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1. The EU Child Cohort Network’s core data:establishing a set of findable, accessible, interoperable and re-usable (FAIR) variables

Author

Pinot de Moira, A. (Angela), Haakma, S. (Sido), Strandberg-Larsen, K. (Katrine), van Enckevort, E. (Esther), Kooijman, M. (Marjolein), Cadman, T. (Tim), Cardol, M. (Marloes), Corpeleijn, E. (Eva), Crozier, S. (Sarah), Duijts, L. (Liesbeth), Elhakeem, A. (Ahmed), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Felix, J. F. (Janine F.), Fernandez-Barres, S. (Silvia), Foong, R. E. (Rachel E.), Forhan, A. (Anne), Grote, V. (Veit), Guerlich, K. (Kathrin), Heude, B. (Barbara), Huang, R.-C. (Rae-Chi), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Jorgensen, A. C. (Anne Cathrine), Mikkola, T. M. (Tuija M.), Nader, J. L. (Johanna L. T.), Pedersen, M. (Marie), Popovic, M. (Maja), Rautio, N. (Nina), Richiardi, L. (Lorenzo), Ronkainen, J. (Justiina), Roumeliotaki, T. (Theano), Salika, T. (Theodosia), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Vinther, J. L. (Johan L.), Voerman, E. (Ellis), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Wright, J. (John), Yang, T. C. (Tiffany C.), Zariouh, F. (Faryal), Charles, M.-A. (Marie-Aline), Inskip, H. (Hazel), Jaddoe, V. W. (Vincent W. V.), Swertz, M. A. (Morris A.), Nybo Andersen, A.-M. (Anne-Marie), Pinot de Moira, A. (Angela), Haakma, S. (Sido), Strandberg-Larsen, K. (Katrine), van Enckevort, E. (Esther), Kooijman, M. (Marjolein), Cadman, T. (Tim), Cardol, M. (Marloes), Corpeleijn, E. (Eva), Crozier, S. (Sarah), Duijts, L. (Liesbeth), Elhakeem, A. (Ahmed), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Felix, J. F. (Janine F.), Fernandez-Barres, S. (Silvia), Foong, R. E. (Rachel E.), Forhan, A. (Anne), Grote, V. (Veit), Guerlich, K. (Kathrin), Heude, B. (Barbara), Huang, R.-C. (Rae-Chi), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Jorgensen, A. C. (Anne Cathrine), Mikkola, T. M. (Tuija M.), Nader, J. L. (Johanna L. T.), Pedersen, M. (Marie), Popovic, M. (Maja), Rautio, N. (Nina), Richiardi, L. (Lorenzo), Ronkainen, J. (Justiina), Roumeliotaki, T. (Theano), Salika, T. (Theodosia), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Vinther, J. L. (Johan L.), Voerman, E. (Ellis), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Wright, J. (John), Yang, T. C. (Tiffany C.), Zariouh, F. (Faryal), Charles, M.-A. (Marie-Aline), Inskip, H. (Hazel), Jaddoe, V. W. (Vincent W. V.), Swertz, M. A. (Morris A.), and Nybo Andersen, A.-M. (Anne-Marie)

Abstract

The Horizon2020 LifeCycle Project is a cross-cohort collaboration which brings together data from multiple birth cohorts from across Europe and Australia to facilitate studies on the influence of early-life exposures on later health outcomes. A major product of this collaboration has been the establishment of a FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) data resource known as the EU Child Cohort Network. Here we focus on the EU Child Cohort Network’s core variables. These are a set of basic variables, derivable by the majority of participating cohorts and frequently used as covariates or exposures in lifecourse research. First, we describe the process by which the list of core variables was established. Second, we explain the protocol according to which these variables were harmonised in order to make them interoperable. Third, we describe the catalogue developed to ensure that the network’s data are findable and reusable. Finally, we describe the core data, including the proportion of variables harmonised by each cohort and the number of children for whom harmonised core data are available. EU Child Cohort Network data will be analysed using a federated analysis platform, removing the need to physically transfer data and thus making the data more accessible to researchers. The network will add value to participating cohorts by increasing statistical power and exposure heterogeneity, as well as facilitating cross-cohort comparisons, cross-validation and replication. Our aim is to motivate other cohorts to join the network and encourage the use of the EU Child Cohort Network by the wider research community.

Published
2021

2. Changes in parental smoking during pregnancy and risks of adverse birth outcomes and childhood overweight in Europe and North America

Author

Philips, E.M. (Elise), Santos, S.M.S. (Susana), Trasande, L. (Leonardo), Aurrekoetxea, J.J. (Juan José), Barros, A.I. (Ana), Berg, A. (Andrea) von, Bergström, A. (Anna), Bird, P.K. (Philippa K.), Brescianini, S. (Sonia), Ní Chaoimh, C. (Carol), Charles, M.A., Chatzi, L. (Leda), Chevrier, C. (Cécile), Chrousos, G.P., Costet, N. (Nathalie), Criswell, R. (Rachel), Crozier, S. (Sarah), Eggesbø, M. (Merete), Fantini, M.P. (Maria), Farchi, S. (Sara), Forastiere, F. (Francesco), van Gelder, M.M.H.J. (Marleen M H J), Georgiu, V. (Vagelis), Godfrey, N., Gori, D. (Davide), Hanke, W. (Wojciech), Heude, B. (Barbara), Hryhorczuk, D.O. (Daniel), Iñiguez, C. (Carmen), Inskip, H.M. (Hazel), Karvonen, S.L., Kenny, L.C. (Louise C.), Kull, C.A. (Christian), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie), Lehmann, I. (Irina), Magnus, P. (Per), Manios, Y., Melén, E. (Erik), Mommers, M. (Monique), Morgen, C.S. (Camilla S.), Moschonis, G. (George), Murray, D. (Deirdre), Nohr, C. (Christian), Nybo Andersen, A.-M. (Anne-Marie), Oken, E. (Emily), Oostvogels, A.J.J.M. (Adriëtte J J M), Papadopoulou, E. (Eleni), Pekkanen, J. (Juha), Pizzi, C. (Costanza), Polanska, K. (Kinga), Porta, D. (Daniela), Richiardi, L. (Lorenzo), Rifas-Shiman, S.L. (Sheryl), Roeleveld, N. (Nel), Rusconi, F. (Franca), Santos, A.C. (Ana Cristina), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Standl, M. (Marie), Stoltenberg, C. (Camilla), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Thijs, C. (Carel), Torrent, M. (Maties), Vrijkotte, T.G.M. (Tanja), Wright, J. (John), Zvinchuk, O. (Oleksandr), Gaillard, R. (Romy), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Philips, E.M. (Elise), Santos, S.M.S. (Susana), Trasande, L. (Leonardo), Aurrekoetxea, J.J. (Juan José), Barros, A.I. (Ana), Berg, A. (Andrea) von, Bergström, A. (Anna), Bird, P.K. (Philippa K.), Brescianini, S. (Sonia), Ní Chaoimh, C. (Carol), Charles, M.A., Chatzi, L. (Leda), Chevrier, C. (Cécile), Chrousos, G.P., Costet, N. (Nathalie), Criswell, R. (Rachel), Crozier, S. (Sarah), Eggesbø, M. (Merete), Fantini, M.P. (Maria), Farchi, S. (Sara), Forastiere, F. (Francesco), van Gelder, M.M.H.J. (Marleen M H J), Georgiu, V. (Vagelis), Godfrey, N., Gori, D. (Davide), Hanke, W. (Wojciech), Heude, B. (Barbara), Hryhorczuk, D.O. (Daniel), Iñiguez, C. (Carmen), Inskip, H.M. (Hazel), Karvonen, S.L., Kenny, L.C. (Louise C.), Kull, C.A. (Christian), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie), Lehmann, I. (Irina), Magnus, P. (Per), Manios, Y., Melén, E. (Erik), Mommers, M. (Monique), Morgen, C.S. (Camilla S.), Moschonis, G. (George), Murray, D. (Deirdre), Nohr, C. (Christian), Nybo Andersen, A.-M. (Anne-Marie), Oken, E. (Emily), Oostvogels, A.J.J.M. (Adriëtte J J M), Papadopoulou, E. (Eleni), Pekkanen, J. (Juha), Pizzi, C. (Costanza), Polanska, K. (Kinga), Porta, D. (Daniela), Richiardi, L. (Lorenzo), Rifas-Shiman, S.L. (Sheryl), Roeleveld, N. (Nel), Rusconi, F. (Franca), Santos, A.C. (Ana Cristina), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Standl, M. (Marie), Stoltenberg, C. (Camilla), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Thijs, C. (Carel), Torrent, M. (Maties), Vrijkotte, T.G.M. (Tanja), Wright, J. (John), Zvinchuk, O. (Oleksandr), Gaillard, R. (Romy), and Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Fetal smoke exposure is a common and key avoidable risk factor for birth complications and seems to influence later risk of overweight. It is unclear whether this increased risk is also present if mothers smoke during the first trimester only or reduce the number of cigarettes during pregnancy, or when only fathers smoke. We aimed to assess the associations of parental smoking during pregnancy, specifically of quitting or reducing smoking and maternal and paternal smoking combined, with preterm birth, small size for gestational age, and childhood overweight. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis among 229,158 families from 28 pregnancy/birth cohorts from Europe and North America. All 28 cohorts had information on maternal smoking, and 16 also had information on paternal smoking. In total, 22 cohorts were population-based, with birth years ranging from 1991 to 2015. The mothers' median age was 30.0 years, and most mothers were medium or highly educated. We used multilevel binary logistic regression models adjusted for maternal and paternal sociodemographic and lifestyle-related characteristics. Compared with nonsmoking mothers, maternal first trimester smoking only was not associated with adverse birth outcomes but was associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.17 [95% CI 1.02-1.35], P value = 0.030). Children from mothers who continued smoking during pregnancy had higher risks of preterm birth (OR 1.08 [95% CI 1.02-1.15], P value = 0.012), small size for gestational age (OR 2.15 [95% CI 2.07-2.23], P value < 0.001), and childhood overweight (OR 1.42 [95% CI 1.35-1.48], P value < 0.001). Mothers who reduced the number of cigarettes between the first and third trimester, without quitting, still had a higher risk of small size for gestational age. However, the corresponding risk estimates were smaller than for women who continued the same amount of cigarettes throughout pregnancy (OR 1.

Published
2020
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3. Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania

Author

Santos, S. (Susana), Eekhout, I. (Iris), Voerman, E. (Ellis), Gaillard, R. (Romy), Barros, A.I. (Ana), Charles, M.A., Chatzi, L. (Leda), Chevrier, C. (Cécile), Chrousos, G.P. (George P.), Corpeleijn, W.E. (Willemijn), Costet, N. (Nathalie), Crozier, S. (Sarah), Doyon, M. (Myriam), Eggesbø, M. (Merete), Fantini, M.P. (Maria), Farchi, S. (Sara), Forastiere, F. (Francesco), Gagliardi, L. (Luigi), Georgiu, V. (Vagelis), Godfrey, K.M. (Keith M.), Gori, D. (Davide), Grote, V. (Veit), Hanke, W. (Wojciech), Hertz-Picciotto, I. (Irva), Heude, B. (Barbara), Hivert, M.-F. (Marie-France), Hryhorczuk, D.O. (Daniel), Huang, R.-C. (Rae-Chi), Inskip, H.M. (Hazel), Jusko, T.A. (Todd A), Karvonen, A.M. (Anne M.), Koletzko, B. (Berthold), Küpers, A.M. (Marlijn), Lagström, H. (Hanna), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie A.), Lehmann, I. (Irina), Lopez-Espinosa, M.-J. (Maria-Jose), Magnus, P. (Per), Majewska, R. (Renata), Mäkelä, J. (Johanna), Manios, Y., McDonald, S.W. (Sheila W.), Mommers, M. (Monique), Morgen, C.S. (Camilla S.), Moschonis, G., Murinova, L.P. (Lubica Palkovicova), Newnham, J.P. (John), Nohr, C. (Christian), Andersen, A-M.N. (Anne-Marie Nybo), Oken, E. (Emily), Oostvogels, A.J.J.M. (Adriëtte J. J. M.), Pac, A. (Agnieszka), Papadopoulou, E. (Eleni), Pekkanen, J. (Juha), Pizzi, C. (Costanza), Polanska, K. (Kinga), Porta, D. (Daniela), Richiardi, L. (Lorenzo), Rifas-Shiman, S.L. (Sheryl), Roeleveld, N. (Nel), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Santos, A.C. (Ana Cristina), Smit, H.A. (Henriëtte), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Standl, M. (Marie), Stanislawski, M. (Maggie), Stoltenberg, C. (Camilla), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Thijs, C. (Carel), Torrent, M. (Maties), Tough, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Trnovec, T. (Tomáš), Van Gelder, M.M.H.J. (Marleen M. H. J.), Rossem, L. (Lenie) van, Berg, A. (Andrea) von, Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Vrijkotte, T.G.M. (Tanja), Zvinchuk, O. (Oleksandr), Buuren, S. (Stef) van, Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Santos, S. (Susana), Eekhout, I. (Iris), Voerman, E. (Ellis), Gaillard, R. (Romy), Barros, A.I. (Ana), Charles, M.A., Chatzi, L. (Leda), Chevrier, C. (Cécile), Chrousos, G.P. (George P.), Corpeleijn, W.E. (Willemijn), Costet, N. (Nathalie), Crozier, S. (Sarah), Doyon, M. (Myriam), Eggesbø, M. (Merete), Fantini, M.P. (Maria), Farchi, S. (Sara), Forastiere, F. (Francesco), Gagliardi, L. (Luigi), Georgiu, V. (Vagelis), Godfrey, K.M. (Keith M.), Gori, D. (Davide), Grote, V. (Veit), Hanke, W. (Wojciech), Hertz-Picciotto, I. (Irva), Heude, B. (Barbara), Hivert, M.-F. (Marie-France), Hryhorczuk, D.O. (Daniel), Huang, R.-C. (Rae-Chi), Inskip, H.M. (Hazel), Jusko, T.A. (Todd A), Karvonen, A.M. (Anne M.), Koletzko, B. (Berthold), Küpers, A.M. (Marlijn), Lagström, H. (Hanna), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie A.), Lehmann, I. (Irina), Lopez-Espinosa, M.-J. (Maria-Jose), Magnus, P. (Per), Majewska, R. (Renata), Mäkelä, J. (Johanna), Manios, Y., McDonald, S.W. (Sheila W.), Mommers, M. (Monique), Morgen, C.S. (Camilla S.), Moschonis, G., Murinova, L.P. (Lubica Palkovicova), Newnham, J.P. (John), Nohr, C. (Christian), Andersen, A-M.N. (Anne-Marie Nybo), Oken, E. (Emily), Oostvogels, A.J.J.M. (Adriëtte J. J. M.), Pac, A. (Agnieszka), Papadopoulou, E. (Eleni), Pekkanen, J. (Juha), Pizzi, C. (Costanza), Polanska, K. (Kinga), Porta, D. (Daniela), Richiardi, L. (Lorenzo), Rifas-Shiman, S.L. (Sheryl), Roeleveld, N. (Nel), Santa-Marina, L. (Loreto), Santos, A.C. (Ana Cristina), Smit, H.A. (Henriëtte), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Standl, M. (Marie), Stanislawski, M. (Maggie), Stoltenberg, C. (Camilla), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Thijs, C. (Carel), Torrent, M. (Maties), Tough, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Trnovec, T. (Tomáš), Van Gelder, M.M.H.J. (Marleen M. H. J.), Rossem, L. (Lenie) van, Berg, A. (Andrea) von, Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Vrijkotte, T.G.M. (Tanja), Zvinchuk, O. (Oleksandr), Buuren, S. (Stef) van, and Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent)

Abstract

Background: Gestational weight gain differs according to pre-pregnancy body mass index and is related to the risks of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Gestational weight gain charts for women in different pre-pregnancy body mass index groups enable identification of women and offspring at risk for adverse health outcomes. We aimed to construct gestational weight gain reference charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2 and 3 obese women and to compare these charts with those obtained in women with uncomplicated term pregnancies. Methods: We used individual participant data from 218,216 pregnant women participating in 33 cohorts from Europe, North America, and Oceania. Of these women, 9065 (4.2%), 148,697 (68.1%), 42,678 (19.6%), 13,084 (6.0%), 3597 (1.6%), and 1095 (0.5%) were underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. A total of 138, 517 women from 26 cohorts had pregnancies with no hypertensive or diabetic disorders and with term deliveries of appropriate for gestational age at birth infants. Gestational weight gain charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grade 1, 2, and 3 obese women were derived by the Box-Cox t method using the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape. Results: We observed that gestational weight gain strongly differed per maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index group. The median (interquartile range) gestational weight gain at 40 weeks was 14.2 kg (11.4-17.4) for underweight women, 14.5 kg (11.5-17.7) for normal weight women, 13.9 kg (10.1-17.9) for overweight women, and 11.2 kg (7.0-15.7), 8.7 kg (4.3-13.4) and 6.3 kg (1.9-11.1) for grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. The rate of weight gain was lower in the first half than in the second half of pregnancy. No differences in the patterns of weight gain were observed between cohorts or countries. Similar weight gain patterns were observed in mothers without pregnancy compli

Published
2018
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4. A systematic review of maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal measurements with meta-analysis

Author

Abraham, M. (Miriam), Alramadhan, S. (Salem), Iñiguez, A. (Andrés), Duijts, L. (Liesbeth), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Dekker, H.T.D. (Herman T. Den), Crozier, S. (Sarah), Godfrey, N., Hindmarsh, P. (Peter), Vik, T. (Torstein), Jacobsen, G.W. (Geir W.), Hanke, W. (Wojciech), Sobala, W. (Wojciech), Devereux, M.P. (Michael ), Turner, S. (Steve), Abraham, M. (Miriam), Alramadhan, S. (Salem), Iñiguez, A. (Andrés), Duijts, L. (Liesbeth), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Dekker, H.T.D. (Herman T. Den), Crozier, S. (Sarah), Godfrey, N., Hindmarsh, P. (Peter), Vik, T. (Torstein), Jacobsen, G.W. (Geir W.), Hanke, W. (Wojciech), Sobala, W. (Wojciech), Devereux, M.P. (Michael ), and Turner, S. (Steve)

Abstract

Background Maternal smoking during pregnancy is linked to reduced birth weight but the gestation at onset of this relationship is not certain. We present a systematic review of the literature describing associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ultrasound measurements of fetal size, together with an accompanying meta-analysis. Methods Studies were selected from electronic databases (OVID, EMBASE and Google Scholar) that examined associations between maternal smoking or smoke exposure and antenatal fetal ultrasound measurements. Outcome measures were first, second or third trimester fetal measurements. Results There were 284 abstracts identified, 16 papers were included in the review and the metaanalysis included data from eight populations. Maternal smoking was associated with reduced second trimester head size (mean reduction 0.09 standard deviation (SD) [95% CI 0.01, 0.16]) and femur length (0.06 [0.01, 0.10]) and reduced third trimester head size (0.18SD [0.13, 0.23]), femur length (0.27 SD [0.21, 0.32]) and estimated fetal weight (0.18 SD [0.11, 0.24]). Higher maternal cigarette consumption was associated with a lower z score for head size in the second (mean difference 0.09 SD [0, 0.19]) and third (0.15 SD [0.03, 0.26]) trimesters compared to lower consumption. Fetal measurements were not reduced for those whose mothers quit before or after becoming pregnant compared to mothers who had never smoked. Conclusions Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with reduced fetal measurements after the first trimester, particularly reduced head size and femur length. These effects may be attenuated if mothers quit or reduce cigarette consumption during pregnancy.

Published
2017
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