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Although symbolic interactionism sheds light on how parents may impact their children's behaviors and outcomes through socialization, it has been underutilized in research and theorizing on Chinese parents' role in their children's academic development. Because work considering academic socialization holistically in Chinese families is limited, we use symbolic interactionism to propose a model that advances this theory by incorporating academic socialization as a formal construct that impacts Chinese children's academic outcomes. Specifically, we suggest that academic socialization shapes children's academic self‐concept directly and indirectly through academic achievement, with variations in Chinese parents' academic socialization based on socioeconomic status. Implications for research, theory, and practice are elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined maternal racial identity and its relations to maternal depression, maternal age, maternal parenting behavior, and 5-year-old children's social and cognitive outcomes. Participants included 62 African American mother-child dyads enrolled in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Mothers completed measures on their own racial identity and depression and on their children's social competence. Children were assessed on reading and mathematical readiness. Parent-child interactions were videotaped and coded for levels of maternal power assertion and warmth. After controlling for maternal education and program status, a series of multiple regressions were conducted. Results indicated that maternal preencounter attitudes were negatively related to maternal age and power assertion. Maternal immersion attitudes and children's cognitive achievement were negatively related. Maternal internalization attitudes were positively related to children's social competence. A trend suggested a positive relation between maternal preencounter attitudes and children's cognitive achievement. Maternal racial identity was not associated with maternal depression or maternal warmth. (Contains 2 tables.)

Aims: The progression of primary myelofibrosis is characterised by ongoing extracellular matrix deposition graded based on 'reticulin' and 'collagen' fibrosis, as revealed by Gomori's silver impregnation. Here we studied the expression of the major extracellular matrix proteins of fibrosis in relation to diagnostic silver grading supported by image analysis. Methods and results: By using automated immunohistochemistry, in this study we demonstrate that the expression of both types I and III collagens and fibrillin 1 by bone marrow stromal cells can reveal the extracellular matrix scaffolding in line with myelofibrosis progression as classified by silver grading. 'Reticulin' fibrosis indicated by type III collagen expression and 'collagen' fibrosis featured by type I collagen expression were parallel, rather than sequential, events. This is line with the proposed role of type III collagen in regulating type I collagen fibrillogenesis. The uniformly strong fibrillin 1 immune signals offered the best inter‐rater agreements and the highest statistical correlations with silver grading of the three markers, which was robustly confirmed by automated whole slide digital image analysis using a machine learning‐based algorithm. The progressive up‐regulation of fibrillin 1 during myelofibrosis may result from a negative feedback loop as fibrillin microfibrils sequester TGF‐β, the major promoter of fibrosis. This can also reduce TGF‐β‐induced RANKL levels, which would stimulate osteoclastogenesis and thus can support osteosclerosis in advanced myelofibrosis. Conclusions: Through the in‐situ detection of these extracellular matrix proteins, our results verify the molecular pathobiology of fibrosis during myelofibrosis progression. In particular, fibrillin 1 immunohistochemistry, with or without image analysis, can complement diagnostic silver grading at decent cell morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter describes the concept of ethnic-racial socialization and discusses its implications for ethnic minority children's adjustment with a special focus on middle childhood. Through verbal and non-verbal messages parents transmit knowledge about their culture to their offpsring, promote development of a positive ethnic-racial selfconcept, and prepare children for challenges associated with their race status. Types of socialization strategies include cultural socialization, preparation for bias, promotion of mistrust, egalitarism and silence about race. Research indicates similarities and differences across ethnic groups regarding the prevalence of these socialization strategies. The developmental benefits of ethnic-racial socialization practices depend on the type of socialization strategies that parents use. The consequences of race socialization for ethnic-racial minority children's adjustment also depend on individual and contextual factors. Knowledge of these socialization practices including their developmental implications can help teachers and social workers to enhance ethnic minority children's positive development in middle childhood. In addition to providing a definition of ethnic-racial socialization, the chapter expounds on the types of strategies parents of color use. It also discusses variation in the use of these strategies across subgroups (e.g., Black American, Latino, Asian American, Native American, Native Hawaiian, and multiracial). Furthermore, it explains the implications of these strategies for children's adjustment, particularly in middle childhood. The chapter concludes with identifying limitations of the current literature and making suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In myelofibrosis, pathologically enhanced extracellular matrix production due to aberrant cytokine signalling and clonal megakaryocyte functions result( s ) in impaired hemopoiesis. Disease progression is still determined by detecting reticulin and collagen fibrosis with Gomori's silver impregnation. Here, we tested whether the expression growth related biomarkers L-NGFR/CD271, phospho-ERK1-2 and CXCL12 can be linked to the functional activation of bone marrow stromal cells during primary myelofibrosis progression. Immunoscores for all tested biomarkers showed varying strength of positive statistical correlation with the silver impregnation based myelofibrosis grades. The intimate relationship between spindle shaped stromal cells positive for all three markers and aberrant megakaryocytes was likely to reflect their functional cooperation. L-NGFR reaction was restricted to bone marrow stromal cells and revealed the whole length of their processes. Also, L-NGFR positive cells showed the most intersections, the best statistical correlations with myelofibrosis grades and the strongest interrater agreements. CXCL12 reaction highlighted stromal cell bodies and a weak extracellular staining in line with its constitutive release. Phospho-ERK1-2 reaction showed a similar pattern to CXCL12 in stromal cells with an additional nuclear staining in agreement with its role as a transcription factor. Both p -ERK1-2 and CXCL12 were also expressed at a moderate level in sinus endothelial cells. Connexin 43 gap junction communication channels, known to be required for CXCL12 release to maintain stem cell niche, were also expressed progressively in the myelofibrotic stromal network as a support of compartmental functions. Our results suggest that, diverse growth related pathways are activated in the functionally coupled bone marrow stromal cells during myelofibrosis progression. L-NGFR expression can be a useful biological marker of stromal cell activation which deserves diagnostic consideration for complementing Gomori's silver impregnation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that this study received shared facilities from 3DHISTEC Ltd. AC has been both the employee of 3DHISTECH Ltd. and a PhD student at Semmelweis University under the Co-operative PhD Program funded by the Hungarian Ministry of Innovation. TK is Member of the Editorial Board regularly reviewing manuscripts for POR. TS is a PhD student at Semmelweis University which supports PhD students publications in POR. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Szekely, Krenacs, Maros, Bodor, Daubner, Csizmadia, Vrabely and Timar.)