsp. amethystea - Stems and leaves pilose-glandulose; corolla (spur excluded) usually white......................................................................................7 7. Inflorescence up to 1 cm long, dense even during fruiting............................................................... L. amethystea subsp. toloxense - Inflorescence up to 7.5 cm long, loose to dense during fruiting........................................................................................................8 8. Inflorescence dense during flowering and fruiting; corolla rarely with violet spots in the lower lip; seed tubercles up to 40 µm long........................................................................................................................................................... L. amethystea subsp. aedoi - Inflorescence often loose in fruiting; corolla with violet spots in the lower lip; seed tubercles up to 60 µm length....................................................................................................................................................................................... L. amethystea subsp. albiflora, Published as part of Blanca, Gabriel, Carmona, Rafael, Cueto, Miguel & Fuentes, Julián, 2023, Linaria pseudamethystea (Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae), a new species mimetic of and apparently sympatric with L. amethystea, pp. 1-18 in Phytotaxa 585 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7672858

Linaria pseudamethystea Blanca, R. Carmona, Cueto & J. Fuentes, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Type:— SPAIN. Sevilla province: Aznalcóllar, entre Aznalcóllar y contraembalse del Agrio, pastizales terofíticos en zonas abiertas sobre sustratos silíceos, UTM 20 S 740658 /4156765 (Datum ETRS89), 100 m elevation, 8 April 2022, G. Blanca, M. Cueto, J.A. Figueras, J. Fuentes & J.J. Ranchal (holo-: GDA-Fanero 69422!). Diagnosis:—This species differs from L. amethystea Hoffmanns. & Link, L. semialata D. López et al. and L. diffusa Hoffmanns. & Link in being completely glabrous, having unequal and glabrous calyx-lobes, abaxial lip of the corolla with reticulate ornamentation often including two thick spots, and having a densely papillose but not tuberculate disc surface of the seed (vs. pilose-glandulose at least on the inflorescence, subequal and pilose-glandulose calyxlobes, spotted abaxial lip of the corolla, and tuberculate and papillose disc surface of the seed). It also differs from L. amethystea in having a glabrous inflorescence axis, curved spur, glabrous capsule, and a not-thickened seed wing (vs. pilose-glandulose inflorescence axis, straight or slightly curved spur, pilose-glandulose at apex capsule, and thickened seed wing). It also differs from L. semialata in having a blue-violet corolla, glabrous capsule, and seed wing 0.3–0.5 mm wide (vs. white, pale-yellow or violet-pinkish corolla, pilose-glandulose capsule, and seed wing 0.12–0.25 mm wide). Finally, the new species is distinct from L. diffusa in having the inflorescence in flower up to 10 cm long and glabrous, pedicel in flower 0.6–3.2 mm long, and corolla 13–19 mm long (vs. inflorescence in flower up to 26 cm long and pilose-glandulose, pedicel in flower 1.5–9 mm long, and corolla 9–16 mm long). Description:—Herbaceous annual plant, glabrous, glaucous. Stems decumbent to erect, thin, often simple or forked, sometimes more branched; fertile stems 2-numerous, 7–26 cm long; 1–5 sterile stems shorter, 1–7 cm long. Leaves in whorls of 3(–4), the upper alternate, linear to linear-oblong; leaves of fertile stems 5–24 × 0.5–2.8 mm; leaves of sterile stems 5–15 × 0.5–1.2 mm. Inflorescence up to 10 cm long, simple, racemiform, with 2–10(–15) flowers, laxly arranged, glabrous. Bracts 1.3–2.5 × 0.1–0.2 mm, linear. Pedicels 0.6–3.2 mm long in flower, suberect, 1.3–7 mm long in fruit, ascending. Calyx lobes unequal, oblong to narrowly lanceolate, fused at the base, acute, glabrous; adaxial lobe 3.2–3.8 × 0.4–0.8 mm in flower, and 4–4.2 × 0.7–1 mm in fruit; abaxial lobes 2–2.7 × 0.6–0.8 mm in flower and 2.5–3.3 × 0.8–1.1 mm in fruit. Corolla personate, spurred, 13–19 mm long, blue-violet, with conspicuous dark veins and yellow to orangish palate; tube 1.4–2.5 mm broad in dorsiventral section, erect; adaxial lip up to 8.5 mm long, bilobate, with a sinus of 2.5–4 mm; abaxial lip 3-lobate, with two prominent humps and ornamentation reticulate and often with two thick spots; spur (7–)8–9.5 × 1–1.6 mm (the width measured at the base), equalling the length of the rest of the corolla, curved, usually dark blue-violet. Capsule 3–4.2 × 3–4.2 mm, globose, apex bilobate, glabrous; style 2.7–3.5 mm, weakly bilobed at apex. Seeds 1–1.4 × 1.2–1.7 mm, suborbicular-reniform, discoid, slightly concaveconvex to flat (Fig. 3, D); disk reniform, black, densely papillose, not tuberculate (Fig. 3, E); wing 0.3–0.5 mm wide, subentire, not thickened, black or dark grey, with papillose inner margin (Figure 3, F). Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to the surprising mimicry with Linaria amethystea, which has caused misidentification of its populations. Distribution and ecology:— Linaria pseudamethystea should be considered an endemic species from the southwestern Iberian Peninsula (Figure 4), from the east of the province of Seville (Spain) to the Algarve and Alentejo (Portugal), growing in ephemeral therophyte pastures of siliceous mountains. Here it grows on poorly developed and stony or sandy soils, in schists, slates and granites, between 50–300 m elevation, under a Mediterranean pluviseasonal oceanic bioclimate with a thermomediterranean to mesomediterranean thermotypes and dry ombrotype (Rivas Martínez et al. 2002). Phenology:—The flowering period spans March to May, although depending on the annual climatic conditions it can start in mid-February or extend until the beginning of June. The fruiting time spans April to June. Conservation status:—The distribution area of Linaria pseudamethystea extends over a relatively large area of the SW Iberian Peninsula. Its populations include many individuals, although, as an annual plant, its numbers may significantly fluctuate over the years, depending on weather conditions. There are also no significant threats to the populations, since sometimes they are part of grasslands typical of extensive areas of natural vegetation that are even part of protected areas. According to the IUCN categories (2012) and recommendations provided by IUCN (2017), we suggest labelling L. pseudamethystea as Least Concern (LC).

Linaria subbaetica, a new species from the south of the Iberian Peninsula, is here described, illustrated, and compared with its morphologically closest relatives from L. sect. Supinae: L. badalii, L. caesia, and L. supina. The species is characterised by being annual, and having usually revolute leaves, a short and corymbiform inflorescence at anthesis with a pilose-glandulose axis, a white to pale-yellow corolla (yellow to orangish palate), bearing a spur equalling to slightly longer that the rest of the corolla, and black seeds with a tuberculate and papillose disc surface and a thickened wing. L. subbaetica is an endemic species, growing on calcareous mountains, in the Sierras Subbéticas Natural Park, Córdoba province (Andalusia, Spain).

Se aportan 36 citas de plantas vasculares pertenecientes a 28 taxones herborizados en Andalucía (Sur de España), especialmente en su parte más oriental, que suponen novedades corológicas destacables. 36 citations of vascular plants belonging to 28 collected taxa are provided in Andalusia (southern Spain), especially in its eastern part, which represent remarkable chorological novelties.

Linaria subbaetica Blanca, Cueto & J. Fuentes, sp. nov. (Fig. 1���3) Type:��� SPAIN. C��rdoba province: Zuheros, Parque Natural de las Sierras Subb��ticas, hacia la fuente de la Zarza, pastizales terof��ticos en sustrato calizo, 30SUG8554, 1000 m elevation, 13 April 2017, J. Fuentes & G. Blanca (holo-: GDA-Fanero 62650!). Diagnosis:���This species differs from L. badalii Loscos, L. caesia (Pers.) F. Dietr. and L. supina (L.) Chaz. in having racemes 2���3 cm long, invariably corymbiform at anthesis, with 2���7 flowers [vs. up to 25(���30) cm long, generally racemiform at anthesis, with up to 25���30(���50) flowers]. It also differs from L. badalii by usually having revolute leaves, a pilose-glandulose inflorescence axis, a spur 8���12 mm long, and tuberculate and papillose disc surface of the seed (vs. flat leaves, inflorescence axis glabrous, spur 5-9 mm long, and papillose disc surface of the seed). It also differs from L. caesia by being annual, with the corolla 15���23 mm long white to pale yellow, and a seed with tuberculate and papillose disc surface and a thickened wing (vs. perennial to rarely annual, corolla 20���30 mm long yellow to whitish-yellow, and seed with smooth disc surface and without a thickened wing). Finally, the new species is distinct from L. supina by being annual, with the capsule usually glabrous, and seed with a thickened wing (vs. perennial to rarely annual, capsule glabrous to pilose-glandulose in the upper half and seed without a thickened wing). Description:���Herbaceous annual plant, glaucous, with spread glandular hairs 0.2-0.5 mm long along the inflorescence axis and calyx; fertile stems 1���10, of 5���21 cm long, decumbent to erect, simple; 2���15 sterile stems, 1���10 cm long, decumbent to erect. Leaves of fertile stems (4���)6���19 �� 0.7���2 mm, linear-oblong to narrowly oblanceolate, usually revolute, in whorls of 4, the upper alternate; leaves of sterile stems 2���7 �� 0.2���1 mm, similar to the leaves of fertile stems, in whorls of 4. Inflorescence up to 2���3 cm long at anthesis, simple, dense, corymbiform, with 2���7 flowers, only somewhat lax in fruit; axis pilose-glandulose. Bracts 2.5���4 �� 0.2���1 mm, linear-oblong to narrowly oblanceolate, glabrous to pilose-glandulose. Pedicels 0.7���1.5 mm long in flower, 1���2.5 mm long in fruit, erect. Calyx lobes unequal, oblong, acute to subobtuse, pilose-glandulose; adaxial lobe 4���6.5 �� 0.3���0.7 mm in flower and 4���6.5 �� 0.4���0.8 mm in fruit; abaxial lobes 2.5���3.5 �� 0.6���1 mm in flower and 3.9���4.2 �� 1.2���1.7 mm in fruit. Corolla 15���23 mm long, white to pale yellow, with yellow to orangish palate and conspicuous dark veins; tube 3.5���4.2 mm broad in dorsiventral section, erect; adaxial lip sinus 1.5���3 mm; spur 8���12 �� 2���2.5 mm (the width measured in the base), straight or slightly curved, equal to or slightly longer than the rest of the corolla, more or less tinged with purple towards the base. Capsule 3.8���4.5 �� 4���5 mm, globose, glabrous or rarely with very short scattered hairs at the apex. Seeds 1.2���1.6 �� (1.4���)1.5���1.8(���1.9) mm, suborbicular-reniform, discoid, slightly concave-convex to flat; disc reniform, black, prominently tuberculate, the large tubercles alternating with papillae, especially near the wing (Fig. 3, E���F); wing 0.3���0.5 mm wide, subentire, thickened, black or dark grey, with papillose inner margin (Fig. 3, E���F). Etymology:���The specific epithet refers to the Subbaetic area, a region located in the south-eastern part of C��rdoba province, in the geographic centre of Andalusia (southern Spain). Within this region, it lies the Sierras Subb��ticas Natural Park, an area protected by the government of Andalusia. Distribution and ecology:��� Linaria subbaetica should be considered an endemic species from the southern Iberian Peninsula (Fig. 4), growing in ephemeral therophyte pastures of calcareous mountains, in the southern part of C��rdoba province (Andalusia, Spain). Here it grows on poorly developed and stony soils, between 500���1300 m elevation, under a xeric oceanic Mediterranean Ombroclime with a Mesomediterranean Thermotype and dry Ombrotype (Mota Poveda et al. 2011). Phenology:���The flowering period spans March to April, and fruiting time mid-April to early May. Conservation status:���The distribution area of Linaria subbaetica is encompassed entirely within the Sierras Subb��ticas Natural Park, which was established in 1988, so it has the protection that the Andalusian government established for natural parks. According to the IUCN categories (2012) and recommendations provided by IUCN (2017), we suggest labelling Linaria subbaetica as Endangered (EN), according to the following criteria: B1ac(i,ii,iv)+B2ac(i,ii,iv). Further monitoring of the known populations is recommended for a more accurate evaluation of the conservation status of this newly described species. Linaria subbaetica may require conservation measures and a management plan, and therefore it should be included in the Andalusian and Spanish Red Lists of vascular plants (i.e. Cabezudo et al. 2005, Ba��ares et al. 2008)., Published as part of Blanca, Gabriel, Cueto, Miguel & Fuentes, Juli��n, 2022, Linaria subbaetica (Plantaginaceae), a new species from the south of the Iberian Peninsula, pp. 163-176 in Phytotaxa 530 (2) on pages 164-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5832685, {"references":["Mota Poveda, J. F., Sanchez Gomez, P. & Guirado Romero, J. S. (2011) Diversidad vegetal de las yeseras ibericas. El reto de los archipielagos edaficos para la biologia de la conservacion. ADIF-Mediterraneo Asesores Consultores, Almeria, 634 pp.","IUCN (2017) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 13. Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 113 pp.","Cabezudo, B., Talavera, S., Blanca, G., Salazar, C., Cueto, M., Valdes, B., Hernandez Bermejo, J. E., Herrera, C. M., Rodriguez Hiraldo, C. & Navas, D. (2005) Lista Roja de la Flora Vascular de Andalucia. Consejeria de Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucia, Sevilla, 126 pp.","Banares, A., Blanca, G., Guemes, J., Moreno, J. C. & Ortiz, S. (2008, Eds.) Lista Roja 2008 de la flora vascular espanola. Direccion General de Medio Natural y Politica Forestal (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino), y Sociedad Espanola de Biologia de la Conservacion de Plantas, Madrid, 86 pp."]}

Se presentan 21 citas pertenecientes a 14 taxones herborizados en Andalucía, aportando nuevos datos corológicos y de especial interés 21 citations belonging to 14 herborized taxa are recorded from Andalusia, providing new chorological data of special interest.

Se presentan 40 citas de 28 taxones herborizados en Andalucía, más concretamente en su parte más oriental, aportando nuevos datos corológicos destacables y de especial interés. 40 citations of 28 collected taxa in Andalusia are presented, more specially in its easternmost part. New remarkable chorological data of special interest are provided.

Blanca, Gabriel, Cueto, Miguel, Fuentes, Julián, Ortega-Olivencia, Ana (2021): Claiming a Boissierian species of Asperula (Rubiaceae), but under a new name: Galium pierredmondii. Phytotaxa 487 (3): 251-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.5

Se presentan 40 citas de 28 taxones herborizados en Andalucía, más concretamente en su parte más oriental, aportando nuevos datos corológicos destacables y de especial interés. Abstract: 40 citations of 28 collected taxa in Andalusia are presented, more specially in its easternmost part. New remarkable chorological data of special interest are provided.

Se presentan 34 citas de 20 taxones, que suponen novedades o aportaciones corológicas destacables para la flora vascular de Andalucía, con especial hincapié en su parte más oriental. Abstract: Chorological highlight news for vascular flora of Andalusia, (South Spain) II We present 34 citations of 20 taxa, which represent novelties or outstanding chorological contributions for the vascular flora of Andalusia, with special emphasis on its easternmost part.

Se aportan 18 citas, para 13 taxones de origen alóctono asilvestradas en Andalucía, donde representan novedad, además de dar “alerta temprana” sobre posibles invasiones biológicas. Se aportan 18 citas, para 13 taxones de origen alóctono asilvestradas en Andalucía, donde representan novedad, además de dar “alerta temprana” sobre posibles invasiones biológicas.

Se presentan 31 citas de 21 taxones herborizados en Andalucía, aportando nuevos datos corológicos de especial interés. Abstract Chorological news highlights for vascular flora of Andalusia (South Spain) 31 records of 21 taxa, herborized in Andalusia, are shown. New chorological data of special interest are included.

Se aportan 18 citas, para 13 taxones de origen alóctono asilvestradas en Andalucía, donde representan novedad, además de dar “alerta temprana” sobre posibles invasiones biológicas. Se aportan 18 citas, para 13 taxones de origen alóctono asilvestradas en Andalucía, donde representan novedad, además de dar “alerta temprana” sobre posibles invasiones biológicas.

Diversity and ecological characteristics of the vascular flora in the western mediterranean (Eastern Andalusia, Spain). This work highlights the importance of the vascular flora of eastern Andalusia within the hotspot of the Mediterranean Basin, analysing 3726 taxa, which represent 42.0% of the Iberian Peninsula and 29.9% of European floras. Notably, 10.3% of the flora is endemic (350 taxa), constituting 34.3% of the endemism of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands, and 2.6% of those of the Mediterranean Basin, which include 6 of the 17 endemic genera of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands, 3 of these being exclusive of the territory analysed. Chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes make up 45.5% of the flora, with decreasing values for the therophytes as altitudes rise (41.1-8.1%) and increasing values for hemicryptophytes (22.4%-63.2%). Mediterranean taxa comprise 39.2%, followed by Ibero-North African taxa (15.3%), Iberian (13.9%), European (11.3%) and local endemism (9.4%). Of these taxa, 12.5% are threatened, according to the criteria of the UICN. Tanacetum funkii, exclusive of this area, is considered extinct. Only 6 families account for 43.5% of the threatened taxa. The Mesomediterranean thermotype (600-1400 m a.s.l.) harbours 82.8% of the species, with a maximum of between 700-800 m a.s.l. and with two zones of minimums: from -100 to 0 m a.s.l. and from 3300 to 3400 m a.s.l.