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187 results on '"Crozier, Robert A."'

1. GSK3 inhibition improves skeletal muscle function and whole-body metabolism in male mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Author

Marcella, Bianca M., Hockey, Briana L., Braun, Jessica L., Whitley, Kennedy C., Geromella, Mia S., Baranowski, Ryan W., Watson, Colton J. F., Silvera, Sebastian, Hamstra, Sophie I., Wasilewicz, Luc J., Crozier, Robert W. E., Marais, Amélie A. T., Kim, Kun Ho, Lee, Gabsang, Vandenboom, Rene, Roy, Brian D., MacNeil, Adam J., MacPherson, Rebecca E. K., and Fajardo, Val A.

Published
2024
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14. Binding of Rapamycin Analogs to Calcium Channels and FKBP52 Contributes to Their Neuroprotective Activities

Author

Ruan, Benfang, Pong, Kevin, Jow, Flora, Bowlby, Mark, Crozier, Robert A., Liu, Danni, Liang, Shi, Chen, Yi, Mercado, Mary Lynn, Feng, Xidong, Bennett, Frann, von Schack, David, McDonald, Leonard, Zaleska, Margaret M., Wood, Andrew, Reinhart, Peter H., Magolda, Ronald L., Skotnicki, Jerauld, Pangalos, Menelas N., Koehn, Frank E., Carter, Guy T., Abou-Gharbia, Magid, and Graziani, Edmund I.

Published
2008
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18. GSK3 inhibition improves skeletal muscle function and whole-body metabolism in the severe DBA/2J mdx mouse model

Author

Marcella, Bianca M, primary, Hockey, Briana, additional, Braun, Jessica L, additional, Whitley, Kennedy C, additional, Geromella, Mia S, additional, Baranowski, Ryan W, additional, Watson, Colton JF, additional, Silvera, Sebastian, additional, Hamstra, Sophie I, additional, Wasilewicz, Luc J, additional, Crozier, Robert WE, additional, Marais, Amelie A, additional, Vandenboom, Rene, additional, Roy, Brian D, additional, MacNeil, Adam J, additional, MacPherson, Rebecca EK, additional, and Fajardo, Val, additional

Published
2022
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19. Trusting a gut feeling: the potential of a newly refined human intestinal enteroid model to evaluate viral‐host interactions

Author

Coish, Jeremia M., Crozier, Robert W. E., and Schertzer, Katarina E.

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Innate immune system, Host Microbial Interactions, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2, Physiology, Host (biology), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), media_common.quotation_subject, Biology, Virology, Immunity, Innate, Article, Feeling, Humans, Microbiome, media_common
Abstract

The intestinal epithelium represents the primary interface between the host, the gut microbiome and its external environment. Since the intestinal epithelium contributes to innate immunity as a first line of defense, understanding how the epithelium responds to microbial and host stimuli is an important consideration in promoting homeostasis. Human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) are primary epithelial cell cultures that can provide insights into the biology of the intestinal epithelium and innate immune responses. One potential limitation of using HIEs for innate immune studies is the relative lack of responsiveness to factors that stimulate epithelial cytokine production. We report technical refinements, including removal of extracellular antioxidants, to facilitate enhanced cytokine responses in HIEs. Using this new method, we demonstrate that HIEs have distinct cytokine profiles in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli derived from host and microbial sources. Overall, we found that host-derived cytokines TNF and IL-1α stimulated reactive oxygen species and a large repertoire of cytokines. In contrast, microbial stimuli LPS, LTA and flagellin stimulated a limited number of cytokines and histamine did not stimulate the release of any cytokines. Importantly HIE secreted cytokines were functionally active, as denoted by the ability of human blood-derived neutrophil to migrate towards HIE supernatant containing IL-8. These findings establish that the immune responsiveness of HIEs depends on medium composition and stimuli. By refining the experimental culture medium and creating an environment conducive to epithelial cytokine responses by human enteroids, HIEs can facilitate exploration of many experimental questions pertaining to the role of the intestinal epithelium in innate immunity.

Published
2020
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20. Targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3 with CHIR99021 negatively regulates allergen‐induced mast cell activation.

Author

Crozier, Robert W. E., Fajardo, Val A., and MacNeil, Adam J.

Subjects
GLYCOGEN synthase kinase, MAST cells, TRYPTASE, SERINE/THREONINE kinases, C-kit protein
Abstract

Mast cells are granulated immune sentinels responsible for allergic inflammation. Allergen‐induced FcεRI‐signaling leads to rapid degranulation in the early‐phase and sustained production and release of pro‐inflammatory mediators in the late phase. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a constitutively active serine/threonine kinase and a central molecular convergence point for several pro‐inflammatory pathways. GSK3 inhibition has been shown to reduce inflammation but has not yet been fully characterized in mast cell activation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate GSK3 as a putative therapeutic target in allergic inflammation using the GSK3 inhibitor, CHIR99021. Here, we found that GSK3 inhibition impaired ROS production and degranulation. Through modulation of MKK4‐JNK, c‐jun, and NF‐κB signaling, GSK3 inhibition reduced the production/release of IL‐6, IL‐13, TNF, and CCL1, while only the release of CCL2 and CCL3 was impaired. Furthermore, CHIR99021‐mediated GSK3 inhibition altered the pro‐inflammatory phenotype of mast cells, reducing c‐kit receptor levels. This implicated GSK3 in FcεRI signaling, reducing release of IL‐6, TNF, and CCL1 when stimulated through FcεRI, while CCL2 and CCL3 remained unaffected, and were increased when stimulated with SCF only. These results identify GSK3 as a potential therapeutic target of utility warranting further consideration in contexts of pathological mast cell activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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37. Analog transmission of action potential fine structure in spiral ganglion axons.

Author

Wenke Liu, Qing Liu, Crozier, Robert A., and Davis, Robin L.

Abstract

Action potential waveforms generated at the axon initial segment (AIS) are specialized between and within neuronal classes. But is the fine structure of each electrical event retained when transmitted along myelinated axons or is it rapidly and uniformly transmitted to be modified again at the axon terminal? To address this issue, action potential axonal transmission was evaluated in a class of primary sensory afferents that possess numerous types of voltage-gated ion channels underlying a complex repertoire of endogenous firing patterns. In addition to their signature intrinsic electrophysiological heterogeneity, spiral ganglion neurons are uniquely designed. The bipolar, myelinated somata of type I neurons are located within the conduction pathway, requiring that action potentials generated at the first heminode must be conducted through their electrically excitable membrane. We used this unusual axonal-like morphology to serve as a window into action potential transmission to compare locally evoked action potential profiles to those generated peripherally at their glutamatergic synaptic connections with hair cell receptors. These comparisons showed that the distinctively shaped somatic action potentials were highly correlated with the nodally generated, invading ones for each neuron. This result indicates that the fine structure of the action potential waveform is maintained axonally, thus supporting the concept that analog signaling is incorporated into each digitally transmitted action potential in the specialized primary auditory afferents. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Diverse action potential shapes and kinetics resulting from dynamic heterogeneity in spiral ganglion neurons are axonally transmitted as multiplexed signals that retain the fine structure of each distinctive waveform within a digital code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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43. Long-term treatment with plecanatide was safe and tolerable in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.

Author

Barish, Charles F., Crozier, Robert A., Griffin, Patrick H., and Griffin, Patrick

Subjects
*INTESTINAL diseases, *CONSTIPATION
Abstract

Objective: This open-label, multi-center, fixed-dose study (NCT02706483) evaluated the long-term safety and tolerability of plecanatide for the treatment of adults with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).Methods: Safety and tolerability of once-daily plecanatide 6 mg for up to 53 weeks was assessed in patients with IBS-C who either had been enrolled in one of the phase 3 studies or were study-naïve but met eligibility criteria of the double-blind studies. Safety was assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs). Patient-reported questionnaires assessed overall IBS symptoms, treatment satisfaction, and desire for treatment continuation. No dose adjustments or treatment interruptions were permitted during the study.Results: Of the 2272 patients enrolled, 1842 (81.1%) completed the study. AEs were experienced by 27.3%, and 4.3% discontinued due to an AE. Most AEs were mild or moderate (90.3%). The incidence of diarrhea, the most commonly reported AE, was low (6.7%), and declined in frequency over time. Diarrhea was the most common cause of AE-related withdrawals (2.7% of patients). At week 53 or end of treatment, 88.2% of patients reported "significant" or "moderate" relief, 72.4% were "very" or "quite" satisfied with treatment, and 76.6% were "very" or "quite" likely to continue treatment.Conclusions: Plecanatide 6 mg was safe and well tolerated in patients with IBS-C treated for up to 53 weeks, with an overall safety profile similar to the 12-week IBS-C studies. Patients reported high rates of relief and satisfaction with treatment, and interest in continuing therapy.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02706483. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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45. P1-238: Soluble Aβ from PSAPP mice is different to that extracted from Alzheimer patients

Author

Hirst, Warren D., primary, Needle, Elie, additional, Staal, Roland G.W., additional, Crozier, Robert, additional, Breysse, Nathalie, additional, Nagy, Reka, additional, Sung, Amy, additional, Monaghan, Michael, additional, Riddell, David R., additional, Chin, Jeannie, additional, Walsh, Dominic M., additional, Pangalos, Menelas N., additional, Reinhart, Peter H., additional, and Jacobsen, J.S., additional

Published
2010
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46. Readers report.

Author

Crozier, Robert B., Petertil, Jeff, Evans, O. Lynn, Herbert, Victor, Heisserman, Robert E., Hulett, Dan, Britt, John J., Quade, Quentin L., Wilke, David, Kimes, James D., and Price, Richard

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, PRICE inflation, PENSIONS, EMPLOYEE reviews, COMMUNISM, CAPITALISM
Abstract

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "Inflation Is Wrecking the Private Pension System" in the May 12, 1980 issue, "Appraising the Performance Appraisal" in the May 19, 1980 issue, and "Marxists on the Campus" in the April 28, 1980 issue.

Published
1980

50. Binding of novel rapamycin analogs to calcium channels and FKBP52 contributes to their neuroprotective activities

Author

Ruan, Benfang Helen, primary, Pong, Kevin, additional, Jow, Flora, additional, Bowlby, Mark, additional, Crozier, Robert, additional, Liu, Danni, additional, Liang, Shi, additional, Chen, Yi, additional, Mercado, Mary Lynn, additional, Feng, Xiaodong, additional, Bennett, Frann, additional, Von Schack, David, additional, McDonald, Leonard, additional, Zaleska, Margaret, additional, Wood, Andrew, additional, Reinhart, Peter, additional, Magolda, Ronald L., additional, Skotnicki, Jerauld, additional, Pangalos, Menelas N., additional, Koehn, Frank E., additional, Carter, Guy, additional, Abou‐Gharbia, Magid, additional, and Graziami, Edmund, additional

Published
2008
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