94 results on '"Crutchfield C"'
Search Results
2. Generic on-line/off-line threshold signatures
- Author
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Crutchfield, C, Molnar, D, Turner, D, and Wagner, D
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on-line/off-line ,signature schemes ,threshold cryptography ,chameleon hash functions ,bursty traffic - Abstract
We present generic on-line/off-line threshold signatures, in which the bulk of signature computation can take place "off-line" during lulls in service requests [6]. Such precomputation can help systems using threshold signatures quickly respond to requests. For example, tests of the Pond distributed file system showed that computation of a threshold RSA signature consumes roughly 86% of the time required to service writes to small files [12]. We apply the "hash-sign-switch" paradigm of Shamir and Tauman [161 and the distributed key generation protocol of Gennaro et al. [7] to convert any existing secure threshold digital signature scheme into a threshold on-line/off-line signature scheme. We show that the straightforward attempt at proving security of the resulting construction runs into a subtlety that does not arise for Shamir and Tauman's construction. We resolve the subtlety and prove our Signature scheme secure against a static adversary in the partially synchronous communication model under the one-more-discrete-logarithm assumption [2]. The on-line phase of our scheme is efficient: computing a signature takes one round of communication and a few modular multiplications in the common case.
- Published
- 2006
3. Food Habits of Several Species of Poultry Lice with Special Reference to Blood Consumption
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Crutchfield, C. M. and Hixson, H.
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- 1943
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4. X-Ray Photography of Mineral Accumulations in Plants
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Crutchfield, C. L.
- Published
- 1929
5. Municipal Bond Financing in Texas
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Crutchfield, C. C.
- Published
- 1949
6. Metabolic Hyperpolarization of Liver by Ethanol: The Importance of Mg2+ and H+ in Determining Impermeant Intracellular Anionic Charge and Energy of Metabolic Reactions
- Author
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Crutchfield C, Gitomer Wl, Richard L. Veech, Wondergem R, D Gates, Michael T King, and Yoshihiro Kashiwaya
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Acid-Base Equilibrium ,Ethanol ,Chemistry ,Energy metabolism ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Metabolism ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Mitochondrion ,Hyperpolarization (biology) ,Toxicology ,Ion Channels ,Membrane Potentials ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Liver ,Biochemistry ,Animals ,Humans ,Magnesium ,Energy Metabolism ,Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ,Magnesium ion ,Software ,Intracellular - Published
- 1994
7. Detection of mutations and polymorphisms using fluorescence-based dideoxy fingerprinting (F-ddF)
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Ellison J, Squires G, Crutchfield C, and David Goldman
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Polymorphism, Genetic ,Base Sequence ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Temperature ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,DNA Fingerprinting ,Fluorescence ,Introns ,Globins ,Mice ,Mutation ,Animals ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational - Abstract
We have adapted the dideoxy finger-printing (ddF) technique for detecting DNA sequence variants to fluorescence detection (F-ddF) using an Applied Biosystems Model 373A DNA Sequencer equipped with GENESCAN 672 software and an external temperature control device. The fingerprints can be precisely aligned using an internal standard run in the same lanes. This facilitates location and characterization of mobility changes resulting from sequence variants. As compared to fluorescence detected single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (F-SSCP), F-ddF is equally efficient for detection of sequence variants, and it offers additional advantages. These include information regarding location of the sequence variation, greater reliability for distinguishing one sequence variant from another and the capacity to generate large PCR fragments and analyze them in smaller subsegments. Read length and overall quality of data from F-ddF are sequence-dependent when Taq DNA polymerase is used, but reducing terminator concentration can extend read length. The strengths and weakness of F-ddF and F-SSCP are different. Thus F-ddF may work better in a given situation than F-SSCP and vice versa. A strategy for using F-ddF to circumvent limitations of F-SSCP is described.
- Published
- 1994
8. The relationship between physical attributes of beard and respirator lead rates
- Author
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Balkhyour, M., primary and Crutchfield, C., additional
- Published
- 2007
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9. Effect of Feedback on Reduction of Respirator Leakage Associated with Mask Donning
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Balkhyour, M., primary and Crutchfield, C., additional
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- 2007
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10. eLEARNING PROVES COST-EFFECTIVE AND ATTRACTS MORE PARTICIPATION IN COLLABORATIVE COURSES CONDUCTED BY UNIVERSITIES OF ARIZONA, ZAMBIA AND ZIMBABWE - INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM FOR MINING HEALTH AND SAFETY
- Author
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Sinkala, T, primary, Maponga, O, additional, Burgess, J, additional, Tabor, J, additional, Crutchfield, C, additional, and Fass, J, additional
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- 2005
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11. The mobile web is structurally different.
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Jindal, A., Crutchfield, C., Goel, S., Kolluri, R., and Jain, R.
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- 2008
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12. 64. Characterization of Firefighter Exposures During Fire Overhaul
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Bolstad-Johnson, D., primary, Crutchfield, C., additional, Burgess, J., additional, Storment, S., additional, and Gerkin, R., additional
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- 1999
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13. 249. Should Bringing Good Science to the Capital Be a Political Process?
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Crutchfield, C., primary
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- 1999
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14. Physical Therapy Outcomes for Patients with Neurological Disease.
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Crutchfield, C A, primary, Taylor, L F, additional, and Higbie, E J., additional
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- 1997
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15. Teaching students about occupational health issues through worksite visits
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Cordes, D H, primary, Rea, D F, additional, and Crutchfield, C D, additional
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- 1992
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16. Warning! Explosion danger: Spray-drying of nickel nitrate-starch suspension
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Crutchfield, C. A., primary and VanAckeren, Jim, additional
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- 1991
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17. An evaluation of substance abuse aftercare program for homeless women with children using confounding variable-control design.
- Author
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Kim S and Crutchfield C
- Abstract
An outcome evaluation of a substance abuse aftercare program for homeless women with children was conducted using confounding variable-control evaluation design. The confounding variables are chosen from pre-treatment and other contextual variables of the clients that are known to have significant influence on the program outcome, but those that could not have been influenced a priori by the client involvement in in-treatment program activity at Transition House (TH). The latter is the independent variable of this evaluation design. The pre-treatment variables are measured by severity of alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems of the clients, their mental health status, age, and their job status before enrollment in the program. The contextual confounding variables are composed of family and social support available to the clients before and during recovery. While applying multiple regression analysis, we were able to explain 50.8% of the total variance in program outcome by four pre-treatment variables. By adding two contextual variables of family and social support, the total variance in program outcome explained is increased to 64.1%. Finally, by adding the degree of client involvement in in-treatment program activity, we were able to augment the total variance of the program outcome to 69.7%. By estimating the changed variance of program outcome by the in-treatment program activity during the final step, controlling for all other variables previously entered, we were able to establish that client involvement in in-treatment program had unique and positive impact on the program outcome distinct from those explained by the confounding variables. The additional variance uniquely added by in-treatment program activity is 5.6% (p < .001). It has been determined that the degree of client involvement in in-treatment program had positive and systematic impact on the program outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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18. Hereditary aspects of median-ulnar nerve communications.
- Author
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Crutchfield, C A and Gutmann, L
- Abstract
Median-ulnar nerve communications, resulting in anomalous innervation of intrinsic hand muscles, was found to occur in 28% of the general population and 62% of family members of five propositi with this variant. This variant appears to be dominantly inherited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1980
19. Abstracts of Presentations at the Association of Clinical Scientists 139th Meeting Hershey, PA, May 15-18, 2019
- Author
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Donaldson, K., Buchanich, J. M., Grigson, P. S., Deneke, E., Vrana, K. E., Sacks, D. B., Kuehn, G. J., Cardamone, D., Pesce, A., Smiley, S., Nickley, J., Krock, K., Thomas, R., Wilkerson, M. L., Farag, H. A., Challa, S. R., Tice, A. M., Wolk, D. M., Prichard, J., Grant, M. L., Regmi, S., Kerbacher, B., Quinton, L. E., Olson, J., Haynes, A., Yu, E., Mccully, K. S., Assi, J., Wong, M., Zarrin-Khameh, N., Nifong, T. P., Hawker, C. D., Carlton, G. T., Rivera, J. M., Foulis, P. R., Zuraw, A., Morlote, D., Peker, D., Reddy, V., Harada, S., Crutchfield, C., Zander, D., Barbhuiya, M. A., Pederson, E. C., Straub, M. L., Scott, S. C., Neibauer, T. L., Salter, W. F., Creer, M. H., Zhu, Y., Bornhorst, J. A., Theobald, J. P., Algeciras-Schimnich, A., Cao, L., Knox, J., Hardy, R., Texas, H. J., Mcguire, M. F., Hunter, R. L., Brown, R. E., Hicks, J., Cai, Z., Ali, Y., Cheng, K. C., Katz, S. R., Ding, Y., Vanselow, D. J., Yakovlev, M. A., Lin, A. Y., Clark, D. P., Vargas, P., Xin, X., Copper, J. E., Canfield, V. A., Ang, K. C., Wang, Y., Xiao, X., Carlo, F., Rossum, D. B., La Rivière, P. J., Newell, J., Hossler, C., Roche, M., Warrick, J., Phaeton, R., Kesterson, J., Myers, C., Barrios, R., Mintz, P., Robyak, K., Hamilton, C., Mcghee, P., Pederson, C., Straub, M., Scott, S., Neibauer, T., Salter, W., Nirupama Singh, Vnencak-Jones, C., Yemelyanova, A., Shah, M., Moghadamtousi, S. Z., Lan, C., Duose, D., Hu, P., Esquenazi, Y., Luthra, R., Ballester, L. Y., Koenig, A. N., Liu, C. -G, Zhang, J., Kalia, A., Al-Habib, A., Arsdall, M., Dhingra, S., Patel, K., and Tatevian, N.
20. Hereditary aspects of accessory deep peroneal nerve
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Crutchfield, C. A., primary and Gutmann, L., additional
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- 1973
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21. A whole new world: nurse-driven protocols in critical care.
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Jones R, Courtney W, Crutchfield C, and Murray A
- Published
- 2008
22. Clinical snapshot. Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp.
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Monroe M and Crutchfield C III
- Published
- 2005
23. Clinical snapshot. Acne keloidalis nuchae.
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Kolve J and Crutchfield C
- Published
- 2003
24. Clinical snapshot. Steroid acne.
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Munroe M and Crutchfield C
- Published
- 2003
25. Indoor-outdoor relationships for particulate matter: Exposure classifications and health effects
- Author
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Crutchfield, C [Univ. of Arizona, Tucson (USA)]
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- 1989
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26. Characteristics of early complications in isolated primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery.
- Author
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Zhong J, Lee NJ, Crutchfield C, Mueller J, Ahmad C, Trofa D, and Lynch TS
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- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Patient Readmission statistics & numerical data, Incidence, Body Mass Index, Operative Time, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries surgery, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, Dyspnea etiology, Dyspnea epidemiology, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction adverse effects, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction statistics & numerical data, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction methods, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications etiology
- Abstract
Purpose: The early complications of isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery (ACLR) have not been well characterized using large databases. This study aims to characterize incidence, impact, and risk factors for short-term operative complications following elective, isolated ACLR surgery. We hypothesize that demographic and perioperative factors may predict 30-day complications after isolated ACLR., Methods: This case-control analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database (2005-2017) used Current Procedural Terminology codes to identify elective, isolated ACLR patients. Patients undergoing concomitant procedures were excluded. Complications were analyzed using bivariate analysis against demographic variables. Multiple stepwise logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for morbidity after ACLR., Results: A total 12,790 patients (37.0% female, p = 0.674) were included with a mean age of 32.2 years old (SD 10.7 years, p < 0.001). Mean BMI was 27.8 kg/m
2 (6.5) where 28.9% of patients had a BMI > 30 (p = 0.064). The most common complications were wound-related (0.57%). In cases with complications, there were higher rates of (1.3% vs 0.8%, p = 0.004) prolonged operation (> 1.5 h), higher rate (2.9% vs 1.8%, p = 0.004) of extended length of stay (≥ 1 day), unplanned reoperation (15.8% vs 0.3%, p < 0.001), and unplanned readmission (17.5% vs 0.3%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed prolonged operative time (p = 0.001), dyspnea (p = 0.008), and non-ambulatory surgery (p = 0.034) to be predictive of any complication. Dependent functional status (p = 0.091), mFI-5 > 0.2 (= 0.173), female sex (p = 0.191), obesity (p = 0.101), and smoking (p = 0.113) were not risk factors for complications., Conclusion: ACLR is associated with low rates of morbidity and readmissions. The most common comorbidities, complications, and predictors of morbidities were identified to aid surgeons in further reducing adverse outcomes of ACLR. Operative time > 1.5 h, dyspnea, and non-ambulatory surgery are predictive of complications., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2024
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27. Perioperative outcomes in isolated versus multiligamentous anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a retrospective cohort analysis.
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Zhong J, Lee NJ, Crutchfield C, Mueller J, Ahmad C, Trofa D, and Lynch TS
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- Humans, Retrospective Studies, Cohort Studies, Knee Injuries surgery, Meniscus surgery, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction adverse effects, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction methods, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries surgery, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries etiology
- Abstract
Purpose: The outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the setting of multiligamentous knee injury (M-ACLR) have not been well characterized compared to isolated ACLR (I-ACLR). This study aims to characterize and compare short-term outcomes between I-ACLR and M-ACLR., Methods: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2005 to 2017. Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to identify and compare elective I- and M-ACLR patients, excluding patients undergoing concomitant meniscal or chondral procedures. Patient demographics and outcomes after I- and M-ACLR were compared using bivariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analyzed if multiligamentous ACLR was an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes., Results: There was a total of 13,131 ACLR cases, of which 341 were multiligamentous cases. The modified fragility index-5 was higher in multiligamentous ACLR (p < 0.001). Multiligamentous ACLR had worse perioperative outcomes, with higher rate of all complications (3.8%, p = 0.013), operative time > 1.5 h (p < 0.001), length of stay (LOS) ≥ 1 day (p < 0.001), wound complication (2.1%, p = 0.001), and intra- or post-op transfusions (p < 0.001). In multiple logistic regression, multiligamentous ACLR was an independent risk factor for LOS ≥ 1 (odds ratio [OR] 5.8), and intra-/post-op transfusion (OR 215.1) and wound complications (OR 2.4). M-ACLR was not an independent risk factor for any complication, reoperation at 30 days, readmission, urinary tract infection (UTI), or venous thromboembolism (VTE)., Conclusion: M-ACLR generally had worse outcomes than I-ACLR, including longer LOS, need for perioperative transfusions, and wound complications., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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28. Increased age and modified fragility index increases risk of short-term complications after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery.
- Author
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Zhong J, Lee NJ, Padaki A, Crutchfield C, Ahmad CS, Trofa D, and Sean Lynch T
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- Humans, Female, Young Adult, Adult, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Patient Readmission, Venous Thromboembolism etiology, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction adverse effects, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction methods, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries surgery, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries etiology
- Abstract
Background: Large data analysis of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) short-term complications on age will help surgeons stratify and counsel at-risk patients. The purpose of this study is to assess if older patients are at greater risk for short-term complications after ACLR., Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent elective ACLR with or without concomitant meniscal procedures in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2005 to 2017. Patients were divided into age groups 16-30, 31-45, and > 45. Modified fragility index-5 (mFI-5), demographics and short-term outcomes were examined with bivariate and multivariate analysis to determine if age was a risk factor for complications., Results: A total of 23,581 patients (35.4% female) were included in this analysis. Mean age was 32.1 ± 10.8 years. Older patients had higher mFI-5 scores (p < 0.001), shorter operative times (p < 0.001), lower use of only general anesthesia (p < 0.001). The oldest patients had similar rates of complications as the two younger groups. Older age was an independent risk factor for VTE, but decreased risk of prolonged operations. A mFI-5 > 0 increased risk factors for readmission (Odds ratio 2.2, P = 0.006). Infection was the most common cause 30-day readmissions (40/135, 29.6%)., Conclusion: In the early postoperative period, older age is an independent risk factor for VTE and younger age is a significant factor for prolonged surgeries. Having an mFI-5 > 0 increased risk factors for readmission., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: [CA receives IP royalties, is a Paid consultant, and conducts Research support from Arthrex, Inc; he owns stock or options for Peak; He receives publishing royalties, financial or material support from Lead Player; he conducts research support for Major League Baseball; he is on the editorial or governing board for Orthopedics Today; he conducts research support for Stryker. TSL is a Board or committee member of American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine; he is a paid consultant for CONMED Linvatec and Smith & Nephew. The remaining authors have no disclosures.], (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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29. Short single-wedge stems have higher risk of periprosthetic fracture than other cementless stem designs in Dorr type A femurs: a finite element analysis.
- Author
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Nandi S, Shah A, Joukar A, Becker K, Crutchfield C, and Goel V
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- Femur diagnostic imaging, Femur surgery, Finite Element Analysis, Humans, Prosthesis Design, Retrospective Studies, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip adverse effects, Femoral Fractures diagnostic imaging, Femoral Fractures etiology, Femoral Fractures surgery, Hip Prosthesis, Periprosthetic Fractures diagnostic imaging, Periprosthetic Fractures etiology, Periprosthetic Fractures surgery
- Abstract
Background: The use of total hip arthroplasty (THA) femoral stems that transmit force in a favourable manner to the femur may minimise periprosthetic fractures. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a computerised method that analyses the effect of forces applied to a structure with complex shape. Our aim was to apply FEA to compare primary THA cementless stem designs and their association with periprosthetic fracture risk., Methods: 3-dimensional (3D) models of a Dorr Type A femur and 5 commonly used primary THA cementless stem designs (short single wedge, standard-length single wedge, modular, double-wedge metaphyseal filling, and cylindrical fully coated) were developed using computed tomography (CT) imaging. Implant insertion, single-leg stance, and twisting with a planted foot were simulated. FEA was performed, and maximum femoral strain along the implant-bone interface recorded., Results: Femoral strain was highest with short single-wedge stem design (0.3850) and lowest with standard-length single-wedge design (0.0520). Location of maximum femoral strain varied by stem design, but not with implant insertion, single-leg stance, or twisting with a planted foot. Strain was as high during implant insertion as with single-leg stance or twisting with a planted foot., Conclusions: Our results suggest the risk of intraoperative and postoperative periprosthetic fracture with THA in a Dorr A femur is highest with short single-wedge stems and lowest with standard-length single-wedge stems. Consideration may be given to minimising the use of short single-wedge stems in THA. Implant-specific sites of highest strain should be carefully inspected for fracture.
- Published
- 2022
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30. The Efficacy of Arthroscopic Simulation Training on Clinical Ability: A Systematic Review.
- Author
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Luzzi A, Hellwinkel J, O'Connor M, Crutchfield C, and Lynch TS
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- Arthroscopy instrumentation, Arthroscopy methods, Cadaver, Computer Simulation, Humans, Orthopedics methods, Arthroscopy education, Clinical Competence standards, Orthopedics education, Simulation Training methods
- Abstract
Purpose: To examine the effect of arthroscopic simulator training on technical performance in a human model., Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Literature searches of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were conducted using combinations of the terms virtual, digital, computer, reality, simulation, arthroscopy, training, learning, and education. Studies were considered for inclusion if they tested the effect of arthroscopic simulator training in a randomized controlled fashion, performed testing in a cadaver or live patient, and used explicit outcome measures of technical skill. Data from studies were extracted and study characteristics and outcomes were reviewed. The primary outcome measure was the number of studies in which the simulation trained group had significantly improved performance results relative to the control group in ≥50% of all measured outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane's Collaboration Tool., Results: Twelve studies, including 340 total study participants, were included for review. Eight studies showed improved performance of the simulation trained group relative to the control group in ≥50% of assessed outcomes. Six of ten studies reporting completion time, three of six studies reporting task checklist completion, 3 of 7 studies reporting global rating scales, and 1 of 4 studies reporting Arthroscopic Surgical Skill Evaluation Tool scores showed improved performance of the simulation group relative to the control group for the respective outcome measures., Conclusions: The literature is limited due to heterogeneity, both in type and merit, of the outcome measures that have been used to assess the transfer validity of arthroscopic simulator training to clinical performance. Despite the limitations of the literature, this review demonstrates that arthroscopic simulator training has potential to improve clinical performance., Level of Evidence: II, systematic review of Level II studies., (Copyright © 2020 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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31. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants During the 2021 Residency Match Cycle in the United States.
- Author
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Danford NC, Crutchfield C, Aiyer A, Jobin CM, Levine WN, and Lynch TS
- Subjects
- Career Choice, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mentors, Prospective Studies, Race Factors, SARS-CoV-2, Sex Factors, United States epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Internship and Residency, Orthopedic Procedures education, Pandemics, Personnel Selection
- Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rising fourth-year medical students' plans to apply to residency in orthopaedic surgery., Methods: We conducted a survey of rising fourth-year medical students. Primary outcome was the change in students' plans to apply to residency in orthopaedic surgery as measured by Likert scale response. Secondary outcomes were students' concerns about applying to residency during the pandemic., Results: A total of 462 students were planning to apply to residency in orthopaedic surgery. Women said that they were "less likely" to apply to orthopaedic surgery because of the pandemic (14.9% versus 5.5% of men, P < 0.001). Students identifying as Black/African American said that they were "less likely" to apply (16.9% compared with 8.8 of non-Hispanic White, P < 0.001). Students said that they had "somewhat fewer" or "many fewer" opportunities to get adequate exposure to orthopaedic surgery to make a specialty choice (88.9% of students)., Discussion: We support the development of robust student advising and mentorship networks to address the uncertainty inherent in applying to residency during a global pandemic and curtail the racial and sex disparities discovered in this survey., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.)
- Published
- 2020
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32. Use of commercial somatic cell counters to quantify somatic cells in non-lactating bovine mammary gland secretions.
- Author
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Enger BD, Nickerson SC, Akers RM, Moraes LE, and Crutchfield CE
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Cell Count instrumentation, Female, Lactation, Mammary Glands, Animal metabolism, Cell Count veterinary, Dairying methods, Mastitis, Bovine diagnosis
- Abstract
Measurement of the somatic cell count (SCC) in milk is commonly used to detect mastitis in lactating dairy cows. Many techniques and tools have been developed and adapted to quantify milk SCC, but few tools have been evaluated in their ability to enumerate somatic cells in non-lactating bovine mammary secretions. This limits the tools available for detecting mastitis in non-lactating animals. The objective of these studies was to evaluate methods of somatic cell quantification, originally developed for milk, in their ability to quantify the SCC in non-lactating bovine mammary secretions when compared to the gold standard microscopic quantification method. Two experiments were conducted. In a first experiment, 222 mammary secretions were collected and diluted 1:10 with PBS. Cells in these suspensions were quantified microscopically and with a DeLaval Cell Counter. Microscopic SCC (MSCC) ranged from 1.9 × 10
6 to 259.5 × 106 cells/mL while DeLaval Cell Counter SCC (DSCC) ranged from 1.8 × 106 to 27.0 × 106 cells/mL; a measurement of agreement between the 2 measures, based on the Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) suggested moderate agreement between measures (CCC = 0.60). In a second experiment 72 mammary secretions were collected and diluted 1:50 in PBS. Somatic cells in these suspensions were quantified microscopically, with a DeLaval Cell Counter, and by a DHIA laboratory using a Fossomatic™ FC. MSCC ranged from 1.6 to 47.5 × 106 cells/mL, DSCC ranged from 1.0 to 35.7 × 106 cells/mL, and Fossomatic SCC (FMSCC) ranged from 1.6 to 46.7 × 106 cells/mL. CCCs of 0.81 and 0.88 resulted when DSCC and FMSCC were paired with the MSCC, respectively. The results of this work indicate that a significantly greater concentration of somatic cells exist in non-lactating mammary secretions and dilution of these mammary secretions influences accuracy of SCC estimates. Future studies seeking to quantify somatic cells in mammary secretions from non-lactating cows should identify the most appropriate dilution factors specific to each method of measure, given that these two factors will influence the accuracy of SCC estimates. Development of a standardized approach for quantifying somatic cells in non-lactating dairy animals such as heifers and cows, via a rapid automated counter, can allow for the detection of mastitis in non-lactating dairy animals., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2020
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33. Abstracts of Presentations at the Association of Clinical Scientists 139 th Meeting Hershey, PA, May 15-18, 2019.
- Author
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Donaldson K, Buchanich JM, Grigson PS, Deneke E, Donaldson K, Vrana KE, Sacks DB, Kuehn GJ, Cardamone D, Pesce A, Smiley S, Nickley J, Krock K, Thomas R, Wilkerson ML, Farag HA, Challa SR, Tice AM, Wolk DM, Prichard J, Grant ML, Regmi S, Kerbacher B, Quinton LE, Farag HA, Tice AM, Wolk DM, Olson J, Haynes A, Yu E, McCully KS, Assi J, Wong M, Zarrin-Khameh N, Nifong TP, Hawker CD, Carlton GT, Rivera JM, Foulis PR, Zuraw A, Morlote D, Peker D, Reddy V, Harada S, Crutchfield C, Zander D, Barbhuiya MA, Pederson EC, Straub ML, Scott SC, Neibauer TL, Salter WF, Creer MH, Zhu Y, Bornhorst JA, Theobald JP, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Cao L, Knox J, Hardy R, Texas HJ, McGuire MF, Hunter RL, Brown RE, Hicks J, Hicks J, Cai Z, Brown RE, Ali Y, Cheng KC, Katz SR, Ding Y, Vanselow DJ, Yakovlev MA, Lin AY, Clark DP, Vargas P, Xin X, Copper JE, Canfield VA, Ang KC, Wang Y, Xiao X, De Carlo F, van Rossum DB, La Rivière PJ, Newell J, Hossler C, Roche M, Warrick J, Phaeton R, Kesterson J, Donaldson K, Myers C, Barrios R, Mintz P, Robyak K, Hamilton C, McGhee P, Pederson C, Straub M, Scott S, Neibauer T, Salter W, Creer M, Zhu Y, Hamilton C, Robyak K, McGhee P, Pederson C, Straub M, Scott S, Neibauer T, Salter W, Creer M, Zhu Y, Singh N, Morlote D, Vnencak-Jones C, Yemelyanova A, Harada S, Shah M, Moghadamtousi SZ, Lan C, Duose D, Hu P, Esquenazi Y, Luthra R, Ballester LY, Koenig AN, Liu CG, Zhang J, Kalia A, Al-Habib A, Van Arsdall M, Dhingra S, Patel K, and Tatevian N
- Published
- 2019
34. Effect of Maternal Obesity on Maternal-Fetal Transfer of Preoperative Cefazolin at Cesarean Section.
- Author
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Groff SM, Fallatah W, Yang S, Murphy J, Crutchfield C, Marzinke M, Kurtzberg J, Lee CKK, Burd I, and Farzin A
- Abstract
Objectives: American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends a single dose of antibiotic prophylaxis before all cesarean sections (C/S). This recommendation is based on pharmacokinetic studies that include only non-obese patients. We sought to evaluate 1) cefazolin plasma concentrations among obese and non-obese patients after administration of a 2-g cefazolin dose for prevention of surgical wound infections, and 2) whether cefazolin concentration in fetal circulation may be protective against pathogens that cause early onset neonatal sepsis., Methods: Maternal and fetal cefazolin plasma concentrations were compared between obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m
2 ) and non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2 ) healthy, term pregnant women undergoing scheduled C/S. Liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) methods were used for quantification of total and free cefazolin concentrations in maternal blood (MB) and umbilical cord blood (UCB)., Results: Eight women were screened and consented. There was no difference between groups in MB total and free cefazolin concentrations. All MB samples had total and free cefazolin concentrations greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration 90 (MIC90) for Group B Streptococcus (GBS), Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. All UCB samples had total and free cefazolin concentrations greater than MIC90 for GBS and S aureus, even when administered as briefly as 18 minutes before delivery. A lower concentration of total cefazolin was detected in UCB of neonates of obese women compared to non-obese women (p > 0.05)., Conclusions: Administration of 2 g of cefazolin to women undergoing scheduled C/S might be an adequate prophylactic dose for surgical wound infection in both non-obese and obese patients; and cefazolin concentration in fetal circulation may be protective against GBS and S aureus., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors declare no conflicts or financial interest in any product or service mentioned in the manuscript, including grants, equipment, medications, employment, gifts, and honoraria. The authors had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A new system for comparative functional genomics of Saccharomyces yeasts.
- Author
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Caudy AA, Guan Y, Jia Y, Hansen C, DeSevo C, Hayes AP, Agee J, Alvarez-Dominguez JR, Arellano H, Barrett D, Bauerle C, Bisaria N, Bradley PH, Breunig JS, Bush E, Cappel D, Capra E, Chen W, Clore J, Combs PA, Doucette C, Demuren O, Fellowes P, Freeman S, Frenkel E, Gadala-Maria D, Gawande R, Glass D, Grossberg S, Gupta A, Hammonds-Odie L, Hoisos A, Hsi J, Hsu YH, Inukai S, Karczewski KJ, Ke X, Kojima M, Leachman S, Lieber D, Liebowitz A, Liu J, Liu Y, Martin T, Mena J, Mendoza R, Myhrvold C, Millian C, Pfau S, Raj S, Rich M, Rokicki J, Rounds W, Salazar M, Salesi M, Sharma R, Silverman S, Singer C, Sinha S, Staller M, Stern P, Tang H, Weeks S, Weidmann M, Wolf A, Young C, Yuan J, Crutchfield C, McClean M, Murphy CT, Llinás M, Botstein D, Troyanskaya OG, and Dunham MJ
- Subjects
- Fungal Proteins genetics, Fungal Proteins metabolism, Gene Expression Profiling, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Oxidative Stress, Saccharomyces metabolism, Genome, Fungal, Saccharomyces genetics
- Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing, particularly in fungi, has progressed at a tremendous rate. More difficult, however, is experimental testing of the inferences about gene function that can be drawn from comparative sequence analysis alone. We present a genome-wide functional characterization of a sequenced but experimentally understudied budding yeast, Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum (henceforth referred to as S. bayanus), allowing us to map changes over the 20 million years that separate this organism from S. cerevisiae. We first created a suite of genetic tools to facilitate work in S. bayanus. Next, we measured the gene-expression response of S. bayanus to a diverse set of perturbations optimized using a computational approach to cover a diverse array of functionally relevant biological responses. The resulting data set reveals that gene-expression patterns are largely conserved, but significant changes may exist in regulatory networks such as carbohydrate utilization and meiosis. In addition to regulatory changes, our approach identified gene functions that have diverged. The functions of genes in core pathways are highly conserved, but we observed many changes in which genes are involved in osmotic stress, peroxisome biogenesis, and autophagy. A surprising number of genes specific to S. bayanus respond to oxidative stress, suggesting the organism may have evolved under different selection pressures than S. cerevisiae. This work expands the scope of genome-scale evolutionary studies from sequence-based analysis to rapid experimental characterization and could be adopted for functional mapping in any lineage of interest. Furthermore, our detailed characterization of S. bayanus provides a valuable resource for comparative functional genomics studies in yeast.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Alterations in brain glucose utilization accompanying elevations in blood ethanol and acetate concentrations in the rat.
- Author
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Pawlosky RJ, Kashiwaya Y, Srivastava S, King MT, Crutchfield C, Volkow N, Kunos G, Li TK, and Veech RL
- Subjects
- Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Amino Acids metabolism, Animals, Citric Acid Cycle drug effects, Coenzyme A metabolism, Cytosol metabolism, Electrophoresis, Capillary, Energy Metabolism drug effects, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Glucose-6-Phosphate metabolism, Glycolysis, Male, Mitochondria metabolism, Nucleotides metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Phosphorylation, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Acetates blood, Brain Chemistry drug effects, Central Nervous System Depressants blood, Ethanol blood, Glucose metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Previous studies in humans have shown that alcohol consumption decreased the rate of brain glucose utilization. We investigated whether the major metabolite of ethanol, acetate, could account for this observation by providing an alternate to glucose as an energy substrate for brain and the metabolic consequences of that shift., Methods: Rats were infused with solutions of sodium acetate, ethanol, or saline containing (13)C-2-glucose as a tracer elevating the blood ethanol (BEC) and blood acetate (BAcC) concentrations. After an hour, blood was sampled and the brains of animals were removed by freeze blowing. Tissue samples were analyzed for the intermediates of glucose metabolism, Krebs' cycle, acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) compounds, and amino acids., Results: Mean peak BEC and BAcC were approximately 25 and 0.8 mM, respectively, in ethanol-infused animals. Peak blood BAcC increased to 12 mM in acetate-infused animals. Both ethanol and acetate infused animals had a lower uptake of (13)C-glucose into the brain compared to controls and the concentration of brain (13)C-glucose-6-phosphate varied inversely with the BAcC. There were higher concentrations of brain malonyl-CoA and somewhat lower levels of free Mg(2+) in ethanol-treated animals compared to saline controls. In acetate-infused animals the concentrations of brain lactate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and fumarate were higher. Moreover, the free cytosolic [NAD(+)]/[NADH] was lower, the free mitochondrial [NAD(+)]/[NADH] and [CoQ]/[CoQH(2)] were oxidized and the DeltaG' of ATP lowered by acetate infusion from -61.4 kJ to -59.9 kJ/mol., Conclusions: Animals with elevated levels of blood ethanol or acetate had decreased (13)C-glucose uptake into the brain. In acetate-infused animals elevated BAcC were associated with a decrease in (13)C-glucose phosphorylation. The co-ordinate decrease in free cytosolic NAD, oxidation of mitochondrial NAD and Q couples and the decrease in DeltaG' of ATP was similar to administration of uncoupling agents indicating that the metabolism of acetate in brain caused the mitochondrial voltage dependent pore to form.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp.
- Author
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Monroe M and Crutchfield C 3rd
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Diagnosis, Differential, Disease Progression, Humans, Nurse's Role, Patient Education as Topic, Suppuration, Cellulitis diagnosis, Cellulitis etiology, Cellulitis therapy, Scalp Dermatoses diagnosis, Scalp Dermatoses etiology, Scalp Dermatoses therapy, Skin Diseases, Infectious diagnosis, Skin Diseases, Infectious etiology, Skin Diseases, Infectious therapy, Staphylococcal Infections diagnosis, Staphylococcal Infections etiology, Staphylococcal Infections therapy
- Published
- 2005
38. Acne keloidalis nuchae.
- Author
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Kolve J and Crutchfield C
- Subjects
- Black or African American genetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Drug Therapy, Combination, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Humans, Male, Nurse's Role, Patient Education as Topic, Sex Distribution, Acne Keloid diagnosis, Acne Keloid epidemiology, Acne Keloid etiology, Acne Keloid therapy, Neck
- Published
- 2003
39. Steroid acne.
- Author
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Munroe M and Crutchfield C
- Subjects
- Humans, Acne Vulgaris chemically induced, Steroids adverse effects
- Published
- 2003
40. Delayed EPPER syndrome.
- Author
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Gallego H, Crutchfield CE 3rd, Wilke MS, and Lewis EJ
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, Eosinophilia diagnosis, Eosinophilia etiology, Female, Humans, Leg, Middle Aged, Pruritus diagnosis, Pruritus etiology, Syndrome, Endometrial Neoplasms radiotherapy, Radiodermatitis diagnosis
- Published
- 2001
41. Adverse respiratory effects following overhaul in firefighters.
- Author
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Burgess JL, Nanson CJ, Bolstad-Johnson DM, Gerkin R, Hysong TA, Lantz RC, Sherrill DL, Crutchfield CD, Quan SF, Bernard AM, and Witten ML
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Inhalation Exposure, Male, Permeability, Respiratory Function Tests, Spirometry, Fires, Lung Injury, Occupational Exposure, Respiratory Protective Devices
- Abstract
Overhaul is the stage in which firefighters search for and extinguish possible sources of reignition. It is common practice not to wear respiratory protection during overhaul. Fifty-one firefighters in two groups, 25 without respiratory protection and 26 wearing cartridge respirators, were monitored for exposure to products of combustion and changes in spirometric measurements and lung permeability following overhaul of a structural fire. Testing at baseline and 1 hour after overhaul included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), serum Clara cell protein (CC16), and serum surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A). Overhaul increased CC16 in both groups, indicating increased alveolarcapillary membrane permeability. Contrary to expectations, SP-A increased and FVC and FEV1 decreased in the firefighters wearing cartridge respirators. Changes in FEV1, CC16, and SP-A were associated with concentrations of specific products of combustion or carboxyhemoglobin levels. Firefighter exposures during overhaul have the potential to cause changes in spirometric measurements and lung permeability, and self-contained breathing apparatus should be worn during overhaul to prevent lung injury.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. What syndrome is this?
- Author
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Crutchfield CE, Geiger J, Gorlin RJ, and Ahmed I
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Hypertelorism pathology, Male, Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Characterization of firefighter exposures during fire overhaul.
- Author
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Bolstad-Johnson DM, Burgess JL, Crutchfield CD, Storment S, Gerkin R, and Wilson JR
- Subjects
- Arizona, Carbon Monoxide analysis, Humans, Nitrogen Dioxide analysis, Respiratory Protective Devices, Air Pollutants, Occupational analysis, Fires, Hazardous Substances analysis
- Abstract
Previous studies have characterized firefighter exposures during fire suppression. However, minimal information is available regarding firefighter exposures during overhaul, when firefighters look for hidden fire inside attics, ceilings, and walls, often without respiratory protection. A comprehensive air monitoring study was conducted to characterize City of Phoenix firefighter exposures during the overhaul phase of 25 structure fires. Personal samples were collected for aldehydes; benzene; toluene; ethyl benzene; xylene; hydrochloric acid; polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNA); respirable dust; and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Gas analyzers were employed to continuously monitor carbon monoxide (CO), HCN, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Area samples were collected for asbestos, metals (Cd, Cr, Pb), and total dust. During overhaul the following exceeded published ceiling values: acrolein (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists [ACGIH] 0.1 ppm) at 1 fire; CO (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH] 200 ppm) at 5 fires; formaldehyde (NIOSH 0.1 ppm) at 22 fires; and glutaraldehyde (ACGIH 0.05 ppm) at 5 fires. In addition, the following exceeded published short-term exposure limit values: benzene (NIOSH 1 ppm) at two fires, NO2 (NIOSH 1 ppm) at two fires, and SO2 (ACGIH 5 ppm) at five fires. On an additive effects basis, PNA concentrations exceeded the NIOSH recommended exposure limits (0.1 mg/M3) for coal tar pitch volatiles at two fires. Maximum concentrations of other sampled substances were below their respective permissible exposure limits. Initial 10-min average CO concentrations did not predict concentrations of other products of combustion. The results indicate that firefighters should use respiratory protection during overhaul. In addition, these findings suggest that CO should not be used as an indicator gas for other contaminants found in this atmosphere.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Myeloma-associated systemic amyloidosis presenting as chronic paronychia and palmodigital erythematous swelling and induration of the hands.
- Author
-
Ahmed I, Cronk JS, Crutchfield CE 3rd, and Dahl MV
- Subjects
- Amyloidosis diagnosis, Amyloidosis drug therapy, Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating administration & dosage, Chronic Disease, Drug Therapy, Combination, Erythema diagnosis, Erythema drug therapy, Glucocorticoids administration & dosage, Hand Dermatoses diagnosis, Hand Dermatoses drug therapy, Humans, Male, Melphalan administration & dosage, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma diagnosis, Multiple Myeloma drug therapy, Paronychia diagnosis, Paronychia drug therapy, Prednisone administration & dosage, Recurrence, Time Factors, Amyloidosis etiology, Erythema etiology, Hand Dermatoses etiology, Multiple Myeloma complications, Paronychia etiology
- Abstract
Mucocutaneous involvement occurs predominantly in primary systemic amyloidosis as well as in myeloma-associated systemic amyloidosis. It is rarely observed in other types of amyloidoses. Signs of such involvement may aid in the early diagnosis of the disease process. Herein, we describe a 64-year-old white male patient with myeloma-associated systemic amyloidosis in whom the disease presented with unique cutaneous lesions consisting of chronic paronychia and palmodigital erythematous swelling and induration of the hands. Following weekly regimens with prednisone (20 mg/day) and melphalan (2 mg/day) administered every 16 weeks, almost complete resolution of the cutaneous lesions was observed after 1 year of therapy. Also, in response to chemotherapy, modest regression of the myelomatous bone lesions and complete resolution of the underlying gammopathy occurred.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Acquired nodule on the right side of the nose.
- Author
-
Evanson JA, Crutchfield CE 3rd, and Ahmed I
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, Facial Dermatoses pathology, Follicular Cyst pathology, Hamartoma pathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nose Diseases pathology, Sebaceous Gland Diseases pathology, Facial Dermatoses diagnosis, Follicular Cyst diagnosis, Hamartoma diagnosis, Nose Diseases diagnosis, Sebaceous Gland Diseases diagnosis
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Effect of test exercises and mask donning on measured respirator fit.
- Author
-
Crutchfield CD, Fairbank EO, and Greenstein SL
- Subjects
- Equipment Design, Female, Humans, Male, Materials Testing, United States, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Military Personnel, Ventilators, Mechanical standards
- Abstract
Quantitative respirator fit test protocols are typically defined by a series of fit test exercises. A rationale for the protocols that have been developed is generally not available. There also is little information available that describes the effect or effectiveness of the fit test exercises currently specified in respiratory protection standards. This study was designed to assess the relative impact of fit test exercises and mask donning on respirator fit as measured by a controlled negative pressure and an ambient aerosol fit test system. Multiple donnings of two different sizes of identical respirator models by each of 14 test subjects showed that donning affects respirator fit to a greater degree than fit test exercises. Currently specified fit test protocols emphasize test exercises, and the determination of fit is based on a single mask donning. A rationale for a modified fit test protocol based on fewer, more targeted test exercises and multiple mask donnings is presented. The modified protocol identified inadequately fitting respirators as effectively as the currently specified Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) quantitative fit test protocol. The controlled negative pressure system measured significantly (p < 0.0001) more respirator leakage than the ambient aerosol fit test system. The bend over fit test exercise was found to be predictive of poor respirator fit by both fit test systems. For the better fitting respirators, only the talking exercise generated aerosol fit factors that were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than corresponding donning fit factors.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Crystal deodorant dermatitis: irritant dermatitis to alum-containing deodorant.
- Author
-
Gallego H, Lewis EJ, and Crutchfield CE 3rd
- Subjects
- Adult, Axilla, Exanthema chemically induced, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Nonprescription Drugs adverse effects, Alum Compounds adverse effects, Deodorants adverse effects, Dermatitis, Irritant etiology
- Abstract
Two patients developed an irritant dermatitis of the axillae shortly after using an over-the-counter "natural deodorant crystal" product containing alum. We discuss this previously unreported, untoward reaction to alum, an ancient agent with newfound popularity as an alternative health product.
- Published
- 1999
48. Report of an association between discoid lupus erythematosus and smoking.
- Author
-
Gallego H, Crutchfield CE 3rd, Lewis EJ, and Gallego HJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid epidemiology, Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid pathology, Male, Middle Aged, North Dakota epidemiology, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Skin drug effects, Skin pathology, Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid etiology, Smoking adverse effects
- Abstract
Smoking has been shown to be associated with many medical disorders, including many involving the skin. While preliminary studies suggest a modest association between smoking and systemic lupus erythematosus, epidemiologic data on discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and smoking are lacking. To study this relationship, we examined current smoking habits in two unique patient populations with DLE. One group was compared with matched dermatology patients while the second group was compared with the corresponding statewide population. For both groups, the current smoking prevalence was much higher than that of the comparison population. For the control-matched group of DLE patients, smoking prevalence was found to be significantly greater than that of controls (odds ratio 12.2; p = 0.001). We therefore propose that smoking is a risk factor for development of DLE.
- Published
- 1999
49. Report of a nipple nevus and an overview of accessory mammary tissue.
- Author
-
Lewis EJ, Crutchfield CE 3rd, Ebertz MJ, and Prawer SE
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Breast Neoplasms congenital, Breast Neoplasms diagnosis, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Breast Neoplasms surgery, Nevus, Pigmented congenital, Nevus, Pigmented diagnosis, Nevus, Pigmented pathology, Nevus, Pigmented surgery, Nipples pathology, Nipples surgery, Skin Neoplasms congenital, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Skin Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Supernumerary nipples, also known as accessory nipples, are the most frequently encountered congenital anomaly of the breast. Once associated with fertility or divine powers, they are now widely held to be of cosmetic significance only. During the past 20 years, however, there has been a steady number of articles reporting the suspected association of supernumerary nipples with numerous benign and malignant medical conditions. We describe a previously unreported accessory nipple variant occurring as a nevoid nodule surmounting an otherwise normal primary nipple. The patient was otherwise healthy. The embryogenesis of this anomaly is hypothesized to result from in utero nipple dichotomy, rather than a failure of regression along the embryonic milk line.
- Published
- 1998
50. The causes and treatment of pseudofolliculitis barbae.
- Author
-
Crutchfield CE 3rd
- Subjects
- Hair Follicle pathology, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Face, Folliculitis etiology, Folliculitis therapy, Scalp
- Abstract
Pseudofolliculitis barbae, commonly referred to as "razor bumps" or "ingrown hairs," is a papular and pustular, foreign body inflammatory reaction that can affect any individual who has curly hair and who shaves. This condition is a particular nuisance to African-Americans. This report will discuss the causes of pseudofolliculitis barbae and present a systematic approach to treatment.
- Published
- 1998
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