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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:47:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The classic models of cuesta evolution in south-eastern Brazil have temporal gaps in their denudation chronology. Here, we analyzed the colluvial deposits located on the rim of the Serra Geral escarpments in the Paraná Basin to propose a model with an absolute age range of minor landform evolution within this cuesta morphology. Correlation of the optically stimulated luminescence ages with the regional paleoclimatic conditions demonstrates that the successive phases of colluviation reflect either short-term intervals of variability in moisture availability or dry periods in the Holocene. The potential effects of other contributing factors (vegetation changes, local geomorphic settings and human activity) add complexity to the denudation responsible for the development of the investigated geomorphic chronosequences. The proposed model consists of five stages of hillslope sediment remobilization that were responsible for further remodeling of the minor vertical steps during the following chronological distribution: (i) 9.13 ± 1.2–7.09 ± 0.96 ka; (ii) 5.66 ± 0.86–4.5 ± 0.75 ka; (iii) 3.94 ± 0.605–3.45 ± 0.6 ka; (iv) 2.66 ± 0.315–2.3 ± 0.4 ka; and (v) after 1960 to the present day. Department of Geography Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), MG Department of Geography and Environmental Planning São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP Department of Geography and Environmental Planning São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP FAPESP: 2012/20513-0 FAPESP: 2013/15830-9

Ordovician limestone and Cambrian dolomite are the main oil and gas producing layers in eastern Tazhong field, Tarim basin. Industrial oil flow has been obtained from drilling in this zone, proving that the Lower Paleozoic strata is important for oil and gas exploration and development. However, the main controlling factors and distribution of high-quality reservoirs remain unclear. Based on the logging constrained seismic inversion , FMI (Fullbore Formation MicroImager) log interpretation and core analysis of six wells, the main controlling factors of Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs in the study area were investigated. The results reveal that the two buried cuestas control the distribution of the Cambrian and Ordovician strata, the ratio of mudstone in north buried cuesta (NBC) is more than that in south buried cuesta (SBC), and the average porosity of 3xq dolomite formation is more than that of O 1 − 2 y limestone formation. FMI logging interpretation results show that fracture density of well TZ-1 is significantly higher than that of well TZ-2, combined with core observation and microscopic analysis we can believe that reconstructed dolomite reservoir has developed dissolution pores and vugs. By the means of seismic impedance reconstruction, the most favorable production areas, so-called sweet-spots, are karst residual mounds that formed independent small anticlinal high points and have been depicted. Finally, total 28 traps in the Cambrian–Ordovician​ carbonate buried hill are characterized, covering an area of 66.4 km2. 17 anticline traps with an area of 26.9 km2 in dolomite reservoirs are optimized to be the next exploration targets.

La identificación de los nombres de los oppida del final de la Edad del Hierro ha despertado el interés de los historiadores y arqueólogos desde la Plena Edad Media. A lo largo de los siglos, especialmente en los últimos doscientos años, han sido numerosas las propuestas por ubicar en localidades y yacimientos concretos los topónimos de ciudades prerromanas y romanas citadas por las fuentes griegas y romanas y por los documentos epigráficos. En este artículo abordamos los casos de tres yacimientos de la provincia de Soria que se han vinculado con diferentes oppida celtibéricos y ciudades romanas, sin tener, en ocasiones, los suficientes argumentos para ello: Medinaceli, identificado tradicionalmente con Ocilis y, en las últimas décadas, también con Cortona y Segontia; las Ruinas Ciclópeas de Santa María de Huerta y Granja de San Pedro, donde se ha situado la Arcobriga prerromana; Las Quintanas-La Cuesta del Moro de Langa de Duero vinculado, desde su descubrimiento y excavación por Blas de Taracena, con Segontia Lanca.

Tagetes mirandae is described as a new species from La Rioja province in western Argentina. Its distribution area is restricted to Cuesta de Miranda, in the Coronel Felipe Varela department. The new species is closely related to T. pauciloba and T. riojana, but it can be distinguished by morphological characters of inflorescence and florets. We also report two new records from La Rioja province: T. filifolia and T. imbricata.

A new infaunal pinnotherid crab, Pinnixulala heardin. sp., is described from muddy substrates of the middle to inner continental shelf of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Molecular genetic analysis supports its separation from P. retinens (Rathbun, 1918), the only other western Atlantic member of the genus and a species most commonly found living as a symbiont of large polychaete worms. Both western Atlantic species are clearly separated from several described and undescribed populations of congeners occurring along shorelines of the eastern Pacific. We herein include a rediagnosis of P. retinens to facilitate morphological comparisons with P. heardin. sp. Unlike P. retinens, which is more common in shallow inshore waters and reaches larger sizes, the new species lacks development of a strong distally directed spine on the fourth pereopod ischium and has chelae that are at least as heavily developed as the second and third pereopods. In addition, the mature male first gonopods in P. heardin. sp. are tapered over their terminal one-third and directed distally, rather than being curved in their terminal one-third with the tips directed mesially, as they are in P. retinens. The new species is invariably collected from samples including infaunal worms and other invertebrates, but the specific hosts remain to be determined

Trapped charge dating of optically bleached quartz deposits that lie beyond the dose-saturation limits of conventional optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) has typically focused on two main techniques over the last decade: electron spin resonance (ESR) and thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence (TT-OSL). In spite of a clear association between these two dating techniques through their shared dose rate terms, the exact relationships between the various ESR centre (i.e., Al and Ti) and TT-OSL dating signals remain largely unexplored. In this study we undertake ESR and luminescence signal comparisons on paired sedimentary quartz samples from two Middle Pleistocene Spanish archaeological sites (Porto Maior in northwest Spain and Cuesta de la Bajada in northeast Spain) to examine the empirical relationships between quartz dating signals across different geological provinces. For this purpose we undertake 3-dimensional (3D) thermoluminescence (TL) spectral measurements, single-grain TT-OSL dating and signal analyses, normalised multiple centre (MC) ESR signal characterisation (ESR intensities, signal composition, dose-response curve properties), MC ESR De evaluation, and ICP-OES analysis of quartz extracts to evaluate potential correlations between elemental impurity concentrations and Al, Li–Ti and Li–H centre signals. The ESR samples from Cuesta de la Bajada and Porto Maior display similar Al centre signal intensities and dose-response behaviour, but they exhibit major differences in their Ti centre properties. Geochemical analysis reveals that the Cuesta de la Bajada quartz extracts contain higher concentrations of Al and Ti impurities (15 and 21% higher, respectively) when compared with the Porto Maior quartz extracts. These compositional differences appear correlated with the relative Ti–H signal intensities for the two sample datasets but not with the relative Al and Ti–Li signal intensities. The luminescence characterisation comparisons reveal a higher proportion of TT-OSL-producing grains in the Cuesta de la Bajada samples (∼6.2% versus 1.5% for Porto Maior), and single-grain TT-OSL signal intensities that are almost an order of magnitude higher than for the Porto Maior samples. The 3D TL spectra for the Cuesta de la Bajada quartz are dominated by two major TL peaks in the red emission band (620 nm) at 265–310 °C and 365 °C (when using a heating rate of 1 °C/s), which are up to seven times more intense than the corresponding signals observed for the Porto Maior quartz. However, no major inter-sample differences were observed in the blue and UV-blue bands of the 3D TL spectra. These contrasting luminescence characteristics may be indicative of variable signal sensitisation histories related to dissimilar sedimentary recycling or geological origins between the two sites. Our results provide a useful baseline dataset for future comparative ESR and luminescence characterisation studies, and indicate a potentially close relationship between the quartz ESR Ti centre and single-grain TT-OSL signals. There is significant potential to refine understanding of these signal relationships in the future by expanding the number, and geographic coverage, of paired ESR–luminescence comparison studies, and by incorporating comparative 3D TL spectral investigations that focus exclusively on TT-OSL-producing grains (as opposed to bulk grain populations) to better elucidate luminescence trapping and recombination characteristics.

The Parana Volcanic Province follows Siberia as the second largest in the continents and offers a unique opportunity to study the hydrothermal relationship between basalt-rhyodacite lavas and buried erg-turned aquifer in an intraplate setting. Injected sand fluidized after basalt sealing and was succeeded by amethyst and agate geode opening and filling. Excellent exposures in the Herveiras cuesta, southern Brazil, allow the comparison of processes over long distances (1500 km) in the volcanic group. Fieldwork and basalt chemistry led to the identification of three hydrothermal processes-amygdales filling (H1), sand injection (H2) and amethyst geodes formation (H3). Sand injection was triggered by high temperature (150 ℃) and seismicity. These low-temperature processes identified in the Herveiras cuesta demonstrate the homogeneity of relationships between the paleoerg, giant aquifer and intraplate volcanic rocks across the volcanic province.

The systematics of the arboreal sesarmid crab genera Labuanium Serene and Soh, 1970 and Scandarma Schubart, Liu and Cuesta, 2003 is revised. Also included is the poorly known genus Namlacium Serene...

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:47:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Cuestas are relief features whose evolution has traditionally been attributed to erosion processes. They are habitually studied in many regions of the world. In Brazil, however, studies of erosion processes in cuestas are uncommon, despite the presence of this type of relief in several parts of the country. The aim of this study was to identify relevant correlations between local geographical conditions and physical-hydrological properties of the soil, and to identify the prevailing factors in the development of rill erosion, ravines and gullies in cuestas. We analyze various physical properties of the soil, including grain size, resistance to penetration, permeability and infiltration rates. The geographic variable slope was also considered. The data variables were processed using geostatistical techniques (ordinary kriging) and statistics (factor analysis). The results show that data referring to grain size, soil resistance to penetration and infiltration present statistically significant differences and can be used to assess the spatial distribution of erosion landforms. Details of the behavior of clays and the transitions between the clayey and sandy sector also helped to understand the location of erosion landforms. The steep morphology of the cuestas, associated with the presence of lithologies of varying resistance, generates different soil types, even in small catchments. These differentiations contribute to the development of erosion features and generate gullies covering large areas and whose evolution is difficult to explain. Thus, the study of erosion in cuesta lands is necessary and should be expanded in Brazil. The methodology used in this study has the potential to be applied to other catchments, and can thus contribut to the study of erosion processes in cuestas. Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia São Paulo State University (Unesp), Avenida 24A, n.1515 Departamento de Geografia e Planejamento Ambiental São Paulo State University (Unesp), Avenida 24A, n.1515 Department of Geography Facultat de Geografia i Història Universitat de Barcelona, Montalegre, 6-8, 3 pis Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geográficas Universidad de Tarapacá, 18 de Septiembre #2222, Campus Saucache Departament de Geografia Universitat de Barcelona, Montalegre, 6-8, 08001 Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia São Paulo State University (Unesp), Avenida 24A, n.1515 Departamento de Geografia e Planejamento Ambiental São Paulo State University (Unesp), Avenida 24A, n.1515 CAPES: 2016/25399-1 CAPES: 2018/09746-9

Constructed in 1978 on a largely rugged terrain on the scarp slope of the 250 km North–South trending Arochukwu-Ohafia-Awgu-Udi-Nsukka cuesta, one of the two major cuestas in southeastern Nigeria (the other being the 75 km Northwest–Southeast trending Awgu-Awka uplands), a number of gullies have developed on the Okigwe-Isuikwuato Highway. These gullies have primarily developed at points where inappropriately sized culvert structures have obstructed the natural drainage path. The combination of the undersized culvert, pressure flow through culvert, topography, and vulnerable geologic formation has led to the development of massive gullies in some locations. This paper investigated the anthropogenic, hydraulic, and hydrological factors that led to the development of these gullies. It also proffered suggestions for the mitigation of the effect of these gullies.

A erosão do solo pela água é estimada em um custo anual de bilhões de dólares para o PIB global. Para estudar essa problemática, considera-se que avaliar a disposição espacial dos fenômenos erosivos, assim como a interação das variáveis que influenciam sua dinâmica, constitui-se em uma prerrogativa essencial. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar procedimentos metodológicos adotados para o desenvolvimento de cartas de síntese a fim de identificar o potencial dos terrenos ao avanço da erosão linear. As variáveis utilizadas para analisar o potencial erosivo foram a morfometria do relevo, as características físicas dos solos e o uso da terra. Foram utilizados princípios da álgebra de mapas, com destaque para a sobreposição ponderada das variáveis, partindo de influências diferentes para cada uma destas e de técnicas distintas para o estabelecimento de pesos para as classes de cada variável. Os documentos cartográficos criados foram avaliados a partir da comparação destes com dados experimentais de campo e de mapeamentos das feições lineares. Constatou-se que as melhores respostas ocorreram quando se considerou influência equânime para as variáveis físicas e de uso da terra, demonstrando que as feições erosivas são fruto da interação entre a ação humana e as características naturais do terreno. Foi possível também concluir que os procedimentos técnicos que permitem obter bons resultados para avaliar o potencial ao desenvolvimento de voçorocas, não respondem adequadamente para sulcos e ravinas, havendo necessidade de adaptações. Considera-se que as cartas elaboradas, assim como os procedimentos metodológicos desenvolvidos, possuem sustentação para a análise da dinâmica erosiva linear em setores de Cuesta, uma vez que foi possível obter produtos cartográficos que apresentaram boa correspondência espacial com as feições erosivas registradas no terreno.

Submitted by Mariana Vieira Galvão de Oliveira (mariana.galvao@unesp.br) on 2021-09-28T18:38:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado - Mariana Vieira Galvão de Oliveira.pdf: 4218043 bytes, checksum: 6347ad7f5404fbbe056a018d54d75440 (MD5) Rejected by Adriana Ap. Puerta Buzzá (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br), reason: Prezada Mariana, O documento enviado para a coleção Campus Unesp Rio Claro foi recusado pelo(s) seguinte(s) motivo(s): - Ficha catalográfica está fora do padrão e com o título em caixa alta (letras todas em maiúsculas) - Necessário refazer a ficha. Não alterar, acrescentar ou excluir qualquer informação. A ficha deve ser colocada idêntica ao que o sistema gerar. "Título do trabalho: iniciar o título com a primeira letra maiúscula, porém as outras palavras devem ser escritas em letras minúsculas, com exceção de nomes próprios." Maiores informações: https://ib.rc.unesp.br/#!/biblioteca/aprenda-com-a-biblioteca/repositorio---teses-e-dissertacoes/ http://ib.rc.unesp.br/Home/Biblioteca37/repositorio_fluxograma_unesp_rioclaro.jpg Em caso de dúvidas entre em contato pelos e-mails: repositoriounesp@reitoria.unesp.br e/ou stati.rc@unesp.br Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações destacadas. Agradecemos a compreensão. Atenciosamente, Biblioteca Campus Rio Claro Repositório Institucional UNESP https://repositorio.unesp.br on 2021-09-29T13:26:53Z (GMT) Submitted by Mariana Vieira Galvão de Oliveira (mariana.galvao@unesp.br) on 2021-09-29T13:49:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Vieira Galvão de Oliveira - Dissertação Mestrado.pdf: 4206313 bytes, checksum: 83e5970cef2b09d47c887d0ab5b67bb1 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Ap. Puerta Buzzá (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2021-09-29T14:25:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_mvg_me_rcla.pdf: 4206313 bytes, checksum: 83e5970cef2b09d47c887d0ab5b67bb1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-29T14:25:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_mvg_me_rcla.pdf: 4206313 bytes, checksum: 83e5970cef2b09d47c887d0ab5b67bb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-08-04 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) O problema da crise hídrica é uma preocupação até em países com grandes quantidades de água doce, como o Brasil. No Estado de São Paulo, após o longo período de estiagem nos anos de 2014 a 2015, a problemática acerca das crises hídricas passou a ser foco de diversos estudo. Alguns destes estudos propõem o uso de águas subterrâneas para evitar crises hídricas, todavia muitos destes não compreendem ou ignoram os processos hidrológicos de recarga e descarga dos aquíferos. Há uma grande defasagem cientifica acerca dos processos hidrológicos dos aquíferos, e esse déficit dificulta o planejamento de uso sustentável dos reservatórios. Entender os processos de recarga e descarga é fundamental para prevenir problemas relacionados a aquíferos e compreender melhor as relações de trocas entre os reservatórios superficiais e subterrâneos. Estudos geofísicos são usados para estudar esses processos hidrológicos, entretanto existe pouca bibliografia acerca do uso do método da Eletrorrestividade neste tipo de estudo. O presente trabalho delimitou uma área próxima da escarpa do front da Cuesta Basáltica no município de Ipeúna (SP), para estudar os processos de recarga e descarga por meio do método da Eletrorrestividade e de um levantamento estratigráfico. A área escolhida está em uma área de afloramento do Sistema Aquífero Guarani (SAG), local conhecido por ser importante na recarga desse aquífero transfronteiriço. O levantamento estratigráfico foi feito por meio de um caminhamento pela estrada de acesso à área de estudo. No levantamento geofísico foi necessário realizar 10 linhas pararelas de tomografia elétrica em arranjo Schlumberger. Os valores de resistividade medidos variaram entre 5000 Ω.m e 20 Ω.m. Os dados coletados em campos foram processados e representados em modelos logarítmicos bidimensionais e tridimensionais. Com a correlação entre a estratigrafia e os modelos 2D foi possível localizar onde estavam localizados os aquíferos porosos e fraturados, assim como relacionar os valores de resistividade com as rochas presentes na área, que são: Basaltos, Arenitos e Arenitos silicificados. O aquífero poroso funciona como um grande reservatório, a água é armazenada nele antes de fluir para o aquífero fraturado abaixo. O 3D permitiu uma melhor visualização da presença de água no arcabouço geológico, e a visualização dos valores de resistividade nas cotas. O modelo de bloco 3D possibilitou visualizar a água dentro de uma grande lente arenítica que flui em direção ao front da Cuesta, e não para o reverso como era esperado. A análise conjunta entre a geofísica e estratigrafia permitiu compreender sobre o arcabouço geológico, a relação do mesmo com o fluxo de água subterrânea e os processos hidrológicos. O trabalho também diminui a lacuna de estudos geofísicos no SAG e de uso de Eletrorrestividade para compreender os processos hidrológicos dos aquíferos. The problem of the water crisis is a concern even in countries with large amounts of fresh water, such as Brazil. In the State of São Paulo, after the long period of drought in the years 2014 to 2015, the issue of water crises became the focus of several studies. Some of these studies propose the use of groundwater to avoid water crises, however many of them do not understand or ignore the hydrological processes of aquifer recharge and discharge. There is a large scientific gap regarding the hydrological processes of aquifers, and this deficit makes it difficult to plan the sustainable use of reservoirs. Understanding the recharge and discharge processes is essential to prevent problems related to aquifers and to better understand the exchange relationships between surface and underground reservoirs. Geophysical studies are used to study these hydrological processes, however there is little bibliography about the use of the Electrorestivity method in this type of study. The present work delimited an area close to the escarpment of the Cuesta Basáltica front in the municipality of Ipeúna (SP), in order to study the recharge and discharge processes using the Electrorestivity method and a stratigraphic survey. The chosen area is in an upwelling area of the Guarani Aquifer System (SAG), a place known to be important in the recharge of this transboundary aquifer. The stratigraphic survey was carried out by walking along the access road to the study area. In the geophysical survey, it was necessary to carry out 10 parallel lines of electrical tomography in Schlumberger arrangement. The measured resistivity values ranged between 5000 Ω.m and 20 Ω.m. Data collected in fields were processed and represented in two-dimensional and threedimensional logarithmic models. With the correlation between stratigraphy and 2D models, it was possible to locate where the porous and fractured aquifers were located, as well as to relate the resistivity values with the rocks present in the area, which are: Basalts, Sandstones and Silicified Sandstones. The porous aquifer acts as a large reservoir, water is stored in it before flowing into the fractured aquifer below. The 3D allowed a better visualization of the presence of water in the geological framework, and the visualization of resistivity values in the dimensions. The 3D block model made it possible to visualize the water inside a large sandstone lens that flows towards the front of the Cuesta, and not to the reverse as expected. The joint analysis between geophysics and stratigraphy allowed us to understand the geological framework, its relationship with groundwater flow and hydrological processes. The work also reduces the gap in geophysical studies in the SAG and the use of Electrorestivity to understand the hydrological processes of aquifers.

This article systematically and quantitatively characterizes interaction dynamics and community formation based on changes in spatial patterns of contemporaneous households. We develop and apply a geospatial routine to measure changing extents of household interaction and community formation from AD 600 to 1280 on the Mesa Verde cuesta in southwestern Colorado. Results suggest that household spatial organization was shaped simultaneously by the maintenance of regular social interaction that sustained communities and the need for physical space among households. Between AD 600 and 1200, households balanced these factors by forming an increased number of dispersed communities in response to population growth and variable environmental stressors. However, as population rebounded after the megadrought of the mid-1100s, communities became increasingly compact, disrupting a long-standing equilibrium between household interaction and subsistence space within each community. The vulnerabilities created by this change in community spatial organization were compounded by a cooler climate, drought, violence, and changes in political and ritual organization in the mid-1200s, which ultimately culminated in the complete depopulation of the Mesa Verde cuesta by the end of the thirteenth century.

Charcoal macroremains are evidence of past landscapes and of the uses different people made of it. These issues are investigated in this paper through the anthracological analysis of the most recent archaeological levels from Toca do Boqueirao da Pedra Furada (Piaui, Brazil) – dated from 10,050 ± 80 (11,822–11,241 cal yrs BP) to after 6150 ± 60 (7165–6797 cal yrs BP). Charcoal pieces were identified under reflected light optical microscopy. 71 taxa in 25 families and 30 genera were determinated in 1166 charcoal fragments. The results point to an intense use of the surrounding semideciduous Lauraceae forest vegetation in the early Holocene, with the presence of increasing cerrado vegetation thereafter and the development of caatinga after c. 6000 yrs. BP, associated to a drier climate. Low charcoal diversity suggests short-term occupations, implying that the site was probably used as a temporary settlement. Occupation was probably more intense around c. 8000–7000 cal yrs BP. Opportunistic firewood gathering of dry sound deadwood was probably made around the valley and the cuesta front. The selection of small logs was possibly a consequence of the vegetation structure itself, mostly composed of small trees. Indirect records of possible uses of plants as food and medicine are suggested.

Au cœur du relief de côtes de la Lorraine sédimentaire, Verdun bénéficiait de solides défenses naturelles qui la protégeaient des attaques depuis l’est et le nord. À l’est, elle était protégée par la dépression marécageuse de la Woëvre, impropre aux manœuvres militaires, et par le front de la côte de Meuse. Au nord, la voie était barrée par des côtes et ravins SW-NW, découpant le plateau des Hauts de Meuse. La vallée de la Meuse, surimposée au relief avec ses méandres encaissés et son lit marécageux, a fait obstacle à la coordination des attaques allemandes sur les deux rives. L’impact de la bataille de Verdun sur le paysage se traduit moins par ce qu’on voit que parce qu’on ne voit plus. L’alternance d’attaques et de contre-attaques n’a pas permis l’installation d’ouvrages de terrain pérennes et la conservation des tranchées, et le reboisement de l’après-guerre a fait oublier qu’à la place de la forêt actuelle, il y avait un terroir agricole et forestier de type openfield, qui a perdu près de 100 000 ha de terres labourable devenues incultivables. Les traces de la guerre se voient aussi dans la reconstruction des villages et des fermes entreprise dans les années 20. Enfin, la « bombturbation » et l’apparition de nouvelles espèces dans les espaces laissés à la nature témoignent également de l’impact de la bataille. In the heart of the cuesta landscape of the sedimentary Lorraine, Verdun benefited from strong natural defences that protected the place from attacks from the east and the north. On the east side, it was protected by the marshy depression of the Woëvre, which was unsuitable for the movements of troops, and by the east-facing escarpment of the Meuse cuesta. On the north side, SW-NW ridges and ravines dissecting the plateau of the Hauts de Meuse were obstacles on the way of the German forces. The valley of the Meuse, overimposed on the plateau with its steep meanders and marshy bed, separated the two wings of the attacking armiesand prevented their efficient co-operation.The impact of the battle on the landscape is less reflected in what can be seen than in what cannot be seen any longer. Continuous attacks and counter-attacks did not allow the building of perennial defences and the conservation of trenches, and post-war reforestation made forget that where there is now a forest, there was an open-field system, which lost nearly 100,000 ha of arable land that had become uncultivable. The traces of war can also be seen in the reconstruction of villages and farms undertaken in the 1920s. Finally, the “bombturbation” and the emergence of new species in the spaces left to nature are also evidence of the impact of the battle.

Montane ecosystems around the world are found from the equator to the poles and occupy approximately one fifth of the surface of continents and islands (Ives et al. 1997). In South America, the Andes, as the longest ridge in America, extends over approximately 1.5 million km2, running from 11° N to 23° S, with altitudes up to 6000 masl. The tropical part runs mainly from Venezuela through Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, comprising area of approximately 35,824 km2 (Cuesta et al. 2009). Main ecosystems in these environments are the glaciers, paramos, and montane forests, including cloud forests; however, montane forests cover most of the region, whereas paramos are insular formations around the highest peaks (Smith and Cleef 1988).

The response of sedimentary basins to earliest onset of Andean contraction and lithospheric flexure in the southern Central Andes is debated and not well-resolved. The Upper Cretaceous to Oligocene strata of the Cuesta de Huaco anticline in the Argentine Precordillera record sedimentation, regional deformation, and climate patterns prior to the highly studied Oligocene-Miocene foreland basin phase. These deposits have recently been recognized as Cretaceous and Paleogene in age, prompting a re-evaluation of this depocenter as part of the early Andean system, prior to deposition of the aeolian foredeep sediments of the Oligocene Vallecito Formation. This work presents new data from the Argentine Precordillera fold-and-thrust belt at 30°S that sheds light on new reinterpretations of the timing of sedimentation for an important interval in Andean retroarc foreland basin history. We report the first Paleocene detrital radiometric ages from the Cuesta de Huaco ‘red strata’ of the pre-Oligocene Bermejo Basin. Detailed sedimentology and provenance data from the Cenomanian-Turonian Cienaga del Rio Huaco and Danian-Priabonian Puesto La Flecha formations reveal a Cenomanian-Turonian braided stream system that transitioned into a shallow freshwater lacustrine depocenter in Paleocene-Eocene time. During Late Cretaceous time, sediment in the braided river system was derived primarily from northeastern cratonic sources; during the Paleocene-Eocene, uplift and unroofing of the Andean arc and Frontal Cordillera resulted in an influx of western-derived sediment. We therefore suggest a revised timing of sedimentation for the transition to Andean retroarc foreland basin deposition.

Flash floods and debris flows are iconic hazards inmountainous regions with steep relief, high rainfall intensities, rapid snowmelt events, and abundant sediments. The cuesta landscapes of southern Germany hardly come to mind when dealing with such hazards. A series of heavy rainstorms dumping up to 140mm in 2 h caused destructive flash floods and debris flows in May 2016. The most severe damage occurred in the Braunsbach municipality, which was partly buried by 42,000 m(3) of boulders, gravel, mud, and anthropogenic debris from the small catchment of Orlacher Bach (similar to 6 km(2)). We analysed this event by combining rainfall patterns, geological conditions, and geomorphic impacts to estimate an average sediment yield of 14,000 t/km(2) that mostly (similar to 95%) came from some 50 riparian landslides and channel-bed incision of similar to 2 m. This specific sediment yield ranks among the top 20% globally, while the intensity-duration curve of the rainstormis similarly in the upper percentile range of storms that had triggered landslides. Compared to similar-sized catchments in the greater region hit by the rainstorms, we find that the Orlacher Bach is above the 95th percentile in terms of steepness, storm-rainfall intensity, and topographic curvatures. The flash flood transported a sediment volume equal to as much as 20-40% of the Pleistocene sediment volume stored in the Orlacher Bach fan, andmay have had several predecessors in the Holocene. River control structures from 1903 and records of a debris flow in the 1920s in a nearby catchment indicate that the local inhabitants may have been aware of the debris-flow hazards earlier. Such recurring and destructive events elude flood-hazard appraisals in humid landscapes of gentle relief, and broaden mechanistic views of how landslides and debris flows contribute to shaping small and deeply cut tributaries in the southern Germany cuesta landscape.

Several fresh-water carbonate deposits (tufa and travertine) were formed at different elevations within the Kurkur paleolake, 50 km west of Aswan, Egypt. Such paleolake was unique and confined in sag between the cuesta and the capping platform of Sin El-Kaddabaa Plateau. This work aims at integrating the remote sensing data together with the chemical and petrographic analyses to map and characterize these tufa and travertine deposits to define their paleo-depositional environment. A DEM with 2.5 m spatial resolution was generated from two ALOS/PRISM images to show geomorphological and hydrological parameters. In addition, full-polarimetric SAR data were used to investigate the scattering response of these tufa and travertine deposits. These deposits show a volume scattering response, with an increase in the pedestal height of the co- and cross-polarized signatures. The tufa and travertine deposits range from Pleistocene (older upper level) to Recent (younger lower level). The young tufa is hard, light brown porous and thinly-laminated, while the old tufa is generally coarse crystalline and consists of columnar pseudo denderitic calcite crystals. The travertine displays a stromatolitic fabric, where thin dark micritic algal laminae alternate with relatively thick calcitic bands (∼1 cm). Conducted XRD and chemical analyses reveal that these tufa and travertine are entirely composed of low magnesium calcite, with traces of quartz ( 13C and δ18 O values suggest that the old tufa have been developed during warm pluvial periods, while the younger ones were precipitated in drier periods. Two hypotheses were introduced to explain the changes in the hydrological regime of Kurkur paleolake; the first proposes a hydrological breaching due to water overflow on the lake's low periphery areas that led to their desiccation (where the tufa and travertine were deposited) and the second is the possible integration into the regional drainage networks of the area presently occupied by Lake Nasser.

The Cotswold Hills, southwest UK, are properly described as a cuesta, with a steep, west-facing scarp slope and a plateau-like dip slope. Drainage reflects this surface morphology, with most rivers flowing southeast along topographic and stratigraphic dip. Here, we compare two superficially highly similar rivers – the Frome and Churn – whose sources are nearly coincident, but whose behaviour dramatically diverges thereafter. We examine longitudinal profiles, channel steepness, predicted discharge, and valley shapes, using digital topographic data. River discharge and water hardness/temperature values were obtained at seven sites on the Churn and nine on the Frome over a two-year sampling campaign, delineated into summer and winter phases. Nearly 100 borehole records were interrogated from the two catchments in order to assess groundwater level variations. The Frome, flowing west against regional dips, develops a steep course and has carved a deep and wide valley that exposes the full sequence of Cotswold Jurassic stratigraphy. On the other hand, discharge and channel gradients are lower for the dip-slope Churn, whose valley exposes less stratigraphy and fewer springs. Our measurements of river water hardness and temperature suggest that a greater proportion of groundwater flows into the Frome, regulating discharge and maintaining baseflow over summer. We suggest that flank uplift of the Cotswolds is at least part of the reason for the higher incision rates of the River Frome, leading to its intersecting a greater number of highly transmissive fractures that contribute to its discharge. In turn, the increased discharge could positively impact local incision rates.

This paper examines the relationship between the sedimentation in the retroarc Paganzo Basin and the activity of the magmatic arc developed in the neighboring Andean Cordillera during the Late Pennsylvanian-Cisuralian. The temporal relationships between the Choiyoi Volcanism (Andean region) and the retroarc Paganzo Basin were investigated according to three lines of research: 1. Sedimentology and lithostratigraphy of the De La Cuesta Formation, 2. Geochronology and, 3. Biostratigraphy. Paleoenvironmental studies indicate that small alluvial fans (facies association A) and braided river (facies association B) deposits prevailed in the lower third of the De La Cuesta Formation, which includes a thin intercalation of shallow marine sediments only present in the western part of the area (facies association C). A progressive decrease in the energy of the fluvial systems occurred at the middle part of the unit, where dominant finning-upward successions correspond to meandering rivers (facies association D). In contrast, interbedded sandstones and mudstones were subsequently deposited by low-energy ephemeral rivers (facies association E). Finally, the upper third of the De La Cuesta Formation corresponds to eolian sandstones (facies association F) and shallow water bodies deposits, including evaporites, limestones, and tuffs (facies association G) sedimented under semiarid to arid conditions with periods of explosive volcanism. A U–Pb age of 278.84 Ma was obtained from a tuff level at the uppermost part of the De La Cuesta Formation (facies association G). This age, together with one previously obtained of 311.89 ± 0.21 Ma corresponding to the base of the unit, indicate that the De La Cuesta Formation is Moscovian-Kungurian in age and that it was mostly deposited before the main phase of the Choiyoi magmatism, synchronically with the so-called Pre-Choiyoi magmatism. Furthermore, a rich palynological assemblage belonging to the Lueckisporites/Weylandites Biozone (LW), recovered from deposits of the facies association G, is equivalent to the Lueckisporites virkkiae (Lv) Biozone from the Parana Basin (Brazil), pointing out a Kungurian age for these biostratigraphic units. The new radiometric age and the palynological taxa recovered from the top of the De La Cuesta Formation (facies association G) confirm a Kungurian age for this interval, establishing a key level for correlation between the sedimentation in the retroarc with the onset of the Choiyoi Volcanism in the magmatic arc.