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Herein, we report the synthesis of novel dimeric urea-bridged BODIPY-carbohydrate conjugates, which display circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The dimers are composed of diastereomerically pure, axially chiral (P or M) BODIPY monomers containing a pendant glucose (d- or l-) unit. The latter was intended to add chirality, biocompatibility, and enhanced water solubility and facilitate the chromatographic resolution of the intermediate atropisomers. The dimerization process was based on the ureation reaction of azidomethyl BODIPYs. The rigorous structural assignment was possible by X-ray diffraction analysis of one of the BODIPY atropisomers.

The relationship between chemical structure and chiroptical properties is not always clearly understood. Nowadays, efforts to develop new systems with enhanced optical properties follow the trial-error method. A large number of data would allow us to obtain more robust conclusions and guide research toward molecules with practical applications. In this sense, in this work we predict the chiroptical properties of millions of halogenated [6]helicenes in terms of the rotatory strength (R). We have used DFT calculations to randomly create derivatives including from 1 to 16 halogen atoms, that were then used as a data set to train different deep neural network models. These models allow us to i) predict the R max for any halogenated [6]helicene with a very low computational cost, and ii) to understand the physical reasons that favour some substitutions over others. Finally, we synthesized derivatives with higher predicted R max obtaining excellent correlation among the values obtained experimentally and the predicted ones., (© 2024 The Author(s). Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The thermodynamically controlled self-assembly of bis-bidentate quaterpyridine ligand, L = 2,2':5',5″:2″,2‴-quaterpyridine, with Cr II and subsequent oxidation to Cr III yields the first photoluminescent tetrahedral [Cr III 4 L 6 ] 12+ molecular cage. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals the presence of two homochiral cages (ΛΛΛΛ and ΔΔΔΔ) in the unit cell that crystallize as a racemic mixture. Additionally, a PF 6 anion is observed inside the cavity, in line with isostructural cages built with Ni II or Fe II . Each corner of the polyhedron is occupied by weakly antiferromagnetically coupled {Cr(bipy) 3 } 3+ (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine) patterns, as revealed by magnetometry. Upon light excitation in the UV-vis region, spin-flip luminescence from the 2 E/ 2 excited states with a maximum at 727 nm (13755 cm 1 excited states with a maximum at 727 nm (13755 cm -1 ) was detected at room temperature. The measured excited state lifetime of 183 μs is longer than the 102 μs recorded for the mononuclear [Cr(bipy) 3 ] 3+ complex under anaerobic conditions, whereas the luminescence quantum yields are in the same order of magnitude and amount to 10 -2 %. The photoluminescence brightness, B ·cm -1 ·cm -1 ·cm -1 ·cm -1 for the tetrahedral cage. This 6-fold improvement is observed across the entire excitation wavelength range, and it is due to the incorporation of four light-harvester units in the molecular cage.

As rates of adolescent hospitalization for suicide-related crises increase, so does the urgency for improving adolescent school reintegration. Communication and collaboration are considered key mechanisms for continuity of care during times of transition; however, to date, few studies have identified critical information to share or have explored strategies for navigating challenges to information sharing during and following school reintegration. The present study explored previously hospitalized adolescent (n = 19), parent (n = 19), school professional (n = 19), and hospital professional (n = 19) views of information sharing and their perceptions of facilitators and barriers to this communication. Applied thematic analysis revealed three key themes related to the best information to share across entities, including the (a) need to consider environmental relevance to information (i.e., informing school supports and hospital treatment), (b) importance of considering information unique to each patient's circumstance (i.e., sharing information on a "case-by-case basis"), and (c) duality between families preferring to share minimal information but school professionals desiring the maximum (i.e., less is more vs. more is better). Regarding facilitators and barriers to information sharing, six key themes emerged, including (a) understanding risks and benefits of information sharing; (b) trust in hospitals and schools; (c) mental health stigma; (d) communication processes; (e) navigating individual, family, school, and community contexts; and (f) "push and pull" between privacy and need. Findings inform key considerations for collaborating with families in determining if and what information to share during school reintegration., (Copyright © 2024 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Complete or partial replacement of well-known five-membered chelating 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands with analogous didentate 2,2'-biimidazole (H 2 biim) provides novel perspectives for exploiting the latter pH-tuneable bridging unit for connecting inert trivalent chromium with cationic partners. The most simple homoleptic complex [Cr(H 2 biim) 3 ] 3+ and its stepwise deprotonated analogues are only poorly soluble in most solvents and their characterization is limited to some solid-state structures, in which the pseudo-octahedral [CrN 6 ] units are found to be intermolecularly connected via peripheral N-H⋯X hydrogen bonds. Moreover, the associated high-energy stretching N-H vibrations drastically quench the targeted near infrared (NIR) Cr III -based phosphorescence, which makes these homoleptic building blocks incompatible with the design of molecular-based luminescent assemblies. Restricting the number of bound 2,2'-biimidazole ligands to a single unit in the challenging heteroleptic [Cr(phen) 2 (H x biim)] (1+ x )+ ( x = 2-0) complexes overcomes the latter limitations and allows (i) the synthesis and characterization of these [CrN 6 ] chromophores in the solid state and in solution, (ii) the stepwise and controlled deprotonation of the bound 2,2'-biimidazole ligand and (iii) the implementation of Cr-centered phosphorescence with energies, lifetimes and quantum yields adapted for using the latter chromophores as sensitizers in promising 'complex-as-ligand' strategies.

Background: Phase 3 trials of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) combination treatment in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) with ≥1 F508del-CFTR allele showed profound short-term effects on lung function, weight, and pulmonary exacerbations (PEx). The authors conducted a 12-month study to add evidence on the real-world long-term effectiveness and safety of CFTR modulator therapy with ELX/TEZ/IVA in Portuguese CF adult population., Methods: Ambispective, multicentre, observational, real-life study involving all the Portuguese CF Reference Centres. Adult patients on treatment with ELX/TEZ/IVA combination outside clinical trials were included. Demographics, efficacy, and safety variables on the first 12 months of treatment were compared with the pre-treatment year., Results: 132 adult people with CF were included, of which 119 completed 12 months treatment (mean duration of treatment 21.5 months). Mean age was 31.7 ± 11.0 years, 53 % patients were homozygous for the F508del variant, baseline sweat chloride was 86.7 ± 25.9 mmol/L and pre-treatment percent-predicted FEV 1 was 77.9 ± 19.7 %. At 1 year, mean absolute change from baseline in FEV 1 was +0.46L (95 % CI: 0.37, 0.55; p < 0.001) and +13.9 percentage points (95 % CI: 11.5, 16.2; p < 0.001). PEx episodes decreased by 78 % (p < 0.001) and hospitalizations for PEx decreased by 91.4 % (p < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) increased 1.2 kg/m 2 (95 % CI: 0.9, 1.5; p < 0.001). Mean sweat chloride variation was -44.5 mmol/L (95 % CI: -49.8, -39.2; p < 0.001). No correlation was found between sweat chloride and lung function (r = -0.116, p = 0.335). There were no major safety concerns. Of note, headache was reported in 7.6 % and neuropsychiatric manifestations occurred in 12.6 % treated patients, being anxiety and depressive disorders the most common., Conclusions: ELX/TEZ/IVA treatment in Portuguese adults with CF was associated with significant improvement in lung function, a drop in PEx and PEx-related hospitalizations and increase in BMI at 12 months and was well tolerated. These results add knowledge to our understanding of clinical benefits and tolerability of ELX/TEZ/IVA. Careful evaluation of adverse effects of ELX/TEZ/IVA therapy and its determinants, mainly concerning mental health, are a research priority., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Elsa Fragoso reports a relationship with Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Pilar Azevedo reports a relationship with Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated that includes: consulting or advisory and speaking and lecture fees. Adelina Amorim reports a relationship with Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated that includes: consulting or advisory and speaking and lecture fees. Fernanda Gamboa reports a relationship with Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated that includes: consulting or advisory and speaking and lecture fees. Ana Sofia Santos reports a relationship with Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated that includes: speaking and lecture fees. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A path to sustainably reduce world hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition is to close the crop yield gap, particularly, losses due to pathogens. Breeding resistant crops is key to achieving this goal, an effort requiring collaboration among stakeholders, scientists, breeders, farmers and policymakers. During a disease outbreak, epidemiologists survey the occurrence of a disease after which pathologists investigate mechanisms to stop an infection. Policymakers then implement strategies with farmers and breeders to overcome the outbreak. Information flow from the field to the lab and back to the field involves several processing hubs that require different information inputs. Failure to communicate the necessary information results in the transfer of meaningless data. Here, we discuss gaps in information acquisition and transfer between the field and laboratory. Using rice bacterial blight disease as an example, we discuss pathogen biology and disease resistance to point out the importance of reporting pathogen strains that caused an outbreak to optimize the deployment of resistant crop varieties. We examine differences between infection in the field and assays performed in the laboratory to draw awareness of possible misinformation concerning plant resistance or susceptibility. We discuss key data considered useful for reporting disease outbreaks, sampling bias, and suggestions for improving data quality. We also touch on the knowledge gap in the state-of-the-art literature regarding disease dispersal and transmission. We use a recent case study to exemplify the gaps mentioned. We conclude by highlighting potential actions that may contribute to food security and to closing of the yield gap.

Introduction: Having more "autistic traits" is associated with an increased risk of mental health conditions. However, few studies have examined autistic traits in nonclinical samples. This study aims to analyze the relationship between autistic traits and internalizing symptoms among early adolescents and to examine the moderating effect of self-efficacy., Methods: Survey data were collected from early adolescents ages 10-14 living in Darjeeling, India (n = 274) to assess autistic traits, self-efficacy, and internalizing symptoms., Results: Higher internalizing symptoms were significantly associated with a higher report of autistic traits. Academic, social, and emotional dimensions of self-efficacy moderated the relationship between autistic traits and internalizing symptoms., Conclusion: The moderation effects between social and emotional self-efficacy among youth with high versus low autism trait scores suggest the need for social-emotional learning interventions designed for and with neurodivergent youth. Such interventions aim to reduce internalizing symptoms during early adolescence and improve future mental health trajectories., (© 2024 The Author(s). Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

We report the synthesis and study of the optoelectronic, magnetic, and chiroptical properties of a helically chiral diradicaloid based on dibenzoindeno[2,1- c ]fluorene. The molecule shows a small HOMO-LUMO gap and a moderate singlet-triplet gap, which agrees with the results of DFT calculations. The helical structure of the compound, confirmed by X-ray diffraction, is configurationally stable, which allows the isolation of both enantiomers and the evaluation of the chiroptical properties (ECD).

For the first time, the dual effect of coffee cherry sanitization methods to control the microbial load in processing and the influence of fermentation time on coffee quality parameters was evaluated. Two assays were carried out by wet processing: I) Sanitization of the coffee cherry (ST1: Unclassified processed cherries; ST2: Classified and sanitized cherries with drinking water; ST3: Classified and sanitized cherries with a chemical agents and II) Fermentation times (FT1: 12 h; FT2: 24 h; FT3: 48 h; FT4: 72 h and FT5: 96 h). pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were monitored during fermentation. Counts of Lactic Acid Bacteria - LAB, mesophiles, and yeasts were carried out on the coffee mass before and after fermentation. Caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents were determined by HPLC-DAD and the sensory profile by methodology for specialty coffees (SCA). The main findings showed that: sanitization with Timsen® did not significantly influence the evolution of pH during fermentation (p > 0.05), but it can reduce to a small extent the action of LAB at the end of the process. It was observed that the temperature of the coffee mass tends to balance with the ambient temperature, with significant effects (p < 0.05) of sanitization (ST2 and ST3) on the stability of this variable during fermentation. Timsen® as a disinfectant affected microbial populations and improved the sensory profile in the cup. In prolonged coffee fermentations (FT3, FT4 and FT5), the pH of the coffee mass tended to stabilize after 36 h, regardless of the process time. Likewise, a correlation was evident between a higher microbial load correlated with better sensory profiles in FT4 and FT5. Neither the sanitization process nor the fermentation time significantly affected the caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents of the coffee, both in its green and roasted states. Consequently, the sanitization of cherry coffee with Timsen® and prolonged fermentation times favor the safety and coffee final quality in the cup., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

A pair of enantiopure [6]-azairidahelicenes incorporating chirality at the metal center and on the helicenic ligand were synthesized by dynamic kinetic resolution (dkr) of a configurationally labile [4]-helicenic ligand (4-(2-pyridyl)-benzo[g]phenanthrene, L1H) using bis-cyclometalated chiral-at-metal only iridium(III) precursors as chiral inductors. The origin of the observed dkr is attributed to the different conformation and stability of diastereomeric reaction intermediates formed during the cyclometalation process. The isolated enantiomers exhibited circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP), with |g phos | values of 1.8×10 -3 ., (© 2024 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Adolescent psychiatric hospitalization for suicide-related crises continues to rise. Although previous reviews have identified frameworks for supporting youth as they return to school settings, there is a need to identify and address barriers to collaboration across hospitals and schools. This qualitative study explored school and hospital professional perspectives to inform a pathway toward partnership for improving practices for school reintegration. As part of a larger project that has been developing guidelines for adolescent school reintegration following psychiatric hospitalization for suicide-related crises, the present study explored professional perceptions of (a) school interactions during hospital stays and (b) recommendations for adolescents, families, school professionals, and hospital professionals. We conducted in-depth interviews with 19 school professionals and seven hospital professionals and analyzed transcribed interviews using Applied Thematic Analysis. Communication and collaboration emerged as cross-cutting themes across research questions, with additional themes considered across a continuum of care. Findings inform the ways in which professionals can collaborate to support adolescent recovery, spanning universal approaches implemented in advance of a crisis to approaches enacted during and following psychiatric care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Persistent chiral organic open-shell systems have captured growing interest due to their potential applications in organic spintronic and optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, the integration of configurationally stable chirality into an organic open-shell system continues to pose challenges in molecular design. The π-extended skeleton incorporated in spiro-conjugated carbocycles can provide robust chiroptical properties and a significant stabilization of the excited and ionic radical states. However, this approach has been relatively less explored in the design of persistent organic open-shell systems. We report here the ( S,S )-, ( R,R )-, and meso- isomers of doubly spiro-conjugated carbocycles featuring flat and rigid carbon-bridged para -phenylenevinylene ( CPV ) of different conjugation lengths connected by two spiro-carbon centers, which we denote D-spiro-CPV for its quasi-dimeric structure. Our synthetic method based on a double lithiation cyclization approach enables facile production of D-spiro-CPV . D-spiro-CPVs exhibit circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with high fluorescence quantum yields (Φ FL ) resulting in a high CPL brightness of 21 M -1 cm -1 and also exhibit high thermal and photostability. The monoradical cation of D-spiro-CPV absorbing near-infrared light is notably persistent, exhibiting a half-life of 570 h under ambient conditions due to doubly spiro-conjugative stabilization. Theoretical and electrochemical studies indicate the radical cation of D-spiro-CPVs presents a non-Aufbau electron filling, exhibiting inversion of the energy level of the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) and the highest (doubly) occupied molecular orbitals with the SOMO level even below the HOMO-1 level (double SHI effect). Our discoveries provide valuable insights into non-Aufbau molecules and the development of configurationally stable, optically active persistent radicals.

Reactions of open-shell molecular graphene fragments are typically thought of as undesired decomposition processes because they lead to the loss of desired features like π-magnetism. Oxidative dimerization of phenalenyl to peropyrene shows, however, that these transformations hold promise as a synthetic tool for making complex structures via formation of multiple bonds and rings in a single step. Here, we explore the feasibility of using this "undesired" reaction of phenalenyl to build up strain and provide access to non-planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. To this end, we designed and synthesized a biradical system with two phenalenyl units linked via a biphenylene backbone. The design facilitates an intramolecular cascade reaction to a helically twisted saddle-shaped product, where the key transformations-ring-closure and ring-fusion-occur within one reaction. The negative curvature of the final peropyrene product, induced by the formed eight-membered ring, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and the helical twist was validated via resolution of the product's enantiomers that display circularly polarized luminescence and high configurational stability., (© 2024 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The interest in Cr(III) complexes has been renewed over the past decades for building practical guidelines in the design of efficient earth-abundant phosphorescent near-infrared emitters. In that context, we report the first family of homoleptic tri(didentate) Cr(III) complexes [Cr L 3 ] 3+ based on polyaromatic ligands inducing 6-membered chelate rings, namely, the bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)ketone ( L = bik), bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)methane ( L = bim), and bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)ethane ( L = bie) ligands. The programmed close-to-perfect octahedral microsymmetry of {Cr III N 6 } chromophores found in [Cr(bik) 3 ](OTf) 3 ( 1 ), [Cr(bim) 3 ](OTf) 3 ( 2 ), and [Cr(bie) 3 ](BF 4 ) 3 ( 3 ) ensures a ligand-field strength large enough to induce intense and long-lived Cr-based phosphorescence. Impressive excited-state lifetimes (5.0-8.2 ms) were obtained at low temperatures for the [Cr( L ) 3 ] 3+ in deaerated solutions. Moreover, the photophysical features of the three homoleptic complexes are barely influenced by the presence of dioxygen presumably because of the poor overlap between the Cr-based phosphorescence spectra (ca. 14100 cm 1 in deaerated solutions. Moreover, the photophysical features of the three homoleptic complexes are barely influenced by the presence of dioxygen presumably because of the poor overlap between the Cr-based phosphorescence spectra (ca. 14100 cm -1 ) and the 1 Σ g + transition in the absorption spectrum of dioxygen (13100 cm 3 Σ g - transition in the absorption spectrum of dioxygen (13100 cm -1 ). The multiredox electrochemical pattern of 1 is evidenced by cyclic voltammetry as well as its strong photooxidant behavior. The pH sensitivity of 2 and 3 luminescence is discussed, along with the reactivity of their β-diketiminate derivatives.

Background: Task-shifted, teacher-led care may begin to bridge the child mental health care gap in low- and middle-income countries by improving mental health literacy. We explore the perceived impact of RESEED (Responding to Students' Emotions through Education), an abbreviated version of Tealeaf (Teachers Leading the Frontlines)., Methods: After classroom implementation of tools from a 3-day training on child mental health and cognitive behavioral techniques in Darjeeling, India, 29 teachers participated in focus group discussions (FGDs)., Results: Inductive content analyses of FGDs demonstrated RESEED's acceptability, positive overall impact, and barriers., Conclusions: Stepped levels of teacher-led care may support child mental health in resource-limited settings through mental reframing., (© 2023 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.)

The development of chiral compounds with enhanced chiroptical properties is an important challenge to improve device applications. To that end, an optimization of the electric and magnetic dipole transition moments of the molecule is necessary. Nevertheless, the relationship between chemical structure and such quantum mechanical properties is not always clear. That is the case of magnetic dipole transition moment (m) for which no general trends for its optimization have been suggested. In this work we propose a general rationalization for improving the magnitude of m in different families of chiral compounds. Performing a clustering analysis of hundreds of transitions, we have been able to identify a single group in which |m| value is maximized along the helix axis. More interestingly, we have found an accurate linear relationship (up to R 2 =0.994) between the maximum value of this parameter and the area of the inner cavity of the helix, thus resembling classical behavior of solenoids. This research provides a tool for the rationalized synthesis of compounds with improved chiroptical responses., (© 2023 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Harnessing sunlight via photosensitizing molecules is key for novel optical applications and solar-to-chemical energy conversion. Exploiting abundant metals such as iron is attractive but becomes challenging due to typically fast nonradiative relaxation processes. In this work, we report on the luminescence and excited-state reactivity of the heteroleptic [Fe III (pzTp)(CN) 3 ] - complex (pzTp = tetrakis(pyrazolyl)borate), which incorporates a σ-donating trispyrazolyl chelate ligand and three monodentate σ-donating and π-accepting cyanide ligands. Contrary to the nonemissive [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- , a broad emission band centered at 600 nm at room temperature has been recorded for the heteroleptic analogue attributed to the radiative deactivation from a 2 LMCT excited state with a luminescence quantum yield of 0.02% and a lifetime of 80 ps in chloroform at room temperature. Bimolecular reactivity of the 2 LMCT excited state was successfully applied to different alcohol photo-oxidation, identifying a cyanide-H bonding as a key reaction intermediate. Finally, this research demonstrated the exciting potential of [Fe(pzTp)(CN) 3 ] - as a photo-oxidant, paving the way for further exploration and development of emissive Fe-based photosensitizers competent for photochemical transformations.

Background: The burden of maternal morbidity in neonatal outcomes can vary with the adequacy of healthcare provision and tool implementation to improve monitoring. Such information is lacking in Latin American countries, where the decrease in severe maternal morbidity and maternal death remains challenging., Objectives: To determine neonatal outcomes according to maternal characteristics, including different degrees of maternal morbidity in Latin American health facilities., Methods: This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the Perinatal Information System (SIP) database from eight health facilities in five Latin American and Caribbean countries. Participants were all women delivering from August 2018 to June 2021, excluding cases of abortion, multiple pregnancies and missing information on perinatal outcomes. As primary and secondary outcome measures, neonatal near miss and neonatal death were measured according to maternal/pregnancy characteristics and degrees of maternal morbidity. Estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PRadj) with their respective 95% CIs were reported., Results: In total 85,863 live births were included, with 1,250 neonatal near miss (NNM) cases and 695 identified neonatal deaths. NNM and neonatal mortality ratios were 14.6 and 8.1 per 1,000 live births, respectively. Conditions independently associated with a NNM or neonatal death were the need for neonatal resuscitation (PR adj 16.73, 95% CI [13.29-21.05]), being single (PR adj 1.45, 95% CI [1.32-1.59]), maternal near miss or death (PR adj 1.64, 95% CI [1.14-2.37]), preeclampsia (PR adj 3.02, 95% CI [1.70-5.35]), eclampsia/HELPP (PR adj 1.50, 95% CI [1.16-1.94]), maternal age (years) (PR adj 1.01, 95% CI [<1.01-1.02]), major congenital anomalies (PR adj 3.21, 95% CI [1.43-7.23]), diabetes (PR adj 1.49, 95% CI [1.11-1.98]) and cardiac disease (PR adj 1.65, 95% CI [1.14-2.37])., Conclusion: Maternal morbidity leads to worse neonatal outcomes, especially in women suffering maternal near miss or death. Based on SIP/PAHO database all these indicators may be helpful for routine situation monitoring in Latin America with the purpose of policy changes and improvement of maternal and neonatal health.

Objective: To determine stillbirth ratio and its association with maternal, perinatal, and delivery characteristics, as well as geographic differences in Latin American countries (LAC)., Methods: We analysed data from the Perinatal Information System of the Latin American Center for Perinatology and Human Development (CLAP) between January 2018 and June 2021 in 8 health facilities from five LAC countries (Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic). Maternal, pregnancy, and delivery characteristics, in addition to pregnancy outcomes were reported. Estimates of association were tested using chi-square tests, and P < 0.05 was regarded as significant. Bivariate analysis was conducted to estimate stillbirth risk. Prevalence ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each predictor were reported., Results: In total, 101,852 childbirths comprised the SIP database. For this analysis, we included 99,712 childbirths. There were 762 stillbirths during the study period; the Stillbirth ratio of 7.7/1,000 live births (ranged from 3.8 to 18.2/1,000 live births across the different maternities); 586 (76.9%) were antepartum stillbirths, 150 (19.7%) were intrapartum stillbirths and 26 (3.4%) with an ignored time of death. Stillbirth was significantly associated with women with diabetes (PRadj 2.36; 95%CI [1.25-4.46]), preeclampsia (PRadj 2.01; 95%CI [1.26-3.19]), maternal age (PRadj 1.04; 95%CI [1.02-1.05]), any medical condition (PRadj 1.48; 95%CI [1.24-1.76, and severe maternal outcome (PRadj 3.27; 95%CI [3.27-11.66])., Conclusions: Pregnancy complications and maternal morbidity were significantly associated with stillbirths. The stillbirth ratios varied across the maternity hospitals, which highlights the importance for individual surveillance. Specialized antenatal and intrapartum care remains a priority, particularly for women who are at a higher risk of stillbirth., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 de Mucio et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Introduction: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are envisioned as a potential cellular vehicle for targeted cancer therapies due to their tumor tropism and immune permissiveness. An obstacle in their use is the duality in their interactions within tumors, rendering them pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic, in a context dependent manner. MSC preconditioning, or priming, has been proposed as a strategy for directing the effector properties of MSC at tumor sites. Methods: We primed human MSC derived from adipose tissues (ASC), a clinically advantageous MSC source, utilizing toll-like receptor agonists. Subsequently, we explored the consequences in tumor progression and transcriptome upon the interaction of tumor cells with primed or unprimed ASC in an in vivo model of prostate cancer, the second most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer related death in men in the USA. Results and discussion: In the studied model, poly I:C-primed ASC were found to significantly accelerate tumor growth progression. And while unprimed and LPS-primed ASC did not exert a significant effect on tumor growth at the macroscopic level, gene expression analyses suggested that all treatments promoted distinct modulatory effects in the tumor microenvironment, including altered modulation of angiogenesis, and immune response processes. However, the effects resulting from the collective interaction across these processes must be sufficiently skewed in a pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic direction for evidence of tumor progression modulation to be detectable at the macroscopic level. Our study highlights potential MSC-tumor microenvironment interactions that may be leveraged and should be considered in the development of cancer therapeutics utilizing MSC., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Rivera-Cruz, Kumar and Figueiredo.)

Background: Latin America has the highest Cesarean Section Rates (CSR) in the world. Robson's Ten Group Classification System (RTGCS) was developed to enable understanding the CSR in different groups of women, classified according to obstetric characteristics into one of ten groups. The size of each CS group may provide helpful data on quality of care in a determined region or setting. Data can potentially be used to compare the impact of conditions such as maternal morbidity on CSR. The objective of this study is to understand the impact of Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM) on CSR in ten different groups of RTGCS., Methods: Secondary analysis of childbirth information from 2018 to 2021, including 8 health facilities from 5 Latin American and Caribbean countries (Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic), using a surveillance database (SIP-Perinatal Information System, in Spanish) implemented in different settings across Latin America. Women were classified into one of RTGCS. The frequency of each group and its respective CSR were described. Furthermore, the sample was divided into two groups, according to maternal outcomes: women without SMM and those who experienced SMM, considering Potentially Life-threatening Conditions, Maternal Near Miss and Maternal Death as the continuum of morbidity., Results: Available data were obtained from 92,688 deliveries using the Robson Classification. Overall CSR was around 38%. Group 5 was responsible for almost one-third of cesarean sections. SMM occurred in 6.7% of cases. Among these cases, the overall CSR was almost 70% in this group. Group 10 had a major role (preterm deliveries). Group 5 (previous Cesarean section) had a very high CSR within the group, regardless of the occurrence of maternal morbidity (over 80%)., Conclusion: Cesarean section rate was higher in women experiencing SMM than in those without SMM in Latin America. SMM was associated with higher Cesarean section rates, especially in groups 1 and 3. Nevertheless, group 5 was the major contributor to the overall CSR., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

We report the synthesis and characterization of a novel type of nanohoop, consisting of a cycloparaphenylene derivative incorporating a curved heptagon-containing π-extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) unit. We demonstrate that this new macrocycle behaves as a supramolecular receptor of curved π-systems such as fullerenes C 60 and C 70 , with remarkably large binding constants (ca. 10 7  M -1 ), as estimated by fluorescence measurements. Nanosecond and femtosecond spectroscopic analysis show that these host-guest complexes are capable of quasi-instantaneous charge separation upon photoexcitation, due to the ultrafast charge transfer from the macrocycle to the complexed fullerene. These results demonstrate saddle-shaped PAHs with dibenzocycloheptatrienone motifs as structural components for new macrocycles displaying molecular receptor abilities and versatile photochemical responses with promising electron-donor properties in host-guest complexes., (© 2023 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Litopenaeus vannamei, the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, is one of the most marketable species in aquaculture worldwide. However, it is susceptible to different infections causing considerable losses in production each year. Consequently, using prebiotics that promotes the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and strengthen the immune system is a current strategy for disease control. In this study, we isolated two strains of E. faecium from the gut of L. vannamei fed with agavin-supplemented diets. These isolates showed antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus , most likely due to peptidoglycan hydrolase (PGH) activity. Furthermore, we sequenced the genome of one isolate. As a result, we observed three proteins related to the production of bacteriocins, a relevant trait for selecting probiotic strains since they can inhibit the invasion of potential pathogens. Additionally, the genome annotation showed genes related to the production of essential nutrients for the host. It lacked two of the most common factors associated with virulence in Enterococcus pathogenic strains (esp and hyl). Thus, this host-probiotic-derived strain has potential application not only in shrimp health but also in alternative aquatic environments, as it is adapted to coexist within the gut shrimp microbiota, independently of the diet.

Background: Suicide rates among adolescents increased over the past few decades. Following psychiatric hospitalization, many adolescents return to school, a context that can influence recovery. Families can play an integral role in supporting adolescents through the hospitalization and school reentry process; however, little research has focused on family experiences during adolescent school reentry. Grounded in ecological systems theory, the aim of the present study was to explore the experiences of caregivers whose children were hospitalized for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) and provide recommendations for the school reentry process., Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with caregivers (n = 19) whose adolescents returned to school following hospitalization for suicide-related crises. Researchers analyzed the transcribed interviews using applied thematic analysis., Results: Themes emerged regarding academic difficulties during hospitalization; breakdowns in communication between schools, families, and hospitals; logistical challenges during the school reentry planning process; and challenges navigating peer relationships and academics following school reentry., Implications and Conclusions: Few reentry recommendations account for the specific challenges faced by families. Recommendations informed by caregiver experiences are needed to ensure that families can effectively support the recoveries of their children. This study presents caregiver-informed recommendations to facilitate an improved reentry process for caregivers and adolescents., (© 2022 American School Health Association.)

Nanographenes (NGs) have been attracting widespread interest since they combine peculiar properties of graphene with molecular features, such as bright visible photoluminescence. However, our understanding of the fundamental properties of NGs is still hampered by the high degree of heterogeneity usually characterizing most of these materials. In this context, NGs obtained by atomically precise synthesis routes represent optimal benchmarks to unambiguously relate their properties to well-defined structures. Here we investigate in deep detail the optical response of three curved hexa- peri -hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives obtained by atomically precise synthesis routes. They are constituted by the same graphenic core, characterized by the presence of a heptagon ring determining a saddle distortion of their sp 2 network, and differ from each other for slightly different edge functionalization. The quite similar structure allows for performing a direct comparison of their spectroscopic features, from steady-state down to the femtosecond scale, and precisely disentangling the role played by the different edge chemistry.

Background Aims: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a multipotent cell population of clinical interest because of their ability to migrate to injury and tumor sites, where they may participate in tissue repair and modulation of immune response. Although the processes regulating MSC function are incompletely understood, it has been shown that stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can alter MSC activity. More specifically, it has been reported that human bone marrow-derived MSCs can be "polarized" by TLR priming into contrasting immunomodulatory functions, with opposite (supportive or suppressive) roles in tumor progression and inflammation. Adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) represent a promising alternative MSC subpopulation for therapeutic development because of their relative ease of isolation and higher abundance compared with their bone marrow-derived counterparts; however, the polarization of ASCs remains unreported., Methods: In this study, we evaluated the phenotypic and functional consequences of short-term, low-level stimulation of ASCs with TLR3 and TLR4 agonists., Results: In these assays, we identified transient gene expression changes resembling the reported pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory MSC phenotypes. Furthermore, these priming strategies led to changes in the functional properties of ASCs, affecting their ability to migrate and modulate immune-mediated responses to prostate cancer cells in vitro., Conclusions: TLR3 stimulation significantly decreased ASC migration, and TLR4 stimulation increased ASC immune-mediated killing potential against prostate cancer cells., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no commercial, proprietary or financial interest in the products or companies described in this article., (Copyright © 2022 International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The valgus deformity in the tibia requires correction because it places increased pressure on the lateral compartment of the knee, intensifying the degenerative process. Correction strategies are diverse and depend on patient profile, age, and soft-tissue conditions as well as the orthopaedic surgeon's experience with different surgical materials. Deformity size and location are the primary factors contributing to material and shape choice, whether gradual or acute. The only gradual correction approach involves the use of a monolateral or circular external fixator. This is the only indication for correction in cases of excellent deformity, soft-tissue involvement, and a history of bone infection. This study aimed to present a gradual correction technique for tibial valgus deformity using a monolateral external fixator as well as its postoperative follow-up. This technique has the advantages of greater patient acceptance, lighter assembly, and briefer distraction owing to the use of a single piece as well as the ability of the operated limb to bear a load the day after the surgical procedure and dynamic outpatient follow-up., (© 2022 The Authors.)

The mental health needs of children in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) often go unmet due to a lack of qualified mental health professionals. Task-shifting the provision of mental health services to teachers may facilitate access to care. Family engagement in task-shifting may support mental health outcomes but is understudied in this context. The current study explored teacher and caregiver perceptions of family engagement within a teacher-led, task-shifted mental health intervention in an LMIC. Primary school teachers from five schools in Darjeeling, India delivered evidence-based, indicated mental health care to children with mental health needs throughout the school day. We conducted semi-structured interviews (SSIs) with teachers (n=17) and caregivers (n=21). SSIs were coded for themes related to family engagement. Teachers and caregivers were compared based on perceived levels of engagement. Participants reported three patterns of engagement: families who fully engaged; families who felt positively about teachers but displayed little engagement; and families with limited engagement. Barriers included logistical challenges and misconceptions about the programme. Many teachers implicated family engagement as a facilitator of the programme, suggesting that family involvement may support intervention outcomes. Future work could involve the development of an intervention component to better facilitate engagement in this context. Trial registration: Clinical Trials Registry India identifier: CTRI/2018/01/011471.

Previous research supports a link between school-related factors, such as bullying and school connectedness, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. To deepen understanding of how school experiences may function as both protective and risk factors for youth struggling with suicidal thoughts and behaviors, this qualitative study explored multiple perspectives. Specifically, in-depth interviews were conducted with adolescents previously hospitalized for a suicidal crisis (n = 19), their parents (n = 19), and the professionals they may interact with in schools and hospitals (i.e., school professionals [n = 19] and hospital providers [n = 7]). Data were analyzed using applied thematic analysis revealing three main themes related to perceptions of how school experiences can positively or negatively impact mental health, including (a) school activities, (b) school social experiences, and (c) school interventions. An emergent theme related to the complexity of suicide-related risk identified the ways in which school experiences may intersect with other environmental, biological, and psychological factors. Findings underscore the need for school-based approaches to address the unique academic, social, and emotional needs of students with suicide-related risk that complement the supports and services provided in their home and community., (Copyright © 2022 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Herein we describe a novel superhelicene structure consisting of three hexa- peri -hexabenzocoronene (HBC) units arranged in a helical geometry and creating two carbo[5]helicenes and a carbo[7]helicene. The central HBC bears a tropone moiety, which induces a saddle-helix hybrid geometry into the 3D structure of the prepared nanographene. The introduction of multiple helicenes and the position of the tropone unit trigger near-infrared circularly polarized luminescence (NIR-CPL, up to 850 nm, | g lum | = 3.0 × 10 -3 ) combined with good photoluminescence quantum yields ( ϕ F = 0.43) and upconverted emission based on two-photon absorption (TPA). Compared to previously reported superhelicenes of similar size, higher quantum yields, CPL brightness, and red-shifted absorption and emission spectra are achieved. Besides, chiroptical properties of enantiopure thin films were evaluated. These findings place this novel superhelicene as the first NIR-CPL superhelicene ever reported and make it a promising candidate for use as a chiral luminescent material in optoelectronic devices., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Three achiral polycyclic aromatic fluorophores─namely, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid, and perylene-3,9-dicarboxylic acid─were chosen based on their desired properties before being incorporated into the construction of a K + -carrying gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD)-based metal-organic framework (CD-MOF-1) and γ-CD-containing hybrid frameworks (CD-HFs). Among these fluorophores, only the pyrene-carrying one shows significant noncovalent bonding interactions with γ-CD in solution. This fluorophore is encapsulated in a CD-HF with a trigonal superstructure instead of the common cubic CD-MOF-1 found in the case of the other two fluorophores. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the trigonal CD-HF reveals a π-stacked chiral positioning of the pyrene-carrying fluorophore inside the (γ-CD) 2 tunnels and held uniformly around an enantiomorphous 3 2 screw axis along the c direction in the solid-state structure. This helix-like structure demonstrates an additional level of chirality over and above the point-chiral stereogenic centers of γ-CD and the axial chirality associated with the self-assembled π-stacked fluorophores. These arrangements result in specifically generated photophysical and chiroptical properties, such as the controlled emergence of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emission. In this manner, a complete understanding of the mechanism of chirality transfer from a chiral host (CD-HF) to an encapsulated achiral fluorophore has been achieved, an attribute which is often missing in the development of materials with CPL.

Condensation reactions of salicylaldehyde, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, and pyridoxaldehyde with memantine ( Me ) produced novel memantine-derived Schiff bases ( 1 - 3 ). Speciation predictions and calculations of Log P, Log D, and of the percentage (%) of neutral species for ( 1 - 3 ) were carried out. In comparison with Me , the Schiff bases presented increased log P and log D in all cases and pH values, suggesting higher hydrophobicity. The determined solubilities in n -octanol were 34.7 mg/mL for memantine hydrochloride and 67.3 mg/mL for ( 3 ). According to the molecular weights and calculated logP, compounds ( 1 - 3 ) are suitable for transdermal administration, especially compound ( 3 ). In addition, hydrolysis of 3 with the release of pyridoxal, a daily cofactor in human metabolism, was observed. The results suggested that 3 is the most promising compound and that formation of the pyridoxal Schiff base with Me might be an effective strategy to obtain a prodrug candidate with increased lipophilicity, which would be able to passively cross biological barriers during transdermal delivery and might have applications in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

A majority of children worldwide who face mental health difficulties, especially in low-and-middle income countries, remain undiagnosed and untreated. This deficit roots in part from a lack of trained professionals qualified to provide care. Task-shifting the provision of treatment to teachers, individuals with consistent access to children, can reduce the care gap. The current study investigated whether the implementation of a pilot trial of Tealeaf-Mansik Swastha (Teachers Leading the Frontlines-Mental Health; "Tealeaf") was associated with improvements in child mental health and academic outcomes. Tealeaf is a transdiagnostic, non-manualized, task-shifting intervention in which teachers identify students in need of mental health care and then provide task-shifted care for them using an emerging, novel therapy modality, "education as mental health therapy" (Ed-MH). Pre-post standardized quantitative measures focused on child mental health status and academics. The measures were completed by multiple raters and compared to determine whether changes occurred. Results indicated that primary teacher raters observed significant improvements in child mental health symptoms overall, while secondary teacher raters and caregivers noted improvement for certain diagnostic categories. Caregivers observed on average a decreased impact of their children's mental health symptoms on their children's lives. Academically, math scores significantly improved while reading trended toward significance. Preliminary evidence overall supports the viability of Tealeaf and Ed-MH for positively impacting child mental health and academics. Future directions include the implementation of a formalized, randomized-controlled trial to strengthen preliminary outcomes., Competing Interests: CC, PG, and MM hold the copyright to the training and intervention materials for the teacher-led task-shifted alternative system of children's mental health care that this research studies. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Vanderburg, Dukpa, Rauniyar, Giri, Bhattarai, Thapa, Gaynes, Hampanda, Lamb, Matergia and Cruz.)

The substitution of three water molecules around trivalent chromium in CrBr 3 ·6H 2 O with the tridentate 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (tpy), N , N '-dimethyl- N , N '-di(pyridine-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-diamine (ddpd) or 2,6-di(quinolin-8-yl)pyridine (dqp) ligands gives the heteroleptic mer -[Cr(L)Br 3 ] complexes. Stepwise treatments with Ag(CF 3 SO 3 ) and KCN under microwave irradiations provide mer -[Cr(L)(CN) 3 ] in moderate yields. According to their X-ray crystal structures, the associated six-coordinate meridional [CrN 3 C 3 ] chromophores increasingly deviate from a pseudo-octahedral arrangement according to L = ddpd ≈ dpq ≪ tpy; a trend in line with the replacement of six-membered with five-membered chelate rings around Cr III . Room-temperature ligand-centered UV-excitation at 18 170 cm -1 ( λ exc = 350 nm), followed by energy transfer and intersystem crossing eventually yield microsecond metal-centered Cr( 2 E → 4 ) phosphorescence in the red to near infrared domain 13 150-12 650 cm 2 ) phosphorescence in the red to near infrared domain 13 150-12 650 cm -1 (760 ≤ λ em ≤ 790 nm). Decreasing the temperature to liquid nitrogen (77 K) extends the emission lifetimes to reach the millisecond regime with a record of 4.02 ms for mer -[Cr(dqp)(CN) 3 ] in frozen acetonitrile.

An emerging approach in treating skeletal malignancies utilizes osteoimmunology to investigate new multifunctional immune-stimulatory agents that can simultaneously combat tumor growth and promote bone repair. We have hypothesized that cytokine Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is an excellent candidate biologic to help rebalance the prostate tumor cells and bone cell environment. In this work, we examined the proof of principle for a short, secreted luciferase (Nanoluc or Nluc) fusion with IL-27 to produce a novel cytokine-based biologic (Nluc-27), whereby we examined its efficacy in vitro in reducing prostate tumor growth and rebalancing bone cell proliferation and differentiation. This work demonstrates the targeting and anti-tumor efficacy of the Nluc-27 fusion cytokine in cancer and bone cell models. The fusion cytokine is detectable in conditioned media, and bioactive in different cell systems. This novel Nluc-27 cytokine will allow flexible incorporation of other targeting domains and may serve as flexible tool to augment IL-27's bioactivity and reengineer its efficacy against prostate tumor or bone cells, and may prove applicable to several other cell types for targeted gene therapy applications.

Background: The acceptability of teachers delivering task-shifted mental health care to their school-aged students is understudied. Here, we evaluate teachers', students', and caregivers' acceptability of Tealeaf (Teachers Leading the Frontlines), an alternative system of care in which teachers are trained and supervised to deliver transdiagnostic, non-manualized task-shifted care to their students., Methods: In a 2019 single-arm, mixed methods, pragmatic acceptability pilot study in Darjeeling, India, 13 teachers delivered task-shifted child mental health care to 26 students in need. Teachers delivered care through using a transdiagnostic, non-manualized therapy modality, "education as mental health therapy" (Ed-MH). Measured with validated scales, teachers' and students' acceptability were compared after teacher training (PRE) and at the end of intervention (POST) using paired t tests. Teachers (n = 7), students (n = 7), and caregivers (n = 7) completed semi-structured interviews POST., Results: Teachers' quantitative measures indicated moderate acceptability PRE and POST and did not change PRE to POST. Children's measures showed acceptability PRE and POST but decreased PRE to POST. Teachers and caregivers universally expressed acceptability in interviews. Facilitators of acceptability included impact, trust of teachers, and teachers' ability to make adaptations. Conditions required for acceptability included supervision and teachers emphasizing academics benefits over mental health benefits to caregivers. Barriers to acceptability included a lack of teacher time and stigma. Interviewed students universally were unaware of receiving care; teachers intentionally avoided singling them out., Conclusion: Teachers, caregivers, and children found teacher delivering task-shifted care acceptable, a key factor in care adoption and sustainability, though interviewed children were unaware of receiving care. Trial registration The trial was registered on January 01, 2018 with Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI), Reg. No. CTRI/2018/01/011471, Ref. No. REF/2017/11/015895. http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf&#95;generate.php?trialid=21129&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2721129det%27., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44192-022-00024-z., Competing Interests: Competing interestsCMC, PG, and MM hold the copyright to the training materials, decision support tools, and intervention materials for the teacher-led task-shifted alternative system of children’s mental health care at the center of this manuscript., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Objective: We assessed task-shifting children's mental health care to teachers as a potential approach to improving access to child mental health care. Methods: In Darjeeling, India, we conducted a single-arm, mixed-methods feasibility study with 19 teachers and 36 children in five rural primary schools to determine whether teachers can deliver transdiagnostic mental health care to select children-in-need with fidelity to protocol, to assess which therapeutic options teachers chose to use within the protocol, and to evaluate for a potential signal of efficacy. Results: Participation rates for intervention activities were >80%. A majority of teachers met or exceeded quality benchmarks for all intervention activities. Teachers chose to deliver teacher-centric techniques, i.e., techniques that only teachers could deliver given their role in the child's life, 80% of the time. Children improved in mental health score percentiles on the Achenbach Teacher Report Form. Key facilitators included the flexibility to adapt intervention activities to their needs, while identified barriers included limited time for care delivery. Conclusion: Findings support the feasibility of task-shifting children's mental health care to classroom teachers in resource-limited schools. Fidelity to protocol appeared feasible, though the freedom to choose and adapt therapeutic techniques may also have enhanced feasibility. Surprisingly, teachers consistently chose to deliver teacher-centric therapeutic techniques that resulted in a potential signal of efficacy. This finding supports the potential emergence of "education as mental health therapy" (Ed-MH) as a new therapy modality. Continued investigation is required to test and refine strategies for involving teachers in the delivery of transdiagnostic mental health care., Competing Interests: CMC, PG, and MM hold the copyright to the training materials, decision support tools, and intervention materials for the teacher-led task-shifted alternative system of children's mental health care at the center of this manuscript. They have disclosed this interest fully to Frontiers in Psychiatry. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Cruz, Giri, Vanderburg, Ferrarone, Bhattarai, Giardina, Gaynes, Hampanda, Lamb and Matergia.)

Biotic stresses, including diseases, severely affect rice production, compromising producers' ability to meet increasing global consumption. Understanding quantitative responses for resistance to diverse pathogens can guide development of reliable molecular markers, which, combined with advanced backcross populations, can accelerate the production of more resistant varieties. A candidate gene (CG) approach was used to accumulate different disease QTL from Moroberekan, a blast-resistant rice variety, into Vandana, a drought-tolerant variety. The advanced backcross progeny were evaluated for resistance to blast and tolerance to drought at five sites in India and the Philippines. Gene-based markers were designed to determine introgression of Moroberekan alleles for 11 CGs into the progeny. Six CGs, coding for chitinase, HSP90, oxalate oxidase, germin-like proteins, peroxidase and thaumatin-like protein, and 21 SSR markers were significantly associated with resistance to blast across screening sites. Multiple lines with different combinations, classes and numbers of CGs were associated with significant levels of race non-specific resistance to rice blast and sheath blight. Overall, the level of resistance effective in multiple locations was proportional to the number of CG alleles accumulated in advanced breeding lines. These disease resistant lines maintained tolerance to drought stress at the reproductive stage under blast disease pressure., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

A new family of chiral saddle-helix hybrid nanographenes is reported. The first hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) analogues bearing a nine-membered carbocycle are presented. Furthermore, for the first time, π-extended carbo[n]helicenes containing a nine-membered ring as part of the helical moiety have been synthesized. The combination of a [5]helicene moiety and a nonagon ring in a single chiral motif induces a tremendous distortion from planarity into the nanographenic structures compared to other saddle-helix hybrids such as heptagon- and octagon-containing π-extended carbo[5]helicenes. In fact, the interplanar angle of the two terminal rings reaches the largest angle (134.8°) of a carbohelicene reported to date, thus being by far the most twisted helicene yet prepared. Photophysical properties evaluation showed improved absorption dissymmetry factors (|g abs |=4.2×10 -3 ) in the new family of nonagon-containing π-extended carbo[5]helicenes., (© 2021 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The properties of incident light play a crucial role in the mating process of diatoms, a group of ecologically important microalgae. While species-specific requirements for light intensity and photoperiod have been observed in several diatom species, little is known about the light spectrum that allows sexual reproduction. Here, we study the effects of spectral properties and light intensity on the initiation and progression of sexual reproduction in the model benthic diatom Seminavis robusta. We found that distinct stages of the mating process have different requirements for light. Vigorous mating pair formation occurred under a broad range of light intensities, ranging from 10 to 81 µE m -2  s -1 , while gametogenesis and subsequent stages were strongly affected by moderate light intensities of 27 µE m -2  s -1 and up. In addition, light of blue or blue-green wavelengths was required for the formation of mating pairs. Combining flow cytometric analysis with expression profiling of the diatom-specific cyclin dsCyc2 suggests that progression through a blue light-dependent checkpoint in the G1 cell cycle phase is essential for induction of sexual reproduction. Taken together, we expand the current model of mating in benthic pennate diatoms, which relies on the interplay between light, cell cycle and sex pheromone signaling., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

This study characterized the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients in Yola, Nigeria. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 66 isolates previously identified phenotypically as carbapenem-non-susceptible. The patterns of beta-lactamase resistance genes identified were primarily species-specific. However, bla NDM-7 and bla CMY-4 were detected in all Escherichia coli and most Providencia rettgeri isolates; bla NDM-7 was also detected in 1 Enterobacter cloacae. The E. coli and E. cloacae isolates also shared bla OXA-1, while bla OXA-10 was found in all P. rettgeri, one Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 1 E. coli. Except for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates, which only contained bla L1 , most species carried multiple beta-lactamase genes, including those encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, AmpC and OXA in addition to a carbapenemase gene. Carbapenemase genes were either class B or class D beta-lactamases. No carbapenemase gene was detected by WGS in 13.6% of isolates., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Diatoms, an evolutionarily successful group of microalgae, display high levels of intraspecific genetic variability in natural populations. However, the contribution of various mechanisms generating such diversity is unknown. Here we estimated the genetic micro-diversity within a natural diatom population and mapped the genomic changes arising within clonally propagated diatom cell cultures. Through quantification of haplotype diversity by next-generation sequencing and amplicon re-sequencing of selected loci, we documented a rapid accumulation of multiple haplotypes accompanied by the appearance of novel protein variants in cell cultures initiated from a single founder cell. Comparison of the genomic changes between mother and daughter cells revealed copy number variation and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity leading to the fixation of alleles within individual daughter cells. The loss of heterozygosity can be accomplished by recombination between homologous chromosomes. To test this hypothesis, we established an endogenous readout system and estimated that the frequency of interhomolog mitotic recombination was under standard growth conditions 4.2 events per 100 cell divisions. This frequency is increased under environmental stress conditions, including treatment with hydrogen peroxide and cadmium. These data demonstrate that copy number variation and mitotic recombination between homologous chromosomes underlie clonal variability in diatom populations. We discuss the potential adaptive evolutionary benefits of the plastic response in the interhomolog mitotic recombination rate, and we propose that this may have contributed to the ecological success of diatoms., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Serious hemodialysis therapy complications are venous needle dislodgement and access-bloodline separation. In 2020, the American Nephrology Nurses Association (ANNA) brought together a task force to update the information and resources developed by the 2012 ANNA Venous Needle Dislodgement Task Force along with the development of additional resources, if needed. The 2020-2021 ANNA Venous Needle Dislodgement Task Force conducted a literature review, requested information from ANNA members, and tested taping techniques. This article discusses the results of the literature review, information requests, and taping technique testing, and provides resources on venous needle dislodgement and access-bloodline dislodgement, along with practice recommendations., Competing Interests: The authors reported no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this nursing continuing professional development (NCPD) activity., (Copyright© by the American Nephrology Nurses Association.)

Coastal regions contribute an estimated 20% of annual gross primary production in the oceans, despite occupying only 0.03% of their surface area. Diatoms frequently dominate coastal sediments, where they experience large variations in light regime resulting from the interplay of diurnal and tidal cycles. Here, we report on an extensive diurnal transcript profiling experiment of the motile benthic diatom Seminavis robusta. Nearly 90% (23 328) of expressed protein-coding genes and 66.9% (1124) of expressed long intergenic non-coding RNAs showed significant expression oscillations and are predominantly phasing at night with a periodicity of 24 h. Phylostratigraphic analysis found that rhythmic genes are enriched in highly conserved genes, while diatom-specific genes are predominantly associated with midnight expression. Integration of genetic and physiological cell cycle markers with silica depletion data revealed potential new silica cell wall-associated gene families specific to diatoms. Additionally, we observed 1752 genes with a remarkable semidiurnal (12-h) periodicity, while the expansion of putative circadian transcription factors may reflect adaptations to cope with highly unpredictable external conditions. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the adaptations of diatoms to the benthic environment and serve as a valuable resource for the study of diurnal regulation in photosynthetic eukaryotes., (© 2021 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)