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Cryptops (Cryptops) datviensis sp. nov. Figs 2–4, 8, 9 Material examined. Holotype: Georgia, Imereti region, Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Tskaltubo Municipality, Datvi Cave (42°22'28.0"N 42°35'45.0"E), dark zone of cave, 8 August 2020, Eter Maghradze leg., 1 spm (IZISU TM-T-00001). Paratypes: same locality and collector: 1 spm (IZISU TM-T-00002), 3 November 2020, Eter Maghradze leg.; 1 spm (NHMW MY10321), 30 November 2020, Eter Maghradze leg. Diagnosis. A Cryptops species, about 2 cm long with antenna extending back to tergite 6; incomplete paramedian sutures on cephalic plate; anterior transverse suture on tergite 1; labrum tridentate; prefemur and femur of ultimate leg at least 4 times longer than wide, femur and tibia of ultimate leg lacking distal spinose processes; tibia with 7, tarsus 1 with 4 saw teeth. Description. Length 19 mm (holotype). In ethanol stored specimen, head pale yellow and trunk (including legs) whitish with pale yellow posteromedian parts of tergites (Fig. 2). Length and width of cephalic plate nearly equal (1.2 mm), posterior corners rounded, sides weakly convex outwards for much of their length; two paramedian sutures on cephalic plate are incomplete, expressed anteriorly and posteriorly up to one fourth of cephalic plate length only. Antennae 7 mm long (holotype), with 17 elongated articles; basal article stout, articles then gradually increasing in length to a maximum along articles 6–14 (ca 2 times longer than their width), then gradually shortening along articles 15–17. Articles 1–3 bearing strong setae of various length, these setae round proximal end of articles 4–5; from article 6, short fine setae form a fur-like covering. Clypeus well defined anteriorly, with a triangular group of about 16 setae (Fig. 4), about 10 of them arranged in line along the posterior border. Labrum with side-pieces notched at their medial angle, tridentate, although the middle tooth is shorter (Fig. 4). Forcipular coxosternum with anterior edge slightly rounded with weak median notch (Fig. 3). Coxosternum bearing only a few sparse, moderately long or short setae. Trochanteroprefemur scattered with long, fine setae. Tarsungulum long, slender. Apical claw of second maxilla with slender hook and a flange along its inner edge. Dorsal brush dense, running along distal two-thirds of article 3. Tergites 2–7 broader than long, tergites 8–19 longer than broad. Overlap of tergite 1 by cephalic plate hides complete anterior transverse suture. Tergites 2–20 with anterior transverse suture hidden by preceding tergite. Tergites 3–20 with longitudinal paramedian sutures; oblique lateral sutures on tergites 3–5. Tergite of ultimate legbearing segment slightly longer than wide, posterior margin rounded; shallow longitudinal median depression on its posterior half. Sternites sparsely scattered with moderately long, thin setae. Posterior margin of sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment rounded. Legs relatively long and slender. All tarsi strongly bipartite. All legs covered by sparse long setae, ventral face of tarsi with row of slender setae. Pair of accessory spurs half-length of pretarsus on legs 1–20. Ultimate leg of holotype (Fig. 8): prefemur 1.5 mm long, femur 1.2 mm, tibia 0.8 mm, tarsus 1 0.6 mm, tarsus 2 0.9 mm; prefemur and femur ca 4 times and 5 times longer than their maximal widths at distal ends, respectively. Robust setae on anterior, posterior and ventral sides of prefemur and femur, mostly slender setae on dorsal side; tibial and tarsal setae slender; 7 saw teeth on tibia, 4 on tarsus 1 (Fig. 9, the same situation on paratypes); inner margin of tarsus 2 a ridge. Apical claw well developed, without basal sensory spur. Coxopleural pore field elliptical, with ca 35–40 pores and 4–5 slender, short setae interspersed among the pores. Etymology. The specific name originates from the type locality. Distribution. The new species is known from the type locality only. Probably it can be found in the neighbouring caves., Published as part of Tuf, Ivan Hadrián, Barjadze, Shalva & Maghradze, Eter, 2022, The first troglobiotic cryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae) from the Caucasus, pp. 436-444 in Zootaxa 5205 (5) on pages 437-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7318477

Cryptops (Cryptops) datviensis sp. nov. from Datvi Cave in Georgia, is the first troglobiotic species of the genus Cryptops Leach, 1814 to be described from the Caucasus. The new species morphologically resembles the common epigean Caucasian species Cryptops caucasius Verhoeff, 1934, but differs in typical troglomorphic features, such as elongation of antennae and legs. A key to species of the genus Cryptops from the Caucasus is presented. A list of the invertebrates inhabiting Datvi Cave is provided.

Mimopidae is a monotypic family of scolopendromorph centipedes known only by its holotype until the recent rediscovery of Mimops orientalis from Qinling Mountain, China. Here we generated novel transcriptomic data for M. orientalis and analyzed them in conjunction with other scolopendromorph and centipede transcriptomes. We used a diversity of approaches, including analyzing three matrices with different occupancy thresholds and a diversity of phylogenetic methods, including concatenation and coalescent-based approaches. All our analyses supported a phylogenetic position of Mimopidae as sister group to all other scolopendromorphs with maximal support. This position contrasts with previous Sanger data for Mimopidae but provide stability to the scolopendromorph phylogeny, showing that the loss of eyes occurred in the common ancestor of the clade leading to Cryptopidae, Plutoniumidae and Scolopocryptopidae. Our analysis thus resolves a longstanding question in centipede evolution while providing a stable relationship for the least studied family of centipedes to date.

A new species of Cryptops, C. (Cryptops) legagussp. nov., occurs in caves in the Koanaka and Gcwihaba Hills in northwestern Botswana. Bayesian molecular phylogenetics using 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I corroborates a morphological assignment to the subgenus Cryptops and closest affinities to southern temperate species in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. The new species is not conspicuously modified as a troglomorph.

Eight specimens of a scolopendromorph centipede collected in Tokashiki Island and Minamidaito Island (both in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan) represent the first record of Cryptops (Cryptops) navis Chamberlin, 1930 from the islands of the Far East (i.e., Japanese Archipelago, Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan). This material also provides new details of the morphological variability of C. (C.) navis and the first data on natural habitats of C. (C.) navis, which previously was known only from soil samples from Singapore and China.

The taxonomic position of the monotypic Vietnamese genus Tonkinodentus Schileyko, 1992 (for T. lestes Schileyko, 1992) has been considered in the light of the first obtained molecular data. Both molecular (28S rRNA) and morphological data support the position of this extraordinary eye-less genus within the family Scolopendridae Leach, 1814, a sighted clade, and thus suggests the polyphyly of blind scolopendromorphs. The species diagnosis has been amended and color images of T. lestes provided for the first time.

57. Mimops orientalis Kraepelin, 190��3 Kraepelin 1903: 62���63, figs. 22���24 (as Mimops orientalis n. sp.) Type locality and specimens. China (Prov. Schensi [Shaanxi]). Bisher nur 1 Exemplar (Mus. Hamburg) [Until now only 1 specimen (Museum Hamburg).]. Dimensions. L��nge [length] 45 mm. Type material. Holotype (ZMH-A0000671). CHINA: ��� S��d Schensi ���, dd. 08.1903 (ca. 34��N; 108��70���E) Preservation. 1 jar. This specimen is presently on loan. Old type catalogue. Weidner (1960), p. 68, No. 52. Holotype. Taxonomic remarks. Note on file card: ���Jetzt: Typusgattung f��r Mimopidae Lewis, 2006. M. orientalis: Holotype ist das einzige Exemplar dieser Familie! [Holotype is the only specimen of this family!]���. Collection remarks. The georeference refers to the city of Xi���an, the capital of this provice. Note though that the specimen was collected in ���southern Shaanxi ���, which is more mountainous. Other remarks. For a long time, the holotype was the only known specimen of this family but recently Jiang et al. (2020) conducted a comprehensive study and sequenced additional specimens. They confirmed the validity of the family Mimopidae, however they did not re-examine the holotype for their morphological redescription of M. orientalis. Their identification relies on Lewis (2006) who had examined the original specimen. Current systematic position. Mimops orientalis Kraepelin, 1903., Published as part of Thofern, Detlef, Dup��rr��, Nadine & Harms, Danilo, 2021, An annotated type catalogue of the centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) held in the Zoological Museum Hamburg, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 4977 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4977.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819677, {"references":["Kraepelin, K. (1903) Revision der Scolopendriden. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 20, 276 pp.","Weidner, H. (1960) Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. III. Teil Chilopoda und Progoneata. Mitteilungen des Hamburger Zoologischen Museums Hamburg, 58, 57 - 104.","Jiang, C., Bai, Y., Shi, M. & Liu, J. (2020) Rediscovery and phylogenetic relationships of the scolopendromorph centipede Mimops orientalis Kraepelin, 1903 (Chilopoda): a monotypic species of Mimopidae endemic to China, for more than one century. ZooKeys, 932, 75 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 932.51461"]}

59. Plutonium zwierleini Cavanna, 1881 Cavanna 1881: 169���178 (as Plutonium zwierleini) Type locality and specimens. Hab[itat]. Sicilian? [Sicily, Italy] Un. spec. a Dom. Eq. Zwierlein anno 1878 prope Taorminam captum et in Mus. Florent servatum [One specimen collected by Zwierlein 1878 near Taormina and kept in the Museum Florence]. Dimensions. Long. max. fronte marg. pos. segm. ult. 100 mm [maximum length from the front edge to the ultimate segment 100 mm]. Lat. max. 10 mm [maximum width 10 mm]. Type material. Neotype (ZMH-A0000672). ITALY: Sicily, Palermo [ca. 38��06���N, 13��21���E]. Preservation. 1 jar: Label 1. Plutonium zwierleini Cavanna, G.H. Martens d. 16. V.1898, Palermo Sizilien; Label 2. Plutonium zwierleinii Cavanna (imprint: Zool. Museum Hamburg). Label 3; Scolopendromorpha: Cryptodiae: Plutoniuminae Plutonium zwierleini Cavanna NEOTYPE Sig. Shelley, 1996 (typewriting). Old type catalogue. Not listed. Type status. Shelley (1997: 103) designated the neotype. The ZMH file card reads: ���Verliehen [loan] 1971 an [to] R. E. Crabill, 1989 an [to] R.M., Label: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae: Plutoniuminae Plutonium zwierleini Cavanna NEOTYPE Sig. Shelley, 1996.��� Collection remarks. This type was donated by the German ornithologist Gustav Heinrich Martens (1842��� 1912). Current systematic position. Plutonium zwierleini Cavanna, 1881., Published as part of Thofern, Detlef, Dup��rr��, Nadine & Harms, Danilo, 2021, An annotated type catalogue of the centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) held in the Zoological Museum Hamburg, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 4977 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4977.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819677, {"references":["Cavanna, F. (1881) Nuovo genere (Plutonium) e nuova specie (P. zwierleini) di Scolopendridi. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 13, 169 - 178.","Shelley, R. M. (1997) The holarctic centipede subfamily Plutoniuminae (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae) (Nomen correctum ex subfamily Plutoniinae Bollman, 1893). Brimleyana, 24, 5 - 113."]}

55. Cryptops sulcatus Haase, 1887 Fig. 10C Haase 1887: 80, fig V, 83. (as Cryptops sulcata n. sp.) Type locality and specimens. Patria [homeland]: Australia. Es lagen die auch von Kohlrausch untersuchten St��cke des Mus. Hamburg (Mus. Godeffroy 14.943) aus Sidney und Rockhampton vor [The specimens of the Museum Hamburg [Museum Godeffroy 14,943] from Sydney and Rockhampton, examined by Kohlrausch, were also present.]. Dimensions. Long. corp. [body length] 26 mm. Type material. Syntype (ZMH-A0000668). AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Rockhampton, [ca. 23��22���S, 150��30���E]. Preservation. 1 jar: Label 1. Cryptops austra [lis] Mus. God. 53 Roc[khampton]; Label 2. Cryptops sulcata Haase, Orig. zu australis Kohlr. nec Newp. M.G. 14943 Rockhampton; Label 3. Cryptops haasei Att. sulcatus Haase (Orig. zu australis Kohlr) M.G. Rockhampton; Label 4. Cryptops vetustus Haase, Type (pencil). Godeffroy label 14943. Old type catalogue. Weidner (1960), p. 67, No. 39. Holotype. Taxonomic remarks. The nomenclature for this species is confusing. Kohlrausch (1881: 127) originally described 25 specimens from Sydney and Rockhampton from the Godeffroy collections as C. australis Newport, 1845. Haase (1887) disagreed and re-described these specimens as a new species C. sulcata Haase, 1887. Attems (1903a: 105) noted that this name was preoccupied and changed it to C. haasei Attems, 1903. Bonato et al. (2016) lists C. sulcatus as a replacement name for C. australis Kohlrausch, 1881 (which would also be a preoccupied name) but we emphasize that Kohlrausch never described the Godeffroy specimens as a new species and identified the samples as C. australis sensu Newport. A name C. australis Kohlrausch, 1881 was therefore never proposed and the present specimen is the type of C. sulcatus and not C. australis. Note also that Weidner lists ��� Cryptops australis Kohlrausch 1886 [sic!], 127 (nec. Newport 1845), Australien, Rockhampton, Holotype (Museum Godeffroy Nr. 14943)��� in his catalogue (p. 67) but also Cryptops sulcata Haase, 1887 for the same specimen (p. 68). It seems that he was aware of the name change. We treat the present specimen as a syntype because additional specimens from Rockhampton and Sydney were offered for sale in the Godeffroy Sales Catalogue VII (Schmeltz 1879: 82) and are likely present in other collections. Kohlrausch lists 20 specimens from Sydney and 5 from Rockhampton which were almost certainly sold to other museums. Collection remarks. The specimen was collected by Amalie Dietrich who collected in this region on behalf of the Godeffroy estate between 1864 and 1866 (Bischoff 1913). Current systematic position. Cryptops haasei (Attems, 1903); see Attems (1903a: 105)., Published as part of Thofern, Detlef, Dup��rr��, Nadine & Harms, Danilo, 2021, An annotated type catalogue of the centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) held in the Zoological Museum Hamburg, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 4977 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4977.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819677, {"references":["Haase, E. (1887) Die Indisch-Australischen Myriopoden. Pt. I. Chilopoden. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koniglichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 1, 1 - 118.","Weidner, H. (1960) Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. III. Teil Chilopoda und Progoneata. Mitteilungen des Hamburger Zoologischen Museums Hamburg, 58, 57 - 104.","Kohlrausch, E. (1881) Gattungen und Arten der Scolopendriden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 47, 50 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 13209","Attems, C. (1903 a) Beitrage zur Myriopodenkunde. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, 18, 63 - 154.","Bonato, L, Chagas Jr., A, Edgecombe, G. D., Lewis, J. G. E., Minelli, A, Pereira, L. A., Shelley, R. M., Stoev, P. & Zapparoli, M. (2016) ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available from: http: // chilobase. biologia. unipd. it (12 Feburary 2021)","Schmeltz, J. D. E. (1879) Museum Godeffroy. Catalog VII Wirbelthiere (Animalia vertebrata) und Nachtrage zu Catalog V & VI aus den ubrigen Thierklassen. L. Friedrichsen & Co., Hamburg, I - VII, 99 pp.","Bischoff, C. (1913) Amalie Dietrich - Ein Leben. Grotesche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin, 443 pp."]}

53. Cryptops hortensis pseudopunctatus Verhoeff, 190��1 Verhoeff 1901: 431 (as Cr. hortensis var. pseudopunctatus mihi.) Type locality and specimens. In Bosnien nicht selten [not rare in Bosnia.]. Dimensions. No data available. Type material. Syntyes 2 (ZMH-A0000667, ZMH-A0009232). BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: Herzegovina (region) [ca. 43��29���N, 17��49���E]. Preservation. 1 jar: Label 1. Crypt. horte. var. pseudopun . (pencil, handwriting); Label 2. Cryptops hortensis var. pseudopunctuatus Verh. Herzegowina, K.W. Verhoeff leg. vend. 6.III.1901. Old type catalogue. Weidner (1960), p. 67, No. 42. Paratypes 2. Type status. Weidner (1960: 67���68) listed 2 paratypes but we interprete these as syntypes because additional specimens are likely present in other collections. Collection remarks. The specimens were collected by Karl Wilhelm Verhoeff and he writes ��� in Bosnien nicht selten ��� (in Bosnia not rare) but does not provide additional data. Additional remarks. The specimens were purchased by the ZMH from the type series (Weidner 1960: 67). Current systematic position. Cryptops (Cryptops) hortensis pseudopunctatus Verhoeff, 1901., Published as part of Thofern, Detlef, Dup��rr��, Nadine & Harms, Danilo, 2021, An annotated type catalogue of the centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) held in the Zoological Museum Hamburg, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 4977 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4977.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819677, {"references":["Verhoeff, K. W. (1901) Beitrage zur Kenntnis palaarktischer Myriopoden. XVI. Aufsatz: zur vergleichenden Morphologie, Systematik und Geographie der Chilopoden. Abhandlungen der Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinisch Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher, Nova Acta, 77, 369 - 465.","Weidner, H. (1960) Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. III. Teil Chilopoda und Progoneata. Mitteilungen des Hamburger Zoologischen Museums Hamburg, 58, 57 - 104."]}

50��. Cryptops anomalans punicus Silvestri, 1896 Silvestri 1896: 151 (as Cryptops anomalans Newport, v. n. punicus) Type locality and specimens. Tunisi. Dimensions. No data available. Type material. Syntypes 2 (ZMH-A0000665, ZMH-A0009230). TUNISIA: Tunis [ca. 36��48N, 10��10���E]. Preservation. 1 jar: Label. Cryptops anomalans Newp. var. punicus Silv. ex. Typis Tunis 28.III.96. F. Silvestri d. VI.03. Old type catalogue. Weidner (1960), p. 67, No. 38. Paratypes 2. Taxonomic remarks. Attems (1930: 221���223) listed Cryptops anomalans var. punicus as a synonym of Cryptops anomalans Newport, 1844 but the taxon had previously been transferred to the genus Trigonocryptops by Br��lemann (1928), now a subgenus of Cryptops Leach, 1815, as the species T. punicus. See Akkari et al. (2008) for a full taxonomic history and a comprehensive redescription of the species. Current systematic position. Cryptops punicus Silvestri, 1896; see Br��lemann (1928)., Published as part of Thofern, Detlef, Dup��rr��, Nadine & Harms, Danilo, 2021, An annotated type catalogue of the centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) held in the Zoological Museum Hamburg, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 4977 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4977.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819677, {"references":["Silvestri, F. (1896) Una escursione in Tunisia (Symphyla Chilopoda Diplopoda). Naturalista Siciliano, 1 (Nuova Serie), 143 - 161.","Weidner, H. (1960) Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. III. Teil Chilopoda und Progoneata. Mitteilungen des Hamburger Zoologischen Museums Hamburg, 58, 57 - 104.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriapoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. 54, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin & Leipzig, 308 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783112373002","Brolemann, H. W. (1928) Notes sur quelques Cryptops (Myriapodes Chilopodes). Bulletin de la Societe d'histoire naturelle de Toulouse, 57, 249 - 260.","Akkari, N., Stoev, P. & Lewis, J. G. E. (2008) The scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha) of Tunesia: taxonomy, distributions and habitats. ZooKeys, 3, 77 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 3.51"]}

Thofern, Detlef, Dupérré, Nadine, Harms, Danilo (2021): An annotated type catalogue of the centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) held in the Zoological Museum Hamburg. Zootaxa 4977 (1): 1-103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4977.1.1

51. Cryptops brasiliensis Attems, 190��1 Attems 1901: 112 (as Cryptops brasiliensis n. sp.) Type locality and specimens. An verfaulten Bromeliaceen aus [on rotten bromeliads from] Rio Grande do Sul, Brasilien [Brazil]. Dimensions. L��nge [length] 23 mm, schlank [slim]. Type material. Holotype (ZMH-A0000677). BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul State [30��S, 53��W]. Preservation. 1 jar: Label 1. Cryptops galatheae Mein. Orig. zu Cr. Brasiliensis Att. Lebend aus Riogrand, mit Bromel. St. f. Pflschutz d. 1. II. 99. Label 2. Cryptops brasiliensis n. sp. (imprint: An verfaulten Bromeliaceen v. Rio Grande do Sul, Brasilien. St. f. Pflanzenschutz z. d. 1.11.99.) Old type catalogue. Weidner (1960), p. 67, No. 40. Holotype. Collection remarks. The specimen was found alive on rotten bromeliads (��� an verfaulten Bromeliaceen ���) at the ��� Station f��r Pflanzenschutz ��� in Hamburg and was shipped from the Brazilian state Rio Grande do Sul (Kraepelin, 1903). According to the ICZN (1999) (art. 76.1.1) the type locality is Rio Grande du Sul in Brazil. Current systematic position. Junior synonym of Cryptops galatheae (Meinert, 1886) according to Kraepelin (1903: 54)., Published as part of Thofern, Detlef, Dup��rr��, Nadine & Harms, Danilo, 2021, An annotated type catalogue of the centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) held in the Zoological Museum Hamburg, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 4977 (1) on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4977.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819677, {"references":["Attems, C. (1901) Neue durch den Schiffsverkehr in Hamburg eingeschleppte Myriopoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 18, 109 - 116.","Weidner, H. (1960) Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. III. Teil Chilopoda und Progoneata. Mitteilungen des Hamburger Zoologischen Museums Hamburg, 58, 57 - 104.","Kraepelin, K. (1903) Revision der Scolopendriden. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 20, 276 pp."]}

56. Cryptops triserratus Attems, 190��3 Attems 1903a: 107���108 (as Cryptops triserratus n. sp.) Type locality and specimens. Fundort [locality]: Valdivia [Chile] (MICHAELSEN coll.) Dimensions. L��nge ohne Analbeine [length without ultimate legs] 28 mm. Breite 2,5 mm [width 2.5 mm]. Type material. Holotype (ZMH-A0000676). CHILE: Valdivia [ca. 39��49���S, 73��14���W]. Type status. Attems only provided measurements for a single specimen and does not mention additional specimens. We agree with Weidner (1960: 68) who stated that the specimen at the ZMH was the holotype. Preservation. 1 jar: Label 1. Cryptops triserratus Att. Typus Valdivia, Michaelsen L. 18.IV.1893; Label 2. 36. Valdivia. Coll. Michaelsen. 18.IV.93 (imprint). Old type catalogue. Weidner (1960), p. 68, No. 44. Holotype. Collection remarks. The specimens were collected by Wilhelm Michaelsen during his expedition to the southern tip of South America 1892���93. Additional remarks. This species was listed in a checklist of Chilean centipedes with a complete list of literature references (Vega-Rom��n & Ruiz 2018). Current systematic position. Cryptops triserratus Attems, 1903., Published as part of Thofern, Detlef, Dup��rr��, Nadine & Harms, Danilo, 2021, An annotated type catalogue of the centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) held in the Zoological Museum Hamburg, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 4977 (1) on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4977.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819677, {"references":["Attems, C. (1903 a) Beitrage zur Myriopodenkunde. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, 18, 63 - 154.","Weidner, H. (1960) Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. III. Teil Chilopoda und Progoneata. Mitteilungen des Hamburger Zoologischen Museums Hamburg, 58, 57 - 104.","Vega-Roman, E. & Ruiz, V. H. (2018) Catalogue of Chilean centipedes (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Soil Organisms, 90, 27 - 37."]}

54. Cryptops setosior Chamberlin, 1959 Chamberlin 1959: 22���23 (2���3), fig. 3 (as Cryptops setosior n. sp.) Type locality and specimens. Locality.���Himalaya, Molta [India], el. 3,000 m. Three specimens taken May 20,195 6. Dimensions. Length 15 to 21 mm. Type material. Syntypes 3 (ZMH-A0000670, ZMH-A0009233-9234). INDIA: Uttarakhand, Molta (Himalayas) [30��28���52������N, 79��32���33������E] (3,000 m alt.). Preservation. 1 jar: Label 1. Cryptops setosior Ch.; Label 2. Ralph v. Chamberlin det. et publ. 1959; Label 3. Himalaya Molta 3000 m 20.5.56 (imprint); Label 4. D. Indien Exp. Nr. Eing. Nr. 1, 1956 (imprint). Old type catalogue. Weidner (1960), p. 68, No. 43. Syntypes 3. Collection remarks. The specimens were collected during the German Expedition to India 1955���58. Current systematic position. Cryptops setosior Chamberlin, 1959., Published as part of Thofern, Detlef, Dup��rr��, Nadine & Harms, Danilo, 2021, An annotated type catalogue of the centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) held in the Zoological Museum Hamburg, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 4977 (1) on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4977.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819677, {"references":["Chamberlin, R. V. (1959) Entomologische Ergebnisse der Deutschen Indien-Expedition 1955 - 1958. 1. On some chilopods from India. Entomologische Mitteilungen, 19, 21 - 24.","Weidner, H. (1960) Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. III. Teil Chilopoda und Progoneata. Mitteilungen des Hamburger Zoologischen Museums Hamburg, 58, 57 - 104."]}

The extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha are critically reviewed and provided with updated diagnoses and a new identification key; the most recent revisions of scolopendromorph genera are concisely summarised. Rhoda Meinert, 1886 and Cryptops (Chromatanops) Verhoeff, 1906 are suggested to be a junior synonyms of Scolopendropsis Brandt, 1841 and Cryptops (Cryptops) Leach, 1814, respectively. The subgeneric status is formally fixed for Cryptops (Paracryptops) Pocock, 1891 and Cormocephalus (Campylostigmus) Ribaut, 1923; the taxonomic status of the former genus Kanparka Waldock & Edgecombe, 2012 is discussed. As a result of synonymies, the number of scolopendromorph genera and subgenera is currently 37. The formal status of the former tribes Scolopendrini Leach, 1814, Asanadini Verhoeff, 1907 and Arrhabdotini Attems, 1930 is briefly discussed; the presence of the sexual dimorphism among the taxa of generic level is overviewed.

(!) Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) Verhoeff, 1906 Figs 26, 28, 32 Synonyms. Paratrigonocryptops Demange, 1963 Type species. Cryptops gigas Kraepelin, 1903 (by subsequent designation of Attems, 1930). Diagnosis. Clypeus with setose plate(s) delimited by sutures (Fig. 26, fig. 21 in Schileyko et al. 2018). Pretarsus of maxillae 2 apically pointed, with a ventral projection (as in C. (T.) hephaestus Ázara & Ferreira, 2013 see their fig. 6C) or without it (as in adult (Rc 7502) of C. (T.) sarasini furcatus (Ribaut, 1923)). Dorsal brush of maxilla 2 as long as or slightly longer than the corresponding pretarsus. Anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite bilobed, in most species with long enlarged marginal setae (Fig. 26); tarsungula long, overlapping each other by at least 1/3 of their length when adducted. Sternites (Fig. 32) with well-developed transverse thickening between coxae of legs; at least some anterior sternites with endosternites bordered by trigonal sutures, the configurations of these sutures may vary (see Schileyko et al. 2018). Anterior corners of the endosternite of some anterior sternites with lateral projections (Fig. 32). Number of species. 29 (Schileyko et al. 2018). Remarks. Treated as a subgenus in Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393), Murienne et al. (2011: 62), Ázara & Ferreira (2013: 432), Voigtländer & Reip (2013: 220), Bonato et al. 2016, Lewis (2016a: 575), Schileyko & Stoev (2016: 266), Schileyko et al. (2018: 567). Cryptops (Paratrigonocryptops) was synonymised to C. (Trigonocryptops) by Lewis (2005). Schileyko & Stoev (2016) considered the similarity between Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) and the nominate subgenus; they reconsidered the recent concept of the former, suggesting that (p. 267) “only species having anterior sternites with complete trigonal sutures and clypeus with setose plate(s) should be assigned to Trigonocryptops ”. Thus “ Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) iporangensis ” Ázara & Ferreira, 2013 should be Cryptops (C.) iporangensis as it has no sternal trigonal sutures. As for Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) similis described by Machado (1953) for four specimens from Southern Spain, it has sternal trigonal sutures that are typical for this subgenus, but there is no information on presence of clypeal setose plate(s) (see pp 85–87) and the corresponding figure III(2) is inadequate. Voigtländer & Reip (2013: 220) mentioned another specimen of Cryptops (T.) similis from Southern Spain but gave no information on the two diagnostic characters of this subgenus (see above). Thus inclusion of Cryptops (T.) similis in Trigonocryptops should be questionable at the moment., Published as part of Schileyko, Arkady A., Vahtera, Varpu & Edgecombe, Gregory D., 2020, An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4825 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4825.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4402145, {"references":["Demange, J. - M. (1963) Myriapodes recoltes en Nouvelle-Caledonie par M. Y. PLESSIS et description d'un cas teratologique. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Series 2, 35 (1), 85 - 89.","Kraepelin, K. (1903) Revision der Scolopendriden. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum Hamburg, 20 (2), 1 - 276.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriapoda 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter et Co. Publ., Berlin, 308 pp.","Schileyko, A., Iorio, E. & Coulis, M. (2018) A contribution to the knowledge of scolopendromorph centipedes of Martinique Island, with descriptions of two new species (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Zootaxa, 4486 (4), 559 - 574. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.4.9","De Azara, L. N. & Ferreira, R. L. (2013) The first troglobitic Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from South America and the description of a non-troglobitic species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (5), 432 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.5.2","Ribaut, H. (1923) Chilopodes de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et des Iles Loyalty. In: Sarasin, F. & Roux, J. (Eds.), Nova Caledonia, Recherches Scientifiques en Nouvelle-Caledonie et aux Iles Loyalty. A. Zoologie. Vol. 3 (1). C. W. Kreidel's Verlag, Berlin, Weisbaden, pp. 1 - 79.","Edgecombe, G. D. & Bonato, L. (2011) Chilopoda-taxonomic overview. Order Scolopendromorpha. In: Minelli, A. (Ed.), Treatise on Zoology-Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda. Vol. 1. Brill, Leiden, pp. 392 - 407.","Murienne, J., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2011) Comparative phylogeography of the centipedes Cryptops pictus and C. niuensis (Chilopoda) in New Caledonia, Fiji and Vanuatu. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 11, 61 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 011 - 0041 - 7","Voigtlander, K. & Reip, H. (2013) Morphological, taxonomical and ecological contributions to the chilopod fauna of Andalusia (Sierra de Grazalema and los Alcornocales), Spain. Graellsia, 69 (2), 217 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / graellsia. 2013. v 69.088","Bonato, L., Chagas-Junior, A., Edgecombe, G. D., Lewis, J. G. E., Minelli, A., Pereira, L. A., Shelley, R. M., Stoev, P. & Zapparoli, M. (2016) ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available from: http: // chilobase. biologia. unipd. it (accessed 2 August 2016)","Lewis, J. G. E. (2016 a) On the Cryptops subgenus Trichocryptops Verhoeff, 1937, with a discussion of the problems of differentiating Cryptops species (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae). Zootaxa, 4139 (4), 575 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.4.9","Schileyko, A. & Stoev, P. (2016) Scolopendromorpha of New Guinea and adjacent islands (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Zootaxa, 4147 (3), 247 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4147.3.3","Machado, A. (1953) Alguns Miriapodes de Espanha (colheitas de J. Mateu). Archivos Instituto de Aclimaticion, 1, 77 - 92."]}

Cryptops (Haplocryptops) Verhoeff, 1934 Type species. Cryptops (Haplocryptops) acapulcensis Verhoeff, 1934 (by monotypy). Diagnosis. Thin pretarsus of maxillae 2 slightly curved and pointed apically, without ventral projection (figs 64, 65 in Verhoeff 1934); dorsal brush of maxilla 2 composed of very short setae being considerably shorter than pretarsus. Anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite virtually straight (fig. 66 in Verhoeff 1934); tarsungula long, overlapping each other by at least 1/3 of their length when adducted. Number of species. 1. Remarks. Treated as a subgenus in Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393), Lewis (2016a: 575), Bonato et al. (2016). No information is available on clypeal setose plates, the configuration of sternal sutures/sulci, or the presence and shape of endosternites. At the moment the subgenus Haplocryptops is known only from the holotype of Cryptops (H.) acapulcensis and an incomplete (without ultimate legs) specimen from Jalisco (also Mexico) assigned to C. (H.) cf. acalpuncensis by Cupul-Magaña (2012). The subgeneric diagnosis provided by Edgecombe & Bonato’s (2011) attempted to distill characters regarded as diagnosis of Haplocryptops by Verhoeff (1934). It states (p. 393): “Second maxillary claw [=pretarsus] simple, pointed rather than with a ventral flange; dorsal brush on second maxillae composed of very short setae. Forcipular coxosternite lacking median suture”. The last sentence is not diagnostic because a bulk of species of the nominate subgenus do not exhibit this suture at all (Fig. 29). According to Verhoeff’s (1934) figure 65 the pretarsus of maxilla 2 in C. (H.) acapulcensis is actually pointed apically (not rounded as in some species of nominotypical subgenus) and has no rounded ventral process (“ventral flange”). This process (fig. 69 in Verhoeff 1934 and fig. 285 in Attems 1930) should be present in Palearctic species studied by Verhoeff (1934); who wrote (p. 40) “Diese Putzapparat fand ich bei allen unsern paläarctischen Arten in derselben Weise ausgebildet, nich dagegen bei der in Betracht kommenden mexicanischen Art …”. However as this structure is not characteristic for all species of Cryptops (Cryptops) and since it is also present in some species of Trigonocryptops (see above) it should not be used for separation of Haplocryptops. Also, according to the Verhoeff ‘s (1934) figures 64 and 65, the maxillary 2 dorsal brush of Haplocryptops seems to consist of remarkably short setae, the apical setae being much shorter than the pretarsus. However, as the length of the dorsal brush varies considerably among species of Cryptops (see Verhoeff’s and Attems’ drawings mentioned above) this condition cannot guarantee the definite separation of Haplocryptops. Cupul-Magaña (2012: 4) gave no data on structures/details of maxillae 2 in his specimen of C. (H.) acapulcensis. Summing up, the differences between Haplocryptops and the nominate subspecies seem to be minor and not significant, leaving us to doubt the validity of the former. However, we prefer to keep this subgenus until representative material from the type locality is studied. (!) Cryptops (Paracryptops) Pocock, 1891 stat. nov. Figs 27, 31 Type species. Paracryptops weberi Pocock, 1891 (by monotypy). Diagnosis. Clypeus without setose plates. Pretarsus of maxillae 2 slender, from slightly to strongly hooked apically, with (Fig. 31) or without ventral projection. Very dense dorsal brush (Fig. 31) visibly longer than (or as long as) pretarsus, consisting of tiny and virtually transparent setae. Anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite with short, blunt, apically slightly rounded lobes which have no chitinised margin; a few long setae placed at bases of these projections; sharply pointed tarsungula very short (Fig. 27), barely (or even not) overlapping each other when adducted. Sternites with well-developed transverse thickening between coxae of legs and with very wide and shallow incomplete longitudinal depression (not sulcus) at the place of median suture. Short endosternite well bordered by transverse suture, but in most LBS not visible, being covered by the following sternite. Number of species. 5 (Edgecombe & Bonato 2011: 395, Bonato et al. 2016). Remarks. The most recent morphological accounts on Paracryptops were given by Chagas-Jr and Shelley (2004: 3) and Schileyko (2007: 91). Treated as a genus in Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395). Based on both molecular and morphological results Vahtera et al. (2012a: 13) wrote that Paracryptops “nested within Cryptops ” without formalizing the new taxonomic stratus of the latter, although in their subsequent work (2012b) they treated Paracryptops as a genus again. Taking into consideration the unequivocal results obtained by Vahtera et al. (2012a), we propose this taxon to be a subgenus of Cryptops, i.e. C. (Paracryptops) Pocock, 1891 stat. nov. Seven adult specimens from Vietnam (Rc 6535, 6658, 7130, 7383, 7433) of C. (P.) indicus Silvestri, 1924 restudied by light microscopy show the pretarsus of maxillae 2 being slightly curved and lacking ventral projection(s) and sternal median suture being absent (an uncommon conditionin Cryptopidae), sometimes replaced by poorlydeveloped median sulcus., Published as part of Schileyko, Arkady A., Vahtera, Varpu & Edgecombe, Gregory D., 2020, An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4825 (1) on pages 20-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4825.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4402145, {"references":["Verhoeff, K. W. (1934) Beitrage zur Systematik und Geographie der Chilopoden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 66 (1 / 2), 1 - 112.","Edgecombe, G. D. & Bonato, L. (2011) Chilopoda-taxonomic overview. Order Scolopendromorpha. In: Minelli, A. (Ed.), Treatise on Zoology-Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda. Vol. 1. Brill, Leiden, pp. 392 - 407.","Lewis, J. G. E. (2016 a) On the Cryptops subgenus Trichocryptops Verhoeff, 1937, with a discussion of the problems of differentiating Cryptops species (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae). Zootaxa, 4139 (4), 575 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.4.9","Bonato, L., Chagas-Junior, A., Edgecombe, G. D., Lewis, J. G. E., Minelli, A., Pereira, L. A., Shelley, R. M., Stoev, P. & Zapparoli, M. (2016) ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available from: http: // chilobase. biologia. unipd. it (accessed 2 August 2016)","Schileyko, A., Iorio, E. & Coulis, M. (2018) A contribution to the knowledge of scolopendromorph centipedes of Martinique Island, with descriptions of two new species (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Zootaxa, 4486 (4), 559 - 574. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.4.9","Cupul-Magana, F. G. (2012) Los ciempies escutigeromorfos (Scutigeromorpha), escolopendromorfos (Scolopendromorpha) y geofilomorfos (Geophilomorpha) de la selva tropical caducifolia de la reserva de Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico. Insecta Mundi, 0208, 1 - 17.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriapoda 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter et Co. Publ., Berlin, 308 pp.","Schileyko, A. (2007) The scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos. Part 3. Arthropoda Selecta, 16 (2), 71 - 95.","Vahtera, V., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2012 a) Evolution of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): insight from an expanded sampling of molecular data. Cladistics, 28, 4 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2011.00361. x"]}

Family Cryptopidae Kohlrausch, 1881 Synonyms. Cryptopsidae in Machado (1953: 83) Diagnosis. Eyes absent. Labrum with a single median tooth (only in a few species of Cryptops (Cryptops) with two additional lateral teeth; Fig. 29). Slender pretarsus of maxillae 2 not pectinate, more or less curved (Figs 30, 31), pointed (figs 3C, 6C in Ázara & Ferreira 2013) or lobe-shaped (fig. 69 in Verhoeff 1934). Maxillary pretarsus in most species is accompanied by a ventral projection (“flange” sensu Edgecombe & Bonato 2011, Figs 30, 31) but never by accessory spine(s). Anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite in most species bilobed, with some long enlarged marginal setae (Fig. 26); rarely is this margin additionally chitinised or with short rounded projections (in Cryptops (Paracryptops), Fig. 27), but never with tooth-plates. Forcipular trochantero-prefemur never with process. Sternites never with paramedian sutures, but usually with “cruciform” sutures (Fig. 32), i.e. with well-developed transverse suture (sometimes with skeletal transverse ridge/thickening at its place) and with a single median longitudinal suture (more rarely sulcus) developed to varying degrees. 21 LBS; spiracles on macrosegments except for LBS 7; spiracles open, lacking flaps (fig. 4 A in Vahtera et al. 2012b). Ultimate LBS considerably shorter than the penultimate one; coxopleuron without a process. Tarsal articles of locomotory legs (Fig. 26) in most species fused in a solid tarsus (with or without visible traces of an articulation between them); legs lack both tibial and tarsal spurs. Relatively short ultimate legs (Fig. 28) of “pocket knife” shape (sensu Schileyko 2009) forming a kind of clasping apparatus, their femur (not always), tibia and tarsus 1 in overwhelming majority of species with characteristic saw teeth, pretarsus not enlarged. Prefemur of the ultimate legs without processes (spinous ones or saw teeth), sometimes with short enlarged setae (Fig. 28). Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393) also wrote: “Median cluster of sensilla coeloconica on clypeal part of epipharynx rhomboid, with lids covering the distal edge of the sensilla… Gizzard with stiff anteriorly-directed projections; projections without a distinct kink near their midlength”. Number of subtaxa. 1 genus, 4 subgenera. Sexual dimorphism. Unknown. Range. All tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions. Remarks. Treated as a family in Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393), Vahtera et al. (2012a: 6), Edgecombe et al. (2012: 770), Lewis (2013: 1), Lewis (2016a: 575), Stojanović, Mitić & Makarov (2019: 21). Edgecombe and Bonato (2011: 393) divided this family into two closely related genera— Cryptops and Paracryptops, and Vahtera et al. (2012a: 13) suggested (without formalizing; see below) the latter to be a synonym of the former; so at the moment this family is monotypic. According to both Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393) and Lewis (2016a: 575) the genus Cryptops comprises four subgenera: Cryptops (Cryptops), Trigonocryptops Verhoeff, 1906, Haplocryptops Verhoeff, 1934 and Chromatanops Verhoeff, 1906, but we regard the latter to be a synonym of Cryptops (Cryptops) (see below). There is certain confusion concerning structure of the pretarsus of maxillae 2 in this family (i.e. in genus Cryptops). Attems (1930: 7) only wrote that this structure is “schlank” (slim/slender) and gave a drawing (fig. 285) of a slightly[!] curved and apically pointed claw accompanied by a well-developed and apically rounded ventral projection. In 1934 Verhoeff, describing the new subgenus C. (Haplocryptops), noted two types of maxillary pretarsus in Cryptops (see below). Recent authors (Edgecombe & Koch 2008: 883, Koch et al. 2010: 77, Edgecombe & Bonato 2011: 393) describe this pretarsus only as a “hook-like and flanged”, confirming these terms by corresponding drawings or SEMs (Figs 30, 31). We note, however, that this character is not stable in Cryptops, not even being subgenus-specific as five adults of C. (C.) caucasius Verhoef, 1934 (Rc 6430, 8004) and two adults of C. (C.) anomalans Newport, 1844 (Rc 7450) show this pretarsus to be slightly curved (i.e. not hooked), apically pointed and lacking any ventral projection (see also Remarks to C. (Paracryptops) below). Thus there should be at least four types of this pretarsus in Cryptopidae: 1. slightly curved, apically pointed, without ventral projection, 2. slightly curved, apically pointed, with ventral projection, 3. slightly curved, lobe-shaped, with ventral projection, 4. hooklike, with ventral projection. (!) Cryptops (Cryptops) Leach, 1814 Figs 29, 30 Synonyms. C. (Trichocryptops) Verhorff, 1937 Type species. Scolopendra hortensis Donovan, 1810 (by monotypy). Diagnosis. Clypeus in overwhelming majority of species without setose plate(s) delimited by sutures (Fig. 29). Pretarsus of maxillae 2 more or less curved (sometimes hooked, Fig. 30), apically either pointed (fig. 285 in Attems 1930) or lobe-shaped (fig. 69 in Verhoeff 1934). Pretarsus in most species is accompanied by a ventral projection (Fig. 30). Dorsal brush of maxilla 2 longer (sometimes slightly shorter) than corresponding pretarsus. Anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite virtually straight or bilobed (Fig. 29), in most species with long enlarged marginal setae; tarsungula long, overlapping each other by at least 1/3 of their length when adducted (Fig. 29). Sternites in most species (and in most specimens within these species) with “cruciform” sutures (see above) of which a median longitudinal one may be not well-developed (rarely virtually absent) plus an additional posterior transverse suture (but never with trigonal sutures; see also Diagnosis of C. (Trigonocryptops) below). Anterior corners of the endosternites without the lateral projections in the majority of species. Number of species. “More than 170 species in four subgenera” (Edgecombe & Bonato 2011: 393), 181 (Bonato et al. 2016). Remarks. Present as genus and nominate subgenus in Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393), Lewis (2011: 12), Murienne et al. (2011: 62), Voigtländer & Reip (2013: 220), Schileyko (2014: 183), Schileyko & Stoev (2016: 262), Lewis (2016a: 575), Bonato et al. (2016). Lewis (2016a) synonymised Cryptops (Trichocryptops) to Cryptops (Cryptops). (!) Cryptops (Cryptops) Leach, 1814 Figs 29, 30 Synonyms. C. (Trichocryptops) Verhorff, 1937 Type species. Scolopendra hortensis Donovan, 1810 (by monotypy). Diagnosis. Clypeus in overwhelming majority of species without setose plate(s) delimited by sutures (Fig. 29). Pretarsus of maxillae 2 more or less curved (sometimes hooked, Fig. 30), apically either pointed (fig. 285 in Attems 1930) or lobe-shaped (fig. 69 in Verhoeff 1934). Pretarsus in most species is accompanied by a ventral projection (Fig. 30). Dorsal brush of maxilla 2 longer (sometimes slightly shorter) than corresponding pretarsus. Anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite virtually straight or bilobed (Fig. 29), in most species with long enlarged marginal setae; tarsungula long, overlapping each other by at least 1/3 of their length when adducted (Fig. 29). Sternites in most species (and in most specimens within these species) with “cruciform” sutures (see above) of which a median longitudinal one may be not well-developed (rarely virtually absent) plus an additional posterior transverse suture (but never with trigonal sutures; see also Diagnosis of C. (Trigonocryptops) below). Anterior corners of the endosternites without the lateral projections in the majority of species. Number of species. “More than 170 species in four subgenera” (Edgecombe & Bonato 2011: 393), 181 (Bonato et al. 2016). Remarks. Present as genus and nominate subgenus in Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393), Lewis (2011: 12), Murienne et al. (2011: 62), Voigtländer & Reip (2013: 220), Schileyko (2014: 183), Schileyko & Stoev (2016: 262), Lewis (2016a: 575), Bonato et al. (2016). Lewis (2016a) synonymised Cryptops (Trichocryptops) to Cryptops (Cryptops)., Published as part of Schileyko, Arkady A., Vahtera, Varpu & Edgecombe, Gregory D., 2020, An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4825 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4825.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4402145, {"references":["Machado, A. (1953) Alguns Miriapodes de Espanha (colheitas de J. Mateu). Archivos Instituto de Aclimaticion, 1, 77 - 92.","De Azara, L. N. & Ferreira, R. L. (2013) The first troglobitic Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from South America and the description of a non-troglobitic species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (5), 432 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.5.2","Verhoeff, K. W. (1934) Beitrage zur Systematik und Geographie der Chilopoden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 66 (1 / 2), 1 - 112.","Edgecombe, G. D. & Bonato, L. (2011) Chilopoda-taxonomic overview. Order Scolopendromorpha. In: Minelli, A. (Ed.), Treatise on Zoology-Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda. Vol. 1. Brill, Leiden, pp. 392 - 407.","Vahtera, V., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2012 b) Spiracle structure in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) and its contribution to phylogenetics. Zoomorphology, 131, 225 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 012 - 0157 - 0","Schileyko, A. (2009) Ectonocryptoides sandrops - a new scolopendromorph centipede from Belize. Soil Organisms, 81 (3), 519 - 530.","Vahtera, V., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2012 a) Evolution of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): insight from an expanded sampling of molecular data. Cladistics, 28, 4 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2011.00361. x","Edgecombe, G. D., Vahtera, V., Stock, S. R., Kallonen, A., Xiao, X., Rack, A. & Giribet, G. (2012) A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 768 - 786. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00860. x","Lewis, J. G. E. (2013) A review of the species of the genus Cryptops Leach, 1815 from the Old World and Australasian region related to Cryptops (Cryptops) doriae Pocock, 1891 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae). Zootaxa, 3683 (1), 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3683.1.1","Lewis, J. G. E. (2016 a) On the Cryptops subgenus Trichocryptops Verhoeff, 1937, with a discussion of the problems of differentiating Cryptops species (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae). Zootaxa, 4139 (4), 575 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.4.9","Stojanovic, D. Z., Mitic, B. M. & Makarov, S. E. (2019) Bifurcation of an ultimate leg in Cryptops parisi Brolemann, 1920 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 28 (1), 21 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 28.1.03","Attems, C. (1930) Myriapoda 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter et Co. Publ., Berlin, 308 pp.","Edgecombe, G. D. & Koch, M. (2008) Phylogeny of scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda): morphological analysis featuring characters from the peristomatic area. Cladistics, 24, 872 - 901. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2008.00220. x","Koch, M., Edgecombe, G. D. & Shelley, R. M. (2010) Anatomy of Ectonocryptoides (Scolopocryptopidae: Ectonocryptopinae) and the phylogeny of blind Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda). International Journal of Myriapodology, 3, 51 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187525410 X 12578602960344","Bonato, L., Chagas-Junior, A., Edgecombe, G. D., Lewis, J. G. E., Minelli, A., Pereira, L. A., Shelley, R. M., Stoev, P. & Zapparoli, M. (2016) ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available from: http: // chilobase. biologia. unipd. it (accessed 2 August 2016)","Lewis, J. G. E. (2011) A review of the species of the genus Cryptops Leach, 1815 from the Old World related to Cryptops (Cryptops) hortensis (Donovan, 1810) (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha). International Journal of Myriapodology, 4, 11 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / ijm. 4.1116","Murienne, J., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2011) Comparative phylogeography of the centipedes Cryptops pictus and C. niuensis (Chilopoda) in New Caledonia, Fiji and Vanuatu. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 11, 61 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 011 - 0041 - 7","Voigtlander, K. & Reip, H. (2013) Morphological, taxonomical and ecological contributions to the chilopod fauna of Andalusia (Sierra de Grazalema and los Alcornocales), Spain. Graellsia, 69 (2), 217 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / graellsia. 2013. v 69.088","Schileyko, A. (2014) A contribution to the centipede fauna of Venezuela (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Zootaxa, 3821 (1), 151 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3821.2.1","Schileyko, A. & Stoev, P. (2016) Scolopendromorpha of New Guinea and adjacent islands (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Zootaxa, 4147 (3), 247 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4147.3.3"]}

Family Plutoniumidae Bollman, 1893 Synonyms. Theatopidae Verhoeff, 1906; Theatopinae Verhoeff, 1906; Theatopsidae Verhoeff, 1907. Diagnosis. Eyes absent, light/depigmented spots at their place (Fig. 34). Labrum with a single median tooth. Slender pretarsus of maxillae 2 (Fig. 35) not pectinate, consisting of two well-distinguishable parts (darker basal and a semi-transparent apical ones), curved and pointed apically. Pretarsus (at least in Theatops) is accompanied by welldeveloped ventral projection (Fig. 35) which is of the same shape as pretarsus but visibly thinner and shorter (sometimes nearly as long as it; see below); it is never accompanied by accessory spine(s). Anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite with well-developed tooth-plates (Fig. 36), forcipular trochantero-prefemur with simple processes of various length. Sternites with a single longitudinal median suture, developed to varying degrees (hardly visible in some Theatops). 21 LBS; spiracles (figs 1AB in Vahtera et al. 2012b) on LBS 2–20 or on macrosegments only (if so LBS 7 with or without spiracles). Ultimate LBS considerably elongated with ultimate tergite nearly twice as long the penultimate one. Coxopleuron virtually without process (Fig. 37), sometimes with a single spine at its place. Tarsus of legs 1–19 monopartite; legs with two tibial spurs and one tarsal spur. Ultimate legs forcipulate (Figs 33, 37), swollen, strongly sclerotized, truly “pincer-shaped” (sensu Schileyko 2009) with all articles much shortened and enlarged, excluding falcate pretarsus which is considerably elongated being at least as long as corresponding tarsus 2 (or much longer; see below). Dorsal and medial surface of both prefemur and femur flat, these articles with or without (Fig. 37) ventral spines. Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395) also wrote: “Poison calyx extending into the forcipular coxosternite… Gizzard with stiff anteriorly/directed projections; projections evenly curved, covered by multifurcating scales that spirally encircle the projection, branching into slender, needle-like spines”. Number of subtaxa. 2 genera. Sexual dimorphism. Unknown. Range. Southern Europe (Southern Iberian Peninsula, Southern Italian Peninsula, Balkan Peninsula, Sardinia, Sicily); South-West, East and South-East of USA, Northern Mexico; Central China (Sichuan, Hunan, Gansu). Remarks. Treated as a family in Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395), Edgecombe et al. (2012: 770), Vahtera et al. (2012a: 9, 2012b: 229, 2013: 580), Bonato et al. (2017: 2). (!) Plutonium Cavanna, 1881 Type species. Plutonium zwierleini Cavanna, 1881 (by monotypy). Diagnosis. LBS 2–20 with spiracles (figs 5 EG in Bonato et al. 2017). Coxopleuron lacks spine at the place of corresponding process. Prefemur and femur of the ultimate legs lacking spines; pretarsus much longer than tarsal articles taken together and “expanding ventrally in a sclerotized ridge” (Bonato et al. 2017: 11) i.e. blade-like. Number of species. 1. Remarks. Treated as a genus in Di et al. (2010: 51), Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395), Bonato et al. (2017: 1); not included in Vahtera et al. (2012a). The most recent morphological account on Plutonium — Bonato et al. (2017) —lacks information on structure of maxillae 2. As for possible non-monophyly of Plutonium, we agree with Di et al. (2010: 55) who wrote: ”In Plutoniumidae, the morphological analyses … retrieved Theatops as a paraphyletic group, i.e., Plutonium is nested within Theatops... A three-genus classification … would increase paraphyly rather than lessen it... We do not place Plutonium in synonymy under Theatops, which would eliminate non-monophyletic taxa from Plutoniumidae …”. That suggestion was confirmed partially by Bonato et al. (2017: 17), who noted that their molecular data did “not decisively favour any of the two alternative hypotheses: (1) Plutonium and Theatops represent two separate lineages, which is consistent with a previous hypothesis elaborated on morphological similarities (Shelley, 1997) and in agreement with current taxonomy, (2) Plutonium is a derived lineage within Theatops, which is supported also by previous cladistic analyses on morpho-anatomical data”. Because of its unique segmental distribution of the spiracles, we think that Plutonium should be kept as a genus at the moment. (!) Theatops Newport, 1844 Figs 33–37 Type species. Cryptops posticus Say, 1821 (by subsequent designation). Diagnosis. Spiracles (figs 1AB in Vahtera et al. 2012b, fig. 5 F in Bonato et al. 2017) on macrosegments, LBS 7 with or without spiracles. Coxopleuron (Fig. 37) usually with a spine at the place of corresponding process. Prefemur and femur of the ultimate legs (Figs 33, 37) with or without spines; pretarsus not shorter than corresponding tarsus 2 (in T. posticus (Say, 1821) longer than the two tarsal articles together), circular in cross section (i.e. not blade-like ventrally). Number of species. 6 (Bonato et al. 2016). Remarks. Treated as a genus in Di et al. (2010: 51), Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395), Vahtera et al. (2012a: 5), Bonato et al. (2017: 1). Edgecombe & Koch (2008: 894) described the pretarsus of maxillae 2 in both T. erythrocephalus (C.L. Koch, 1847) and T. posticus as “two curved processes, one above the other”. The most recent account on Theatops — Di et al. (2010) —contains no information on structure of maxillae 2. A re-studied adult (Rc 6489) of T. spinicaudus Wood, 1862 demonstrates not “two curved processes” but a pretarsus and a much shorter ventral projection (see also Diagnosis of Plutoniumidae above) whereas in two adults (Rc 6488, 6493) of T. posticus the ventral projection is nearly as long as the pretarsus. (!) Plutonium Cavanna, 1881 Type species. Plutonium zwierleini Cavanna, 1881 (by monotypy). Diagnosis. LBS 2–20 with spiracles (figs 5 EG in Bonato et al. 2017). Coxopleuron lacks spine at the place of corresponding process. Prefemur and femur of the ultimate legs lacking spines; pretarsus much longer than tarsal articles taken together and “expanding ventrally in a sclerotized ridge” (Bonato et al. 2017: 11) i.e. blade-like. Number of species. 1. Remarks. Treated as a genus in Di et al. (2010: 51), Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395), Bonato et al. (2017: 1); not included in Vahtera et al. (2012a). The most recent morphological account on Plutonium — Bonato et al. (2017) —lacks information on structure of maxillae 2. As for possible non-monophyly of Plutonium, we agree with Di et al. (2010: 55) who wrote: ”In Plutoniumidae, the morphological analyses … retrieved Theatops as a paraphyletic group, i.e., Plutonium is nested within Theatops... A three-genus classification … would increase paraphyly rather than lessen it... We do not place Plutonium in synonymy under Theatops, which would eliminate non-monophyletic taxa from Plutoniumidae …”. That suggestion was confirmed partially by Bonato et al. (2017: 17), who noted that their molecular data did “not decisively favour any of the two alternative hypotheses: (1) Plutonium and Theatops represent two separate lineages, which is consistent with a previous hypothesis elaborated on morphological similarities (Shelley, 1997) and in agreement with current taxonomy, (2) Plutonium is a derived lineage within Theatops, which is supported also by previous cladistic analyses on morpho-anatomical data”. Because of its unique segmental distribution of the spiracles, we think that Plutonium should be kept as a genus at the moment. (!) Theatops Newport, 1844 Figs 33–37 Type species. Cryptops posticus Say, 1821 (by subsequent designation). Diagnosis. Spiracles (figs 1AB in Vahtera et al. 2012b, fig. 5 F in Bonato et al. 2017) on macrosegments, LBS 7 with or without spiracles. Coxopleuron (Fig. 37) usually with a spine at the place of corresponding process. Prefemur and femur of the ultimate legs (Figs 33, 37) with or without spines; pretarsus not shorter than corresponding tarsus 2 (in T. posticus (Say, 1821) longer than the two tarsal articles together), circular in cross section (i.e. not blade-like ventrally). Number of species. 6 (Bonato et al. 2016). Remarks. Treated as a genus in Di et al. (2010: 51), Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395), Vahtera et al. (2012a: 5), Bonato et al. (2017: 1). Edgecombe & Koch (2008: 894) described the pretarsus of maxillae 2 in both T. erythrocephalus (C.L. Koch, 1847) and T. posticus as “two curved processes, one above the other”. The most recent account on Theatops — Di et al. (2010) —contains no information on structure of maxillae 2. A re-studied adult (Rc 6489) of T. spinicaudus Wood, 1862 demonstrates not “two curved processes” but a pretarsus and a much shorter ventral projection (see also Diagnosis of Plutoniumidae above) whereas in two adults (Rc 6488, 6493) of T. posticus the ventral projection is nearly as long as the pretarsus. (!) Theatops Newport, 1844 Figs 33–37 Type species. Cryptops posticus Say, 1821 (by subsequent designation). Diagnosis. Spiracles (figs 1AB in Vahtera et al. 2012b, fig. 5 F in Bonato et al. 2017) on macrosegments, LBS 7 with or without spiracles. Coxopleuron (Fig. 37) usually with a spine at the place of corresponding process. Prefemur and femur of the ultimate legs (Figs 33, 37) with or without spines; pretarsus not shorter than corresponding tarsus 2 (in T. posticus (Say, 1821) longer than the two tarsal articles together), circular in cross section (i.e. not blade-like ventrally). Number of species. 6 (Bonato et al. 2016). Remarks. Treated as a genus in Di et al. (2010: 51), Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395), Vahtera et al. (2012a: 5), Bonato et al. (2017: 1). Edgecombe & Koch (2008: 894) described the pretarsus of maxillae 2 in both T. erythrocephalus (C.L. Koch, 1847) and T. posticus as “two curved processes, one above the other”. The most recent account on Theatops — Di et al. (2010) —contains no information on structure of maxillae 2. A re-studied adult (Rc 6489) of T. spinicaudus Wood, 1862 demonstrates not “two curved processes” but a pretarsus and a much shorter ventral projection (see also Diagnosis of Plutoniumidae above) whereas in two adults (Rc 6488, 6493) of T. posticus the ventral projection is nearly as long as the pretarsus., Published as part of Schileyko, Arkady A., Vahtera, Varpu & Edgecombe, Gregory D., 2020, An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4825 (1) on pages 23-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4825.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4402145, {"references":["Vahtera, V., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2012 b) Spiracle structure in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) and its contribution to phylogenetics. Zoomorphology, 131, 225 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 012 - 0157 - 0","Schileyko, A. (2009) Ectonocryptoides sandrops - a new scolopendromorph centipede from Belize. Soil Organisms, 81 (3), 519 - 530.","Edgecombe, G. D. & Bonato, L. (2011) Chilopoda-taxonomic overview. Order Scolopendromorpha. In: Minelli, A. (Ed.), Treatise on Zoology-Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda. Vol. 1. Brill, Leiden, pp. 392 - 407.","Edgecombe, G. D., Vahtera, V., Stock, S. R., Kallonen, A., Xiao, X., Rack, A. & Giribet, G. (2012) A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 768 - 786. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00860. x","Vahtera, V., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2012 a) Evolution of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): insight from an expanded sampling of molecular data. Cladistics, 28, 4 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2011.00361. x","Vahtera, V., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2013). Phylogenetics of scolopendromorph centipedes: can denser taxon sampling improve an artificial classification? Invertebrate Systematics, 27 (5), 578 - 602. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 13035","Bonato, L., Orlando, M., Zapparoli, M., Fusco, G. & Bortolin, F. (2017) New insights into Plutonium, one of the largest and least known European centipedes (Chilopoda): distribution, evolution and morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 20, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlw 026","Di, Z., Cao, Z., Wu, Y., Yin, S., Edgecombe, G. D. & Li, W. (2010) Discovery of the centipede family Plutoniumidae (Chilopoda) in Asia: a new species of Theatops from China, and the taxonomic value of spiracle distributions in Scolopendromorpha. Zootaxa, 2667 (1), 51 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2667.1.4","Shelley, R. M. (1997) The Holarctic centipede subfamily Plutoniuminae (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae) (nomen correctum ex subfamily Plutoniinae Bollman, 1893). Brimleyana, 24, 51 - 113.","Bonato, L., Chagas-Junior, A., Edgecombe, G. D., Lewis, J. G. E., Minelli, A., Pereira, L. A., Shelley, R. M., Stoev, P. & Zapparoli, M. (2016) ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available from: http: // chilobase. biologia. unipd. it (accessed 2 August 2016)","Schileyko, Ark. A. (1992) Scolopenders of Vietnam and some aspects of the system of Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda Epimorpha) Part 1. Arthropoda Selecta, 1 (1), 5 - 19.","Edgecombe, G. D. & Koch, M. (2008) Phylogeny of scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda): morphological analysis featuring characters from the peristomatic area. Cladistics, 24, 872 - 901. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2008.00220. x"]}

Cryptops (Chromatanops) Verhoeff, 1906 Type species. Cryptops bivittatus Pocock, 1893 (by monotypy). Number of species: 1. Remarks. Treated as a subgenus in Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393), Lewis (2016a: 575). Both Chagas-Jr et al. (2014: 142) and Bonato et al. (2016) regarded C. bivittatus (the only species of Chromatanops) as a member of Cryptops, but at the same time Bonato et al. (2016) included Chromatanops as a subgenus of Cryptops. Pocock (1893: 462) described Cryptops bivittatus from “ St. Vincent ” by the only[?] specimen with “Length about 15.5 mm”. The original description is rather short and unillustrated. No information is available on clypeal setose plates, either the pretarsus or dorsal brush of maxillae 2, or length of the tarsungula. According to the original description (p. 462) the anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite is “straight and furnished with 6 bristles” and sternites are “furnished with the ordinary cross-shaped sulci [=sutures]”. In 1903 Kraepelin (who listed two “Exemplare aus Costa Rica und Columbien” at hand) confirmed Pocock’s description in virtually all details; in particular he wrote (p. 50) that sternites are with “starken Längs- and schwachen Querfurchen”. In 1906 Verhoeff established the subgenus Chromatanops (for C. bivittatus only) herewith he surprisingly noted an absence [!] of sternal transverse thickening between coxae of legs (“Hauptsternite ohne innere Verdickungsleisten”; pp 289–290), in contrast to Pocock’s and Kraepelin’s data on presence of the sternal transverse suture (see above). He also noted an absence of sternal trigonal sutures (“Keine Sternitdreiecke”) and not definitely bordered endosternites (“Endosternite nicht sharf abgegrenzt”) (p. 290). In his short (and unillustrated) diagnosis Verhoeff gave no important morphological details that may be used for separation of his “new subgenus”. However he copied Pocock’s and Kraepelin’s data on presence of tergal accumulations of dark pigment (“Körper mit schwartzen, in Längsstreifen angeordneten Pigmentmassen”; p. 390), a character he apparently regarded as diagnostic for his new taxon (this idea is confirmed by the name “ Chromatanops ”). Other data on this mysterious Cryptops are scant, contained in Chamberlin (1922: 3), Attems (1930: 243), Bücherl (1942: 324), Kraus (1957: 387) and Chagas-Jr et al. (2014: 142). Of these only Attems gave a short morphological account, albeit reproducing data of three previous authors. Original data on the geographic distribution of “ Cryptops (Chromatanops) bivittatus ” (6 new localities from Peru) were presented by Kraus (1957), whereas the other three authors just copied the previous faunistic data. As for Verhoeff’s (1906) “diagnostic” dark coloration of his “ Chromatanops ”, we can state that it is of minor taxonomic value in Cryptops; Schileyko (2007: 88) wrote about pigmentation in Vietnamese material (150 specimens) of C. doriae Pocock, 1891: “… about 40 % of specimens showing inner accumulations of dark pigment … This dark pattern is much better visible dorsally, sometimes also laterally and, much more rarely, ventrally”. Schileyko’s data were confirmed by Lewis (2009) who analysed in detail a variability of some morphological characters, traditionally used in taxonomy of Cryptops (Cryptops) (p. 506): “To summarise, some species always exhibit the [dark] pigmentation; some may or may not exhibit it and others … are not pigmented”. Thus, this character may vary in Cryptops even intraspecifically, so it cannot be used for separation of any subtaxa in this genus. Summing up, as there are no reliable diagnostic characters to confirm Chromatanops as a subgenus, so Cryptops (Chromatanops) Verhoeff, 1906 is considered a junior synonym of Cryptops Leach, 1814 syn. nov. and Cryptops (Chromatanops) bivittatus Pocock, 1893 should be Cryptops (Cryptops) bivittatus Pocock, 1893 stat. nov. (!) Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) Verhoeff, 1906 Figs 26, 28, 32 Synonyms. Paratrigonocryptops Demange, 1963 Type species. Cryptops gigas Kraepelin, 1903 (by subsequent designation of Attems, 1930). Diagnosis. Clypeus with setose plate(s) delimited by sutures (Fig. 26, fig. 21 in Schileyko et al. 2018). Pretarsus of maxillae 2 apically pointed, with a ventral projection (as in C. (T.) hephaestus Ázara & Ferreira, 2013 see their fig. 6C) or without it (as in adult (Rc 7502) of C. (T.) sarasini furcatus (Ribaut, 1923)). Dorsal brush of maxilla 2 as long as or slightly longer than the corresponding pretarsus. Anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite bilobed, in most species with long enlarged marginal setae (Fig. 26); tarsungula long, overlapping each other by at least 1/3 of their length when adducted. Sternites (Fig. 32) with well-developed transverse thickening between coxae of legs; at least some anterior sternites with endosternites bordered by trigonal sutures, the configurations of these sutures may vary (see Schileyko et al. 2018). Anterior corners of the endosternite of some anterior sternites with lateral projections (Fig. 32). Number of species. 29 (Schileyko et al. 2018). Remarks. Treated as a subgenus in Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393), Murienne et al. (2011: 62), Ázara & Ferreira (2013: 432), Voigtländer & Reip (2013: 220), Bonato et al. 2016, Lewis (2016a: 575), Schileyko & Stoev (2016: 266), Schileyko et al. (2018: 567). Cryptops (Paratrigonocryptops) was synonymised to C. (Trigonocryptops) by Lewis (2005). Schileyko & Stoev (2016) considered the similarity between Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) and the nominate subgenus; they reconsidered the recent concept of the former, suggesting that (p. 267) “only species having anterior sternites with complete trigonal sutures and clypeus with setose plate(s) should be assigned to Trigonocryptops ”. Thus “ Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) iporangensis ” Ázara & Ferreira, 2013 should be Cryptops (C.) iporangensis as it has no sternal trigonal sutures. As for Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) similis described by Machado (1953) for four specimens from Southern Spain, it has sternal trigonal sutures that are typical for this subgenus, but there is no information on presence of clypeal setose plate(s) (see pp 85–87) and the corresponding figure III(2) is inadequate. Voigtländer & Reip (2013: 220) mentioned another specimen of Cryptops (T.) similis from Southern Spain but gave no information on the two diagnostic characters of this subgenus (see above). Thus inclusion of Cryptops (T.) similis in Trigonocryptops should be questionable at the moment. (!) Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) Verhoeff, 1906 Figs 26, 28, 32 Synonyms. Paratrigonocryptops Demange, 1963 Type species. Cryptops gigas Kraepelin, 1903 (by subsequent designation of Attems, 1930). Diagnosis. Clypeus with setose plate(s) delimited by sutures (Fig. 26, fig. 21 in Schileyko et al. 2018). Pretarsus of maxillae 2 apically pointed, with a ventral projection (as in C. (T.) hephaestus Ázara & Ferreira, 2013 see their fig. 6C) or without it (as in adult (Rc 7502) of C. (T.) sarasini furcatus (Ribaut, 1923)). Dorsal brush of maxilla 2 as long as or slightly longer than the corresponding pretarsus. Anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite bilobed, in most species with long enlarged marginal setae (Fig. 26); tarsungula long, overlapping each other by at least 1/3 of their length when adducted. Sternites (Fig. 32) with well-developed transverse thickening between coxae of legs; at least some anterior sternites with endosternites bordered by trigonal sutures, the configurations of these sutures may vary (see Schileyko et al. 2018). Anterior corners of the endosternite of some anterior sternites with lateral projections (Fig. 32). Number of species. 29 (Schileyko et al. 2018). Remarks. Treated as a subgenus in Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393), Murienne et al. (2011: 62), Ázara & Ferreira (2013: 432), Voigtländer & Reip (2013: 220), Bonato et al. 2016, Lewis (2016a: 575), Schileyko & Stoev (2016: 266), Schileyko et al. (2018: 567). Cryptops (Paratrigonocryptops) was synonymised to C. (Trigonocryptops) by Lewis (2005). Schileyko & Stoev (2016) considered the similarity between Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) and the nominate subgenus; they reconsidered the recent concept of the former, suggesting that (p. 267) “only species having anterior sternites with complete trigonal sutures and clypeus with setose plate(s) should be assigned to Trigonocryptops ”. Thus “ Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) iporangensis ” Ázara & Ferreira, 2013 should be Cryptops (C.) iporangensis as it has no sternal trigonal sutures. As for Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) similis described by Machado (1953) for four specimens from Southern Spain, it has sternal trigonal sutures that are typical for this subgenus, but there is no information on presence of clypeal setose plate(s) (see pp 85–87) and the corresponding figure III(2) is inadequate. Voigtländer & Reip (2013: 220) mentioned another specimen of Cryptops (T.) similis from Southern Spain but gave no information on the two diagnostic characters of this subgenus (see above). Thus inclusion of Cryptops (T.) similis in Trigonocryptops should be questionable at the moment., Published as part of Schileyko, Arkady A., Vahtera, Varpu & Edgecombe, Gregory D., 2020, An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4825 (1) on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4825.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4402145, {"references":["Pocock, R. I. (1893) Contributions to our knowledge of the arthropod fauna of the West Indies. - Part II. Chilopoda. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 24 (156), 454 - 473.","Edgecombe, G. D. & Bonato, L. (2011) Chilopoda-taxonomic overview. Order Scolopendromorpha. In: Minelli, A. (Ed.), Treatise on Zoology-Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda. Vol. 1. Brill, Leiden, pp. 392 - 407.","Lewis, J. G. E. (2016 a) On the Cryptops subgenus Trichocryptops Verhoeff, 1937, with a discussion of the problems of differentiating Cryptops species (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae). Zootaxa, 4139 (4), 575 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.4.9","Bonato, L., Chagas-Junior, A., Edgecombe, G. D., Lewis, J. G. E., Minelli, A., Pereira, L. A., Shelley, R. M., Stoev, P. & Zapparoli, M. (2016) ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available from: http: // chilobase. biologia. unipd. it (accessed 2 August 2016)","Chamberlin, R. V. (1922) Centipeds of Central America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 60 (7), 1 - 17.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriapoda 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter et Co. Publ., Berlin, 308 pp.","Bucherl, W. (1942) Catalogo dos quilopodos da zona neotropica. Memorias do Instituto Butantan, 15, 251 - 372.","Kraus, O. (1957) Myriapoden aus Peru VI. Chilopoden. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 38, 359 - 404.","Schileyko, A. (2007) The scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos. Part 3. Arthropoda Selecta, 16 (2), 71 - 95.","Lewis, J. G. E. (2009) A review of some characters used in the taxonomy of Cryptops (subgenus Cryptops) (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae). Soil Organisms, 81, 505 - 518.","Kraepelin, K. (1903) Revision der Scolopendriden. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum Hamburg, 20 (2), 1 - 276.","Demange, J. - M. (1963) Myriapodes recoltes en Nouvelle-Caledonie par M. Y. PLESSIS et description d'un cas teratologique. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Series 2, 35 (1), 85 - 89.","Schileyko, A., Iorio, E. & Coulis, M. (2018) A contribution to the knowledge of scolopendromorph centipedes of Martinique Island, with descriptions of two new species (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Zootaxa, 4486 (4), 559 - 574. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.4.9","De Azara, L. N. & Ferreira, R. L. (2013) The first troglobitic Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from South America and the description of a non-troglobitic species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (5), 432 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.5.2","Ribaut, H. (1923) Chilopodes de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et des Iles Loyalty. In: Sarasin, F. & Roux, J. (Eds.), Nova Caledonia, Recherches Scientifiques en Nouvelle-Caledonie et aux Iles Loyalty. A. Zoologie. Vol. 3 (1). C. W. Kreidel's Verlag, Berlin, Weisbaden, pp. 1 - 79.","Murienne, J., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2011) Comparative phylogeography of the centipedes Cryptops pictus and C. niuensis (Chilopoda) in New Caledonia, Fiji and Vanuatu. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 11, 61 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 011 - 0041 - 7","Voigtlander, K. & Reip, H. (2013) Morphological, taxonomical and ecological contributions to the chilopod fauna of Andalusia (Sierra de Grazalema and los Alcornocales), Spain. Graellsia, 69 (2), 217 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / graellsia. 2013. v 69.088","Schileyko, A. & Stoev, P. (2016) Scolopendromorpha of New Guinea and adjacent islands (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Zootaxa, 4147 (3), 247 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4147.3.3","Machado, A. (1953) Alguns Miriapodes de Espanha (colheitas de J. Mateu). Archivos Instituto de Aclimaticion, 1, 77 - 92."]}

(!) Cryptops (Cryptops) Leach, 1814 Figs 29, 30 Synonyms. C. (Trichocryptops) Verhorff, 1937 Type species. Scolopendra hortensis Donovan, 1810 (by monotypy). Diagnosis. Clypeus in overwhelming majority of species without setose plate(s) delimited by sutures (Fig. 29). Pretarsus of maxillae 2 more or less curved (sometimes hooked, Fig. 30), apically either pointed (fig. 285 in Attems 1930) or lobe-shaped (fig. 69 in Verhoeff 1934). Pretarsus in most species is accompanied by a ventral projection (Fig. 30). Dorsal brush of maxilla 2 longer (sometimes slightly shorter) than corresponding pretarsus. Anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite virtually straight or bilobed (Fig. 29), in most species with long enlarged marginal setae; tarsungula long, overlapping each other by at least 1/3 of their length when adducted (Fig. 29). Sternites in most species (and in most specimens within these species) with “cruciform” sutures (see above) of which a median longitudinal one may be not well-developed (rarely virtually absent) plus an additional posterior transverse suture (but never with trigonal sutures; see also Diagnosis of C. (Trigonocryptops) below). Anterior corners of the endosternites without the lateral projections in the majority of species. Number of species. “More than 170 species in four subgenera” (Edgecombe & Bonato 2011: 393), 181 (Bonato et al. 2016). Remarks. Present as genus and nominate subgenus in Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393), Lewis (2011: 12), Murienne et al. (2011: 62), Voigtländer & Reip (2013: 220), Schileyko (2014: 183), Schileyko & Stoev (2016: 262), Lewis (2016a: 575), Bonato et al. (2016). Lewis (2016a) synonymised Cryptops (Trichocryptops) to Cryptops (Cryptops)., Published as part of Schileyko, Arkady A., Vahtera, Varpu & Edgecombe, Gregory D., 2020, An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4825 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4825.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4402145, {"references":["Attems, C. (1930) Myriapoda 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter et Co. Publ., Berlin, 308 pp.","Verhoeff, K. W. (1934) Beitrage zur Systematik und Geographie der Chilopoden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 66 (1 / 2), 1 - 112.","Edgecombe, G. D. & Bonato, L. (2011) Chilopoda-taxonomic overview. Order Scolopendromorpha. In: Minelli, A. (Ed.), Treatise on Zoology-Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda. Vol. 1. Brill, Leiden, pp. 392 - 407.","Bonato, L., Chagas-Junior, A., Edgecombe, G. D., Lewis, J. G. E., Minelli, A., Pereira, L. A., Shelley, R. M., Stoev, P. & Zapparoli, M. (2016) ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available from: http: // chilobase. biologia. unipd. it (accessed 2 August 2016)","Lewis, J. G. E. (2011) A review of the species of the genus Cryptops Leach, 1815 from the Old World related to Cryptops (Cryptops) hortensis (Donovan, 1810) (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha). International Journal of Myriapodology, 4, 11 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / ijm. 4.1116","Murienne, J., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2011) Comparative phylogeography of the centipedes Cryptops pictus and C. niuensis (Chilopoda) in New Caledonia, Fiji and Vanuatu. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 11, 61 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 011 - 0041 - 7","Voigtlander, K. & Reip, H. (2013) Morphological, taxonomical and ecological contributions to the chilopod fauna of Andalusia (Sierra de Grazalema and los Alcornocales), Spain. Graellsia, 69 (2), 217 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / graellsia. 2013. v 69.088","Schileyko, A. (2014) A contribution to the centipede fauna of Venezuela (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Zootaxa, 3821 (1), 151 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3821.2.1","Schileyko, A. & Stoev, P. (2016) Scolopendromorpha of New Guinea and adjacent islands (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Zootaxa, 4147 (3), 247 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4147.3.3","Lewis, J. G. E. (2016 a) On the Cryptops subgenus Trichocryptops Verhoeff, 1937, with a discussion of the problems of differentiating Cryptops species (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae). Zootaxa, 4139 (4), 575 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.4.9"]}

(!) Theatops Newport, 1844 Figs 33–37 Type species. Cryptops posticus Say, 1821 (by subsequent designation). Diagnosis. Spiracles (figs 1AB in Vahtera et al. 2012b, fig. 5 F in Bonato et al. 2017) on macrosegments, LBS 7 with or without spiracles. Coxopleuron (Fig. 37) usually with a spine at the place of corresponding process. Prefemur and femur of the ultimate legs (Figs 33, 37) with or without spines; pretarsus not shorter than corresponding tarsus 2 (in T. posticus (Say, 1821) longer than the two tarsal articles together), circular in cross section (i.e. not blade-like ventrally). Number of species. 6 (Bonato et al. 2016). Remarks. Treated as a genus in Di et al. (2010: 51), Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395), Vahtera et al. (2012a: 5), Bonato et al. (2017: 1). Edgecombe & Koch (2008: 894) described the pretarsus of maxillae 2 in both T. erythrocephalus (C.L. Koch, 1847) and T. posticus as “two curved processes, one above the other”. The most recent account on Theatops — Di et al. (2010) —contains no information on structure of maxillae 2. A re-studied adult (Rc 6489) of T. spinicaudus Wood, 1862 demonstrates not “two curved processes” but a pretarsus and a much shorter ventral projection (see also Diagnosis of Plutoniumidae above) whereas in two adults (Rc 6488, 6493) of T. posticus the ventral projection is nearly as long as the pretarsus., Published as part of Schileyko, Arkady A., Vahtera, Varpu & Edgecombe, Gregory D., 2020, An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4825 (1) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4825.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4402145, {"references":["Vahtera, V., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2012 b) Spiracle structure in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) and its contribution to phylogenetics. Zoomorphology, 131, 225 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 012 - 0157 - 0","Bonato, L., Orlando, M., Zapparoli, M., Fusco, G. & Bortolin, F. (2017) New insights into Plutonium, one of the largest and least known European centipedes (Chilopoda): distribution, evolution and morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 20, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlw 026","Bonato, L., Chagas-Junior, A., Edgecombe, G. D., Lewis, J. G. E., Minelli, A., Pereira, L. A., Shelley, R. M., Stoev, P. & Zapparoli, M. (2016) ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available from: http: // chilobase. biologia. unipd. it (accessed 2 August 2016)","Di, Z., Cao, Z., Wu, Y., Yin, S., Edgecombe, G. D. & Li, W. (2010) Discovery of the centipede family Plutoniumidae (Chilopoda) in Asia: a new species of Theatops from China, and the taxonomic value of spiracle distributions in Scolopendromorpha. Zootaxa, 2667 (1), 51 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2667.1.4","Edgecombe, G. D. & Bonato, L. (2011) Chilopoda-taxonomic overview. Order Scolopendromorpha. In: Minelli, A. (Ed.), Treatise on Zoology-Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda. Vol. 1. Brill, Leiden, pp. 392 - 407.","Vahtera, V., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2012 a) Evolution of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): insight from an expanded sampling of molecular data. Cladistics, 28, 4 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2011.00361. x","Schileyko, Ark. A. (1992) Scolopenders of Vietnam and some aspects of the system of Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda Epimorpha) Part 1. Arthropoda Selecta, 1 (1), 5 - 19.","Edgecombe, G. D. & Koch, M. (2008) Phylogeny of scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda): morphological analysis featuring characters from the peristomatic area. Cladistics, 24, 872 - 901. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2008.00220. x"]}

(!) Plutonium Cavanna, 1881 Type species. Plutonium zwierleini Cavanna, 1881 (by monotypy). Diagnosis. LBS 2–20 with spiracles (figs 5 EG in Bonato et al. 2017). Coxopleuron lacks spine at the place of corresponding process. Prefemur and femur of the ultimate legs lacking spines; pretarsus much longer than tarsal articles taken together and “expanding ventrally in a sclerotized ridge” (Bonato et al. 2017: 11) i.e. blade-like. Number of species. 1. Remarks. Treated as a genus in Di et al. (2010: 51), Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395), Bonato et al. (2017: 1); not included in Vahtera et al. (2012a). The most recent morphological account on Plutonium — Bonato et al. (2017) —lacks information on structure of maxillae 2. As for possible non-monophyly of Plutonium, we agree with Di et al. (2010: 55) who wrote: ”In Plutoniumidae, the morphological analyses … retrieved Theatops as a paraphyletic group, i.e., Plutonium is nested within Theatops... A three-genus classification … would increase paraphyly rather than lessen it... We do not place Plutonium in synonymy under Theatops, which would eliminate non-monophyletic taxa from Plutoniumidae …”. That suggestion was confirmed partially by Bonato et al. (2017: 17), who noted that their molecular data did “not decisively favour any of the two alternative hypotheses: (1) Plutonium and Theatops represent two separate lineages, which is consistent with a previous hypothesis elaborated on morphological similarities (Shelley, 1997) and in agreement with current taxonomy, (2) Plutonium is a derived lineage within Theatops, which is supported also by previous cladistic analyses on morpho-anatomical data”. Because of its unique segmental distribution of the spiracles, we think that Plutonium should be kept as a genus at the moment. (!) Theatops Newport, 1844 Figs 33–37 Type species. Cryptops posticus Say, 1821 (by subsequent designation). Diagnosis. Spiracles (figs 1AB in Vahtera et al. 2012b, fig. 5 F in Bonato et al. 2017) on macrosegments, LBS 7 with or without spiracles. Coxopleuron (Fig. 37) usually with a spine at the place of corresponding process. Prefemur and femur of the ultimate legs (Figs 33, 37) with or without spines; pretarsus not shorter than corresponding tarsus 2 (in T. posticus (Say, 1821) longer than the two tarsal articles together), circular in cross section (i.e. not blade-like ventrally). Number of species. 6 (Bonato et al. 2016). Remarks. Treated as a genus in Di et al. (2010: 51), Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395), Vahtera et al. (2012a: 5), Bonato et al. (2017: 1). Edgecombe & Koch (2008: 894) described the pretarsus of maxillae 2 in both T. erythrocephalus (C.L. Koch, 1847) and T. posticus as “two curved processes, one above the other”. The most recent account on Theatops — Di et al. (2010) —contains no information on structure of maxillae 2. A re-studied adult (Rc 6489) of T. spinicaudus Wood, 1862 demonstrates not “two curved processes” but a pretarsus and a much shorter ventral projection (see also Diagnosis of Plutoniumidae above) whereas in two adults (Rc 6488, 6493) of T. posticus the ventral projection is nearly as long as the pretarsus. (!) Theatops Newport, 1844 Figs 33–37 Type species. Cryptops posticus Say, 1821 (by subsequent designation). Diagnosis. Spiracles (figs 1AB in Vahtera et al. 2012b, fig. 5 F in Bonato et al. 2017) on macrosegments, LBS 7 with or without spiracles. Coxopleuron (Fig. 37) usually with a spine at the place of corresponding process. Prefemur and femur of the ultimate legs (Figs 33, 37) with or without spines; pretarsus not shorter than corresponding tarsus 2 (in T. posticus (Say, 1821) longer than the two tarsal articles together), circular in cross section (i.e. not blade-like ventrally). Number of species. 6 (Bonato et al. 2016). Remarks. Treated as a genus in Di et al. (2010: 51), Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395), Vahtera et al. (2012a: 5), Bonato et al. (2017: 1). Edgecombe & Koch (2008: 894) described the pretarsus of maxillae 2 in both T. erythrocephalus (C.L. Koch, 1847) and T. posticus as “two curved processes, one above the other”. The most recent account on Theatops — Di et al. (2010) —contains no information on structure of maxillae 2. A re-studied adult (Rc 6489) of T. spinicaudus Wood, 1862 demonstrates not “two curved processes” but a pretarsus and a much shorter ventral projection (see also Diagnosis of Plutoniumidae above) whereas in two adults (Rc 6488, 6493) of T. posticus the ventral projection is nearly as long as the pretarsus., Published as part of Schileyko, Arkady A., Vahtera, Varpu & Edgecombe, Gregory D., 2020, An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4825 (1) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4825.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4402145, {"references":["Bonato, L., Orlando, M., Zapparoli, M., Fusco, G. & Bortolin, F. (2017) New insights into Plutonium, one of the largest and least known European centipedes (Chilopoda): distribution, evolution and morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 20, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlw 026","Di, Z., Cao, Z., Wu, Y., Yin, S., Edgecombe, G. D. & Li, W. (2010) Discovery of the centipede family Plutoniumidae (Chilopoda) in Asia: a new species of Theatops from China, and the taxonomic value of spiracle distributions in Scolopendromorpha. Zootaxa, 2667 (1), 51 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2667.1.4","Edgecombe, G. D. & Bonato, L. (2011) Chilopoda-taxonomic overview. Order Scolopendromorpha. In: Minelli, A. (Ed.), Treatise on Zoology-Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda. Vol. 1. Brill, Leiden, pp. 392 - 407.","Vahtera, V., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2012 a) Evolution of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): insight from an expanded sampling of molecular data. Cladistics, 28, 4 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2011.00361. x","Shelley, R. M. (1997) The Holarctic centipede subfamily Plutoniuminae (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae) (nomen correctum ex subfamily Plutoniinae Bollman, 1893). Brimleyana, 24, 51 - 113.","Vahtera, V., Edgecombe, G. D. & Giribet, G. (2012 b) Spiracle structure in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) and its contribution to phylogenetics. Zoomorphology, 131, 225 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 012 - 0157 - 0","Bonato, L., Chagas-Junior, A., Edgecombe, G. D., Lewis, J. G. E., Minelli, A., Pereira, L. A., Shelley, R. M., Stoev, P. & Zapparoli, M. (2016) ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available from: http: // chilobase. biologia. unipd. it (accessed 2 August 2016)","Schileyko, Ark. A. (1992) Scolopenders of Vietnam and some aspects of the system of Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda Epimorpha) Part 1. Arthropoda Selecta, 1 (1), 5 - 19.","Edgecombe, G. D. & Koch, M. (2008) Phylogeny of scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda): morphological analysis featuring characters from the peristomatic area. Cladistics, 24, 872 - 901. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2008.00220. x"]}

Zarei, Roghaieh, Rahimian, Hassan, Mirmonsef, Hassan, Bonato, Lucio (2020): Geophilomorpha from Alborz Mountains and a checklist of Chilopoda from Iran. Zootaxa 4780 (1): 132-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4780.1.6

Cryptops anomalans Newport, 1844 Cryptops anomalans Newport, 1844: 100 Literature records. Attems (1951): Kerman (Kerman Province). Distribution: western Palearctic, but introduced in other areas., Published as part of Zarei, Roghaieh, Rahimian, Hassan, Mirmonsef, Hassan & Bonato, Lucio, 2020, Geophilomorpha from Alborz Mountains and a checklist of Chilopoda from Iran, pp. 132-146 in Zootaxa 4780 (1) on page 142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4780.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3839630, {"references":["Newport, G. (1844) A list of the species of Myriapoda order Chilopoda contained in the cabinets of the British Museum with synoptic descriptions of forty-seven new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 13, 94 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484409442576","Attems, C. (1951) Ergebnisse der Osterreichischen Iran-Expedition 1949 / 50. Myriapoden vom Iran gesammelt von der Expedition Heinz Loeffler und Genossen 1949 / 50. Sitzungsberichte der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 160, 387 - 426."]}

Mimops orientalis Kraepelin, 1903 is a monotypic species of Mimopidae endemic to China. The species is known only from a single specimen, the holotype. Little is known about its biology, habitat associations, or phylogenetic relationships. It was rediscovered on Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi and Henan provinces, China, 117 years after its last record. Detailed descriptions and colour photographs of living specimens are provided along with its ecology, updated conservation notes, and data on sexual dimorphism. A genetic analysis (COI, 16S rRNA, and 28S rRNA) was conducted to assess the phylogenetic relationships among Mimopidae, Cryptopidae, Scolopendridae, Scolopocryptopidae, and Plutoniumidae. The results support classifying Mimopidae as a valid family.

This study revises centipede fauna found in Brazilian caves, focusing on troglomorphic taxa and emphasizing conservation status. We present 563 centipede specimens from 274 caves across eleven Brazilian states. Of these, 22 records were derived from existing literature and 252 are newly collected. Specimens represent four orders, ten families, 18 genera, and 47 morphospecies. Together, the cave records represent 21 % of Brazil’s centipede fauna. Scolopendromorpha was the most representative order (41 %), followed by Geophilomorpha (26 %), Scutigeromorpha (23 %), and Lithobiomorpha (10 %). Six species were found only in caves, with four considered troglobitic. The distribution of Cryptops iporangensis, the first Brazilian troglobitic centipede species to be discovered, was expanded to other three caves. Cryptops spelaeoraptor and Cryptops iporangensis are two troglobitic species considered Vulnerable and Endangered, respectively, according to the IUCN Red List. Main threats to Brazilian caves are mining, hydroelectric projects, water pollution, and unregulated tourism.

Scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) are a diverse group of invertebrate communities, which play significant, but often poorly acknowledged or understood roles in the delivery of soil ecosystem services. In the present paper we analyze the impact of seasonal and edaphic factors on the species diversity of scolopendromorph centipedes based on the field studies conducted in three selected sites. The study sites included a protected forest ecosystem, an undisturbed isolated hillock and a residential plot at Kozhikode District, Kerala, India. The study was performed from April 2011 to November 2012. Overall 486 individuals belonging to 18 species under the families Cryptopidae and Scolopendridae were collected. The range of Shannon-Wiener diversity was 0.89–2.58 and Simpson diversity was 1.91–13.69. Species diversity is also influenced by variations in seasons and various physico–chemical properties of soil in the study area. General observations on parental care, moulting, hibernation and ectoparasitism were also included.

The taxonomic position of the monotypic Vietnamese genus Tonkinodentus Schileyko, 1992 (for T.lestes Schileyko, 1992) has been considered in the light of the first obtained molecular data. Both molecular (28S rRNA) and morphological data support the position of this extraordinary eye-less genus within the family Scolopendridae Leach, 1814, a sighted clade, and thus suggests the polyphyly of blind scolopendromorphs. The species diagnosis has been amended and color images of T.lestes provided for the first time.

Cryptops hortensis is a successful invasive species probably of Palearctic origin. However, recent molecular studies in Europe identified multiple similar species previously misidentified as C. hortensis. In the Nearctic Region, C. hortensis is presumably an exotic species with well-established populations in the northeastern USA. After molecular and morphological identification, C. hortensis from Ohio, USA, were identified as the same species in Europe. The molecular data supported the hypothesis that C. hortensis was introduced from Europe.

Here we describe in detail the late post-embryonic development of the common European scolopendromorph centipede Cryptops parisi. Canonical variate analyses of two groups of external morphological characters, viz., cephalic capsule characters (head length, length of the anterior and posterior paramedian cephalic sutures) and coxopleuron surface characters (number of pores in the coxal pore-field, number of setae on the posterior coxopleuron edge, their number on the coxal pore-field, and their number posterior to the coxal pore-field) were conducted on a large sample of specimens collected from two localities in Serbia. Ten free-living stages are recognized: three pre-adult stages (adolescens I, II, and III) and seven adult stages (one maturus junior stage, four maturus, and two maturus senior stages). The fourth late post-embryonic stage is the first mature stage in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism in the aforementioned characters was not observed. Morphological variation of coxopleuron characters was more informative for the discrimination of developmental stages in Cryptops than the morphological variation of cephalic capsule characters.

Cryptops (T.) martinicensis n. sp. Figs 20–29 Locus typicus: Rivière Sylvestre, Le Lorrain, Martinique Island, Lesser Аntilles. Material. Holotype: Le Lorrain, Rivière Sylvestre, 11.05.2016, lat. 14.7753, long. -61.0653, 260 m, 1 ad. [No P1C, MNHN]. Paratype: Schoelcher, Plateau Clark, 0 6.04.2016, lat. 14.6820, long. -61.1037, 520 m, 1 juv. [No P8А, CIRАD]. Diagnosis. Аntennae composed of 17 articles. Cephalic plate with complete paramedian sutures, covering the anterior margin of tergite 1. Clypeus with large rhomboid setose plate which bears 5 setae + 2 setae around setose plate; labrum with a single tooth. Forcipular coxosternite with incomplete median suture, its anterior margin bilobed with 7+6 enlarged marginal and 4+3 submarginal setae. Tergite 1 with anterior transverse suture, which is crossed by complete paramedian sutures; tergites 2–20 with well-developed paramedian sutures. Sternites 2–19 with median suture/sulcus and characteristic transverse ridge. Sternites 3–15[!] with various trigonal sutures: Kshaped on sternites 3–5, X-shaped on sternites 6–9 and C-shaped on sternites 10–15. Lateral projections of the anterior corners of the endosternites well-developed. Coxopleural pore field slightly longer than sternite 21, consisting of ca 55–60 pores. Ultimate prefemur with 1 (median) dorsodistal spinous process; femur, tibia and tarsus 1 with paired processes; the latter long, thin and strongly curved downwards. Femur without saw tooth; tibia with 8–9, tarsus 1 with 4–5 saw teeth. Derivatio nominis: we name this species after the Martinique Island in Lesser Аntilles were the type material was collected. Description of the holotype (adult, No P1C, MNHN). Length of body ca 21 mm. Color in ethanol: uniformly light yellow; body with sparse long setae, the legs are more setose. Аntennae composed of 17 articles, reaching the posterior margin of tergite 4 when reflexed. 3.5 basal articles with some long setae (Figs 20-21); 4 basal articles with a few short setae, remaining articles (especially 7–17) much more setose. Basal articles cylindrical. Cephalic plate with complete paramedian sutures (Fig. 20), covering the anterior margin of tergite 1. Clypeus with large rhomboid setose plate (Fig. 21) which bears 5 setae and is well delimited by sutures; 2 setae at the sides of setose plate. Labrum with a single median tooth. Forcipular segment (Fig. 21): coxosternite with well-developed median suture, which is approximately as long as 1/3 of the length of coxosternite; anterior margin of the latter strongly bilobed with 7+6 marginal (long and much enlarged) setae and 4+3 submarginal setae. Chitin-lines absent. Tarsungula normal. PLATE 6, FIGURES 24–29. Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) martinicensis n. sp. 24: Holotype (No P1C, MNHN): LBS 7–8, ventral view (scale bar: 0.2 mm); 25: Holotype (No P1C, MNHN): LBS 12, ventral view (scale bar: 0.2 mm); 26: Holotype (No P1C, MNHN): LBS 20–21, ventro-lateral view (scale bar: 0.3 mm); 27: Holotype (No P1C, MNHN): right ultimate leg, medial view (scale bar: 0.5 mm); 28: Paratype (subadult No P8A in CIRAD): LBS 21 + prefemora and femora of ultimate legs, dorsal view (scale bar: 0.3 mm); 29: Holotype (No P1C, MNHN): prefemur, femur, tibia and tarsus 1 of left ultimate leg, medial view (scale bar: 0.5 mm). Abbreviations: (cf)—coxopleural pore field, (cts)—C-shaped sternal trigonal suture, (es)—enlarged long setae, (f)—femur, (lp)—lateral dorsodistal spinous process, (mp)—median dorsodistal spinous processes, (pa)—poreless area of coxopleuron, (pf)—prefemur, (st)—saw teeth, (t1)—tarsus 1, (tb)—tibia, (tr)—sternal transverse ridge(s), (us)—ultimate sternite, (ut)— ultimate tergite, (xts)—X-shaped sternal trigonal sutures. Tergite 1 (Fig. 20): anterior transverse suture crossed by complete paramedian sutures, their anterior portions strongly convergent cephalad. Tergites 2–20 with well-developed paramedian sutures (Fig. 22; tergites 1–19 with poorly-developed longitudinal lateral sutures. Tergite 21 practically as wide as long, its sides curved; welldeveloped longitudinal median depression in its caudal ¾. Posterior margin of tergite 21 forming an acute angle, pointed caudally (Fig. 22). Tergites 9–20 with poorly-developed lateral margination, which is well-developed in tergite 21. Some posterior tergites with well-visible pretergite (Fig. 22). Sternites 1–21 trapeziform; sternites 2–19 with incomplete median longitudinal suture disposed in welldeveloped median longitudinal sulcus. Sternites 2–19 with well-developed characteristic transverse ridge between the coxae (Figs 23–25). Sternites 3–15[!] with well recognizable trigonal sutures of various configurations: Kshaped on sternites 3–5 (Fig. 23), X-shaped on sternites 6–9 (Fig. 24) and C-shaped (the posterior parts of both trigonal sutures being lacking or insignificant) on sternites 10–15 (Fig. 25). Lateral projections of the anterior corners of the endosternites well-developed (Fig. 23). Sternite 21 slightly longer than wide, narrowed towards the slightly concave posterior margin (Fig. 26). Katopleure divided vertically; it is visible in LBS 2–19. Legs: basal articles with a few long setae, other articles more setose. Legs 1–19 with a poorly visible division between tarsus 1 and tarsus 2 which seems not to be functional; tarsus of leg 20 clearly bipartite. Pretarsi long, thin and pointed, accessory spines rudimentary. Coxopleural pore field (Fig. 26) oval, slightly longer than sternite 21, consisting of ca 55–60 coxal pores of various sizes and bordered posteriorly by a wide poreless area (Fig. 26). А few small setae on the pore field and a few enlarged ones at the posterior margin of the coxopleuron. Ultimate legs of proportions usual for Cryptops (Fig. 27), ca 5.1 mm long (prefemur – 1.4 mm, femur—1.3, tibia—0.9, tarsus 1—0.6, tarsus 2—0.9), width of prefemur 0.45 mm. Median and ventral surfaces of both prefemur and femur covered by numerous long and enlarged dark–brown setae (Figs 27-29). Prefemur with 1 (median) dorsodistal spinous process (Figs 27-29); femur and tibia with well-developed paired dorsodistal spinous processes (Figs 28, 29), these processes long, thin and strongly curved downwards; tarsus 1 with corresponding processes much shorter and not curved (Fig. 27). Femur without saw tooth; tibia with 8–9 and tarsus 1 with 4–5 saw teeth (Fig. 29). Range. Martinique Island (Lesser Аntilles). Variation. The subadult paratype is virtually the same in all details except for body length (14.5 mm) and insignificant variation in the number of saw teeth of ultimate tarsus 1 (4+4 vs. 4+ 5 in holotype). Remarks. The new species differs readily from the known species of Trigonocryptops in having an unusually large number (15!) of sternites with trigonal sutures and in the diversity (three types) of the latter (see above). Until now the subgenus Trigonocryptops included 28 species (Schileyko & Stoev 2016: 267) of which 11 are known from New World—7 species occur in South Аmerica and 4 in the Caribbean. Аccording to our own data and Bonato et al. (2016), the following species have been found in South Аmerica: C. (T.) galatheae Meinert, 1886 — Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil (Аmazonas); C. (T.) debilis (Bücherl, 1950) — Peru; C. (T.) iheringi (Brölemann, 1902), C. (T.) sarasini furcatus Ribaut, 1923, C. (T.) iporangensis Ázara & Ferreira, 2013 — Brazil (São Paulo); C. (T.) triangulifer (Verhoeff, 1937), C. (T.) hephaestus Ázara & Ferreira, 2013 — Brazil (Minas Gerais). The following four species occur in the Caribbean: Cryptops (T.) manni Chamberlin, 1915 from Haiti (it differs from the studied specimens by having no paramedian sutures on tergite 1) and three species from Cuba, very poorly described and illustrated by Matic, Negrea & Fundora Martinez (1977). These are: C. troglobius (ultimate tibia with 24 saw teeth), C. cavernicolus (ultimate tarsus 1 with 1 saw tooth, ultimate tergite rounded posteriorly) and C. lapidicolus— the only Caribbean species which seems to be similar to the specimens from Martinique. However, according to the original description and the accompanying drawings, C. lapidicolus differs from our specimens by having all sternal trigonal sutures crossing each other (X-shaped), as in most species of Trigonocryptops (in sense of Schileyko & Stoev 2016). Аlso the adult holotype (22 mm long), which is also the only known specimen of C. lapidicolus seems to differ by a lesser number of coxopleural pores (ca. 40) and presence of the only one (external?) dorsodistal spinous process at the ultimate femur. Thus, the studied specimens do not belong to any species of this subgenus known from the Caribbean. Аccording to the general key of Trigonocryptops provided by Аttems (1930: 236) the most similar species would be the New Caledonian Cryptops sarasini sarasini Ribaut, 1923. However, both studied specimens evidently differ from the latter species by the absence of short cephalic lateral sutures, the considerably larger number (15 vs. 3–5) of sternites with trigonal sutures and the presence of very characteristic K–shaped trigonal sutures (Fig. 23), which do not form a kind of oblique cross (as in X–shaped trigonal sutures). The geographic distance is also considerable., Published as part of Schileyko, Аrkаdy, Iorio, Etienne & Coulis, Mаthieu, 2018, A contribution to the knowledge of scolopendromorph centipedes of Martinique Island, with descriptions of two new species (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), pp. 559-574 in Zootaxa 4486 (4) on pages 568-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4486.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1442344, {"references":["Schileyko, A. & Stoev, P. (2016) Scolopendromorpha of New Guinea and adjacent islands (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Zootaxa, 4147 (3), 247 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4147.3.3","Bonato, L., Chagas-Junior, A., Edgecombe, G., Lewis, J. G. E., Minelli, A., Pereira, L., Shelley, R., Stoev, P. & Zapparoli, M. (2016) ChiloBase 2.0. A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available from: http: // chilobase. biologia. unipd. it (accessed 29 August 2018)","Meinert, F. (1886) Myriapoda Musei Cantabrigiensis. Part I. Chilopoda. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 23, 161 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26797","Ribaut, H. (1923) Chilopodes de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et des Iles Loyalty. In: Sarasin, F. & Roux, J. (Eds.), Nova Caledonia. Recherches Scientifiques en Nouvelle-Caledonie et aux Iles Loyalty. 3 (1). C. W. Kreidel's Verlag, Berlin, Weisbaden, pp. 1 - 79.","Attems, G. (1930) Myriapoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. In: Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 1 - 308."]}

The paper provides new data on seven scolopendromorph centipede species collected in Martinique Island. Two new species are described: Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) salticus n. sp. and Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) martinicensis n. sp.; their systematic position is discussed. Notes on the system of subgenus Trigonocryptops Verhoeff, 1906 are given and Cryptops sarasini var. furcata Ribaut, 1923 is confirmed as subspecies. Cormocephalus guildingii Newport, 1845, Newportia longitarsis guadeloupensis Demange, 1981 and N. pusilla Pocock, 1893 are reported from Martinique for the first time. A list of the Scolopendromorpha of this island is given.

Subgenus Trigonocryptops Verhoeff, 1906 Type species. Cryptops gigas Kraepelin, 1903 (by subsequent designation of Attems, 1930). Range (after Schileyko & Stoev 2016). Caribbean Islands: Cuba; South Аmerica: Peru, South-East Brazil (São Paulo State, Rio de Janeiro State, Minas Geras State), Аrgentina (Buenos Аires, Sierra de la Ventana); Europe: Spain; Аfrica: Аlgeria, Morocco, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Tanzania, Somalia, Yemen (Sokotra Island), Gabon, Benin, Cameroon, Congo; South-East Аsia: India (Nagpur), Vietnam; Pacific: Аustralia (Queensland, Western Аustralia), Sumba, East Timor, New Guinea Island, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Fiji. Remarks. Аttems (1930: 241) was the first to regard C. sarasini Ribaut, 1923 as a member of Trigonocryptops. Without producing drawings or discussing morphological details, Würmli (1974) considered C. sarasini var. furcata Ribaut, 1923 (with W-shaped anterior parts of the paramedian sutures of tergite 1; see fig. 46 in Ribaut 1923) as a synonym of C. sarasini Ribaut, 1923 (in which these sutures are straight; see Ribaut’s fig. 36). We read (p. 525): “Die var. furcata beruht weitgehend auf einem Juvenilmerkmal und ist deswegen einzuziehen. (Nova Synonymia)”. We should note, however, that a feature as the W-shaped configuration of the paramedian sutures of tergite 1 is not a juvenile condition, but a species-specific character in two scolopendromorph genera– Cryptops and Newportia Gervais, 1847. We have re-studied the adult specimen No 7502 in ZMMU (Zoological Museum of Moscow Lomonosov State University) of Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) sarasini var. furcata from Sao Paolo (Brazil). This specimen has tergite 1 with well-developed W-shaped paramedian sutures (Fig. 19) and corresponds well in all aspects to both the recent diagnosis of Trigonocryptops provided by Schileyko & Stoev (2016) and the original description and drawings of C. sarasini var. furcata. To sum up, we confirm this taxon as subspecies, became as Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) sarasini furcatus (Ribaut, 1923), but its peculiar combination of characters may possibly require for C. (T.) sarasini furcatus even the status of full species., Published as part of Schileyko, Аrkаdy, Iorio, Etienne & Coulis, Mаthieu, 2018, A contribution to the knowledge of scolopendromorph centipedes of Martinique Island, with descriptions of two new species (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), pp. 559-574 in Zootaxa 4486 (4) on pages 567-568, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4486.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1442344, {"references":["Attems, G. (1930) Myriapoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. In: Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 1 - 308.","Schileyko, A. & Stoev, P. (2016) Scolopendromorpha of New Guinea and adjacent islands (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Zootaxa, 4147 (3), 247 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4147.3.3","Ribaut, H. (1923) Chilopodes de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et des Iles Loyalty. In: Sarasin, F. & Roux, J. (Eds.), Nova Caledonia. Recherches Scientifiques en Nouvelle-Caledonie et aux Iles Loyalty. 3 (1). C. W. Kreidel's Verlag, Berlin, Weisbaden, pp. 1 - 79.","Wurmli, M. (1974) Ergebnisse der Osterreichischen Neukaledonien - Expedition 1965. Chilopoden. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums, Wien, 78, 523 - 533."]}

The present paper records new and poorly known myriapods (Diplopoda, Chilopoda) collected in Bulgaria in the last 10 years. Four new species are reported as new to the Bulgarian fauna: Lithobius melanops Newport, 1845 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithodiidae), Polydesmus collaris C.L. Koch, 1847, Polydesmus inconstans Latzel, 1884 and Polydesmus schaessburgensis Verhoeff, 1898 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Polydesmidae). Scanning electron micrographs of the gonopods and male leg-pairs 5 and 6 are provided for the first time for Bulgarosoma superficiei Strasser, 1975, a species hitherto known only from its original description. This article presents also an updated list of Myriapoda in Bulgaria. The list includes a total of 251 (sub-)species of the classes Diplopoda (127), Chilopoda (104), Pauropoda (18) and Symphyla (2).

Cryptops rucneri Matic, 1967 Matic (1991): 9, figs 1���4. Material examined (NMNHS): 1 specimen, Sofia, Zapaden Park, N 42.703332, E 23.263369, 1.V.2003, leg. R. Spasova, det. PS. Remarks. A second record of this species in Bulgaria. Until now, it was known only from Cave Peshketo near Lilyache village (Stoev 2002)., Published as part of Bachvarova, Darina, Vagalinski, Boyan, Doichinov, Aleksandar & Stoev, Pavel, 2017, New records of millipedes and centipedes from Bulgaria, with an annotated checklist of the Bulgarian myriapods, pp. 507-526 in Zootaxa 4263 (3) on page 508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4263.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/573649, {"references":["Matic, Z. (1991) Cryptops rucneri Matic (Chilopoda-Scolopendromorpha) - une nouvelle espece dans la faune de la Roumanie. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Seria Biologia, 36 (1), 9 - 10.","Stoev, P. (2002) A Catalogue and Key to the centipedes (Chilopoda) of Bulgaria. Series Faunistica 25. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 103 pp."]}

Development of the cryptopid centipede Cryptops parisi is analyzed for the first time. During the period between oviposition and abandonment of the brood, we identified sixteen brood-dependent stages under the three developmental phases (embryonic, embryoid, and adolescens) on a sample collected at the Babin Zub locality in Serbia. In summary, eight stages within three subphases (embryonic I to III) are described from the embryonic phase, in addition to one intermediate stage (hatch), six stages from the embryoid phase (proembryoid I to III, praefoetus, foetus I and II) and only one in the adolescent phase (adolescens I). Tracing external morphological changes on the postpedal segment, we found that males and females can be distinguished at the adolescens I stage. In addition, it is established that the precise identification of species is possible for the first time at the second foetus stage in C. parisi development. By means of comparison, an attempt is made to achieve harmonization of the developmental schedules of scolopendromorphic and geophilomorphic centipedes as a final objective.