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We introduce the strong positive recurrence (SPR) property for diffeomorphisms on closed manifolds with arbitrary dimension, and show that it has many consequences and holds in many cases. SPR diffeomorphisms can be coded by countable state Markov shifts whose transition matrices act with a spectral gap on a large Banach space, and this implies exponential decay of correlations, almost sure invariance principle, large deviations, among other properties of the ergodic measures of maximal entropy. Any $C^\infty$ smooth surface diffeomorphism with positive entropy is SPR, and there are many other examples with lesser regularity, or in higher dimension.

We formulate and prove $\textit{a priori}$ bounds for the renormalization of H\'enon-like maps (under certain regularity assumptions). This provides a certain uniform control on the small-scale geometry of the dynamics, and ensures pre-compactness of the renormalization sequence. In a sequel to this paper, a priori bounds are used in the proof of the main results, including renormalization convergence, finite-time checkability of the required regularity conditions and regular unicriticality of the dynamics., Comment: 47 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2411.08317

We carry out a detailed quantitative analysis on the geometry of invariant manifolds for smooth dissipative systems in dimension two. We begin by quantifying the regularity of any orbit (finite or infinite) in the phase space with a set of explicit inequalities. Then we relate this directly to the quasi-linearization of the local dynamics on regular neighborhoods of this orbit. The parameters of regularity explicitly determine the sizes of the regular neighborhoods and the smooth norms of the corresponding regular charts. As a corollary, we establish the existence of smooth stable and center manifolds with uniformly bounded geometries for regular orbits independently of any pre-existing invariant measure. This provides us with the technical background for the renormalization theory of H\'enon-like maps developed in the sequel papers., Comment: 38 pages, 0 figures

We introduce a class of infinitely renormalizable, unicritical diffeomorphisms of the disk (with a non-degenerate "critical point"). In this class of dynamical systems, we show that under renormalization, maps eventually become H\'enon-like, and then converge super-exponentially fast to the space of one-dimensional unimodal maps. We also completely characterize the local geometry of every stable and center manifolds that exist in these systems. The theory is based upon a quantitative reformulation of the Oseledets-Pesin theory yielding a unicritical structure of the maps in question comprising regular Pesin boxes co-existing with "critical tunnels" and "valuable crescents". In forthcoming notes we will show that infinitely renormalizable perturbative H\'enon-like maps of bounded type belong to our class.

We propose a set of questions on the dynamics of H\'enon maps from the real, complex, algebraic and arithmetic points of view., Comment: 34 pages, 4 figures

We develop a tool in order to analyse the dynamics of differentiable flows with singularities. It provides an abstract model for the local dynamics that can be used in order to control the size of invariant manifolds. This work is the first part of the results announced in [CY2]., Comment: We thought our previous text arXiv:1702.05994 was too long and decided to split it. This one is the first part. We have added comments and improved the presentation

We show that any real number in [0,1) is a diffusion rate for the wind-tree model with rational parameters. We will also provide a criterion in order to describe the shape of the Lyapunov spectrum of cocycles obtained as suspension of a representation. As an application, we exhibit an infinite family of wind-tree billiards for which the interior of the Lyapunov spectrum is a big as possible: this is the full square (0,1)^2. To the best of the knowledge of the authors, these are the first complete descriptions where the interior of the Lyapunov spectrum is known explicitly in dimension two, even for general Fuchsian groups., Comment: 26 pages

We construct symbolic dynamics for three dimensional flows with positive speed. More precisely, for each $\chi>0$, we code a set of full measure for every invariant probability measure which is $\chi$-hyperbolic. These include all ergodic measures with entropy bigger than $\chi$ as well as all hyperbolic periodic orbits of saddle-type with Lyapunov exponent outside of $[-\chi,\chi]$. This contrasts with a previous work of Lima & Sarig which built a coding associated to a given invariant probability measure. As an application, we code homoclinic classes of measures by suspensions of irreducible countable Markov shifts., Comment: 79 pages, 5 figures

Bonatti and da Luz have introduced the class of \emph{multi-singular hyperbolic} vector fields to characterize systems whose periodic orbits and singularities do not bifurcate under perturbation (called star vector fields). In this paper, we study the Sina\"{\i}-Ruelle-Bowen measures for multi-singular hyperbolic vector fields: in a $C^1$ open and $C^1$ dense subset of multi-singular hyperbolic vector fields, each {$C^\infty$} one admits \emph{finitely} many physical measures whose basins cover a \emph{full} Lebesgue measure subset of the manifold. Similar results are also obtained for $C^1$ generic multi-singular hyperbolic vector fields., Comment: To appear at Trans. Amer. Math. Soc

In the sciences in general, the phrase "route to chaos" has come to refer to a metaphor when some physical, biological, economic, or social system transitions from one exhibiting order to one displaying randomness (or chaos). Sometimes the goal is to understand which universal mechanisms explain that transition, and how one can describe systems that operate in a region between order and complete chaos. In other words, the goal is to understand the mathematical processes by which a system evolves from one whose recurrent set is finite towards another one exhibiting chaotic behavior as parameters governing the behavior of the system are varied. This has only been understood for one-dimensional dynamics. The present note exposes new approaches that allow one to move away from those limitations. A tentative global framework toward describing a large class of two-dimensional dynamics, inspired partially by the developments in the one-dimensional theory of interval maps is discussed. More precisely, we present a class of intermediate smooth dynamics between one and higher dimensions. In this setting, it could be possible to develop a similar one-dimensional type approach and in particular to understand the transition from zero entropy to positive entropy.

We prove a generalization of a so called "invariance principle" for partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms: if an invariant probability measure has all its center Lyapunov exponents equal to zero then the measure admits a center disintegration that is invariant by stable and unstable holonomies. This was known for systems admitting a foliation by compact center leaves, and we extend it to a larger class which contains discretized Anosov flows. We use our result to classify measures of maximal entropy and study physical measures for perturbations of the time-one map of Anosov flows.

We study the $u$-Gibbs measures of a certain class of uniformly hyperbolic skew products on $\mathbb{T}^4$. These systems have a strong unstable and a weak unstable directions. We show that $C^r$-dense and $C^2$-open in this set every $u$-Gibbs measure is SRB, in particular, there is only one such measure. As an application of this, we can obtain the minimality of the strong unstable foliation., Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures

Recently, Burguet proved a strong form of Viana's conjecture on physical measures, in the special case of $C^\infty$ surface diffeomorphisms. We give another proof, based on our analysis of entropy and Lyapunov exponents in [BCS].

In the spirit of Kolmogorov typicality, we introduce the notion of germ-typicality: in a space of dynamics, it encompass all these phenomena that occur for a dense and open subset of parameters of any generic parametrized family of systems. For any $2\le r<\infty$, we prove that the Newhouse phenomenon (the coexistence of infinitely many sinks) is locally $C^r$-germ-typical, nearby a dissipative bicycle: a dissipative homoclinic tangency linked to a special heterodimensional cycle. During the proof we show a result of independent interest: the stabilization of some heterodimensional cycles for any regularity class $r\in \{1, \dots, \infty\}\cup \{\omega\}$ by introducing a new renormalization scheme. We also continue the study of the paradynamics done in [Be15,Be17,BCP16] and prove that parablenders appear by unfolding some heterodimensional cycles., Comment: 42 P

We study the entropy and Lyapunov exponents of invariant measures $\mu$ for smooth surface diffeomorphisms $f$, as functions of $(f,\mu)$. The main result is an inequality relating the discontinuities of these functions. One consequence is that for a $C^\infty$ surface diffeomorphisms, on any set of ergodic measures with entropy bounded away from zero, continuity of the entropy implies continuity of the exponents. Another consequence is the upper semi-continuity of the Hausdorff dimension on the set of ergodic invariant measures with entropy bounded away from zero. We also obtain a new criterion for the existence of SRB measures with positive entropy.

We discuss the dynamics of smooth diffeomorphisms of the disc with vanishing topological entropy which satisfy the mild dissipation property introduced in [CP]. In particular it contains the H\'enon maps with Jacobian up to 1/4. We prove that these systems are either (generalized) Morse Smale or infinitely renormalizable. In particular we prove for this class of diffeomorphisms a conjecture of Tresser: any diffeomorphism in the interface between the sets of systems with zero and positive entropy admits doubling cascades. This generalizes for these surface dynamics a well known consequence of Sharkovskii's theorem for interval maps., Comment: This updated version has been accepted for publication in Acta Mathematica

The properties of uniform hyperbolicity and dominated splitting have been introduced to study the stability of the dynamics of diffeomorphisms. One meets difficulties when one tries to extend these definitions to vector fields and Shantao Liao has shown that it is more relevant to consider the linear Poincar\'e flow rather than the tangent flow in order to study the properties of the derivative. In this paper we define the notion of singular domination, an analog of the dominated splitting for the linear Poincar\'e flow which is robust under perturbations. Based on this, we give a new definition of multi-singular hyperbolicity which is equivalent to the one recently introduced by Bonatti-da Luz. The novelty of our definition is that it does not involve the blowup of the singular set and the renormalization cocycle of the linear flows.

Singular hyperbolicity is a weakened form of hyperbolicity that has been introduced for vector fields in order to allow non-isolated singularities inside the non-wandering set. A typical example of a singular hyperbolic set is the Lorenz attractor. However, in contrast to uniform hyperbolicity, singular hyperbolicity does not immediately imply robust topological properties, such as the transitivity. In this paper, we prove that open and densely inside the space of $C^1$ vector fields of a compact manifold, any singular hyperbolic attractors is robustly transitive.

We obtain a dichotomy for $C^1$-generic symplectomorphisms: either all the Lyapunov exponents of almost every point vanish, or the map is partially hyperbolic and ergodic with respect to volume. This completes a program first put forth by Ricardo Ma\~n\'e. A main ingredient in our proof is a generalization to partially hyperbolic invariant sets of the main result in [Dolgopyat-Wilkinson] that stable accessibility is $C^1$ dense among partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms.

In this paper, we study the limit measures of the empirical measures of Lebesgue almost every point in the basin of a partially hyperbolic attractor. They are strongly related to a notion named Gibbs u-state, which can be defined in a large class of diffeomorphisms with less regularity and which is the same as Pesin-Sinai's notion for partially hyperbolic attractors of $C^{1+\alpha}$ diffeomorphisms. In particular, we prove that for partially hyperbolic $C^{1+\alpha}$ diffeomorphisms with one-dimensional center, and for Lebesgue almost every point: (1) the center Lyapunov exponent is well defined, but (2) the sequence of empirical measures may not converge. We also give some consequences on SRB measures and large deviations., Comment: References updated

We show that $C^\infty$ surface diffeomorphisms with positive topological entropy have at most finitely many ergodic measures of maximal entropy in general, and at most one in the topologically transitive case. This answers a question of Newhouse, who proved that such measures always exist. To do this we generalize Smale's spectral decomposition theorem to non-uniformly hyperbolic surface diffeomorphisms, we introduce homoclinic classes of measures, and we study their properties using codings by irreducible countable state Markov shifts.

We give a new proof and extend a result of J. Kwapisz: whenever a set C is realized as the rotation set of some torus homeomorphism, the image of C under certain projective transformations is also realized as a rotations set.

We prove that the set of diffeomorphisms having at most finitely many attractors contains a dense and open subset of the space of $C^1$ partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms with one-dimensional center. This is obtained thanks to a robust geometric property of partially hyperbolic laminations that we show to hold after perturbations of the dynamics. This technique also allows to prove that $C^1$-generic diffeomorphisms far from homoclinic tangencies in dimension $3$ either have at most finitely many attractors, or satisfy Newhouse phenomenon., Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures. Some corrections in section 5 thanks to comments of D.Yang and J. Zhang. To appear in Ann. Sci. ENS

We prove that any vector field on a three-dimensional compact manifold can be approximated in the C1-topology by one which is singular hyperbolic or by one which exhibits a homoclinic tangency associated to a regular hyperbolic periodic orbit. This answers a conjecture by Palis. During the proof we obtain several other results with independent interest: a compactification of the rescaled sectional Poincar\'e flow and a generalization of Ma\~n\'e-Pujals-Sambarino theorem for three-dimensional C2 vector fields with singularities.

A number of techniques have been developed to perturb the dynamics of $C^1$-diffeomorphisms and to modify the properties of their periodic orbits. For instance, one can locally linearize the dynamics, change the tangent dynamics, or create local homoclinic orbits. These techniques have been crucial for the understanding of $C^1$ dynamics, but their most precise forms have mostly been shown in the dissipative setting. This work extends these results to volume-preserving and especially symplectic systems. These tools underlie our study of the entropy of $C^1$-diffeomorphisms in (arxiv:1606.01765). We also give an application to the approximation of transitive invariant sets without genericity assumptions., Comment: 31 pages, companion to the paper Entropy of C1 diffeomorphisms without a dominated splitting (arxiv:1606.01765)

We consider a self-homeomorphism h of some surface S. A subset F of the fixed point set of h is said to be unlinked if there is an isotopy from the identity to h that fixes every point of F. With Le Calvez' transverse foliations theory in mind, we prove the existence of unlinked sets that are maximal with respect to inclusion. As a byproduct, we prove the arcwise connectedness of the space of homeomorphisms of the two dimensional sphere that preserves the orientation and pointwise fix some given closed connected set F., Comment: 19 figures included

We introduce a class of volume-contracting surface diffeomorphisms whose dynamics is intermediate between one-dimensional dynamics and general surface dynamics. For that type of systems one can associate to the dynamics a reduced one-dimensional model and it is proved a type of $C^\infty-$closing lemma on the support of every ergodic measure. We also show that this class contains H\'enon maps with Jacobian in $(-1/4,1/4)$.

What is a blender? In six illustrated pages we define the construction of a blender and the role it plays in the study of smooth dynamical systems., Comment: To appear in Notices of the AMS

A classical construction due to Newhouse creates horseshoes from hyperbolic periodic orbits with large period and weak domination through local $C^1$-perturbations. Our main theorem shows that, when one works in the $C^1$ topology, the entropy of such horseshoes can be made arbitrarily close to an upper bound deriving from Ruelle's inequality, i.e., the sum of the positive Lyapunov exponents (or the same for the inverse diffeomorphism, whichever is smaller). Adapting classical techniques, we use perturbations that are local and can be chosen to preserve volume or symplectic form or a homoclinic connection. This optimal entropy creation yields a number of consequences for $C^1$-generic diffeomorphisms, especially in the absence of a dominated splitting. For instance, in the conservative settings, we find formulas for the topological entropy, deduce that the topological entropy is continuous but not locally constant at the generic diffeomorphism and we prove that these generic diffeomorphisms have no measure of maximum entropy. In the dissipative setting, we show the locally generic existence of infinitely many homoclinic classes with entropy bounded away from zero., Comment: 56 pages, 2 figures. Proofs of the local perturbative tools to appear in a separate paper. Accepted by Trans. AMS. This is a revised version with corrected proof of Theorem 7.6

We recast the notion of parablender introduced in [Berger2015] as a parametric IFS. This is done using the concept of open covering property and looking to parametric IFS as systems acting on jets.

We give conditions that characterize the existence of an absolutely continuous invariant probability measure for a degree one $C^2$ endomorphism of the circle which is bimodal, such that all its periodic orbits are repelling, and such that both boundaries of its rotation interval are irrational numbers. Those conditions are satisfied when the boundary points of the rotation interval belong to a Diophantine class. In particular they hold for Lebesgue almost every rotation interval. The measure obtained is a global physical measure, and it is hyperbolic., Comment: 37 pages, 5 figures. Comments are welcome

We build an irrational pseudo-rotation of the 2-torus which is semiconjugate to an irrational rotation of the circle in such a way that all the fibres of the semi-conjugacy are pseudo-circles. The proof uses the well-known `fast-approximation method' introduced by Anosov and Katok.

We prove that, for $C^1$-generic diffeomorphisms, if a homoclinic class is not hyperbolic, then there is a non-hyperbolic ergodic measure supported on it. This proves a conjecture by D\'iaz and Gorodetski [28]. We also discuss the conjectured existence of periodic points with different stable dimension in the class.

We obtain a dichotomy for $C^1$-generic, volume-preserving diffeomorphisms: either all the Lyapunov exponents of almost every point vanish or the volume is ergodic and non-uniformly Anosov (i.e. nonuniformly hyperbolic and the splitting into stable and unstable spaces is dominated). This completes a program first put forth by Ricardo Ma\~n\'e., Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures. The original arXiv submission has been split into two parts, this new version corresponds to the first part. The second part will be available as "$C^1$ density of stable ergodicity", arXiv:1709.04983

We are interested in finding a dense part of the space of $C^1$-diffeomorphisms which decomposes into open subsets corresponding to different dynamical behaviors: we discuss results and questions in this direction. In particular we present recent results towards a conjecture by J. Palis: any system can be approximated either by one which is hyperbolic (and whose dynamics is well understood) or by one which exhibits a homoclinic bifurcation (a simple local configuration involving one or two periodic orbits).

In this note we announce a result for vector fields on three-dimensional manifolds: those who are singular hyperbolic or exhibit a homoclinic tangency form a dense subset of the space of $C^1$-vector fields. This answers a conjecture by Palis. The argument uses an extension for local fibered flows of Ma\~n\'e and Pujals-Sambarino's theorems about the uniform contraction of one-dimensional dominated bundles. Sur la densit\'e de l'hyperbolicit\'e singuli\`ere pour les champs de vecteurs en dimension trois : une conjecture de Palis Dans cette note, nous annon\c{c}ons un r\'esultat portant sur les champs de vecteurs des vari\'et\'es de dimension $3$ : ceux qui v\'erifient l'hyperbolicit\'e singuli\`ere ou qui poss\`edent une tangence homocline forment un sous-ensemble dense de l'espace des champs de vecteurs $C^1$. Ceci r\'epond \`a une conjecture de Palis. La d\'emonstration utilise une g\'en\'eralisation pour les flots fibr\'es locaux des th\'eor\`emes de Ma\~n\'e et Pujals-Sambarino traitant de la contraction uniforme de fibr\'es unidimensionnels domin\'es.

We consider compact sets which are invariant and partially hyperbolic under the dynamics of a diffeomorphism of a manifold. We prove that such a set K is contained in a locally invariant center submanifold if and only if each strong stable and strong unstable leaf intersects K at exactly one point.

We show that for every compact 3-manifold $M$ there exists an open subset of $\diff ^1(M)$ in which every generic diffeomorphism admits uncountably many ergodic probability measures which are hyperbolic while their supports are disjoint and admit a basis of attracting neighborhoods and a basis of repelling neighborhoods. As a consequence, the points in the support of these measures have no stable and no unstable manifolds. This contrasts with the higher regularity case, where Pesin theory gives us the stable and the unstable manifolds with complementary dimensions at almost every point. We also give such an example in dimension two, without local genericity.

One main task of smooth dynamical systems consists in finding a good decomposition into elementary pieces of the dynamics. This paper contributes to the study of chain-recurrence classes. It is known that $C^1$-generically, each chain-recurrence class containing a periodic orbit is equal to the homoclinic class of this orbit. Our result implies that in general this property is fragile. We build a C1-open set U of tame diffeomorphisms (their dynamics only splits into finitely many chain-recurrence classes) such that for any diffeomorphism in a C-infinity-dense subset of U, one of the chain-recurrence classes is not transitive (and has an isolated point). Moreover, these dynamics are obtained among partially hyperbolic systems with one-dimensional center. R\'esum\'e : Dynamique mod\'er\'ee et transitivit\'e robuste. L'un des buts des syst\`emes dynamiques consiste \`a trouver une bonne d\'ecomposition de la dynamique en pi\`eces \'el\'ementaires. Cet article contribue \`a l'\'etude des classes de r\'ecurrence par cha\^ines. On sait que C1-g\'en\'eriquement, chaque classe de r\'ecurrence par cha\^ines contenant une orbite p\'eriodique coincide avec la classe homocline de cette orbite. Notre r\'esultat montre que cette propri\'et\'e est en g\'en\'erale fragile. Nous construisons un ouvert U de diff\'eomorphismes mod\'er\'es (leur dynamique ne se d\'ecompose qu'en un nombre fini de classes de r\'ecurrence par cha\^ines) tel que pour tout diff\'eomorphisme appartenant \`a un sous-ensemble C-infini-dense de U, une des classes de r\'ecurrence par cha\^ines n'est pas transitive (elle a un point isol\'e). De plus, ces dynamiques sont obtenues comme syst\`emes partiellement hyperboliques avec une direction centrale uni-dimensionnelle.

We prove that, on connected compact manifolds, both C1-generic conservative diffeomorphisms and C1-generic transitive diffeomorphisms are topologically mixing. This is obtained through a description of the periods of a homoclinic class and by a control of the period of the periodic points given by the closing lemma.

We show that any diffeomorphism of a compact manifold can be C1 approximated by diffeomorphisms exhibiting a homoclinic tangency or by diffeomorphisms having a partial hyperbolic structure.

In the first part of this text we give a survey of the properties satisfied by the C1-generic conservative diffeomorphisms of compact surfaces. The main result that we will discuss is that a C1-generic conservative diffeomorphism of a connected compact surface is transitive. It is obtain as a consequence of a connecting lemma for pseudo-orbits. In the last parts we expose some recent developments of the C1-perturbation technics and the proof of this connecting lemma. We are not aimed to deal with technicalities nor to give the finest available versions of these results. Besides this theory exists also in higher dimension and in the non-conservative setting, we restricted the scope of this presentation to the conservative case on surfaces, since it offers some simplifications which allow to explain in an easier way the main ideas of the subject.

We prove that any diffeomorphism of a compact manifold can be approximated in topology C1 by another diffeomorphism exhibiting a homoclinic bifurcation (a homoclinic tangency or a heterodimensional cycle) or by one which is essentially hyperbolic (it has a finite number of transitive hyperbolic attractors with open and dense basin of attraction).

Les travaux pr\'esent\'es dans ce m\'emoire portent sur la dynamique de diff\'eomorphismes de vari\'et\'es compactes. Pour l'\'etude des propri\'et\'es g\'en\'eriques ou pour la construction d'exemples, il est souvent utile de savoir perturber un syst\`eme. Ceci soul\`eve g\'en\'eralement des probl\`emes d\'elicats : une modification locale de la dynamique peut engendrer un changement brutal du comportement des orbites. En topologie C^1, nous proposons diverses techniques permettant de perturber tout en contr\^olant la dynamique : mise en transversalit\'e, connexion d'orbites, perturbation de la dynamique tangente, r\'ealisation d'extensions... Nous en tirons diverses applications \`a la description de la dynamique des diff\'eomorphismes C^1-g\'en\'eriques. This memoir deals with the dynamics of diffeomorphisms of compact manifolds. For the study of generic properties or for the construction of examples, it is often useful to be able to perturb a system. This generally leads to delicate problems: a local modification of the dynamic may cause a radical change in the behavior of the orbits. For the C^1 topology, we propose various techniques which allow to perturb while controlling the dynamic: setting in transversal position, connection of orbits, perturbation of the tangent dynamics,... We derive various applications to the description of the C^1-generic diffeomorphisms.

We prove that any diffeomorphism of a compact manifold can be C^1-approximated by a diffeomorphism which exhibits a homoclinic bifurcation (a homoclinic tangency or a heterodimensional cycle) or by a diffeomorphism which is partially hyperbolic (its chain-recurrent set splits into partially hyperbolic pieces whose centre bundles have dimensions less or equal to two). We also study in a more systematic way the central models introduced in arXiv:math/0605387.