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NeoNet Atlantic dataset complements the NeoNet Mediterranean dataset by providing new curated radiocarbon dates for the study of the pioneer farming front (i.e. Neolithisation, ca. 7500 to 3500 cal BC) in the Southern European Atlantic Coast river basin (Portugal, Western Spain, Southwestern France). The complete dataset is formed by the id00164_doc_elencoc14.tsv file, a data frame with tab-separated values, and a related dataframe: id00164_doc_thesaurus.tsv. The dataset contains 1,143 radiocarbon dates from 254 archaeological sites and 817 different archaeological contexts (stratigraphic units, structures, negative features, hearths, etc.) informed by 233 bibliographical references. As for the NeoNet Mediterranean dataset, particular attention has been paid to homogenisation of the laboratory code, the archaeological context, and the references, in order to facilitate further data extractions. Indeed, the dataset is linked to an open source R Shiny interactive web app (NeoNet app), a series of functions hosted on GitHub, and a getter function (R package c14bazAAr, R function get_c14data("neonetatl").

Plant material culture can offer unique insights into the ways of life of prehistoric societies; however, its perishable nature has prevented a thorough understanding of its diverse and complex uses. Sites with exceptional preservation of organic materials provide a unique opportunity for further research. The burial site of Cueva de los Murciélagos in southern Iberia, uncovered during 19th-century mining activities, contained the best-preserved hunter-gatherer basketry in southern Europe, together with other unique organic artifacts associated with the first farming communities, such as sandals and a wooden hammer. We present 14 14C dates for the perishable artifacts (N = 76), situating the assemblage between the Early and Middle Holocene (c. 7500 to 4200 cal BCE). Our integrated analysis includes raw material determination and technological and chrono-cultural contextualization of this unique and important set of materials.

Plant material culture can offer unique insights into the ways of life of prehistoric societies; however, its perish- able nature has prevented a thorough understanding of its diverse and complex uses. Sites with exceptional preservation of organic materials provide a unique opportunity for further research. The burial site of Cueva de los Murciélagos in southern Iberia, uncovered during 19th-century mining activities, contained the best-pre- served hunter-gatherer basketry in southern Europe, together with other unique organic artifacts associated with the first farming communities, such as sandals and a wooden hammer. We present 14 14C dates for the perishable artifacts (N = 76), situating the assemblage between the Early and Middle Holocene (c. 7500 to 4200 cal BCE). Our integrated analysis includes raw material determination and technological and chrono-cul- tural contextualization of this unique and important set of materials.

Nada fue igual a partir del Neolítico. El control de la reproducción animal y vegetal y su consecuente domesticación estuvieron vinculados a una paulatina sedentarización y a la configuración de los primeros poblados. La herencia de este fenómeno, que se inició en Próximo Oriente hace unos 15 000 años, llega hasta nuestros días. Nuestra alimentación, nuestro modo de vida y probablemente nuestras creencias más primigenias tienen su origen en aquellos primeros agricultores y pastores. La búsqueda de nuevos territorios donde iniciar una nueva vida les llevó a moverse en distintas direcciones: el oeste de Asia, el centro de Europa y los espacios bañados por el Mediterráneo. Tras varias generaciones llegaron a la península ibérica hace unos 7700 años.

Durante el Neolítico, el cambio más evidente es la aparición de los animales y plantas domésticos, lo que supone claramente una nueva base de alimentación de los grupos humanos. Sin embargo, no se trata de la única transformación, puesto que el Neolítico implica también la existencia de una nueva organización social, así como la aparición de nuevos rituales funerarios, patrones de asentamiento y modificaciones en las tecnologías que usan estas sociedades. Muchas de las tecnologías que aparecían anteriormente se siguen utilizando en esta época, pero su forma de elaboración y, sobre todo, su uso se modifican. Los restos materiales más habituales de las sociedades neolíticas son las herramientas hechas en piedra o hueso y la cerámica.

In this paper we present the study of the Iron Age deposit of Cueva del Aspio (Ruesga). In this we analyze the archaeological records and the information from the campaign of 1994 and the archaeological interventions that we developed between 2013 and 2018. Thanks to this, it has been possible to document a cult space dated between the 2nd-1st centuries BC in which were offered archaeological objects that represent the main socioeconomic activities of the society of the moment (agriculture, textile activity, pottery, iron and bronze metallurgy, livestock, warefare, etc.) and among which there is evidence of the practice of an act of commensality or ritual banquet., En este artículo presentamos los resultados del estudio integral del depósito de la Edad del Hierro documentado en la cueva del Aspio (Ruesga), integrando el conjunto arqueológico procedente de la recogida superficial de 1994 y de las intervenciones arqueológicas desarrolladas entre los años 2013 y 2018. Gracias a ello ha sido posible documentar un espacio ritual datado entre los siglos II-I a.C. en el que fueron ofrendados objetos representativos de las principales actividades socioeconómicas de la sociedad del momento (agricultura, actividad textil, alfarería, metalurgia del hierro y del bronce, ganadería, guerra, etc.) y entre los que existen evidencias de un posible acto de comensalidad o banquete ritual.

The introduction and spread of the Neolithic “way of life” in Europe was a process that took several millennia, followed by different rhythms and displayed singularities in each geographic area. It was therefore a very complex phenomenon that, despite highly significant advances in research in recent decades, is yet to be fully understood. To deepen our understanding of the very early stages of the introduction of herding and agriculture throughout the Old Continent, the 1st Conference on the Early Neolithic of Europe wasorganisedinBarcelonaon6–8November2019.Theconferencewasagreatsuccesswithmore than 200 participants, creating a stimulating arena to discuss and debate, exclusively, the transition to the Neolithic in Europe. This special issue brings together 52 of the contributions presented in Barcelona, offering an interesting overview of the current state of research across Europe, from the Anatolia to the Algarve, highlighting the geographical, chronological and socioeconomic diversity of the transformation processes involved in the Neolithisation of Europe and providing useful starting points for future research.

The introduction and spread of the Neolithic "way of life"in Europe was a process that took several millennia, followed by different rhythms and displayed singularities in each geographic area. It was therefore a very complex phenomenon that, despite highly significant advances in research in recent decades, is yet to be fully understood. To deepen our understanding of the very early stages of the introduction of herding and agriculture throughout the Old Continent, the 1st Conference on the Early Neolithic of Europe was organised in Barcelona on 6-8 November 2019. The conference was a great success with more than 200 participants, creating a stimulating arena to discuss and debate, exclusively, the transition to the Neolithic in Europe. This special issue brings together 52 of the contributions presented in Barcelona, offering an interesting overview of the current state of research across Europe, from the Anatolia to the Algarve, highlighting the geographical, chronological and socioeconomic diversity of the transformation processes involved in the Neolithisation of Europe and providing useful starting points for future research.

This study attempts a holistic approach to past foodways in prehistoric northern Gujarat, India, by considering evidence of food production, distribution, preparation and consumption. We present here the results of a pilot residue study, integrating lipid and starch grain analyses, conducted on 28 ceramic vessels from three Chalcolithic/Harappan settlements (c. 3300-2000 cal. BC) in northern Gujarat, which are discussed in the light of previous evidence of plant and animal acquisition and preparation strategies in this region. We aim to explore how the prehistoric inhabitants of northern Gujarat transformed ingredients into meals, focusing on how different foodstuffs were processed. When assessed on their own, the lipid and compound-specific isotopic data suggest that animal fats were primarily processed in ceramic vessels, specifically non-ruminant fats. However, lipid residue analysis favors the detection of fat-rich animal products and is often unable to disentangle signatures resulting from the mixing of plant and animal products. The incorporation of starch grain analyses provides evidence for the processing of a range of plants in the vessels, such as cereals, pulses and underground storage organs. Together, the results provide a holistic perspective on foodways and a way forward in overcoming preservational and interpretational limitations.