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1. The global distribution and drivers of wood density and their impact on forest carbon stocks.

Author

Mo, Lidong, Crowther, Thomas W, Maynard, Daniel S, van den Hoogen, Johan, Ma, Haozhi, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Phillips, Oliver L, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Amaral, Iêda, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boonman, Coline CF, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hietz, Peter, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, and Johannsen, Vivian Kvist

Subjects
Ecology, Evolutionary biology, Environmental management
Abstract

The density of wood is a key indicator of the carbon investment strategies of trees, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here we analyse information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to 30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems.

Published
2024

2. Assessing innovations for upscaling forest landscape restoration

Author

Werden, Leland K, Cole, Rebecca J, Schönhofer, Katrin, Holl, Karen D, Zahawi, Rakan A, Averill, Colin, Schweizer, Daniella, Calvo-Alvarado, Julio C, Hamilton, Debra, Joyce, Francis H, San-José, Miriam, Hofhansl, Florian, Briggs, Lilly, Rodríguez, David, Tingle, Jeffrey W, Chiriboga, Fidel, Broadbent, Eben N, Quirós-Cedeño, Gerald J, and Crowther, Thomas W

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Ecological Applications, Environmental Sciences, Life on Land, Earth sciences, Environmental sciences
Published
2024

4. Positive feedbacks and alternative stable states in forest leaf types

Author

Zou, Yibiao, Zohner, Constantin M, Averill, Colin, Ma, Haozhi, Merder, Julian, Berdugo, Miguel, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Mo, Lidong, Brun, Philipp, Zimmermann, Niklaus E, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Niinements, Ulo, Dahlgren, Jonas, Kändler, Gerald, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, de Zavala, Miguel Angel, and Crowther, Thomas W

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Forestry Sciences
Abstract

Abstract: The emergence of alternative stable states in forest systems has significant implications for the functioning and structure of the terrestrial biosphere, yet empirical evidence remains scarce. Here, we combine global forest biodiversity observations and simulations to test for alternative stable states in the presence of evergreen and deciduous forest types. We reveal a bimodal distribution of forest leaf types across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere that cannot be explained by the environment alone, suggesting signatures of alternative forest states. Moreover, we empirically demonstrate the existence of positive feedbacks in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, with trees having 4–43% higher growth rates, 14–17% higher survival rates and 4–7 times higher recruitment rates when they are surrounded by trees of their own leaf type. Simulations show that the observed positive feedbacks are necessary and sufficient to generate alternative forest states, which also lead to dependency on history (hysteresis) during ecosystem transition from evergreen to deciduous forests and vice versa. We identify hotspots of bistable forest types in evergreen-deciduous ecotones, which are likely driven by soil-related positive feedbacks. These findings are integral to predicting the distribution of forest biomes, and aid to our understanding of biodiversity, carbon turnover, and terrestrial climate feedbacks.

Published
2024

5. Review and assessment of smartphone apps for forest restoration monitoring

Author

Schweizer, Daniella, Cole, Rebecca J, Werden, Leland K, Cedeño, Gerald Quirós, Rodriguez, David, Navarro, Kassandra, Esquivel, Jose Marcel, Max, Simeon, Chiriboga, Fidel E, Zahawi, Rakan A, Holl, Karen D, and Crowther, Thomas W

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Bioengineering, artificial intelligence, forest restoration, indicators, monitoring, remote sensing, smartphone apps, technology, Ecology, Biological sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

With increased interest in forest restoration comes an urgent need to provide accurate, scalable, and cost‐effective monitoring tools. The ubiquity of smartphones has led to a surge in monitoring apps. We reviewed and assessed monitoring apps found through web searches and conversations with practitioners. We identified 42 apps that (1) automatically monitor indicators or (2) facilitate data entry. We selected the five most promising from the first category, based on their relevance, availability, stability, and user support. We compared them to traditional field techniques in a well‐studied restoration project in Costa Rica. We received further feedback from 15 collaborator organizations that evaluated these in their corresponding field restoration sites. Diameter measurements correlated well with traditional tape‐based measurements (R2 = 0.86–0.89). Canopy openness and ground cover showed weaker correlations to densiometer and quadrat cover measurements (R2 = 0.42–0.51). Apps did not improve labor efficiency but do preclude the purchase of specialized field equipment. The apps reviewed here need further development and validation to support monitoring adequately, especially in the tropics. Estimates of development and maintenance costs, as well as statistics on user uptake, are required for cost‐effective development. We recommend a coordinated effort to develop dedicated restoration monitoring apps that can speed up and standardize the collection of indicators and provide evidence on restoration outcomes alongside a centralized repository of this information.

Published
2024

7. The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Author

Ma, Haozhi, Crowther, Thomas W, Mo, Lidong, Maynard, Daniel S, Renner, Susanne S, van den Hoogen, Johan, Zou, Yibiao, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Niinemets, Ülo, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T, Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, and Johannsen, Vivian Kvist

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Climate Action, Plant Biology, Crop and Pasture Production, Plant biology
Abstract

Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17-34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.

Published
2023

8. Author Correction: Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author

Delavaux, Camille S, Crowther, Thomas W, Zohner, Constantin M, Robmann, Niamh M, Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T, Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A, Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, and Karminov, Viktor

Subjects
General Science & Technology
Published
2023

13. Ecological countermeasures to prevent pathogen spillover and subsequent pandemics

Author

Plowright, Raina K., Ahmed, Aliyu N., Coulson, Tim, Crowther, Thomas W., Ejotre, Imran, Faust, Christina L., Frick, Winifred F., Hudson, Peter J., Kingston, Tigga, Nameer, P. O., O’Mara, M. Teague, Peel, Alison J., Possingham, Hugh, Razgour, Orly, Reeder, DeeAnn M., Ruiz-Aravena, Manuel, Simmons, Nancy B., Srinivas, Prashanth N., Tabor, Gary M., Tanshi, Iroro, Thompson, Ian G., Vanak, Abi T., Vora, Neil M., Willison, Charley E., and Keeley, Annika T. H.

Published
2024
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14. Fungal community composition predicts forest carbon storage at a continental scale

Author

Anthony, Mark A., Tedersoo, Leho, De Vos, Bruno, Croisé, Luc, Meesenburg, Henning, Wagner, Markus, Andreae, Henning, Jacob, Frank, Lech, Paweł, Kowalska, Anna, Greve, Martin, Popova, Genoveva, Frey, Beat, Gessler, Arthur, Schaub, Marcus, Ferretti, Marco, Waldner, Peter, Calatayud, Vicent, Canullo, Roberto, Papitto, Giancarlo, Marinšek, Aleksander, Ingerslev, Morten, Vesterdal, Lars, Rautio, Pasi, Meissner, Helge, Timmermann, Volkmar, Dettwiler, Mike, Eickenscheidt, Nadine, Schmitz, Andreas, Van Tiel, Nina, Crowther, Thomas W., and Averill, Colin

Published
2024
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16. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions.

Author

Delavaux, Camille S, Crowther, Thomas W, Zohner, Constantin M, Robmann, Niamh M, Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T, Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A, Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, and Karminov, Viktor

Subjects
General Science & Technology
Abstract

Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5-7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions.

Published
2023

18. Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential

Author

Mo, Lidong, Zohner, Constantin M., Reich, Peter B., Liang, Jingjing, de Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Renner, Susanne S., van den Hoogen, Johan, Araza, Arnan, Herold, Martin, Mirzagholi, Leila, Ma, Haozhi, Averill, Colin, Phillips, Oliver L., Gamarra, Javier G. P., Hordijk, Iris, Routh, Devin, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Amaral, Iêda, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q., Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J., Crim, Philip M., Cumming, Jonathan R., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J., Eyre, Teresa J., Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro V., Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L., Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Kucher, Dmitry, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Mendoza-Polo, Irina, Miscicki, Stanislaw, Merow, Cory, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Pretzsch, Hans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Van Do, Tran, van Nuland, Michael E., Vasquez, Rodolfo M., Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua-Feng, Watson, James V., Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderik, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., Gann, George D., and Crowther, Thomas W.

Published
2023
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19. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

Author

Bouchard, Elise, Searle, Eric B, Drapeau, Pierre, Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier GP, Abegg, Meinrad, Alberti, Giorgio, Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda, Alvarez‐Davila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo, Bastin, Jean‐François, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro, Broadbent, Eben, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Češljar, Goran, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J, Corral‐Rivas, José Javier, Crowther, Thomas W, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, Decuyper, Mathieu, Gasper, André L, de‐Miguel, Sergio, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjević, Ilija, Van Do, Tran, Dolezal, Jiri, Fayle, Tom M, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Hemp, Andreas, Hérault, Bruno, Herold, Martin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jucker, Tommaso, Kepfer‐Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Kim, Hyun Seok, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lewis, Simon, Lu, Huicui, Maitner, Brian S, Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R, Mukul, Sharif A, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, Nava‐Miranda, María Guadalupe, Parfenova, Elena I, Park, Minjee, Peri, Pablo L, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L, Piedade, Maria Teresa F, Piotto, Daniel, Poulsen, John R, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Reich, Peter B, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Saikia, Purabi, Salas‐Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Schöngart, Jochen, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Souza, Alexandre F, Stereńczak, Krzysztof, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tchebakova, Nadezhda M, Steege, Hans, Tikhonova, Elena V, Usoltsev, Vladimir A, Valladares, Fernando, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C, Wang, Hua‐Feng, Westerlund, Bertil, Wiser, Susan K, Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, and Zhou, Mo

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, biogeography, climate, environmental gradients, functional traits, seed mass, species abundance, specific leaf area, trees, wood density
Abstract

Abstract: Aim: To determine the relationships between the functional trait composition of forest communities and environmental gradients across scales and biomes and the role of species relative abundances in these relationships. Location: Global. Time period: Recent. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We integrated species abundance records from worldwide forest inventories and associated functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass) to obtain a data set of 99,953 to 149,285 plots (depending on the trait) spanning all forested continents. We computed community‐weighted and unweighted means of trait values for each plot and related them to three broad environmental gradients and their interactions (energy availability, precipitation and soil properties) at two scales (global and biomes). Results: Our models explained up to 60% of the variance in trait distribution. At global scale, the energy gradient had the strongest influence on traits. However, within‐biome models revealed different relationships among biomes. Notably, the functional composition of tropical forests was more influenced by precipitation and soil properties than energy availability, whereas temperate forests showed the opposite pattern. Depending on the trait studied, response to gradients was more variable and proportionally weaker in boreal forests. Community unweighted means were better predicted than weighted means for almost all models. Main conclusions: Worldwide, trees require a large amount of energy (following latitude) to produce dense wood and seeds, while leaves with large surface to weight ratios are concentrated in temperate forests. However, patterns of functional composition within‐biome differ from global patterns due to biome specificities such as the presence of conifers or unique combinations of climatic and soil properties. We recommend assessing the sensitivity of tree functional traits to environmental changes in their geographic context. Furthermore, at a given site, the distribution of tree functional traits appears to be driven more by species presence than species abundance.

Published
2023

21. Scientists’ call to action: Microbes, planetary health, and the Sustainable Development Goals

Author

Crowther, Thomas W., Rappuoli, Rino, Corinaldesi, Cinzia, Danovaro, Roberto, Donohue, Timothy J., Huisman, Jef, Stein, Lisa Y., Timmis, James Kenneth, Timmis, Kenneth, Anderson, Matthew Z., Bakken, Lars R., Baylis, Matthew, Behrenfeld, Michael J., Boyd, Philip W., Brettell, Ian, Cavicchioli, Ricardo, Delavaux, Camille S., Foreman, Christine M., Jansson, Janet K., Koskella, Britt, Milligan-McClellan, Kat, North, Justin A., Peterson, Devin, Pizza, Mariagrazia, Ramos, Juan L., Reay, David, Remais, Justin V., Rich, Virginia I., Ripple, William J., Singh, Brajesh K., Smith, Gabriel Reuben, Stewart, Frank J., Sullivan, Matthew B., van den Hoogen, Johan, van Oppen, Madeleine J.H., Webster, Nicole S., Zohner, Constantin M., and van Galen, Laura G.

Published
2024
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24. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author

Delavaux, Camille S., Crowther, Thomas W., Zohner, Constantin M., Robmann, Niamh M., Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B., Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J., Crim, Philip M., Cumming, Jonathan R., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J., Eyre, Teresa J., Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro V., Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier G. P., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L., Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T., Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Martynenko, Olga, Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa T. F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Polo, Irina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Pretzsch, Hans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Miscicki, Stanislaw, Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Do, Tran Van, van Nuland, Michael E., Vasquez, Rodolfo M., Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua-Feng, Watson, James V., Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderik, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., and Maynard, Daniel S.

Published
2023
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26. Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity

Author

Delavaux, Camille S., LaManna, Joseph A., Myers, Jonathan A., Phillips, Richard P., Aguilar, Salomón, Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J., Baker, Matthew E., Baltzer, Jennifer L., Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bonfim, Mariana, Bourg, Norman A., Brockelman, Warren Y., Burslem, David F. R. P., Chang, Li-Wan, Chen, Yang, Chiang, Jyh-Min, Chu, Chengjin, Clay, Keith, Cordell, Susan, Cortese, Mary, den Ouden, Jan, Dick, Christopher, Ediriweera, Sisira, Ellis, Erle C., Feistner, Anna, Freestone, Amy L., Giambelluca, Thomas, Giardina, Christian P., Gilbert, Gregory S., He, Fangliang, Holík, Jan, Howe, Robert W., Huaraca Huasca, Walter, Hubbell, Stephen P., Inman, Faith, Jansen, Patrick A., Johnson, Daniel J., Kral, Kamil, Larson, Andrew J., Litton, Creighton M., Lutz, James A., Malhi, Yadvinder, McGuire, Krista, McMahon, Sean M., McShea, William J., Memiaghe, Hervé, Nathalang, Anuttara, Norden, Natalia, Novotny, Vojtech, O’Brien, Michael J., Orwig, David A., Ostertag, Rebecca, Parker, Geoffrey G. (‘Jess’), Pérez, Rolando, Reynolds, Glen, Russo, Sabrina E., Sack, Lawren, Šamonil, Pavel, Sun, I-Fang, Swanson, Mark E., Thompson, Jill, Uriarte, Maria, Vandermeer, John, Wang, Xihua, Ware, Ian, Weiblen, George D., Wolf, Amy, Wu, Shu-Hui, Zimmerman, Jess K., Lauber, Thomas, Maynard, Daniel S., Crowther, Thomas W., and Averill, Colin

Published
2023
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28. Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails

Author

Potapov, Anton M., Guerra, Carlos A., van den Hoogen, Johan, Babenko, Anatoly, Bellini, Bruno C., Berg, Matty P., Chown, Steven L., Deharveng, Louis, Kováč, Ľubomír, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Ponge, Jean-François, Potapov, Mikhail B., Russell, David J., Alexandre, Douglas, Alatalo, Juha M., Arbea, Javier I., Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bolger, Thomas, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chen, Ting-Wen, Chomel, Mathilde, Classen, Aimee T., Cortet, Jerome, Čuchta, Peter, Manuela de la Pedrosa, Ana, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, Saori, Koudji, Essivi Gagnon, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gomez-Pamies, Diego F., Greve, Michelle, Tanya Handa, I., Heiniger, Charlène, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Ivask, Mari, Janion-Scheepers, Charlene, Jochum, Malte, Joimel, Sophie, Claudia S. Jorge, Bruna, Jucevica, Edite, Ferlian, Olga, Iuñes de Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos, Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Baretta, Dilmar, Krab, Eveline J., Kuu, Annely, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoe, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciañez, María José, Marx, Michael T., McCary, Matthew A., Minor, Maria A., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Palacios-Vargas, José G., Pollierer, Melanie M., Querner, Pascal, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Rousseau, Laurent, Saifutdinov, Ruslan A., Salmon, Sandrine, Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Thakur, Madhav P., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Turnbull, Matthew S., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Venier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Winck, Bruna R., Winkler, Daniel, Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Yin, Rui, Zeppelini, Douglas, Crowther, Thomas W., Eisenhauer, Nico, and Scheu, Stefan

Published
2023
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29. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Lembrechts, Jonas J, Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B, De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya MD, Crowther, Thomas W, Bailey, Joseph J, Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H, Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Jake M, Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L, Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C, Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Bell, Michael C, Benavides, Juan C, Alonso, José Luis Benito, Berauer, Bernd J, Bjerke, Jarle W, Björk, Robert G, Björkman, Mats P, Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara NS, Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, José Luís, Campoe, Otávio C, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova‐Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L, Cifuentes, Edgar F, Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R, Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N, de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D, Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E, and Erschbamer, Brigitta

Subjects
Climate Action, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Microclimate, Soil, Temperature, bioclimatic variables, global maps, microclimate, near-surface temperatures, soil-dwelling organisms, soil temperature, temperature offset, weather stations, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

Published
2022

30. Coarse woody debris accelerates the decomposition of deadwood inputs across temperate forest

Author

Bradford, Mark A., Veen, G. F. Ciska, Bradford, Ella M., Covey, Kristofer R., Crowther, Thomas W., Fields, Nicholas, Frankson, Paul T., González-Rivero, Javier, Jevon, Fiona V., Kuebbing, Sara E., McBride, Steven, Mohan, Jacqueline E., Oldfield, Emily E., Oliverio, Angela M., Polussa, Alexander, Steinrueck, Corinna, Strickland, Michael S., Ward, Elisabeth B., Wepking, Carl, and Maynard, Daniel S.

Published
2023
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34. Nutrient availability controls the impact of mammalian herbivores on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in grasslands

Author

Sitters, Judith, Wubs, ER Jasper, Bakker, Elisabeth S, Crowther, Thomas W, Adler, Peter B, Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Borer, Elizabeth T, Cleland, Elsa E, Eisenhauer, Nico, Firn, Jennifer, Gherardi, Laureano, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E, Knops, Johannes MH, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, Peri, Pablo L, Prober, Suzanne M, Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W, Siebert, Julia, Stevens, Carly J, and Veen, GF Ciska

Subjects
Climate Action, carbon sequestration, exclosure, fertilization, global change, grazing, herbivory, nutrient dynamics, nutrient enrichment, Nutrient Network, soil microorganisms, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature - herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local-scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global-scale models to better predict land-atmosphere interactions under future climate change.

Published
2020

35. A global database of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition.

Author

van den Hoogen, Johan, Geisen, Stefan, Wall, Diana H, Wardle, David A, Traunspurger, Walter, de Goede, Ron GM, Adams, Byron J, Ahmad, Wasim, Ferris, Howard, Bardgett, Richard D, Bonkowski, Michael, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Cares, Juvenil E, Caruso, Tancredi, de Brito Caixeta, Larissa, Chen, Xiaoyun, Costa, Sofia R, Creamer, Rachel, da Cunha E Castro, José Mauro, Dam, Marie, Djigal, Djibril, Escuer, Miguel, Griffiths, Bryan S, Gutiérrez, Carmen, Hohberg, Karin, Kalinkina, Daria, Kardol, Paul, Kergunteuil, Alan, Korthals, Gerard, Krashevska, Valentyna, Kudrin, Alexey A, Li, Qi, Liang, Wenju, Magilton, Matthew, Marais, Mariette, Martín, José Antonio Rodríguez, Matveeva, Elizaveta, Mayad, El Hassan, Mzough, E, Mulder, Christian, Mullin, Peter, Neilson, Roy, Nguyen, TA Duong, Nielsen, Uffe N, Okada, Hiroaki, Rius, Juan Emilio Palomares, Pan, Kaiwen, Peneva, Vlada, Pellissier, Loïc, da Silva, Julio Carlos Pereira, Pitteloud, Camille, Powers, Thomas O, Powers, Kirsten, Quist, Casper W, Rasmann, Sergio, Moreno, Sara Sánchez, Scheu, Stefan, Setälä, Heikki, Sushchuk, Anna, Tiunov, Alexei V, Trap, Jean, Vestergård, Mette, Villenave, Cecile, Waeyenberge, Lieven, Wilschut, Rutger A, Wright, Daniel G, Keith, Aidan M, Yang, Jiue-In, Schmidt, Olaf, Bouharroud, R, Ferji, Z, van der Putten, Wim H, Routh, Devin, and Crowther, Thomas W

Abstract

As the most abundant animals on earth, nematodes are a dominant component of the soil community. They play critical roles in regulating biogeochemical cycles and vegetation dynamics within and across landscapes and are an indicator of soil biological activity. Here, we present a comprehensive global dataset of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition. This dataset includes 6,825 georeferenced soil samples from all continents and biomes. For geospatial mapping purposes these samples are aggregated into 1,933 unique 1-km pixels, each of which is linked to 73 global environmental covariate data layers. Altogether, this dataset can help to gain insight into the spatial distribution patterns of soil nematode abundance and community composition, and the environmental drivers shaping these patterns.

Published
2020

37. Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients

Author

Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier G. P., Picard, Nicolas, Zhou, Mo, Pijanowski, Bryan, Jacobs, Douglass F., Reich, Peter B., Crowther, Thomas W., Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, de-Miguel, Sergio, Fang, Jingyun, Woodall, Christopher W., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Jucker, Tommaso, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Wiser, Susan K., Slik, Ferry, Hérault, Bruno, Alberti, Giorgio, Keppel, Gunnar, Hengeveld, Geerten M., Ibisch, Pierre L., Silva, Carlos A., ter Steege, Hans, Peri, Pablo L., Coomes, David A., Searle, Eric B., von Gadow, Klaus, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Abbasi, Akane O., Abegg, Meinrad, Yao, Yves C. Adou, Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús, Zambrano, Angelica M. Almeyda, Altman, Jan, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Álvarez-González, Juan Gabriel, Alves, Luciana F., Amani, Bienvenu H. K., Amani, Christian A., Ammer, Christian, Ilondea, Bhely Angoboy, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Azihou, Akomian F., Baard, Johan A., Baker, Timothy R., Balazy, Radomir, Bastian, Meredith L., Batumike, Rodrigue, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Benu, Nithanel Mikael Hendrik, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q., Briseno-Reyes, Jaime, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bulte, Erwin, Catlin, Ann Christine, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G., Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Colletta, Gabriel D., Corral-Rivas, José Javier, Cuchietti, Anibal, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dar, Javid A., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Haulleville, Thales, Decuyper, Mathieu, Delabye, Sylvain, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Diisi, John, Do, Tran Van, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Durrheim, Graham P., Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Eyre, Teresa J., Fayle, Tom M., Feunang, Lethicia Flavine N., Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, de Gasper, André L., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Gonzalez-Elizondo, Maria Socorro, Gorenstein, Lev, Habonayo, Richard, Hardy, Olivier J., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Hubau, Wannes, Ibanez, Thomas, Imai, Nobuo, Imani, Gerard, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Janecek, Stepan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jumbam, Blaise, Kabelong, Banoho L. P. R., Kahsay, Goytom Abraha, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kassi, Justin N., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Kigomo, John N., Kim, Hyun Seok, Klauberg, Carine, Klomberg, Yannick, Korjus, Henn, Kothandaraman, Subashree, Kraxner, Florian, Kumar, Amit, Kuswandi, Relawan, Lang, Mait, Lawes, Michael J., Leite, Rodrigo V., Lentner, Geoffrey, Lewis, Simon L., Libalah, Moses B., Lisingo, Janvier, López-Serrano, Pablito Marcelo, Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Lykke, Anne Mette, Maicher, Vincent, Maitner, Brian S., Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Martynenko, Olga, Mbayu, Faustin M., Mbuvi, Musingo T. E., Meave, Jorge A., Merow, Cory, Miscicki, Stanislaw, Moreno, Vanessa S., Morera, Albert, Mukul, Sharif A., Müller, Jörg C., Murdjoko, Agustinus, Nava-Miranda, Maria Guadalupe, Ndive, Litonga Elias, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Nforbelie, Louis N., Ngoh, Michael L., N’Guessan, Anny E., Ngugi, Michael R., Ngute, Alain S. K., Njila, Emile Narcisse N., Nyako, Melanie C., Ochuodho, Thomas O., Oleksyn, Jacek, Paquette, Alain, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria T. F., Piotto, Daniel, Pollastrini, Martina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, John R., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro, Saikia, Purabi, Sainge, Moses Nsanyi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Salis, Antonello, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sellan, Giacomo, Selvi, Federico, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Sist, Plinio, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Sullivan, Martin J. P., Sundarapandian, Somaiah, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swaine, Mike D., Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, Trethowan, Liam A., Tropek, Robert, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Umunay, Peter Mbanda, Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Vaglio Laurin, Gaia, Valentini, Riccardo, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Vega-Nieva, Daniel José, Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone A., Vleminckx, Jason, Waite, Catherine E., Wang, Hua-Feng, Wasingya, Eric Katembo, Wekesa, Chemuku, Westerlund, Bertil, Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhu, Jun, Zhu, Xiao, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., and Hui, Cang

Published
2022
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40. Author Correction: Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author

Delavaux, Camille S., Crowther, Thomas W., Zohner, Constantin M., Robmann, Niamh M., Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B., Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J., Crim, Philip M., Cumming, Jonathan R., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J., Eyre, Teresa J., Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro V., Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier G. P., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L., Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T., Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Martynenko, Olga, Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa T. F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Polo, Irina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Pretzsch, Hans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Miscicki, Stanislaw, Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Do, Tran Van, van Nuland, Michael E., Vasquez, Rodolfo M., Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua-Feng, Watson, James V., Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderik, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., and Maynard, Daniel S.

Published
2023
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41. Strategy games to improve environmental policymaking

Author

Garcia, Claude A., Savilaakso, Sini, Verburg, René W., Stoudmann, Natasha, Fernbach, Philip, Sloman, Steven A., Peterson, Garry D., Araújo, Miguel B., Bastin, Jean-François, Blaser, Jürgen, Boutinot, Laurence, Crowther, Thomas W., Dessard, Hélène, Dray, Anne, Francisco, Scott, Ghazoul, Jaboury, Feintrenie, Laurène, Hainzelin, Etienne, Kleinschroth, Fritz, Naimi, Babak, Novotny, Ivan P., Oszwald, Johan, Pietsch, Stephan A., Quétier, Fabien, Robinson, Brian E., Sassen, Marieke, Sist, Plinio, Sunderland, Terry, Vermeulen, Cédric, Wilmé, Lucienne, Wilson, Sarah J., Zorondo-Rodríguez, Francisco, and Waeber, Patrick O.

Published
2022
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42. Scientists’ warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change

Author

Cavicchioli, Ricardo, Ripple, William J, Timmis, Kenneth N, Azam, Farooq, Bakken, Lars R, Baylis, Matthew, Behrenfeld, Michael J, Boetius, Antje, Boyd, Philip W, Classen, Aimée T, Crowther, Thomas W, Danovaro, Roberto, Foreman, Christine M, Huisman, Jef, Hutchins, David A, Jansson, Janet K, Karl, David M, Koskella, Britt, Mark Welch, David B, Martiny, Jennifer BH, Moran, Mary Ann, Orphan, Victoria J, Reay, David S, Remais, Justin V, Rich, Virginia I, Singh, Brajesh K, Stein, Lisa Y, Stewart, Frank J, Sullivan, Matthew B, van Oppen, Madeleine JH, Weaver, Scott C, Webb, Eric A, and Webster, Nicole S

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Climate Action, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Greenhouse Gases, Human Activities, Humans, Microbial Viability, Medical Microbiology
Abstract

In the Anthropocene, in which we now live, climate change is impacting most life on Earth. Microorganisms support the existence of all higher trophic life forms. To understand how humans and other life forms on Earth (including those we are yet to discover) can withstand anthropogenic climate change, it is vital to incorporate knowledge of the microbial 'unseen majority'. We must learn not just how microorganisms affect climate change (including production and consumption of greenhouse gases) but also how they will be affected by climate change and other human activities. This Consensus Statement documents the central role and global importance of microorganisms in climate change biology. It also puts humanity on notice that the impact of climate change will depend heavily on responses of microorganisms, which are essential for achieving an environmentally sustainable future.

Published
2019

43. Forest tree growth is linked to mycorrhizal fungal composition and function across Europe

Author

Anthony, Mark A., Crowther, Thomas W., van der Linde, Sietse, Suz, Laura M., Bidartondo, Martin I., Cox, Filipa, Schaub, Marcus, Rautio, Pasi, Ferretti, Marco, Vesterdal, Lars, De Vos, Bruno, Dettwiler, Mike, Eickenscheidt, Nadine, Schmitz, Andreas, Meesenburg, Henning, Andreae, Henning, Jacob, Frank, Dietrich, Hans-Peter, Waldner, Peter, Gessler, Arthur, Frey, Beat, Schramm, Oliver, van den Bulk, Pim, Hensen, Arjan, and Averill, Colin

Published
2022
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46. Global relationships in tree functional traits

Author

Maynard, Daniel S., Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Zohner, Constantin M., Averill, Colin, van den Hoogen, Johan, Ma, Haozhi, Mo, Lidong, Smith, Gabriel Reuben, Acosta, Alicia T. R., Aubin, Isabelle, Berenguer, Erika, Boonman, Coline C. F., Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Dias, Arildo S., González-Melo, Andrés, Hietz, Peter, Lusk, Christopher H., Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Pillar, Valério D., Pinho, Bruno X., Rosell, Julieta A., Schurr, Frank M., Sheremetev, Serge N., da Silva, Ana Carolina, Sosinski, Ênio, van Bodegom, Peter M., Weiher, Evan, Bönisch, Gerhard, Kattge, Jens, and Crowther, Thomas W.

Published
2022
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47. Resolving the Intricate Effects of Multiple Global Change Drivers on Root Litter Decomposition.

Author

Zhao, Qingzhou, Freschet, Grégoire T., Tao, Tingting, Smith, Gabriel Reuben, Wang, Peng, Hu, Lingyan, Ma, Miaojun, Johnson, David, Crowther, Thomas W., and Hu, Shuijin

Subjects
NUTRIENT cycles, PLANT biomass, MICROBIAL respiration, PLANT nutrients, PLANT roots
Abstract

Plant roots represent about a quarter of global plant biomass and constitute a primary source of soil organic carbon (C). Yet, considerable uncertainty persists regarding root litter decomposition and their responses to global change factors (GCFs). Much of this uncertainty stems from a limited understanding of the multifactorial effects of GCFs and it remains unclear how these effects are mediated by litter quality, soil conditions and microbial functionality. Using complementary field decomposition and laboratory incubation approaches, we assessed the relative controls of GCF‐mediated changes in root litter traits and soil and microbial properties on fine‐root decomposition under warming, nitrogen (N) enrichment, and precipitation alteration. We found that warming and N enrichment accelerated fine‐root decomposition by over 10%, and their combination showed an additive effect, while precipitation reduction suppressed decomposition overall by 12%, with the suppressive effect being most significant under warming‐alone and N enrichment‐alone conditions. Significantly, changes in litter quality played a dominant role and accelerated fine‐root decomposition by 15% ~ 18% under warming and N enrichment, while changes in soil and microbial properties were predominant and reduced decomposition by 7% ~ 10% under precipitation reduction and the combined warming and N enrichment. Examining only the decomposition environment or litter properties in isolation can distort global change effects on root decomposition, underestimating precipitation reduction impacts by 38% and overstating warming and N effects by up to 73%. These findings highlight that the net impact of GCFs on root litter decomposition hinges on the interplay between GCF‐modulated root decomposability and decomposition environment, as well as on the synergistic or antagonistic relationships among GCFs themselves. Our study emphasizes that integrating the legacy effects of multiple GCFs on root traits, soil conditions and microbial functionality would improve our prediction of C and nutrient cycling under interactive global change scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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48. Corrigendum: Internet Blogs, Polar Bears, and Climate-Change Denial by Proxy.

Author

Harvey, Jeffrey A, van den Berg, Daphne, Ellers, Jacintha, Kampen, Remko, Crowther, Thomas W, Roessingh, Peter, Verheggen, Bart, Nuijten, Rascha JM, Post, Eric, Lewandowsky, Stephan, Stirling, Ian, Balgopal, Meena, Amstrup, Steven C, and Mann, Michael E

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix133.].

Published
2018

49. Internet Blogs, Polar Bears, and Climate-Change Denial by Proxy

Author

Harvey, Jeffrey A, van den Berg, Daphne, Ellers, Jacintha, Kampen, Remko, Crowther, Thomas W, Roessingh, Peter, Verheggen, Bart, Nuijten, Rascha JM, Post, Eric, Lewandowsky, Stephan, Stirling, Ian, Balgopal, Meena, Amstrup, Steven C, and Mann, Michael E

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Climate Action, advocacy, communication, contrarian, global warming, skeptic, social media, Ecology, Biological sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

Increasing surface temperatures, Arctic sea-ice loss, and other evidence of anthropogenic global warming (AGW) are acknowledged by every major scientific organization in the world. However, there is a wide gap between this broad scientific consensus and public opinion. Internet blogs have strongly contributed to this consensus gap by fomenting misunderstandings of AGW causes and consequences. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) have become a "poster species" for AGW, making them a target of those denying AGW evidence. Here, focusing on Arctic sea ice and polar bears, we show that blogs that deny or downplay AGW disregard the overwhelming scientific evidence of Arctic sea-ice loss and polar bear vulnerability. By denying the impacts of AGW on polar bears, bloggers aim to cast doubt on other established ecological consequences of AGW, aggravating the consensus gap. To counter misinformation and reduce this gap, scientists should directly engage the public in the media and blogosphere.

Published
2018

50. Detecting macroecological patterns in bacterial communities across independent studies of global soils.

Author

Ramirez, Kelly S, Knight, Christopher G, de Hollander, Mattias, Brearley, Francis Q, Constantinides, Bede, Cotton, Anne, Creer, Si, Crowther, Thomas W, Davison, John, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Elliott, David R, Fox, Graeme, Griffiths, Robert I, Hale, Chris, Hartman, Kyle, Houlden, Ashley, Jones, David L, Krab, Eveline J, Maestre, Fernando T, McGuire, Krista L, Monteux, Sylvain, Orr, Caroline H, van der Putten, Wim H, Roberts, Ian S, Robinson, David A, Rocca, Jennifer D, Rowntree, Jennifer, Schlaeppi, Klaus, Shepherd, Matthew, Singh, Brajesh K, Straathof, Angela L, Bhatnagar, Jennifer M, Thion, Cécile, van der Heijden, Marcel GA, and de Vries, Franciska T

Subjects
Bacteria, DNA, Bacterial, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Soil, Ecology, Soil Microbiology, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Phylogeny, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Microbial Interactions, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Microbiota, Machine Learning
Abstract

The emergence of high-throughput DNA sequencing methods provides unprecedented opportunities to further unravel bacterial biodiversity and its worldwide role from human health to ecosystem functioning. However, despite the abundance of sequencing studies, combining data from multiple individual studies to address macroecological questions of bacterial diversity remains methodically challenging and plagued with biases. Here, using a machine-learning approach that accounts for differences among studies and complex interactions among taxa, we merge 30 independent bacterial data sets comprising 1,998 soil samples from 21 countries. Whereas previous meta-analysis efforts have focused on bacterial diversity measures or abundances of major taxa, we show that disparate amplicon sequence data can be combined at the taxonomy-based level to assess bacterial community structure. We find that rarer taxa are more important for structuring soil communities than abundant taxa, and that these rarer taxa are better predictors of community structure than environmental factors, which are often confounded across studies. We conclude that combining data from independent studies can be used to explore bacterial community dynamics, identify potential 'indicator' taxa with an important role in structuring communities, and propose hypotheses on the factors that shape bacterial biogeography that have been overlooked in the past.

Published
2018

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