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Distinct mitigation measures are established, mainly for the local relocated population, resulting from the evaluation of the environmental impacts of the dams. In regions of water scarcity, at least during parts of the year, small farmers impacted by the dam go through a restructuring of the productive system and ways of life, moving from a situation of scarcity to a situation of water surplus. But, they have to support its cost that leads to water use restrictions. As a mitigation measure, irrigation systems are installed in the new properties aiming the subsistence and income of relocated people. However, they end up generating a dependency of the entrepreneur or the public power, because of its bad planning or implementation. This work tries to understand the post-impact of dams in Brazil, Portugal and Mozambique, through the study of the hydroagriculture projects implemented as a mitigation measure of the impacts over the local population.

Public participation in water management emerged out of the French experience and was structured on the basis of the basin committees. However, participation in the French system has evolved during the last 40 years and presents today a set of differences in participation strategy, result of a long process of active involvement of the society, in the evaluation and reformulation of management policies. Other countries followed the French principles in public participation but did not accommodate this evolution. However, in these countries, responses to the conflicts allowed for reinterpretation of the French model and its appropriation became contextualized with the achievement of maturity of their systems. In European countries the European Union legislation - Water Framework Directive - imprints a new strength to the participative component challenging State-Members that, despite a few exceptions, have not been able to fully respond to it. This work allows for the reflection about strategies of participation adopted by public policies in water management in Southern countries - Brazil and Mozambique and in the North - France and Portugal, revealing differences between active and passive processes in the improvement of its management systems

Vol.1; Water management entered the 21st century unresolved despite being a key resource for survival of humanity. Though considerable attention and advancement occur in its management this resource is still far from achieving sustainable management. In this paper the authors, out of the work of two funded CNPq projects and the work of Veiga (2007), reflect upon the work developed in the four countries - France, Brazil, Portugal and Mozambique - exploring lessons from efforts develop to improve the management of this resource. Through understanding and comparing the four contexts the authors establish a debate for figuring out the underlying reasons for the controversies generated which have quite unexpected and perverse consequences that affect and waste this resource. Through the study of case studies in each of the Portuguese-speaking countries the authors found commonalities and differences that constitute a rich learning process worth understanding to the ones responsible for the setting of future water management policies. If it is true that drinkable water is scarce, it is not less true that if we do not learn from the diverse experiences and correct water management policies the survival of humanity is at stake

This work reports a research programme undertaken since 1991 whose aims were to design, install and monitor a photovoltaic water pumping plant, with a capacity of 848 Wp, in the region of Maputo, Mozambique. The pumping plant has been installed in 1993 and a monitoring system integrated into it in 1994. The monitoring activities have been carried out during a period of six months, from 1st January to 30th June 1995, and had as a major objective to characterise the performance of the plant under the local environmental conditions. This characterisation comprised a detailed analysis of the performance of the plant's major components, namely the PV array, the inverter and the motor/pump unit. The costs of the energy services provided by the plant were also determined. Since this work was the first research activity in photovoltaics carried out in Mozambique, one the major outputs expected with it was that it should facilitate the promotion of photovoltaics in the country. Therefore another objective of this research was that of developing a model for an efficient PV technology transfer in the context of developing countries in general, and to Mozambique in particular.