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Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stablecoins have gained significant popularity recently, with their market cap rising to over $180 billion. However, recent events have raised concerns about their stability. In this paper, we classify stablecoins into four types based on the source and management of collateral and investigate the stability of each type under different conditions. We highlight each type’s potential instabilities and underlying tradeoffs using agent-based simulations. The results emphasize the importance of carefully evaluating the origin of a stablecoin’s collateral and its collateral management mechanism to ensure stability and minimize risks. Enhanced understanding of stablecoins should be informative to regulators, policymakers, and investors alike.

This article has examined the legal framework and status concerning crypto currency in Pakistan. It has highlighted the associated issues that Pakistan is facing like other developing countries. It has discussed the examples of other jurisdictions who have best standards and practices that are appreciable in regulating digital currencies and provides a crypto-friendly ecosystem. It highlights the necessity of recognizing and regulating crypto currencies in Pakistan. This study analyzes the situation of legal and regulatory framework of Pakistan and offer recommendations for reforms in the laws governing financial structures and cyber-crimes in Pakistan and suggested ways of promoting best practices by taking guidance and lessons from international standards and approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bitcoin has recently attracted a lot of media and public attention as a result of its recent price boom and crash. Similarly, numerous researchers have explored many aspects influencing the Bitcoin price and the patterns underlying its fluctuations, specifically utilizing various machine learning methods. In this work, authors investigate and analyze various cutting-edge machine learning algorithms for Bitcoin price prediction, such as a logistic regression and a long short-term memory (LSTM) model. Although LSTM-based prediction models outperformed other prediction models for Bitcoin price prediction (regression), a simple profitability analysis revealed that classification models were more effective than regression models for algorithmic trading. Overall, the suggested ML learning-based prediction models performed similarly. This work performs an in-depth investigation on the evolution of Bitcoin, as well as a thorough review of several machine learning methods used for price prediction. It’s included is a Bitcoin price prediction. The Existing work fails to predict day to day bitcoin price changes. And has given less accuracy compared to the proposed work. Authors have overcome this limitation in the proposed work by predicting the day to day BTC price for the upcoming month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identity and Access management (IAM) [1] plays an important role when it comes to background verification. It is a great way to know people you are working with, whether it is a professional front or some local business. Identity theft and secure document exchange are major issues with the current scenario and blockchain offers to be a great solution. The introduction of the public key, private key, transaction verification and foot printing will play a significant role in securing IAM. The idea is to store user documents and other critical information inside the block chain. All the verification is given based on the user's consensus to the particular request which will trigger further functionalities, responsible for secure data exchange. According to the property of blockchain, the chain will contain the history of each transaction that keeps track of every user-company activity that will prevent any action which is against the will of both parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bannu University Research Journal in Islamic Studies (BURJIS) is the property of Bannu University Research Journal in Islamic Studies (BURJIS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the persistence in the cryptocurrency market, focusing on five distinct groups categorized by their market capitalization during the sample period from 2020 to 2023. The study aims to test two hypotheses: (H1) The degree of persistence in the cryptocurrency market is contingent on market capitalization, and (H2) The efficiency of the cryptocurrency market has increased in recent years. The methodology employed for this examination is R/S analysis. The results indicate that the cryptocurrency market maintains its inefficiency, and no significant variations in persistence are discerned among different cryptocurrency groups, leading to the rejection of H1. Outcomes related to H2 present a nuanced scenario. Specifically, Litecoin and Ripple exhibit supportive evidence for the Adaptive Market Hypothesis, suggesting an improvement in the efficiency of the cryptocurrency market in recent years. A noteworthy revelation pertains to the anomaly observed in Bitcoin. Despite being the most capitalized and liquid cryptocurrency, it demonstrates inefficiency akin to levels observed five years ago. The implications of this study contribute to the comprehension of cryptocurrency market efficiency. The findings challenge the assumptions of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, favoring instead the Adaptive Market Hypothesis. For practitioners, the results hold significance, providing evidence of price predictability, particularly in the case of Bitcoin. This suggests that trend trading strategies remain viable for generating abnormal profits in the cryptocurrency market. Acknowledgments Alex Plastun gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (0121U100473).

This is a film review of The Bitcoin Car (2023), directed by Trygve Luktvasslimo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bingol University Journal of Economics & Administrative Science is the property of Bingol University Journal of Economics & Administrative Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Progress in this digital era and the growing economic activity that occurs in human existence, this is also what can be the focus. Due to the widespread use of the internet and social media in the country, the growth of the digital economy in Indonesia is considered to have great potential. In an economic context in this digital era, this is evidence that growth and development are growing. As a result, more and more commerce and commercial transactions use the Internet as a digital medium for communication, collaboration, and joint ventures between individuals or businesses. Cryptocurrencies are one of those things that are now making it easier for people to make virtual commercial transactions. Cryptocurrency is a technique that uses a cryptographic technology system to assist in processing cryptocurrencies, and digital assets. The Greek words graphein, meaning writing or science, and kriptó, meaning hidden or secret, are the sources of the words cryptology and cryptography. In this case, to be able to find out the regulations regarding the legitimacy of using crypto assets in the form of bitcoin to be used as a transaction tool in paying attention to the regulations of the Currency Law, ITE Law, and Bank Indonesia Regulations. As well as to identify whether the losses incurred on crypto assets can be guaranteed for their civil rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research is being done right now to try to predict the future value of cryptocurrency. The possibility of using a python-based approach has been explored by the scientific community as a means of realizing this aim. In predictive analytics, it is becoming standard practice to use the same dataset for both training and testing purposes. Traditional studies have been slowed down by problems with precision and efficiency. This research makes use of optimization and the Python programming language to provide a versatile prediction model with little implementation time. Dataset size is decreased when classification is performed in Python, which shortens the training period. Eliminating extraneous information also improves the performance of the trained model. Because of this change, we want to develop a system that is both adaptable and extensible. To put it another way, such a system would help cryptocurrency investors make better decisions while buying and selling cryptocurrency. Using several factors, the study's results have significantly influenced Bitcoin price forecasts. Investment choices are often guided by such analyses for many fund managers and private investors. Scientists have developed a flexible and scalable strategy for determining an appropriate script's ideal value. Investors will need a mechanism to choose which currency to purchase at any given moment according to market circumstances as trading platforms progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Block chain technology is becoming more and more important as it is being applied in many fields of business. Blockchain serves as a continuing book of records enabling transactions to develop in decentralized circumstances. Although it is a relatively new technology (first theoretical work dates from 2008), developed and applied primarily in payment systems (Bitcoin), it appeared that its potentials are far beyond it. Within the period from its beginning until the present day, this technology has been considerably improved, applied algorithms perfected and accommodated to contemporary business environment. Research in the field of application concerning this technology was made on the basis of available literature and papers published in relevant journals. The paper represents a comprehensive review of possibilities in Blockchain technology application in contemporary business environment, its benefits and shortcomings as well as security problems appearing in theory and practice. This paper also deals with the analysis of possible trends in the mentioned field.

Kripto paralar, dijital para birimleridir. Merkezi veri tabanı olmayan verileri blok zincir sistemi ile muhafaza ve teyit eden bir algoritmadır. Kripto paralar merkeziyetsiz para, düşük işlem maliyeti ve hızlı fon transferi gibi amaçlarla mevcut para piyasasına alternatif olarak ortaya çıkarken zamanla kripto piyasasının sermaye piyasalarına da alternatif özellikler sergilediği görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada kripto paralarla menkul kıymet borsaları arasındaki volatilite yayılımı incelenmiştir. Çalışmada kripto paraları temsilen bitcoin, etherium, litecoin ve ripple kullanılırken borsaları temsilen S&P500 (ABD), DAX (Almanya), Shanghai (Çin) ve BİST100 (Türkiye) endeksleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma dönemi 24 Ağustos 2016 – 18 Kasım 2021 şeklinde oluşturulmuş ve volatilite yayılımı Diebold ve Yılmaz (2012) yayılım endeksiyle araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada borsa endeksleriyle kripto para getirileri arasında karşılıklı volatilite yayılımı olduğu görülmüştür. Net volatilite yayılımlarına bakıldığında, S&P500 endeksinin örneklem içinde volatilite yayıcısı olduğu bu özelliği etherium ve bitcoinin izlediği buna karşın Shanghai, BİST100 ve DAX endekslerinin volatilite alıcısı oldukları, bu endeksleri litecoin ve ripplenin izlediği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca COVID-19 salgın döneminde volatilite yayılım endeksinin önemli derecede arttığı, COVID-19 aşılama süreciyle birlikte volatilite yayılım endeksinin tekrar azalmaya başladığı anlaşılmıştır.

. The rise of crypto currency has prompted numerous calls for financial regulation. The study's objective was to identify regulatory concerns and their impact on regulation of crypto currency usage in Zimbabwe. A probability sampling method was used to pick 450 respondents from banks and regulatory institutions. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain data from the selected respondents. The primary elements impacting crypto currency regulation were identified using an ordinal logistic regression modelling technique. Money laundering, financial stability, consumer protection, monetary policy and tax evasion were found to be regulatory concerns that influences regulation of crypto currency usage in Zimbabwe. Based on these findings the author presented proposals such as incorporating Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) into applicable legislation and reaping the benefits of crypto currency through the issuance of CBDC.

Introduction: E-commerce transactions that develop, of course, bring changes to agreements that have been carried out conventionally, the digital era has finally brought about a new world called the metaverse with a number of assets in the form of objects such as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) and Crypto Currency that only exist in cyberspace. Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this research is to examine how the validity of agreements in the digital era, especially regarding electronic contracts and the purchase of Crypto Currency and NFT from Indonesian law persperctive. Methods of the Research: This research is descriptive analytical with a normative juridical type using primary, secondary and tertiary data from literature studies, both legislation and legal literature and other documents. Results of the Research: Both electronic contracts and electronic signatures used in e-commerce already have a legal basis so that their use is not something that is prohibited. Talking about the validity of an agreement will not be separated from Article 1320 of the Civil Code which requires 4 points that must be fulfilled in order for an agreement to be valid in the eyes of the law. This also applies to buying and selling crypto and NFT. Crypto is actually a currency, not recognized by the state. However, crypto can be traded and recognized as a trading commodity. NFT does not yet have special regulations, but the legal requirements for buying and selling NFT are still met even if the transaction uses crypto.

With the development of technology and IT services soon the cashless transactions came into limelight and digital money came into existence. Now virtual money which is crypto currency shook the economic system of the world. Crypto currency received its name because it uses encryption to verify transactions. This means advanced coding is involved in storing and transmitting crypto currency data between wallets and to public ledgers. The aim of encryption is to provide security and safety. Crypto currencies don't have a central issuing or regulating authority, instead using a decentralized system to record transactions and issue new units. Instead of being physical money carried around and exchanged in the real world, crypto currency payments exist purely as digital entries to an online database describing specific transactions. When you transfer crypto currency funds, the transactions are recorded in a public ledger. Crypto currency is stored in digital wallets. This study is aimed towards detailed study of crypto currency wallets in crypto currency. For the study the secondary data sources have been taken into consideration. The study finds that security factor in Crypto Currency wallets make it worthy to invest in it. The cryptographic keys increase the confidence to invest in crypto currency and keep the crypto in the wallets. With block chain technology evolving, crypto wallets are expected to be adopted by many businesses, eventually becoming main stream [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of crypto currency has prompted numerous calls for financial regulation. The study's objective was to identify regulatory concerns and their impact on regulation of crypto currency usage in Zimbabwe. A probability sampling method was used to pick 450 respondents from banks and regulatory institutions. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain data from the selected respondents. The primary elements impacting crypto currency regulation were identified using an ordinal logistic regression modelling technique. Money laundering, financial stability, consumer protection, monetary policy and tax evasion were found to be regulatory concerns that influences regulation of crypto currency usage in Zimbabwe. Based on these findings the author presented proposals such as incorporating Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) into applicable legislation and reaping the benefits of crypto currency through the issuance of CBDC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blokzincir teknolojisi, bütün kayıt ve işlemlerin sistemde yer alan tüm bireylere açık olduğu herkes tarafından görülebildiği ve yeni kayıt eklenebildiği, şifrelenmiş işlem ve süreçlerin takibini sağlayan dağıtık veri kayıt sistemidir. Blokzincir teknolojisi denince akla ilk finans alanında; dijital para birimleri, bu dijital paraların transferi ve kaydı gelse de birçok farklı endüstride kullanım alanı bulmaktadır. Birçok endüstride yürütülen projelerde özellikle verilerin ve süreçlerin kaydının tutulması konusunda dağıtık veri kayıt sisteminden yararlanılmaktadır. Blokzincir teknolojisi birçok alanda güvenlik sorununa çözüm üreterek özellikle dijital para kullanımının artmasına vesile olmuştur. Bir kısım için resmi bir otorite tarafından desteklenmeyen dijital paralarda güven sorunu ön planda yer alırken bir kısım da kripto parayı fırsat, geleceğin kaçınılmaz evrensel parası olarak nitelendirmektedir. Çalışmada blokzincir teknolojisi avantaj ve dezavantajlı yönleriyle incelenmiş, kripto para konusuna Dünya ve Türkiye’nin yaklaşımları değerlendirilmiştir. Geçmişi yakın tarih olan kripto para alanında Türkiye’nin hızlı hareket ederek, ortak para birimi çıkartması gerekliliği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Following the rise and fall of cryptocurrency fees in recent years, Bitcoin has increasingly become a source of finance. There might be a need for great projections on which to base financing decisions due to its incredibly unstable nature. While the current study used system mastery to anticipate Bitcoin charges with more accuracy, few studies have examined the practicality of applying alternative modelling approaches to samples with different fact systems and dimensional capacities. We first divide the Bitcoin charge into daily and highfrequency components in order to predict it at various frequencies by employing system mastering techniques. Logistic Regression and Linear Discriminant Analysis are two statistical techniques for Bitcoin. Daily charge prediction with high-dimensional capabilities performs better than more difficult system mastering techniques with a 66 percent accuracy rate. With the best statistical techniques and system mastery algorithms with accuracy rates of 66 percent and 65.3 percent, respectively, we outperform benchmark effects for daily charge prediction. Statistics are updated from ML, models including "Random Forest, XG Boost, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, Support Vector Machine, and Long Short-term Memory for Bitcoin 5-minute C language charge prediction, and they achieve an accuracy of 67.2 percent". When examining the significance of pattern measurement in system mastering tactics, our research on the prediction of Bitcoin charges may be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper's recognition of the emerging phenomenon of cryptocurrencies. The rise of cryptocurrencies’ value available on the market and the growing recognition round the arena open some of demanding situations and concerns for business and commercial economics. The studies changed into realized by way of the technique description, literature evaluation, and carried out research. This paper discusses the primary developments inside the academic studies related to the Present Scenario of Cryptocurrency, a short overview of Cryptocurrency, cryptocurrencies through market capitalization, Cryptocurrencies Trending in Asia, Cryptocurrency in India, Cryptocurrency Exchanges, cryptocurrency rules internationally. Cryptocurrency inside the surroundings, and Cryptocurrency Security. The record also covers the responses of governments and imperative banks to this phenomenon and the modern nation of legal definitions of cryptocurrencies in chosen countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though a Crypto-currency management is a digital financial platform operated in the borderless cyberspace, but it shall require to be established as a registered company with a separate legal entity. Among the prerequisite of a Shari'ah (Islamic law) alternative Crypto-currency model is to be formalized under the company's rules either onshore or offshore as a separate legal entity. It shall be managed based on an acceptable system, operational mechanism, standard planning and strategies, legitimate objectives and manifesto, documentations and manuals, policies and guidelines, which all shall be complying to the Shari'ah, law and policies within the Maqasid al-Shari'ah1 (divine objectives). In this chapter however, an attempt is made to analyze the operational mechanisms of Cryptocurrency amidst Maqasid al-Shari'ah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Efil Journal of Economic Research / Efil Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Efil Journal of Economic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article forecasting of daily closing price series of Bitcoin, Ripple, Dash, Litecoin and Ethereum crypto currencies, using data on prices (open, low, high), market capital and volumes using prior days is focused. The value conduct of cryptographic forms of money remains to a great extent neglected, giving new chances to scientists and business analysts to feature the likenesses and contrasts with standard monetary costs. Hence the paper is focused on this area. he results are compared with various benchmarks. Predictions are done using statistical techniques and machine learning algorithms. A simple linear regression (SLR) model that uses only a single-variable sequence of closing prices for forecasting, and a multiple linear regression (MLR) model that uses a multivariate sequence of prices and quantities at the same time. The simple linear regression (SLR) model for univariate serial forecasting uses only closing prices. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and relative Root Mean Square Error (relative RMSE) performance measures are considered. The accuracy achieved by the ARIMA model on our dataset is the highest, followed by Multivariable Linear Regression and LSTM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crypto currencies, electronic currencies and block chain financial technologies (Fintech), have been debated issues whereby national governments are trying to put certain regulation upon them, especially citing security concerns. Crypto currencies can be used for money laundering, untraceable transactions of criminal and terrorist organizations and thus constitute genuine security risks. To many evangelists of these new technologies, governmental desires to impose regulations is viewed negatively. However, although usage of these technologies will likely continue to expand in the global economy, there is a desire to put them under regulation by most of the major nation states. It is necessary to understand the essence of currency as a tool of national sovereignty long before the age of the Westphalian concept of the modern state system. The desire to regulate Fintech derives from a concept of sovereign power that goes back to biblical times and far beyond the Westphalian notion of the sovereign and independent modern nation state. That notion of sovereignty rests on the power to mint money. Furthermore, the concept of such a sovereign power is observed in Ancient Rome, Medieval Europe as well as the early Islamic understanding of sovereign power. Thus it is essential to understand globally how the symbol of money has been a sovereignty symbol before starting any discussions on national or international levels of regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research study's goal is to assess the empirical study of Bitcoin adoption based on market efficiency and factors that affect investors' perspective. Empirical research is the focus of this study. India was chosen as the study's location because of the nation's remarkable advancement in the banking and investment sectors, despite its comparatively late entry into these sectors relative to other nations. As a result, an adoption model was examined using an expanded version of the market efficiency model that included new factors. Individual investors of various ages (n=383) made up the sample. The analysis and assessment method for the model was decided upon as structural equation modelling (SEM-AMOS) as well as One Way ANOVA and reliability analysis. The findings revealed that the perceptions of market efficiency, supply, demand, and rival crypto currencies influence Indian investors' decisions to buy Bitcoin. On the other hand, it was discovered that the desire of Indian investors to invest in Bitcoin was not significantly impacted by simplicity of use, profitability, awareness, subjective norms, or trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adoption on any new technology is basically influenced by awareness and attitude. Awareness is the basic element to make people use the technology. Attitude is a secondary element to increase the use of technology by people. It is always the students and youngsters who easily adopt technology and this study is conducted with college students studying various courses like engineering, medicine, science, arts and humanities. The objectives of the study were to verify the influence of attitude on adoption of cryptocurrency, the influence of awareness on adoption of cryptocurrency and the influence of awareness on attitude towards cryptocurrency. The hypotheses were framed according to the objectives of the study and all the hypotheses were accepted on the basis of p values using PLS SEM. The results of this research study concludes that awareness level on cryptocurrency is high but attitude towards adopting cryptocurrency is low due to various factors like volatility, regulation and so on. People's perception on using cryptocurrency as an exchange medium will change if properly regulated by the regulatory bodies and also the common people has to be educated on the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crypto currency and virtual digital assets are introduced as means of value creation and value of storage which is free from governmental controls. This is controlled by block chain technology. There is no way that a single person controls instead where all the people come together to create a decentralized control where everybody's value is protected. In recent times the crypto currencies are held, transferred, transacted more as means to earn more and more profits and revenue as a trader. Considering this study the taxation aspects of crypto currency are to be discussed at large. The government of India on 1st February 2022 introduced the concept of virtual digital asset and more provision for taxability. In this study authors focused on the study of crypto currency and virtual digital assets importance in India. The income tax aspects and the GST aspect that taxation before 1st April 2022 and after 1st April 2022 how the changes have come and what would be the future implications of taxations of crypto currencies are discussed. The research is based on secondary data taken from Income tax act 1961 and finance act 2022 and further suggestion are given for the strengthening the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information technology developed the "Block chain": a computerized storage system distributed in a dis-centralized way to register facts, transactions and addresses. Each transaction is sent to a user. This system allowed the appearance of a "crypto currency", an electronic currency far from the official monetary institutions 'control. The spread and circulation of this currency between individuals through the network far from any governmental control services presented a real challenge to the monetary law systems and to the criminal protection of the public funds. Here we will face a big challenge when trying to regulate all crimes resulting from the use of Blockchain technology, this technology has a high ability to prove and authenticate, but at the same time, it has a high ability to maintain privacy, and achieve complete confidentiality of transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]