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The study is a comparative analysis of labor market performance and income of different ethnic groups in Romania. Both census statistics and Labor Force Survey data show an increasing socioeconomic inequality along ethnicity. The majority of Roma live on the periphery of society, under very vulnerable conditions. Most of those who are employed are working in the secondary labor market, taking poorly paid, casual jobs. Although the gap from the average is incomparably smaller, the social positions of Hungarians are also worsening, which means less favorable job positions and lagging incomes. Another important conclusion of the analysis is that a significant part of the widening wage gap along ethnic lines can no longer be explained by the structural path dependency of discriminatory practices under socialist dictatorship. In our model of income distribution, those factors that reflect the traditionally disadvantegeous positions of Hungarians (eg. lower qualifications, fewer Hungarians in leading positions, etc.) were held constant.

This study briefly summarizes the major economic, sociological and anthropological theories on the relationship between ethnicity and economics, and examines how they can be applied to the economic situation of multi-ethnic Transylvania, and specifically the minority Hungarians, in its investigation. Following an institutionalist logic and a resource-based approach, two general questions are formulated, along separate paradigmatic trends: 1. How able is Romanian democracy and the development of its economic institutional system to exploit assets stemming from ethnic diversity? 2. What kind of cultural, structural and network resources do minority Hungarians possess, and to what extent and how do they succeed in utilizing them in the economy?, Erdélyi Társadalom - Social Science Journal

Based on a comparative research of three age cohorts, the study is dealing with the changing conditions of hiring and labor market success of Hungarian college graduates in Transylvania. It highlights the role of structural effects in the career potential of professionals with different social background, the differences between rural and urban career paths and finally, the changing career plans of the graduates for the future. The analysis is based on interviews and focus group discussions. The results show that the transformations which have taken place in the career habit of the graduates are socially differentiated; the graduate job market is highly segmented in a rural-urban context and, for the future, the willingness to migrate abroad is decreasing.

Using longitudinal data analysis and the results of a survey, this study is dealing with the changes in occupational structure and labour market demand in Transylvania. It highlights a quantitatively relevant picture about the structure of the labour market, employee recruiting procedures, labour force management, professional skills preferred by the employers. The results show a less significant occurrence of part-time work and an unchanged importance of personal networks in recruitment. In the evaluation of the potential employees, employers prefer trait attributes like adaptation and cooperation skills over job-specific instruction and professional experience.

The study is focused on the relationship between the educational system and the labor-market in the context of educational policy and structural changes that took place after the change of regimes. More precisely, the position on the labor market of young people who are just starting out on their carreers is going to be analyzed: the position of those, who have recently finished their studies at the Babeş-Bolyai University

This critical paper analyzes papers that appeared in the „Youth Public Life" heading of the New Youth Review, edited in Budapest. He especially concentrates on articles relevant for the situation of Hungarian youth abroad or youth politics abroad.

The study draws a quantitative picture about the institutional actors of the private sphere of the economy in the three Szekler counties after the political transformations, it introduces the longitudinal trends of business foundations, and presents statistics related to the viability of economic corporations. Observing the map designed to illustrate the number of enterprises per one thousand inhabitants it could be concluded that the differences perceived in the intensity of entrepreneurial activity in the various communes cannot only be explained by the unequal distribution of resources, but specific structural differences of society must also be taken into consideration. Models created to provide a more accurate picture show that more intense entrepreneurial activity is likely to be found in settlements located in the center of the county, with a better infrastructure, higher reproduction indicators, and with a more significant, better qualified population capable of work

This presentation is a kind of research report of a project run on behalf of the Ministry of Culture in Hungary. The financer was interested in a statistical data base regarding those institutes which concern Hungarian minorities’ cultural activity abroad Hungary