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1. Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution

Author

Justice, Anne E, Karaderi, Tugce, Highland, Heather M, Young, Kristin L, Graff, Mariaelisa, Lu, Yingchang, Turcot, Valérie, Auer, Paul L, Fine, Rebecca S, Guo, Xiuqing, Schurmann, Claudia, Lempradl, Adelheid, Marouli, Eirini, Mahajan, Anubha, Winkler, Thomas W, Locke, Adam E, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Esko, Tõnu, Vedantam, Sailaja, Giri, Ayush, Lo, Ken Sin, Alfred, Tamuno, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie CY, Heard-Costa, Nancy L, Feitosa, Mary F, Manning, Alisa K, Willems, Sara M, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Abecasis, Goncalo, Alam, Dewan S, Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Arzumanyan, Zorayr, Balkau, Beverley, Bastarache, Lisa, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F, Blüher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bottinger, Erwin P, Bowden, Donald W, Brandslund, Ivan, Broer, Linda, Burt, Amber A, Butterworth, Adam S, Caulfield, Mark J, Cesana, Giancarlo, Chambers, John C, Chasman, Daniel I, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y, Collins, Francis S, Cook, James P, Cox, Amanda J, Crosslin, David S, Danesh, John, de Bakker, Paul IW, Denus, Simon de, Mutsert, Renée de, Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W, Dennis, Joe G, Denny, Josh C, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Dörr, Marcus, Drenos, Fotios, Dubé, Marie-Pierre, Dunning, Alison M, Easton, Douglas F, Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelos, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C, Fornage, Myriam, Fox, Caroline S, Franks, Paul W, Friedrich, Nele, Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Girotto, Giorgia, Gorski, Mathias, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niels, Grove, Megan L, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeff, Hansen, Torben, and Hattersley, Andrew T

Subjects
Clinical Research, Obesity, Genetics, Nutrition, Prevention, Biotechnology, Human Genome, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and endocrine, Cardiovascular, Animals, Body Fat Distribution, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Drosophila, Exome, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Homeostasis, Humans, Lipids, Male, Proteins, Risk Factors, Waist-Hip Ratio, CHD Exome+ Consortium, Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium, EPIC-CVD Consortium, ExomeBP Consortium, Global Lipids Genetic Consortium, GoT2D Genes Consortium, InterAct, ReproGen Consortium, T2D-Genes Consortium, MAGIC Investigators, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Body-fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body-fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF ≥5%) and nine low-frequency or rare (MAF

Published
2019

2. Publisher Correction: Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity.

Author

Turcot, Valérie, Lu, Yingchang, Highland, Heather M, Schurmann, Claudia, Justice, Anne E, Fine, Rebecca S, Bradfield, Jonathan P, Esko, Tõnu, Giri, Ayush, Graff, Mariaelisa, Guo, Xiuqing, Hendricks, Audrey E, Karaderi, Tugce, Lempradl, Adelheid, Locke, Adam E, Mahajan, Anubha, Marouli, Eirini, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Young, Kristin L, Alfred, Tamuno, Feitosa, Mary F, Masca, Nicholas GD, Manning, Alisa K, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie CY, Reiner, Alex P, Vedantam, Sailaja, Willems, Sara M, Winkler, Thomas W, Abecasis, Gonçalo, Aben, Katja K, Alam, Dewan S, Alharthi, Sameer E, Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Asselbergs, Folkert W, Auer, Paul L, Balkau, Beverley, Bang, Lia E, Barroso, Inês, Bastarache, Lisa, Benn, Marianne, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F, Blüher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bots, Michiel L, Bottinger, Erwin P, Bowden, Donald W, Brandslund, Ivan, Breen, Gerome, Brilliant, Murray H, Broer, Linda, Brumat, Marco, Burt, Amber A, Butterworth, Adam S, Campbell, Peter T, Cappellani, Stefania, Carey, David J, Catamo, Eulalia, Caulfield, Mark J, Chambers, John C, Chasman, Daniel I, Chen, Yii-Der I, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y, Cocca, Massimiliano, Collins, Francis S, Cook, James P, Corley, Janie, Corominas Galbany, Jordi, Cox, Amanda J, Crosslin, David S, Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, D'Eustacchio, Angela, Danesh, John, Davies, Gail, Bakker, Paul IW, Groot, Mark CH, Mutsert, Renée, Deary, Ian J, Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W, Heijer, Martin, Hollander, Anneke I, Ruijter, Hester M, Dennis, Joe G, Denny, Josh C, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Drenos, Fotios, Du, Mengmeng, Dubé, Marie-Pierre, Dunning, Alison M, and Easton, Douglas F

Subjects
CHD Exome+ Consortium, EPIC-CVD Consortium, ExomeBP Consortium, Global Lipids Genetic Consortium, GoT2D Genes Consortium, EPIC InterAct Consortium, INTERVAL Study, ReproGen Consortium, T2D-Genes Consortium, MAGIC Investigators, Understanding Society Scientific Group, Nutrition, Obesity, Developmental Biology, Medical and Health Sciences, Biological Sciences
Abstract

In the version of this article originally published, one of the two authors with the name Wei Zhao was omitted from the author list and the affiliations for both authors were assigned to the single Wei Zhao in the author list. In addition, the ORCID for Wei Zhao (Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA) was incorrectly assigned to author Wei Zhou. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Published
2018

3. Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity

Author

Turcot, Valérie, Lu, Yingchang, Highland, Heather M, Schurmann, Claudia, Justice, Anne E, Fine, Rebecca S, Bradfield, Jonathan P, Esko, Tõnu, Giri, Ayush, Graff, Mariaelisa, Guo, Xiuqing, Hendricks, Audrey E, Karaderi, Tugce, Lempradl, Adelheid, Locke, Adam E, Mahajan, Anubha, Marouli, Eirini, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Young, Kristin L, Alfred, Tamuno, Feitosa, Mary F, Masca, Nicholas GD, Manning, Alisa K, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie CY, Reiner, Alex P, Vedantam, Sailaja, Willems, Sara M, Winkler, Thomas W, Abecasis, Gonçalo, Aben, Katja K, Alam, Dewan S, Alharthi, Sameer E, Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Asselbergs, Folkert W, Auer, Paul L, Balkau, Beverley, Bang, Lia E, Barroso, Inês, Bastarache, Lisa, Benn, Marianne, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F, Blüher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bots, Michiel L, Bottinger, Erwin P, Bowden, Donald W, Brandslund, Ivan, Breen, Gerome, Brilliant, Murray H, Broer, Linda, Brumat, Marco, Burt, Amber A, Butterworth, Adam S, Campbell, Peter T, Cappellani, Stefania, Carey, David J, Catamo, Eulalia, Caulfield, Mark J, Chambers, John C, Chasman, Daniel I, Chen, Yii-Der I, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y, Cocca, Massimiliano, Collins, Francis S, Cook, James P, Corley, Janie, Corominas Galbany, Jordi, Cox, Amanda J, Crosslin, David S, Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, D’Eustacchio, Angela, Danesh, John, Davies, Gail, Bakker, Paul IW, Groot, Mark CH, Mutsert, Renée, Deary, Ian J, Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W, Heijer, Martin, Hollander, Anneke I, Ruijter, Hester M, Dennis, Joe G, Denny, Josh C, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Drenos, Fotios, Du, Mengmeng, Dubé, Marie-Pierre, Dunning, Alison M, and Easton, Douglas F

Subjects
Genetics, Biotechnology, Nutrition, Obesity, Human Genome, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Cancer, Stroke, Metabolic and endocrine, Cardiovascular, Oral and gastrointestinal, Adult, Animals, Body Mass Index, Drosophila, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetic Variation, Humans, Male, Proteins, Syndrome, CHD Exome+ Consortium, EPIC-CVD Consortium, ExomeBP Consortium, Global Lipids Genetic Consortium, GoT2D Genes Consortium, EPIC InterAct Consortium, INTERVAL Study, ReproGen Consortium, T2D-Genes Consortium, MAGIC Investigators, Understanding Society Scientific Group, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >250 loci for body mass index (BMI), implicating pathways related to neuronal biology. Most GWAS loci represent clusters of common, noncoding variants from which pinpointing causal genes remains challenging. Here we combined data from 718,734 individuals to discover rare and low-frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%) coding variants associated with BMI. We identified 14 coding variants in 13 genes, of which 8 variants were in genes (ZBTB7B, ACHE, RAPGEF3, RAB21, ZFHX3, ENTPD6, ZFR2 and ZNF169) newly implicated in human obesity, 2 variants were in genes (MC4R and KSR2) previously observed to be mutated in extreme obesity and 2 variants were in GIPR. The effect sizes of rare variants are ~10 times larger than those of common variants, with the largest effect observed in carriers of an MC4R mutation introducing a stop codon (p.Tyr35Ter, MAF = 0.01%), who weighed ~7 kg more than non-carriers. Pathway analyses based on the variants associated with BMI confirm enrichment of neuronal genes and provide new evidence for adipocyte and energy expenditure biology, widening the potential of genetically supported therapeutic targets in obesity.

Published
2018

4. Publisher Correction: Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity

Author

Turcot, Valérie, Lu, Yingchang, Highland, Heather M., Schurmann, Claudia, Justice, Anne E., Fine, Rebecca S., Bradfield, Jonathan P., Esko, Tõnu, Giri, Ayush, Graff, Mariaelisa, Guo, Xiuqing, Hendricks, Audrey E., Karaderi, Tugce, Lempradl, Adelheid, Locke, Adam E., Mahajan, Anubha, Marouli, Eirini, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Young, Kristin L., Alfred, Tamuno, Feitosa, Mary F., Masca, Nicholas G. D., Manning, Alisa K., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Reiner, Alex P., Vedantam, Sailaja, Willems, Sara M., Winkler, Thomas W., Abecasis, Gonçalo, Aben, Katja K., Alam, Dewan S., Alharthi, Sameer E., Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Asselbergs, Folkert W., Auer, Paul L., Balkau, Beverley, Bang, Lia E., Barroso, Inês, Bastarache, Lisa, Benn, Marianne, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F., Blüher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bots, Michiel L., Bottinger, Erwin P., Bowden, Donald W., Brandslund, Ivan, Breen, Gerome, Brilliant, Murray H., Broer, Linda, Brumat, Marco, Burt, Amber A., Butterworth, Adam S., Campbell, Peter T., Cappellani, Stefania, Carey, David J., Catamo, Eulalia, Caulfield, Mark J., Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Chen, Yii-Der I., Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y., Cocca, Massimiliano, Collins, Francis S., Cook, James P., Corley, Janie, Galbany, Jordi Corominas, Cox, Amanda J., Crosslin, David S., Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, D’Eustacchio, Angela, Danesh, John, Davies, Gail, Bakker, Paul I. W., Groot, Mark C. H., Mutsert, Renée, Deary, Ian J., Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W., Heijer, Martin, Hollander, Anneke I., Ruijter, Hester M., Dennis, Joe G., Denny, Josh C., Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Drenos, Fotios, Du, Mengmeng, Dubé, Marie-Pierre, Dunning, Alison M., Easton, Douglas F., Edwards, Todd L., Ellinghaus, David, Ellinor, Patrick T., Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelos, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Farooqi, I. Sadaf, Faul, Jessica D., Fauser, Sascha, Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C., Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franco, Oscar H., Franke, Andre, Franks, Paul W., Friedrich, Nele, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Galesloot, Tessel E., Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Gibson, Jane, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Gjesing, Anette P., Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gorski, Mathias, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grant, Struan F. A., Grarup, Niels, Griffiths, Helen L., Grove, Megan L., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeff, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hammerschlag, Anke R., Hansen, Torben, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Harris, Tamara B., Hattersley, Andrew T., Have, Christian T., Hayward, Caroline, He, Liang, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Heath, Andrew C., Heid, Iris M., Helgeland, Øyvind, Hernesniemi, Jussi, Hewitt, Alex W., Holmen, Oddgeir L., Hovingh, G. Kees, Howson, Joanna M. M., Hu, Yao, Huang, Paul L., Huffman, Jennifer E., Ikram, M. Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jackson, Anne U., Jansson, Jan-Håkan, Jarvik, Gail P., Jensen, Gorm B., Jia, Yucheng, Johansson, Stefan, Jørgensen, Marit E., Jørgensen, Torben, Jukema, J. Wouter, Kahali, Bratati, Kahn, René S., Kähönen, Mika, Kamstrup, Pia R., Kanoni, Stavroula, Kaprio, Jaakko, Karaleftheri, Maria, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Karpe, Fredrik, Kathiresan, Sekar, Kee, Frank, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Kim, Eric, Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kooner, Jaspal S., Kooperberg, Charles, Korhonen, Tellervo, Kovacs, Peter, Kuivaniemi, Helena, Kutalik, Zoltán, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Lamparter, David, Lange, Ethan M., Lange, Leslie A., Langenberg, Claudia, Larson, Eric B., Lee, Nanette R., Lehtimäki, Terho, Lewis, Cora E., Li, Huaixing, Li, Jin, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Lin, Honghuang, Lin, Keng-Hung, Lin, Li-An, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Dajiang J., Liu, Yongmei, Lo, Ken S., Lophatananon, Artitaya, Lotery, Andrew J., Loukola, Anu, Luan, Jian’an, Lubitz, Steven A., Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Männistö, Satu, Marenne, Gaëlle, Mazul, Angela L., McCarthy, Mark I., McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Medland, Sarah E., Meidtner, Karina, Milani, Lili, Mistry, Vanisha, Mitchell, Paul, Mohlke, Karen L., Moilanen, Leena, Moitry, Marie, Montgomery, Grant W., Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Moore, Carmel, Mori, Trevor A., Morris, Andrew D., Morris, Andrew P., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B., Nalls, Mike A., Narisu, Narisu, Nelson, Christopher P., Neville, Matt, Nielsen, Sune F., Nikus, Kjell, Njølstad, Pål R., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Nyholt, Dale R., O’Connel, Jeffrey R., O’Donoghue, Michelle L., Loohuis, Loes M. Olde, Ophoff, Roel A., Owen, Katharine R., Packard, Chris J., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Colin N. A., Palmer, Nicholette D., Pasterkamp, Gerard, Patel, Aniruddh P., Pattie, Alison, Pedersen, Oluf, Peissig, Peggy L., Peloso, Gina M., Pennell, Craig E., Perola, Markus, Perry, James A., Perry, John R. B., Pers, Tune H., Person, Thomas N., Peters, Annette, Petersen, Eva R. B., Peyser, Patricia A., Pirie, Ailith, Polasek, Ozren, Polderman, Tinca J., Puolijoki, Hannu, Raitakari, Olli T., Rasheed, Asif, Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F., Renström, Frida, Rheinberger, Myriam, Ridker, Paul M., Rioux, John D., Rivas, Manuel A., Roberts, David J., Robertson, Neil R., Robino, Antonietta, Rolandsson, Olov, Rudan, Igor, Ruth, Katherine S., Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J., Sapkota, Yadav, Sattar, Naveed, Schoen, Robert E., Schreiner, Pamela J., Schulze, Matthias B., Scott, Robert A., Segura-Lepe, Marcelo P., Shah, Svati H., Sheu, Wayne H.-H., Sim, Xueling, Slater, Andrew J., Small, Kerrin S., Smith, Albert V., Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D., Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Starr, John M., Stefansson, Kari, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M., Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Surendran, Praveen, Swift, Amy J., Tada, Hayato, Tansey, Katherine E., Tardif, Jean-Claude, Taylor, Kent D., Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Deborah J., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thuesen, Betina H., Tönjes, Anke, Tromp, Gerard, Trompet, Stella, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Tyrer, Jonathan P., Uher, Rudolf, Uitterlinden, André G., Uusitupa, Matti, Laan, Sander W., Duijn, Cornelia M., Leeuwen, Nienke, van Setten, Jessica, Vanhala, Mauno, Varbo, Anette, Varga, Tibor V., Varma, Rohit, Edwards, Digna R. Velez, Vermeulen, Sita H., Veronesi, Giovanni, Vestergaard, Henrik, Vitart, Veronique, Vogt, Thomas F., Völker, Uwe, Vuckovic, Dragana, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Walker, Mark, Wallentin, Lars, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Carol A., Wang, Shuai, Wang, Yiqin, Ware, Erin B., Wareham, Nicholas J., Warren, Helen R., Waterworth, Dawn M., Wessel, Jennifer, White, Harvey D., Willer, Cristen J., Wilson, James G., Witte, Daniel R., Wood, Andrew R., Wu, Ying, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Yao, Jie, Yao, Pang, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M., Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zhao, Wei, Zhou, Wei, Zondervan, Krina T, CHD Exome+ Consortium, EPIC-CVD Consortium, ExomeBP Consortium, Global Lipids Genetic Consortium, GoT2D Genes Consortium, EPIC InterAct Consortium, INTERVAL Study, ReproGen Consortium, T2D-Genes Consortium, The MAGIC Investigators, Understanding Society Scientific Group, Rotter, Jerome I., Pospisilik, John A., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Panos, Frayling, Timothy M., Lettre, Guillaume, North, Kari E., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Hirschhorn, Joel N., and Loos, Ruth J. F.

Published
2019
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5. Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution

Author

Justice, Anne E., Karaderi, Tugce, Highland, Heather M., Young, Kristin L., Graff, Mariaelisa, Lu, Yingchang, Turcot, Valerie, Auer, Paul L., Fine, Rebecca S., Guo, Xiuqing, Schurmann, Claudia, Lempradl, Adelheid, Marouli, Eirini, Mahajan, Anubha, Winkler, Thomas W., Locke, Adam E., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Esko, Tonu, Vedantam, Sailaja, Giri, Ayush, Lo, Ken Sin, Alfred, Tamuno, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Feitosa, Mary F., Manning, Alisa K., Willems, Sara M., Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Abecasis, Goncalo, Alam, Dewan S., Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Arzumanyanm, Zorayr, Balkau, Beverley, Bastarache, Lisa, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F., Blueher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Boeger, Carsten A., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bottinger, Erwin P., Bowden, Donald W., Brandslund, Ivan, Broer, Linda, Burt, Amber A., Butterworth, Adam S., Caulfield, Markj, Cesana, Giancarlo, Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel, I, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audreyy, Collins, Francis S., Cook, James P., Cox, Amanda J., Crosslin, David S., Danesh, John, de Bakker, Paul I. W., de Denus, Simon, de Mutsert, Renee, Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W., Dennis, Joe G., Denny, Josh C., Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Doerr, Marcus, Drenos, Fotios, Dube, Marie-Pierre, Dunning, Alison M., Easton, Douglas F., Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelos, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C., Fornage, Myriam, Fox, Caroline S., Franks, Paul W., Friedrich, Nele, Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Girotto, Giorgia, Gorski, Mathias, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niels, Groves, Megan L., Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeff, Hansen, Torben, Hattersley, Andrew T., Hayward, Caroline, Heid, Iris M., Holmen, Oddgeir L., Hovingh, G. Kees, Howson, Joanna M. M., Hu, Yao, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hveem, Kristian, Ikram, M. Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jackson, Anne U., Jarvik, Gail P., Jia, Yucheng, Jorgensen, Torben, Jousilahti, Pekka, Justesen, Johanne M., Kahali, Bratati, Karaleftheri, Maria, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Karpe, Fredrik, Kee, Frank, Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kooner, Jaspal S., Kovacs, Peter, Kraemer, Bernhard K., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Lamparter, David, La Nge, Leslie A., Langenberg, Claudia, Larson, Eric B., Lee, Nanette R., Lee, Wen-Jane, Lehtimaeki, Terho, Lewis, Cora E., Li, Huaixing, Li, Jin, RuifangLi-Gao, Lin, Li-An, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindstroem, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Dajiang J., Luan, Jian'an, Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka, MacGregor, Stuart, Magi, Reedik, Mannisto, Satu, Marenne, Gaelle, Marten, Jonathan, Mascal, Nicholas G. D., McCarthy, Mark, I, Meidtner, Karina, Mihailov, Evelin, Moilanen, Leena, Moitry, Marie, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Morgan, Anna, Morris, Andrew P., Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B., Narisu, Narisu, Nelson, Christopher P., Neville, Matt, Ntalla, Ioanna, Owen, Katharine R., Pedersen, Oluf, Peloso, Gina M., Pennell, Craig E., Perola, Markus, James, A., Perry, John R. B., Pers, Tune H., Ewing, Ailith, Polasek, Ozren, Rasheed, Asif, Raulerson, Chelsea K., Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F., Reiner, Alex P., Ridker, Paul M., Rivas, Manuel A., Robertson, Neil R., Robino, Antonietta, Rudan, Igor, Ruth, Katherine S., Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J., Schreiner, Pamela J., Schulze, Matthias B., Scott, Robert A., Segura-Lepe, Marcelo, Sim, Xueling, Slater, Andrew J., Small, Kerrin S., Smith, Blair H., Smith, Jennifer A., Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D., Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Stefansson, Kari, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M., Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Surendran, Praveen, Swart, Karin M. A., Tardif, Jean-Claude, Taylor, Kent D., Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Deborah J., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thuesen, Betina H., Toenjes, Anke, Torres, Mina, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Uusitupa, Matti, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Vanhala, Mauno, Varma, Rohit, Vermeulen, Sita H., Vestergaard, Henrik, Vitart, Veronique, Vogt, Thomas F., Vuckovic, Dragana, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Walker, Mark, Wallentin, Lars, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Carol A., Wang, Shuai, Wareham, N. Icholas J., Warren, Helen R., Waterworth, Dawn M., Wessel, Jennifer, White, Harvey D., Willer, Cristen J., Wilson, James G., Wood, Andrew R., Wu, Ying, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Yao, Jie, Verges-Armstrong, Laura M., Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zheng, He, Zhou, Wei, Zillikens, M. Carola, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Borecki, Ingrid B., Pospisilik, J. Andrew, Deloukas, Panos, Frayling, Timothy M., Lettre, Guillaume, Mohlke, Karen L., Rotter, Jerome, I, Kutalik, Zoltan, Hirschhorn, Joel N., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Loos, Ruth J. F., North, Kari E., Lindgren, Cecilia M., O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Raitakari, Olli T., Lange, Leslie A., Uitterlinden, Andr G., Grove, Megan L., Masca, Nicholas G. D., Luan, Jianan, Wareham, Nicholas J., Esko, Tnu, De Bakker, Paul Iw, Caulfield, Mark J., Mller-Nurasyid, Martina, Justice, Anne E., Karaderi, Tugce, Highland, Heather M., Young, Kristin L., Graff, Mariaelisa, Lu, Yingchang, Turcot, Valerie, Auer, Paul L., Fine, Rebecca S., Guo, Xiuqing, Schurmann, Claudia, Lempradl, Adelheid, Marouli, Eirini, Mahajan, Anubha, Winkler, Thomas W., Locke, Adam E., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Esko, Tonu, Vedantam, Sailaja, Giri, Ayush, Lo, Ken Sin, Alfred, Tamuno, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Feitosa, Mary F., Manning, Alisa K., Willems, Sara M., Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Abecasis, Goncalo, Alam, Dewan S., Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Arzumanyanm, Zorayr, Balkau, Beverley, Bastarache, Lisa, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F., Blueher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Boeger, Carsten A., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bottinger, Erwin P., Bowden, Donald W., Brandslund, Ivan, Broer, Linda, Burt, Amber A., Butterworth, Adam S., Caulfield, Markj, Cesana, Giancarlo, Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel, I, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audreyy, Collins, Francis S., Cook, James P., Cox, Amanda J., Crosslin, David S., Danesh, John, de Bakker, Paul I. W., de Denus, Simon, de Mutsert, Renee, Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W., Dennis, Joe G., Denny, Josh C., Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Doerr, Marcus, Drenos, Fotios, Dube, Marie-Pierre, Dunning, Alison M., Easton, Douglas F., Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelos, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C., Fornage, Myriam, Fox, Caroline S., Franks, Paul W., Friedrich, Nele, Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Girotto, Giorgia, Gorski, Mathias, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niels, Groves, Megan L., Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeff, Hansen, Torben, Hattersley, Andrew T., Hayward, Caroline, Heid, Iris M., Holmen, Oddgeir L., Hovingh, G. Kees, Howson, Joanna M. M., Hu, Yao, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hveem, Kristian, Ikram, M. Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jackson, Anne U., Jarvik, Gail P., Jia, Yucheng, Jorgensen, Torben, Jousilahti, Pekka, Justesen, Johanne M., Kahali, Bratati, Karaleftheri, Maria, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Karpe, Fredrik, Kee, Frank, Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kooner, Jaspal S., Kovacs, Peter, Kraemer, Bernhard K., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Lamparter, David, La Nge, Leslie A., Langenberg, Claudia, Larson, Eric B., Lee, Nanette R., Lee, Wen-Jane, Lehtimaeki, Terho, Lewis, Cora E., Li, Huaixing, Li, Jin, RuifangLi-Gao, Lin, Li-An, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindstroem, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Dajiang J., Luan, Jian'an, Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka, MacGregor, Stuart, Magi, Reedik, Mannisto, Satu, Marenne, Gaelle, Marten, Jonathan, Mascal, Nicholas G. D., McCarthy, Mark, I, Meidtner, Karina, Mihailov, Evelin, Moilanen, Leena, Moitry, Marie, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Morgan, Anna, Morris, Andrew P., Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B., Narisu, Narisu, Nelson, Christopher P., Neville, Matt, Ntalla, Ioanna, Owen, Katharine R., Pedersen, Oluf, Peloso, Gina M., Pennell, Craig E., Perola, Markus, James, A., Perry, John R. B., Pers, Tune H., Ewing, Ailith, Polasek, Ozren, Rasheed, Asif, Raulerson, Chelsea K., Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F., Reiner, Alex P., Ridker, Paul M., Rivas, Manuel A., Robertson, Neil R., Robino, Antonietta, Rudan, Igor, Ruth, Katherine S., Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J., Schreiner, Pamela J., Schulze, Matthias B., Scott, Robert A., Segura-Lepe, Marcelo, Sim, Xueling, Slater, Andrew J., Small, Kerrin S., Smith, Blair H., Smith, Jennifer A., Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D., Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Stefansson, Kari, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M., Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Surendran, Praveen, Swart, Karin M. A., Tardif, Jean-Claude, Taylor, Kent D., Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Deborah J., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thuesen, Betina H., Toenjes, Anke, Torres, Mina, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Uusitupa, Matti, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Vanhala, Mauno, Varma, Rohit, Vermeulen, Sita H., Vestergaard, Henrik, Vitart, Veronique, Vogt, Thomas F., Vuckovic, Dragana, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Walker, Mark, Wallentin, Lars, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Carol A., Wang, Shuai, Wareham, N. Icholas J., Warren, Helen R., Waterworth, Dawn M., Wessel, Jennifer, White, Harvey D., Willer, Cristen J., Wilson, James G., Wood, Andrew R., Wu, Ying, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Yao, Jie, Verges-Armstrong, Laura M., Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zheng, He, Zhou, Wei, Zillikens, M. Carola, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Borecki, Ingrid B., Pospisilik, J. Andrew, Deloukas, Panos, Frayling, Timothy M., Lettre, Guillaume, Mohlke, Karen L., Rotter, Jerome, I, Kutalik, Zoltan, Hirschhorn, Joel N., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Loos, Ruth J. F., North, Kari E., Lindgren, Cecilia M., O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Raitakari, Olli T., Lange, Leslie A., Uitterlinden, Andr G., Grove, Megan L., Masca, Nicholas G. D., Luan, Jianan, Wareham, Nicholas J., Esko, Tnu, De Bakker, Paul Iw, Caulfield, Mark J., and Mller-Nurasyid, Martina

Abstract

Body-fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body-fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF >= 5%) and nine low-frequency or rare (MAF < 5%) coding novel variants. Pathway/gene set enrichment analyses identified lipid particle, adiponectin, abnormal white adipose tissue physiology and bone development and morphology as important contributors to fat distribution, while cross-trait associations highlight cardiometabolic traits. In functional follow-up analyses, specifically in Drosophila RNAi-knockdowns, we observed a significant increase in the total body triglyceride levels for two genes (DNAH10 and PLXND1). We implicate novel genes in fat distribution, stressing the importance of interrogating low-frequency and protein-coding variants.

Published
2019
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6. Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity

Author

Arts Assistenten Cardiologie, Circulatory Health, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 5, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Experimentele Afd. Cardiologie 1, Onderzoeksgroep 11, Brain, Onderzoek, CDL Cluster Onderzoek en Onderwijs, Onderzoek Precision medicine, Turcot, Valérie, Lu, Yingchang, Highland, Heather M., Schurmann, Claudia, Justice, Anne E., Fine, Rebecca S., Bradfield, Jonathan P., Esko, Tõnu, Giri, Ayush, Graff, Mariaelisa, Guo, Xiuqing, Hendricks, Audrey E., Karaderi, Tugce, Lempradl, Adelheid, Locke, Adam E., Mahajan, Anubha, Marouli, Eirini, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Young, Kristin L., Alfred, Tamuno, Feitosa, Mary F., Masca, Nicholas G.D., Manning, Alisa K., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie C.Y., Reiner, Alex P., Vedantam, Sailaja, Willems, Sara M., Winkler, Thomas W., Abecasis, Gonçalo, Aben, Katja K., Alam, Dewan S., Alharthi, Sameer E., Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Asselbergs, Folkert W., Auer, Paul L., Balkau, Beverley, Bang, Lia E., Barroso, Inês, Bastarache, Lisa, Benn, Marianne, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F., Blüher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bots, Michiel L., Bottinger, Erwin P., Bowden, Donald W., Brandslund, Ivan, Breen, Gerome, Brilliant, Murray H., Broer, Linda, Brumat, Marco, Burt, Amber A., Butterworth, Adam S., Campbell, Peter T., Cappellani, Stefania, Carey, David J., Catamo, Eulalia, Caulfield, Mark J., Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Chen, Yii Der I., Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y., Cocca, Massimiliano, Collins, Francis S., Cook, James P., Corley, Janie, Corominas Galbany, Jordi, Cox, Amanda J., Crosslin, David S., Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, D'Eustacchio, Angela, Danesh, John, Davies, Gail, Bakker, Paul I.W., Groot, Mark C.H., Mutsert, Renée, Deary, Ian J., Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W., Heijer, Martin, Hollander, Anneke I., Ruijter, Hester M., Dennis, Joe G., Denny, Josh C., Angelantonio, Emanuele, Drenos, Fotios, Du, Mengmeng, Dubé, Marie Pierre, Dunning, Alison M., Easton, Douglas F., Edwards, Todd L., Ellinghaus, David, Ellinor, Patrick T., Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelos, Farmaki, Aliki Eleni, Farooqi, I. Sadaf, Faul, Jessica D., Fauser, Sascha, Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C., Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franco, Oscar H., Franke, Andre, Franks, Paul W., Friedrich, Nele, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Galesloot, Tessel E., Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Gibson, Jane, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Gjesing, Anette P., Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gorski, Mathias, Grabe, Hans Jörgen, Grant, Struan F.A., Grarup, Niels, Griffiths, Helen L., Grove, Megan L., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeff, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hammerschlag, Anke R., Hansen, Torben, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Harris, Tamara B., Hattersley, Andrew T., Have, Christian T., Hayward, Caroline, He, Liang, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Heath, Andrew C., Heid, Iris M., Helgeland, Øyvind, Hernesniemi, Jussi, Hewitt, Alex W., Holmen, Oddgeir L., Hovingh, G. Kees, Howson, Joanna M.M., Hu, Yao, Huang, Paul L., Huffman, Jennifer E., Ikram, M. Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jackson, Anne U., Jansson, Jan Håkan, Jarvik, Gail P., Jensen, Gorm B., Jia, Yucheng, Johansson, Stefan, Jørgensen, Marit E., Jørgensen, Torben, Jukema, J. Wouter, Kahali, Bratati, Kahn, René S., Kähönen, Mika, Kamstrup, Pia R., Kanoni, Stavroula, Kaprio, Jaakko, Karaleftheri, Maria, Kardia, Sharon L.R., Karpe, Fredrik, Kathiresan, Sekar, Kee, Frank, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Kim, Eric, Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kooner, Jaspal S., Kooperberg, Charles, Korhonen, Tellervo, Kovacs, Peter, Kuivaniemi, Helena, Kutalik, Zoltán, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Lamparter, David, Lange, Ethan M., Lange, Leslie A., Langenberg, Claudia, Larson, Eric B., Lee, Nanette R., Lehtimäki, Terho, Lewis, Cora E., Li, Huaixing, Li, Jin, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Lin, Honghuang, Lin, Keng Hung, Lin, Li An, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching Ti, Liu, Dajiang J., Liu, Yongmei, Lo, Ken S., Lophatananon, Artitaya, Lotery, Andrew J., Loukola, Anu, Luan, Jian'An, Lubitz, Steven A., Lyytikäinen, Leo Pekka, Männistö, Satu, Marenne, Gaëlle, Mazul, Angela L., McCarthy, Mark I., McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Medland, Sarah E., Meidtner, Karina, Milani, Lili, Mistry, Vanisha, Mitchell, Paul, Mohlke, Karen L., Moilanen, Leena, Moitry, Marie, Montgomery, Grant W., Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Moore, Carmel, Mori, Trevor A., Morris, Andrew D., Morris, Andrew P., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B., Nalls, Mike A., Narisu, Narisu, Nelson, Christopher P., Neville, Matt, Nielsen, Sune F., Nikus, Kjell, Njølstad, Pål R., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Nyholt, Dale R., O'Connel, Jeffrey R., O'Donoghue, Michelle L., Olde Loohuis, Loes M., Ophoff, Roel A., Owen, Katharine R., Packard, Chris J., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Colin N.A., Palmer, Nicholette D., Pasterkamp, Gerard, Patel, Aniruddh P., Pattie, Alison, Pedersen, Oluf, Peissig, Peggy L., Peloso, Gina M., Pennell, Craig E., Perola, Markus, Perry, James A., Perry, John R.B., Pers, Tune H., Person, Thomas N., Peters, Annette, Petersen, Eva R.B., Peyser, Patricia A., Pirie, Ailith, Polasek, Ozren, Polderman, Tinca J., Puolijoki, Hannu, Raitakari, Olli T., Rasheed, Asif, Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F., Renström, Frida, Rheinberger, Myriam, Ridker, Paul M., Rioux, John D., Rivas, Manuel A., Roberts, David J., Robertson, Neil R., Robino, Antonietta, Rolandsson, Olov, Rudan, Igor, Ruth, Katherine S., Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J., Sapkota, Yadav, Sattar, Naveed, Schoen, Robert E., Schreiner, Pamela J., Schulze, Matthias B., Scott, Robert A., Segura-Lepe, Marcelo P., Shah, Svati H., Sheu, Wayne H.H., Sim, Xueling, Slater, Andrew J., Small, Kerrin S., Smith, Albert V., Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D., Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Starr, John M., Stefansson, Kari, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M., Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Surendran, Praveen, Swift, Amy J., Tada, Hayato, Tansey, Katherine E., Tardif, Jean Claude, Taylor, Kent D., Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Deborah J., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thuesen, Betina H., Tönjes, Anke, Tromp, Gerard, Trompet, Stella, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Tyrer, Jonathan P., Uher, Rudolf, Uitterlinden, André G., Uusitupa, Matti, Laan, Sander W., Duijn, Cornelia M., Leeuwen, Nienke, Van Setten, Jessica, Vanhala, Mauno, Varbo, Anette, Varga, Tibor V., Varma, Rohit, Velez Edwards, Digna R., Vermeulen, Sita H., Veronesi, Giovanni, Vestergaard, Henrik, Vitart, Veronique, Vogt, Thomas F., Völker, Uwe, Vuckovic, Dragana, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Walker, Mark, Wallentin, Lars, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Carol A., Wang, Shuai, Wang, Yiqin, Ware, Erin B., Wareham, Nicholas J., Warren, Helen R., Waterworth, Dawn M., Wessel, Jennifer, White, Harvey D., Willer, Cristen J., Wilson, James G., Witte, Daniel R., Wood, Andrew R., Wu, Ying, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Yao, Jie, Yao, Pang, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M., Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zhou, Wei, Zondervan, Krina T., Rotter, Jerome I., Pospisilik, John A., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Panos, Frayling, Timothy M., Lettre, Guillaume, North, Kari E., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Hirschhorn, Joel N., Loos, Ruth J.F., Arts Assistenten Cardiologie, Circulatory Health, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 5, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Experimentele Afd. Cardiologie 1, Onderzoeksgroep 11, Brain, Onderzoek, CDL Cluster Onderzoek en Onderwijs, Onderzoek Precision medicine, Turcot, Valérie, Lu, Yingchang, Highland, Heather M., Schurmann, Claudia, Justice, Anne E., Fine, Rebecca S., Bradfield, Jonathan P., Esko, Tõnu, Giri, Ayush, Graff, Mariaelisa, Guo, Xiuqing, Hendricks, Audrey E., Karaderi, Tugce, Lempradl, Adelheid, Locke, Adam E., Mahajan, Anubha, Marouli, Eirini, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Young, Kristin L., Alfred, Tamuno, Feitosa, Mary F., Masca, Nicholas G.D., Manning, Alisa K., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie C.Y., Reiner, Alex P., Vedantam, Sailaja, Willems, Sara M., Winkler, Thomas W., Abecasis, Gonçalo, Aben, Katja K., Alam, Dewan S., Alharthi, Sameer E., Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Asselbergs, Folkert W., Auer, Paul L., Balkau, Beverley, Bang, Lia E., Barroso, Inês, Bastarache, Lisa, Benn, Marianne, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F., Blüher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bots, Michiel L., Bottinger, Erwin P., Bowden, Donald W., Brandslund, Ivan, Breen, Gerome, Brilliant, Murray H., Broer, Linda, Brumat, Marco, Burt, Amber A., Butterworth, Adam S., Campbell, Peter T., Cappellani, Stefania, Carey, David J., Catamo, Eulalia, Caulfield, Mark J., Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Chen, Yii Der I., Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y., Cocca, Massimiliano, Collins, Francis S., Cook, James P., Corley, Janie, Corominas Galbany, Jordi, Cox, Amanda J., Crosslin, David S., Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, D'Eustacchio, Angela, Danesh, John, Davies, Gail, Bakker, Paul I.W., Groot, Mark C.H., Mutsert, Renée, Deary, Ian J., Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W., Heijer, Martin, Hollander, Anneke I., Ruijter, Hester M., Dennis, Joe G., Denny, Josh C., Angelantonio, Emanuele, Drenos, Fotios, Du, Mengmeng, Dubé, Marie Pierre, Dunning, Alison M., Easton, Douglas F., Edwards, Todd L., Ellinghaus, David, Ellinor, Patrick T., Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelos, Farmaki, Aliki Eleni, Farooqi, I. Sadaf, Faul, Jessica D., Fauser, Sascha, Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C., Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franco, Oscar H., Franke, Andre, Franks, Paul W., Friedrich, Nele, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Galesloot, Tessel E., Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Gibson, Jane, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Gjesing, Anette P., Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gorski, Mathias, Grabe, Hans Jörgen, Grant, Struan F.A., Grarup, Niels, Griffiths, Helen L., Grove, Megan L., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeff, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hammerschlag, Anke R., Hansen, Torben, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Harris, Tamara B., Hattersley, Andrew T., Have, Christian T., Hayward, Caroline, He, Liang, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Heath, Andrew C., Heid, Iris M., Helgeland, Øyvind, Hernesniemi, Jussi, Hewitt, Alex W., Holmen, Oddgeir L., Hovingh, G. Kees, Howson, Joanna M.M., Hu, Yao, Huang, Paul L., Huffman, Jennifer E., Ikram, M. Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jackson, Anne U., Jansson, Jan Håkan, Jarvik, Gail P., Jensen, Gorm B., Jia, Yucheng, Johansson, Stefan, Jørgensen, Marit E., Jørgensen, Torben, Jukema, J. Wouter, Kahali, Bratati, Kahn, René S., Kähönen, Mika, Kamstrup, Pia R., Kanoni, Stavroula, Kaprio, Jaakko, Karaleftheri, Maria, Kardia, Sharon L.R., Karpe, Fredrik, Kathiresan, Sekar, Kee, Frank, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Kim, Eric, Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kooner, Jaspal S., Kooperberg, Charles, Korhonen, Tellervo, Kovacs, Peter, Kuivaniemi, Helena, Kutalik, Zoltán, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Lamparter, David, Lange, Ethan M., Lange, Leslie A., Langenberg, Claudia, Larson, Eric B., Lee, Nanette R., Lehtimäki, Terho, Lewis, Cora E., Li, Huaixing, Li, Jin, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Lin, Honghuang, Lin, Keng Hung, Lin, Li An, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching Ti, Liu, Dajiang J., Liu, Yongmei, Lo, Ken S., Lophatananon, Artitaya, Lotery, Andrew J., Loukola, Anu, Luan, Jian'An, Lubitz, Steven A., Lyytikäinen, Leo Pekka, Männistö, Satu, Marenne, Gaëlle, Mazul, Angela L., McCarthy, Mark I., McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Medland, Sarah E., Meidtner, Karina, Milani, Lili, Mistry, Vanisha, Mitchell, Paul, Mohlke, Karen L., Moilanen, Leena, Moitry, Marie, Montgomery, Grant W., Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Moore, Carmel, Mori, Trevor A., Morris, Andrew D., Morris, Andrew P., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B., Nalls, Mike A., Narisu, Narisu, Nelson, Christopher P., Neville, Matt, Nielsen, Sune F., Nikus, Kjell, Njølstad, Pål R., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Nyholt, Dale R., O'Connel, Jeffrey R., O'Donoghue, Michelle L., Olde Loohuis, Loes M., Ophoff, Roel A., Owen, Katharine R., Packard, Chris J., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Colin N.A., Palmer, Nicholette D., Pasterkamp, Gerard, Patel, Aniruddh P., Pattie, Alison, Pedersen, Oluf, Peissig, Peggy L., Peloso, Gina M., Pennell, Craig E., Perola, Markus, Perry, James A., Perry, John R.B., Pers, Tune H., Person, Thomas N., Peters, Annette, Petersen, Eva R.B., Peyser, Patricia A., Pirie, Ailith, Polasek, Ozren, Polderman, Tinca J., Puolijoki, Hannu, Raitakari, Olli T., Rasheed, Asif, Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F., Renström, Frida, Rheinberger, Myriam, Ridker, Paul M., Rioux, John D., Rivas, Manuel A., Roberts, David J., Robertson, Neil R., Robino, Antonietta, Rolandsson, Olov, Rudan, Igor, Ruth, Katherine S., Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J., Sapkota, Yadav, Sattar, Naveed, Schoen, Robert E., Schreiner, Pamela J., Schulze, Matthias B., Scott, Robert A., Segura-Lepe, Marcelo P., Shah, Svati H., Sheu, Wayne H.H., Sim, Xueling, Slater, Andrew J., Small, Kerrin S., Smith, Albert V., Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D., Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Starr, John M., Stefansson, Kari, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M., Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Surendran, Praveen, Swift, Amy J., Tada, Hayato, Tansey, Katherine E., Tardif, Jean Claude, Taylor, Kent D., Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Deborah J., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thuesen, Betina H., Tönjes, Anke, Tromp, Gerard, Trompet, Stella, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Tyrer, Jonathan P., Uher, Rudolf, Uitterlinden, André G., Uusitupa, Matti, Laan, Sander W., Duijn, Cornelia M., Leeuwen, Nienke, Van Setten, Jessica, Vanhala, Mauno, Varbo, Anette, Varga, Tibor V., Varma, Rohit, Velez Edwards, Digna R., Vermeulen, Sita H., Veronesi, Giovanni, Vestergaard, Henrik, Vitart, Veronique, Vogt, Thomas F., Völker, Uwe, Vuckovic, Dragana, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Walker, Mark, Wallentin, Lars, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Carol A., Wang, Shuai, Wang, Yiqin, Ware, Erin B., Wareham, Nicholas J., Warren, Helen R., Waterworth, Dawn M., Wessel, Jennifer, White, Harvey D., Willer, Cristen J., Wilson, James G., Witte, Daniel R., Wood, Andrew R., Wu, Ying, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Yao, Jie, Yao, Pang, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M., Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zhou, Wei, Zondervan, Krina T., Rotter, Jerome I., Pospisilik, John A., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Panos, Frayling, Timothy M., Lettre, Guillaume, North, Kari E., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Hirschhorn, Joel N., and Loos, Ruth J.F.

Published
2018

7. Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure underpinning obesity

Author

Turcot, Valérie, Lu, Yingchang, Highland, Heather M, Schurmann, Claudia, Justice, Anne E, Fine, Rebecca S, Bradfield, Jonathan P, Esko, Tõnu, Giri, Ayush, Graff, Mariaelisa, Guo, Xiuqing, Hendricks, Audrey E, Karaderi, Tugce, Lempradl, Adelheid, Locke, Adam E, Mahajan, Anubha, Marouli, Eirini, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Young, Kristin L, Alfred, Tamuno, Feitosa, Mary F, Masca, Nicholas GD, Manning, Alisa K, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie CY, Reiner, Alex P, Vedantam, Sailaja, Willems, Sara M, Winkler, Thomas W, Abecasis, Goncalo, Aben, Katja K, Alam, Dewan S, Alharthi, Sameer E, Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Asselbergs, Folkert W, Auer, Paul L, Balkau, Beverley, Bang, Lia E, Barroso, Inês, Bastarache, Lisa, Benn, Marianne, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F, Blüher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bots, Michiel L, Bottinger, Erwin P, Bowden, Donald W, Brandslund, Ivan, Breen, Gerome, Brilliant, Murray H, Broer, Linda, Brumat, Marco, Burt, Amber A, Butterworth, Adam S, Campbell, Peter T, Cappellani, Stefania, Carey, David J, Catamo, Eulalia, Caulfield, Mark J, Chambers, John C, Chasman, Daniel I, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y, Cocca, Massimiliano, Collins, Francis S, Cook, James P, Corley, Janie, Galbany, Jordi Corominas, Cox, Amanda J, Crosslin, David S, Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, D'Eustacchio, Angela, Danesh, John, Davies, Gail, de Bakker, Paul IW, de Groot, Mark CH, de Mutsert, Renée, Deary, Ian J, Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W, den Heijer, Martin, den Hollander, Anneke I, den Ruijter, Hester M, Dennis, Joe G, Denny, Josh C, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Drenos, Fotios, Du, Mengmeng, Dubé, Marie-Pierre, Dunning, Alison M, Easton, Douglas F, Edwards, Todd L, Ellinghaus, David, Ellinor, Patrick T, Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelos, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Farooqi, I. Sadaf, Faul, Jessica D, Fauser, Sascha, Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C, Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franco, Oscar H, Franke, Andre, Franks, Paul W, Friedrich, Nele, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Galesloot, Tessel E., Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Gibson, Jane, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Gjesing, Anette P, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gorski, Mathias, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grant, Struan FA, Grarup, Niels, Griffiths, Helen L, Grove, Megan L, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeff, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hammerschlag, Anke R, Hansen, Torben, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Harris, Tamara B, Hattersley, Andrew T, Have, Christian T, Hayward, Caroline, He, Liang, Heard-Costa, Nancy L, Heath, Andrew C, Heid, Iris M, Helgeland, Øyvind, Hernesniemi, Jussi, Hewitt, Alex W, Holmen, Oddgeir L, Hovingh, G Kees, Howson, Joanna MM, Hu, Yao, Huang, Paul L, Huffman, Jennifer E, Ikram, M Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jackson, Anne U, Jansson, Jan-Håkan, Jarvik, Gail P, Jensen, Gorm B, Jia, Yucheng, Johansson, Stefan, Jørgensen, Marit E, Jørgensen, Torben, Jukema, J Wouter, Kahali, Bratati, Kahn, René S, Kähönen, Mika, Kamstrup, Pia R, Kanoni, Stavroula, Kaprio, Jaakko, Karaleftheri, Maria, Kardia, Sharon LR, Karpe, Fredrik, Kathiresan, Sekar, Kee, Frank, Kiemeney, Lambertus A, Kim, Eric, Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kooner, Jaspal S, Kooperberg, Charles, Korhonen, Tellervo, Kovacs, Peter, Kuivaniemi, Helena, Kutalik, Zoltán, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A, Lamparter, David, Lange, Ethan M, Lange, Leslie A, Langenberg, Claudia, Larson, Eric B, Lee, Nanette R, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lewis, Cora E, Li, Huaixing, Li, Jin, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Lin, Honghuang, Lin, Keng-Hung, Lin, Li-An, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Dajiang J, Liu, Yongmei, Lo, Ken Sin, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Lotery, Andrew J, Loukola, Anu, Luan, Jian'an, Lubitz, Steven A, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Männistö, Satu, Marenne, Gaëlle, Mazul, Angela L, McCarthy, Mark I, McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Medland, Sarah E, Meidtner, Karina, Milani, Lili, Mistry, Vanisha, Mitchell, Paul, Mohlke, Karen L, Moilanen, Leena, Moitry, Marie, Montgomery, Grant W, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O, Moore, Carmel, Mori, Trevor A, Morris, Andrew D, Morris, Andrew P, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B, Nalls, Mike A, Narisu, Narisu, Nelson, Christopher P, Neville, Matt, Nielsen, Sune F, Nikus, Kjell, Njølstad, Pål R, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Nyholt, Dale R, O'Connel, Jeffrey R, O’Donoghue, Michelle L., Olde Loohuis, Loes M, Ophoff, Roel A, Owen, Katharine R, Packard, Chris J, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Colin NA, Palmer, Nicholette D, Pasterkamp, Gerard, Patel, Aniruddh P, Pattie, Alison, Pedersen, Oluf, Peissig, Peggy L, Peloso, Gina M, Pennell, Craig E, Perola, Markus, Perry, James A, Perry, John RB, Pers, Tune H, Person, Thomas N, Peters, Annette, Petersen, Eva RB, Peyser, Patricia A, Pirie, Ailith, Polasek, Ozren, Polderman, Tinca J, Puolijoki, Hannu, Raitakari, Olli T, Rasheed, Asif, Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F, Renström, Frida, Rheinberger, Myriam, Ridker, Paul M, Rioux, John D, Rivas, Manuel A, Roberts, David J, Robertson, Neil R, Robino, Antonietta, Rolandsson, Olov, Rudan, Igor, Ruth, Katherine S, Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J, Sapkota, Yadav, Sattar, Naveed, Schoen, Robert E, Schreiner, Pamela J, Schulze, Matthias B, Scott, Robert A, Segura-Lepe, Marcelo P, Shah, Svati H, Sheu, Wayne H-H, Sim, Xueling, Slater, Andrew J, Small, Kerrin S, Smith, Albert Vernon, Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D, Speliotes, Elizabeth K, Starr, John M, Stefansson, Kari, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen E, Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M, Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Surendran, Praveen, Swift, Amy J, Tada, Hayato, Tansey, Katherine E, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Taylor, Kent D, Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Deborah J, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thuesen, Betina H, Tönjes, Anke, Tromp, Gerard, Trompet, Stella, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Tyrer, Jonathan P, Uher, Rudolf, Uitterlinden, André G, Uusitupa, Matti, van der Laan, Sander W, van Duijn, Cornelia M, van Leeuwen, Nienke, van Setten, Jessica, Vanhala, Mauno, Varbo, Anette, Varga, Tibor V, Varma, Rohit, Velez Edwards, Digna R, Vermeulen, Sita H, Veronesi, Giovanni, Vestergaard, Henrik, Vitart, Veronique, Vogt, Thomas F, Völker, Uwe, Vuckovic, Dragana, Wagenknecht, Lynne E, Walker, Mark, Wallentin, Lars, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Carol A, Wang, Shuai, Wang, Yiqin, Ware, Erin B, Wareham, Nicholas J, Warren, Helen R, Waterworth, Dawn M, Wessel, Jennifer, White, Harvey D, Willer, Cristen J, Wilson, James G, Witte, Daniel R, Wood, Andrew R, Wu, Ying, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Yao, Jie, Yao, Pang, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M, Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zhou, Wei, Zondervan, Krina T, Rotter, Jerome I, Pospisilik, John A, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Borecki, Ingrid B, Deloukas, Panos, Frayling, Timothy M, Lettre, Guillaume, North, Kari E, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Hirschhorn, Joel N, and Loos, Ruth JF

Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >250 loci for body mass index (BMI), implicating pathways related to neuronal biology. Most GWAS loci represent clusters of common, non-coding variants from which pinpointing causal genes remains challenging. Here, we combined data from 718,734 individuals to discover rare and low-frequency (MAF<5%) coding variants associated with BMI. We identified 14 coding variants in 13 genes, of which eight in genes (ZBTB7B, ACHE, RAPGEF3, RAB21, ZFHX3, ENTPD6, ZFR2, ZNF169) newly implicated in human obesity, two (MC4R, KSR2) previously observed in extreme obesity, and two variants in GIPR. Effect sizes of rare variants are ~10 times larger than of common variants, with the largest effect observed in carriers of an MC4R stop-codon (p.Tyr35Ter, MAF=0.01%), weighing ~7kg more than non-carriers. Pathway analyses confirmed enrichment of neuronal genes and provide new evidence for adipocyte and energy expenditure biology, widening the potential of genetically-supported therapeutic targets to treat obesity.

Published
2018
Full Text
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8. Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution

Author

Justice, Anne E, Karaderi, Tugce, Highland, Heather M, Young, Kristin L, Graff, Mariaelisa, Lu, Yingchang, Turcot, Valérie, Auer, Paul L, Fine, Rebecca S, Guo, Xiuqing, Schurmann, Claudia, Lempradl, Adelheid, Marouli, Eirini, Mahajan, Anubha, Winkler, Thomas W, Locke, Adam E, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Esko, Tõnu, Vedantam, Sailaja, Giri, Ayush, Lo, Ken Sin, Alfred, Tamuno, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie CY, Heard-Costa, Nancy L, Feitosa, Mary F, Manning, Alisa K, Willems, Sara M, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Abecasis, Goncalo, Alam, Dewan S, Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Arzumanyan, Zorayr, Balkau, Beverley, Bastarache, Lisa, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F, Blüher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bottinger, Erwin P, Bowden, Donald W, Brandslund, Ivan, Broer, Linda, Burt, Amber A, Butterworth, Adam S, Caulfield, Mark J, Cesana, Giancarlo, Chambers, John C, Chasman, Daniel I, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y, Collins, Francis S, Cook, James P, Cox, Amanda J, Crosslin, David S, Danesh, John, de Bakker, Paul IW, Denus, Simon de, Mutsert, Renée de, Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W, Dennis, Joe G, Denny, Josh C, Angelantonio, Emanuele Di, Dörr, Marcus, Drenos, Fotios, Dubé, Marie-Pierre, Dunning, Alison M, Easton, Douglas F, Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelos, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C, Fornage, Myriam, Fox, Caroline S, Franks, Paul W, Friedrich, Nele, Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Girotto, Giorgia, Gorski, Mathias, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niels, Grove, Megan L, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeff, Hansen, Torben, Hattersley, Andrew T, Hayward, Caroline, Heid, Iris M, Holmen, Oddgeir L, Hovingh, G Kees, Howson, Joanna MM, Hu, Yao, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hveem, Kristian, Ikram, M Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jackson, Anne U, Jarvik, Gail P, Jia, Yucheng, Jørgensen, Torben, Jousilahti, Pekka, Justesen, Johanne M, Kahali, Bratati, Karaleftheri, Maria, Kardia, Sharon LR, Karpe, Fredrik, Kee, Frank, Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kooner, Jaspal S, Kovacs, Peter, Krämer, Bernhard K, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A, Lamparter, David, Lange, Leslie A, Langenberg, Claudia, Larson, Eric B, Lee, Nanette R, Lee, Wen-Jane, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lewis, Cora E, Li, Huaixing, Li, Jin, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Lin, Li-An, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Dajiang J, Luan, Jian'an, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, MacGregor, Stuart, Mägi, Reedik, Männistö, Satu, Marenne, Gaëlle, Marten, Jonathan, Masca, Nicholas GD, McCarthy, Mark I, Meidtner, Karina, Mihailov, Evelin, Moilanen, Leena, Moitry, Marie, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O, Morgan, Anna, Morris, Andrew P, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B, Narisu, Narisu, Nelson, Christopher P, Neville, Matt, Ntalla, Ioanna, O'Connell, Jeffrey R, Owen, Katharine R, Pedersen, Oluf, Peloso, Gina M, Pennell, Craig E, Perola, Markus, Perry, James A, Perry, John RB, Pers, Tune H, Ewing, Ailith, Polasek, Ozren, Raitakari, Olli T, Rasheed, Asif, Raulerson, Chelsea K, Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F, Reiner, Alex P, Ridker, Paul M, Rivas, Manuel A, Robertson, Neil R, Robino, Antonietta, Rudan, Igor, Ruth, Katherine S, Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J, Schreiner, Pamela J, Schulze, Matthias B, Scott, Robert A, Segura-Lepe, Marcelo, Sim, Xueling, Slater, Andrew J, Small, Kerrin S, Smith, Blair H, Smith, Jennifer A, Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D, Speliotes, Elizabeth K, Stefansson, Kari, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen E, Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M, Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Surendran, Praveen, Swart, Karin MA, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Taylor, Kent D, Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Deborah J, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thuesen, Betina H, Tönjes, Anke, Torres, Mina, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Uitterlinden, André G, Uusitupa, Matti, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Vanhala, Mauno, Varma, Rohit, Vermeulen, Sita H, Vestergaard, Henrik, Vitart, Veronique, Vogt, Thomas F, Vuckovic, Dragana, Wagenknecht, Lynne E, Walker, Mark, Wallentin, Lars, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Carol A, Wang, Shuai, Wareham, Nicholas J, Warren, Helen R, Waterworth, Dawn M, Wessel, Jennifer, White, Harvey D, Willer, Cristen J, Wilson, James G, Wood, Andrew R, Wu, Ying, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Yao, Jie, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M, Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zheng, He, Zhou, Wei, Zillikens, M Carola, CHD Exome+ Consortium, Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CH, EPIC-CVD Consortium, ExomeBP Consortium, Global Lipids Genetic Consortium, GoT2D Genes Consortium, InterAct, ReproGen Consortium, T2D-Genes Consortium, MAGIC Investigators, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Borecki, Ingrid B, Pospisilik, J Andrew, Deloukas, Panos, Frayling, Timothy M, Lettre, Guillaume, Mohlke, Karen L, Rotter, Jerome I, Kutalik, Zoltán, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Cupples, L Adrienne, Loos, Ruth JF, North, Kari E, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Internal Medicine, Epidemiology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, CHD Exome+ Consortium, Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium, EPIC-CVD Consortium, ExomeBP Consortium, Global Lipids Genetic Consortium, GoT2D Genes Consortium, InterAct, ReproGen Consortium, T2D-Genes Consortium, MAGIC Investigators, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Young, Kristin L [0000-0003-0070-6145], Mahajan, Anubha [0000-0001-5585-3420], Winkler, Thomas W [0000-0003-0292-5421], Locke, Adam E [0000-0001-6227-198X], Medina-Gomez, Carolina [0000-0001-7999-5538], Giri, Ayush [0000-0002-7786-4670], Ng, Maggie CY [0000-0002-4133-2007], Heard-Costa, Nancy L [0000-0001-9730-0306], Manning, Alisa K [0000-0003-0247-902X], Alam, Dewan S [0000-0002-2051-3837], Amouyel, Philippe [0000-0001-9088-234X], Bergmann, Sven [0000-0002-6785-9034], Boehnke, Michael [0000-0002-6442-7754], Butterworth, Adam S [0000-0002-6915-9015], Caulfield, Mark J [0000-0001-9295-3594], Collins, Francis S [0000-0002-1023-7410], de Bakker, Paul IW [0000-0001-7735-7858], Dennis, Joe G [0000-0003-4591-1214], Easton, Douglas F [0000-0003-2444-3247], Elliott, Paul [0000-0002-7511-5684], Evangelou, Evangelos [0000-0002-5488-2999], Giedraitis, Vilmantas [0000-0003-3423-2021], Girotto, Giorgia [0000-0003-4507-6589], Grarup, Niels [0000-0001-5526-1070], Gustafsson, Stefan [0000-0001-5894-0351], Hansen, Torben [0000-0001-8748-3831], Hayward, Caroline [0000-0002-9405-9550], Howson, Joanna MM [0000-0001-7618-0050], Ikram, M Arfan [0000-0003-0372-8585], Jackson, Anne U [0000-0002-9672-2547], Justesen, Johanne M [0000-0002-0484-8522], Kovacs, Peter [0000-0002-0290-5423], Kuulasmaa, Kari [0000-0003-2165-1411], Langenberg, Claudia [0000-0002-5017-7344], Lin, Li-An [0000-0003-2731-1346], Linneberg, Allan [0000-0002-0994-0184], Liu, Ching-Ti [0000-0002-0703-0742], Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka [0000-0002-7200-5455], MacGregor, Stuart [0000-0001-6731-8142], McCarthy, Mark I [0000-0002-4393-0510], Morgan, Anna [0000-0001-6290-445X], Müller-Nurasyid, Martina [0000-0003-3793-5910], Munroe, Patricia B [0000-0002-4176-2947], Narisu, Narisu [0000-0002-8483-1156], Neville, Matt [0000-0002-6004-5433], Reilly, Dermot F [0000-0002-9456-1364], Rudan, Igor [0000-0001-6993-6884], Saleheen, Danish [0000-0001-6193-020X], Salomaa, Veikko [0000-0001-7563-5324], Sim, Xueling [0000-0002-1233-7642], Small, Kerrin S [0000-0003-4566-0005], Smith, Blair H [0000-0002-5362-9430], Smith, Jennifer A [0000-0002-3575-5468], Southam, Lorraine [0000-0002-7546-9650], Stefansson, Kari [0000-0003-1676-864X], Stirrups, Kathleen E [0000-0002-6823-3252], Stringham, Heather M [0000-0002-2991-6392], Teumer, Alexander [0000-0002-8309-094X], Thompson, Deborah J [0000-0003-1465-5799], Vestergaard, Henrik [0000-0003-3090-269X], Vitart, Veronique [0000-0002-4991-3797], Wang, Carol A [0000-0002-4301-3974], Wessel, Jennifer [0000-0002-7031-0085], Willer, Cristen J [0000-0001-5645-4966], Zeggini, Eleftheria [0000-0003-4238-659X], Rivadeneira, Fernando [0000-0001-9435-9441], Pospisilik, J Andrew [0000-0002-9745-0977], Deloukas, Panos [0000-0001-9251-070X], Mohlke, Karen L [0000-0001-6721-153X], Kutalik, Zoltán [0000-0001-8285-7523], Loos, Ruth JF [0000-0002-8532-5087], Lindgren, Cecilia M [0000-0002-4903-9374], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Home Office, Medical Research Council (MRC), National Institute for Health Research, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, UK DRI Ltd, Medical and Clinical Psychology, Justice, Anne E., Karaderi, Tugce, Highland, Heather M., Young, Kristin L., Graff, Mariaelisa, Lu, Yingchang, Turcot, Valérie, Auer, Paul L., Fine, Rebecca S., Guo, Xiuqing, Schurmann, Claudia, Lempradl, Adelheid, Marouli, Eirini, Mahajan, Anubha, Winkler, Thomas W., Locke, Adam E., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Esko, Tõnu, Vedantam, Sailaja, Giri, Ayush, Lo, Ken Sin, Alfred, Tamuno, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Feitosa, Mary F., Manning, Alisa K., Willems, Sara M., Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Abecasis, Goncalo, Alam, Dewan S., Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Arzumanyan, Zorayr, Balkau, Beverley, Bastarache, Lisa, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F., Blüher, Matthia, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bottinger, Erwin P., Bowden, Donald W., Brandslund, Ivan, Broer, Linda, Burt, Amber A., Butterworth, Adam S., Caulfield, Mark J., Cesana, Giancarlo, Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y., Collins, Francis S., Cook, James P., Cox, Amanda J., Crosslin, David S., Danesh, John, de Bakker, Paul I. W., Denus, Simon de, Mutsert, Renée de, Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W., Dennis, Joe G., Denny, Josh C., Angelantonio, Emanuele Di, Dörr, Marcu, Drenos, Fotio, Dubé, Marie-Pierre, Dunning, Alison M., Easton, Douglas F., Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelo, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C., Fornage, Myriam, Fox, Caroline S., Franks, Paul W., Friedrich, Nele, Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Giedraitis, Vilmanta, Girotto, Giorgia, Gorski, Mathia, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niel, Grove, Megan L., Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeff, Hansen, Torben, Hattersley, Andrew T., Hayward, Caroline, Heid, Iris M., Holmen, Oddgeir L., Hovingh, G. Kee, Howson, Joanna M. M., Hu, Yao, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hveem, Kristian, Ikram, M. Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jackson, Anne U., Jarvik, Gail P., Jia, Yucheng, Jørgensen, Torben, Jousilahti, Pekka, Justesen, Johanne M., Kahali, Bratati, Karaleftheri, Maria, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Karpe, Fredrik, Kee, Frank, Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kooner, Jaspal S., Kovacs, Peter, Krämer, Bernhard K., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Lamparter, David, Lange, Leslie A., Langenberg, Claudia, Larson, Eric B., Lee, Nanette R., Lee, Wen-Jane, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lewis, Cora E., Li, Huaixing, Li, Jin, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Lin, Li-An, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lar, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Dajiang J., Luan, Jian’An, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Macgregor, Stuart, Mägi, Reedik, Männistö, Satu, Marenne, Gaëlle, Marten, Jonathan, Masca, Nicholas G. D., Mccarthy, Mark I., Meidtner, Karina, Mihailov, Evelin, Moilanen, Leena, Moitry, Marie, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Morgan, Anna, Morris, Andrew P., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B., Narisu, Narisu, Nelson, Christopher P., Neville, Matt, Ntalla, Ioanna, O’Connell, Jeffrey R., Owen, Katharine R., Pedersen, Oluf, Peloso, Gina M., Pennell, Craig E., Perola, Marku, Perry, James A., Perry, John R. B., Pers, Tune H., Ewing, Ailith, Polasek, Ozren, Raitakari, Olli T., Rasheed, Asif, Raulerson, Chelsea K., Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F., Reiner, Alex P., Ridker, Paul M., Rivas, Manuel A., Robertson, Neil R., Robino, Antonietta, Rudan, Igor, Ruth, Katherine S., Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J., Schreiner, Pamela J., Schulze, Matthias B., Scott, Robert A., Segura-Lepe, Marcelo, Sim, Xueling, Slater, Andrew J., Small, Kerrin S., Smith, Blair H., Smith, Jennifer A., Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D., Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Stefansson, Kari, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M., Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Surendran, Praveen, Swart, Karin M. A., Tardif, Jean-Claude, Taylor, Kent D., Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Deborah J., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thuesen, Betina H., Tönjes, Anke, Torres, Mina, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Uitterlinden, André G., Uusitupa, Matti, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Vanhala, Mauno, Varma, Rohit, Vermeulen, Sita H., Vestergaard, Henrik, Vitart, Veronique, Vogt, Thomas F., Vuckovic, Dragana, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Walker, Mark, Wallentin, Lar, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Carol A., Wang, Shuai, Wareham, Nicholas J., Warren, Helen R., Waterworth, Dawn M., Wessel, Jennifer, White, Harvey D., Willer, Cristen J., Wilson, James G., Wood, Andrew R., Wu, Ying, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Yao, Jie, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M., Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zheng, He, Zhou, Wei, Zillikens, M. Carola, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Borecki, Ingrid B., Pospisilik, J. Andrew, Deloukas, Pano, Frayling, Timothy M., Lettre, Guillaume, Mohlke, Karen L., Rotter, Jerome I., Kutalik, Zoltán, Hirschhorn, Joel N., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Loos, Ruth J. F., North, Kari E., Lindgren, Cecilia M., APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Aging & Later Life, Epidemiology and Data Science, and VU University medical center

Subjects
Exome/genetics, Male, ReproGen Consortium, Adipose tissue, Genome-wide association study, Type 2 diabetes, White adipose tissue, Body Mass Index, Animals, Body Fat Distribution, Case-Control Studies, Drosophila, Exome, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Homeostasis, Humans, Lipids, Proteins, Risk Factors, Waist-Hip Ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, Hyperlipidemia, Body fat distribution, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, INSULIN-RESISTANCE, ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION, CHD Exome+ Consortium, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, Drosophila/genetics, RS11209026 POLYMORPHISM, KINASE 7, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, T2D-Genes Consortium, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Body Fat Distribution/methods, RECEPTOR ALK7, ADIPOSE-TISSUE, Gene Frequency/genetics, Genetic Variation/genetics, InterAct, Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 15], genetic association study, RNA splicing, Proteins/genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study/methods, Lipid particle, ExomeBP Consortium, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, Waist-Hip Ratio/methods, Biology, EPIC-CVD Consortium, Article, MAGIC Investigators, 03 medical and health sciences, Homeostasis/genetics, Lipids/genetics, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, medicine, Global Lipids Genetic Consortium, Risk factor, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY, Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, 06 Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, Minor allele frequency, GoT2D Genes Consortium, genetics research, TYPE-2 DIABETES SUSCEPTIBILITY, 3111 Biomedicine, Body mass index, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Body fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF ≥ 5%) and 9 low frequency or rare (MAF < 5%) coding novel variants. Pathway/gene set enrichment analyses identified lipid particle, adiponectin, abnormal white adipose tissue physiology, and bone development and morphology as important contributors to fat distribution, while cross-trait associations highlight cardiometabolic traits. In functional follow-up analyses, specifically in Drosophila RNAi-knockdowns, we observed a significant increase in the total body triglyceride levels for two genes (DNAH10 and PLXND1). We implicate novel genes in fat distribution, stressing the importance of interrogating low-frequency and protein-coding variants., Editorial summary: A trans-ethnic exome-wide association study for body fat distribution identifies protein-coding variants that are significantly associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index.

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9. Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution

Author

Justice, Anne E, Karaderi, Tugce, Highland, Heather M, Young, Kristin L, Graff, Mariaelisa, Lu, Yingchang, Turcot, Valérie, Auer, Paul L, Fine, Rebecca S, Guo, Xiuqing, Schurmann, Claudia, Lempradl, Adelheid, Marouli, Eirini, Mahajan, Anubha, Winkler, Thomas W, Locke, Adam E, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Esko, Tõnu, Vedantam, Sailaja, Giri, Ayush, Lo, Ken Sin, Alfred, Tamuno, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie CY, Heard-Costa, Nancy L, Feitosa, Mary F, Manning, Alisa K, Willems, Sara M, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Abecasis, Goncalo, Alam, Dewan S, Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Arzumanyan, Zorayr, Balkau, Beverley, Bastarache, Lisa, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F, Blüher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bottinger, Erwin P, Bowden, Donald W, Brandslund, Ivan, Broer, Linda, Burt, Amber A, Butterworth, Adam S, Caulfield, Mark J, Cesana, Giancarlo, Chambers, John C, Chasman, Daniel I, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y, Collins, Francis S, Cook, James P, Cox, Amanda J, Crosslin, David S, Danesh, John, De Bakker, Paul IW, Denus, Simon De, Mutsert, Renée De, Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W, Dennis, Joe G, Denny, Josh C, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Dörr, Marcus, Drenos, Fotios, Dubé, Marie-Pierre, Dunning, Alison M, Easton, Douglas F, Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelos, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C, Fornage, Myriam, Fox, Caroline S, Franks, Paul W, Friedrich, Nele, Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Girotto, Giorgia, Gorski, Mathias, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niels, Grove, Megan L, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeff, Hansen, Torben, Hattersley, Andrew T, Hayward, Caroline, Heid, Iris M, Holmen, Oddgeir L, Hovingh, G Kees, Howson, Joanna MM, Hu, Yao, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hveem, Kristian, Ikram, M Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jackson, Anne U, Jarvik, Gail P, Jia, Yucheng, Jørgensen, Torben, Jousilahti, Pekka, Justesen, Johanne M, Kahali, Bratati, Karaleftheri, Maria, Kardia, Sharon LR, Karpe, Fredrik, Kee, Frank, Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kooner, Jaspal S, Kovacs, Peter, Krämer, Bernhard K, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A, Lamparter, David, Lange, Leslie A, Langenberg, Claudia, Larson, Eric B, Lee, Nanette R, Lee, Wen-Jane, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lewis, Cora E, Li, Huaixing, Li, Jin, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Lin, Li-An, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Dajiang J, Luan, Jian'an, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, MacGregor, Stuart, Mägi, Reedik, Männistö, Satu, Marenne, Gaëlle, Marten, Jonathan, Masca, Nicholas GD, McCarthy, Mark I, Meidtner, Karina, Mihailov, Evelin, Moilanen, Leena, Moitry, Marie, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O, Morgan, Anna, Morris, Andrew P, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B, Narisu, Narisu, Nelson, Christopher P, Neville, Matt, Ntalla, Ioanna, O'Connell, Jeffrey R, Owen, Katharine R, Pedersen, Oluf, Peloso, Gina M, Pennell, Craig E, Perola, Markus, Perry, James A, Perry, John RB, Pers, Tune H, Ewing, Ailith, Polasek, Ozren, Raitakari, Olli T, Rasheed, Asif, Raulerson, Chelsea K, Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F, Reiner, Alex P, Ridker, Paul M, Rivas, Manuel A, Robertson, Neil R, Robino, Antonietta, Rudan, Igor, Ruth, Katherine S, Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J, Schreiner, Pamela J, Schulze, Matthias B, Scott, Robert A, Segura-Lepe, Marcelo, Sim, Xueling, Slater, Andrew J, Small, Kerrin S, Smith, Blair H, Smith, Jennifer A, Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D, Speliotes, Elizabeth K, Stefansson, Kari, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen E, Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M, Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Surendran, Praveen, Swart, Karin MA, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Taylor, Kent D, Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Deborah J, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thuesen, Betina H, Tönjes, Anke, Torres, Mina, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Uitterlinden, André G, Uusitupa, Matti, Van Duijn, Cornelia M, Vanhala, Mauno, Varma, Rohit, Vermeulen, Sita H, Vestergaard, Henrik, Vitart, Veronique, Vogt, Thomas F, Vuckovic, Dragana, Wagenknecht, Lynne E, Walker, Mark, Wallentin, Lars, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Carol A, Wang, Shuai, Wareham, Nicholas J, Warren, Helen R, Waterworth, Dawn M, Wessel, Jennifer, White, Harvey D, Willer, Cristen J, Wilson, James G, Wood, Andrew R, Wu, Ying, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Yao, Jie, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M, Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zheng, He, Zhou, Wei, Zillikens, M Carola, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Borecki, Ingrid B, Pospisilik, J Andrew, Deloukas, Panos, Frayling, Timothy M, Lettre, Guillaume, Mohlke, Karen L, Rotter, Jerome I, Kutalik, Zoltán, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Cupples, L Adrienne, Loos, Ruth JF, North, Kari E, Lindgren, Cecilia M, CHD Exome+ Consortium, Cohorts For Heart And Aging Research In Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium, EPIC-CVD Consortium, ExomeBP Consortium, Global Lipids Genetic Consortium, GoT2D Genes Consortium, InterAct, ReproGen Consortium, T2D-Genes Consortium, and MAGIC Investigators

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Male, Waist-Hip Ratio, Genetic Variation, Proteins, Lipids, Body Mass Index, Gene Frequency, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Animals, Body Fat Distribution, Homeostasis, Humans, Drosophila, Exome, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Body-fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body-fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF ≥5%) and nine low-frequency or rare (MAF

10. Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity

Author

Turcot, Valérie, Lu, Yingchang, Highland, Heather M, Schurmann, Claudia, Justice, Anne E, Fine, Rebecca S, Bradfield, Jonathan P, Esko, Tõnu, Giri, Ayush, Graff, Mariaelisa, Guo, Xiuqing, Hendricks, Audrey E, Karaderi, Tugce, Lempradl, Adelheid, Locke, Adam E, Mahajan, Anubha, Marouli, Eirini, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Young, Kristin L, Alfred, Tamuno, Feitosa, Mary F, Masca, Nicholas GD, Manning, Alisa K, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie CY, Reiner, Alex P, Vedantam, Sailaja, Willems, Sara M, Winkler, Thomas W, Abecasis, Gonçalo, Aben, Katja K, Alam, Dewan S, Alharthi, Sameer E, Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Asselbergs, Folkert W, Auer, Paul L, Balkau, Beverley, Bang, Lia E, Barroso, Inês, Bastarache, Lisa, Benn, Marianne, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F, Blüher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bots, Michiel L, Bottinger, Erwin P, Bowden, Donald W, Brandslund, Ivan, Breen, Gerome, Brilliant, Murray H, Broer, Linda, Brumat, Marco, Burt, Amber A, Butterworth, Adam S, Campbell, Peter T, Cappellani, Stefania, Carey, David J, Catamo, Eulalia, Caulfield, Mark J, Chambers, John C, Chasman, Daniel I, Chen, Yii-Der I, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y, Cocca, Massimiliano, Collins, Francis S, Cook, James P, Corley, Janie, Corominas Galbany, Jordi, Cox, Amanda J, Crosslin, David S, Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, D'Eustacchio, Angela, Danesh, John, Davies, Gail, Bakker, Paul IW, Groot, Mark CH, Mutsert, Renée, Deary, Ian J, Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W, Heijer, Martin, Hollander, Anneke I, Ruijter, Hester M, Dennis, Joe G, Denny, Josh C, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Drenos, Fotios, Du, Mengmeng, Dubé, Marie-Pierre, Dunning, Alison M, Easton, Douglas F, Edwards, Todd L, Ellinghaus, David, Ellinor, Patrick T, Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelos, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Farooqi, I Sadaf, Faul, Jessica D, Fauser, Sascha, Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C, Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franco, Oscar H, Franke, Andre, Franks, Paul W, Friedrich, Nele, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Galesloot, Tessel E, Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Gibson, Jane, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Gjesing, Anette P, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gorski, Mathias, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grant, Struan FA, Grarup, Niels, Griffiths, Helen L, Grove, Megan L, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeff, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hammerschlag, Anke R, Hansen, Torben, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Harris, Tamara B, Hattersley, Andrew T, Have, Christian T, Hayward, Caroline, He, Liang, Heard-Costa, Nancy L, Heath, Andrew C, Heid, Iris M, Helgeland, Øyvind, Hernesniemi, Jussi, Hewitt, Alex W, Holmen, Oddgeir L, Hovingh, G Kees, Howson, Joanna MM, Hu, Yao, Huang, Paul L, Huffman, Jennifer E, Ikram, M Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jackson, Anne U, Jansson, Jan-Håkan, Jarvik, Gail P, Jensen, Gorm B, Jia, Yucheng, Johansson, Stefan, Jørgensen, Marit E, Jørgensen, Torben, Jukema, J Wouter, Kahali, Bratati, Kahn, René S, Kähönen, Mika, Kamstrup, Pia R, Kanoni, Stavroula, Kaprio, Jaakko, Karaleftheri, Maria, Kardia, Sharon LR, Karpe, Fredrik, Kathiresan, Sekar, Kee, Frank, Kiemeney, Lambertus A, Kim, Eric, Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kooner, Jaspal S, Kooperberg, Charles, Korhonen, Tellervo, Kovacs, Peter, Kuivaniemi, Helena, Kutalik, Zoltán, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A, Lamparter, David, Lange, Ethan M, Lange, Leslie A, Langenberg, Claudia, Larson, Eric B, Lee, Nanette R, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lewis, Cora E, Li, Huaixing, Li, Jin, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Lin, Honghuang, Lin, Keng-Hung, Lin, Li-An, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Dajiang J, Liu, Yongmei, Lo, Ken S, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Lotery, Andrew J, Loukola, Anu, Luan, Jian'an, Lubitz, Steven A, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Männistö, Satu, Marenne, Gaëlle, Mazul, Angela L, McCarthy, Mark I, McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Medland, Sarah E, Meidtner, Karina, Milani, Lili, Mistry, Vanisha, Mitchell, Paul, Mohlke, Karen L, Moilanen, Leena, Moitry, Marie, Montgomery, Grant W, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O, Moore, Carmel, Mori, Trevor A, Morris, Andrew D, Morris, Andrew P, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B, Nalls, Mike A, Narisu, Narisu, Nelson, Christopher P, Neville, Matt, Nielsen, Sune F, Nikus, Kjell, Njølstad, Pål R, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Nyholt, Dale R, O'Connel, Jeffrey R, O'Donoghue, Michelle L, Olde Loohuis, Loes M, Ophoff, Roel A, Owen, Katharine R, Packard, Chris J, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Colin NA, Palmer, Nicholette D, Pasterkamp, Gerard, Patel, Aniruddh P, Pattie, Alison, Pedersen, Oluf, Peissig, Peggy L, Peloso, Gina M, Pennell, Craig E, Perola, Markus, Perry, James A, Perry, John RB, Pers, Tune H, Person, Thomas N, Peters, Annette, Petersen, Eva RB, Peyser, Patricia A, Pirie, Ailith, Polasek, Ozren, Polderman, Tinca J, Puolijoki, Hannu, Raitakari, Olli T, Rasheed, Asif, Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F, Renström, Frida, Rheinberger, Myriam, Ridker, Paul M, Rioux, John D, Rivas, Manuel A, Roberts, David J, Robertson, Neil R, Robino, Antonietta, Rolandsson, Olov, Rudan, Igor, Ruth, Katherine S, Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J, Sapkota, Yadav, Sattar, Naveed, Schoen, Robert E, Schreiner, Pamela J, Schulze, Matthias B, Scott, Robert A, Segura-Lepe, Marcelo P, Shah, Svati H, Sheu, Wayne H-H, Sim, Xueling, Slater, Andrew J, Small, Kerrin S, Smith, Albert V, Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D, Speliotes, Elizabeth K, Starr, John M, Stefansson, Kari, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen E, Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M, Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Surendran, Praveen, Swift, Amy J, Tada, Hayato, Tansey, Katherine E, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Taylor, Kent D, Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Deborah J, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thuesen, Betina H, Tönjes, Anke, Tromp, Gerard, Trompet, Stella, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Tyrer, Jonathan P, Uher, Rudolf, Uitterlinden, André G, Uusitupa, Matti, Laan, Sander W, Duijn, Cornelia M, Leeuwen, Nienke, Van Setten, Jessica, Vanhala, Mauno, Varbo, Anette, Varga, Tibor V, Varma, Rohit, Velez Edwards, Digna R, Vermeulen, Sita H, Veronesi, Giovanni, Vestergaard, Henrik, Vitart, Veronique, Vogt, Thomas F, Völker, Uwe, Vuckovic, Dragana, Wagenknecht, Lynne E, Walker, Mark, Wallentin, Lars, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Carol A, Wang, Shuai, Wang, Yiqin, Ware, Erin B, Wareham, Nicholas J, Warren, Helen R, Waterworth, Dawn M, Wessel, Jennifer, White, Harvey D, Willer, Cristen J, Wilson, James G, Witte, Daniel R, Wood, Andrew R, Wu, Ying, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Yao, Jie, Yao, Pang, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M, Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zhou, Wei, Zondervan, Krina T, CHD Exome+ Consortium, EPIC-CVD Consortium, ExomeBP Consortium, Global Lipids Genetic Consortium, GoT2D Genes Consortium, EPIC InterAct Consortium, INTERVAL Study, ReproGen Consortium, T2D-Genes Consortium, MAGIC Investigators, Understanding Society Scientific Group, Rotter, Jerome I, Pospisilik, John A, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Borecki, Ingrid B, Deloukas, Panos, Frayling, Timothy M, Lettre, Guillaume, North, Kari E, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Hirschhorn, Joel N, and Loos, Ruth JF

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Adult, Male, Genetic Variation, Proteins, Syndrome, Body Mass Index, Gene Frequency, Animals, Humans, Drosophila, Female, Obesity, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >250 loci for body mass index (BMI), implicating pathways related to neuronal biology. Most GWAS loci represent clusters of common, noncoding variants from which pinpointing causal genes remains challenging. Here we combined data from 718,734 individuals to discover rare and low-frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%) coding variants associated with BMI. We identified 14 coding variants in 13 genes, of which 8 variants were in genes (ZBTB7B, ACHE, RAPGEF3, RAB21, ZFHX3, ENTPD6, ZFR2 and ZNF169) newly implicated in human obesity, 2 variants were in genes (MC4R and KSR2) previously observed to be mutated in extreme obesity and 2 variants were in GIPR. The effect sizes of rare variants are ~10 times larger than those of common variants, with the largest effect observed in carriers of an MC4R mutation introducing a stop codon (p.Tyr35Ter, MAF = 0.01%), who weighed ~7 kg more than non-carriers. Pathway analyses based on the variants associated with BMI confirm enrichment of neuronal genes and provide new evidence for adipocyte and energy expenditure biology, widening the potential of genetically supported therapeutic targets in obesity.

11. Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity

Author

Alison Pattie, Ailith Pirie, Francis S. Collins, Charles Kooperberg, Nienke van Leeuwen, Carmel Moore, Sharon L.R. Kardia, Neil R. Robertson, Lisa Bastarache, Allan Linneberg, Peter T. Campbell, Helena Kuivaniemi, Struan F.A. Grant, Sascha Fauser, Sekar Kathiresan, Lars Lind, Erin B. Ware, Olli T. Raitakari, Dawn M. Waterworth, James G. Wilson, Markus Perola, Chris J. Packard, Michelle L. O'Donoghue, Fredrik Karpe, Roel A. Ophoff, Sailaja Vedantam, Artitaya Lophatananon, Uwe Völker, Emmanouil Tsafantakis, Hakon Hakonarson, Dajiang J. Liu, Craig E. Pennell, Xueling Sim, Jennifer E. Huffman, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Digna R. Velez Edwards, Michiel L. Bots, Ayush Giri, Renée de Mutsert, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Nicholas J. Wareham, Jin Li, Gail P. Jarvik, Evangelos Evangelou, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Patricia B. Munroe, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Lia E. Bang, Ivan Brandslund, Hester M. den Ruijter, Jussi Hernesniemi, Nancy L. Heard-Costa, Angela L. Mazul, Jonathan Tyrer, Danish Saleheen, Mark J. Caulfield, John Andrew Pospisilik, Annette Peters, Caroline Hayward, Iris M. Heid, J. Wouter Jukema, Valérie Turcot, Matt Neville, Rudolf Uher, Patricia A. Peyser, Jessica D. Faul, Asif Rasheed, Shuai Wang, John C. Chambers, Jordi Corominas Galbany, Murray H. Brilliant, Yucheng Jia, Torben Hansen, Veikko Salomaa, Mary F. Feitosa, Mathias Gorski, Li-An Lin, George Dedoussis, Honghuang Lin, Ethan M. Lange, Veronique Vitart, Bratati Kahali, Alexander Teumer, Jerome I. Rotter, Wayne H-H Sheu, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Aliki-Eleni Farmaki, Lorraine Southam, Ele Ferrannini, Anette P. Gjesing, Krina T. Zondervan, Stavroula Kanoni, David J. Roberts, Rebecca S. Fine, Svati H. Shah, Tugce Karaderi, Claudia Langenberg, Stefan Johansson, Elizabeth K. Speliotes, Alexander P. Reiner, Ching-Ti Liu, Yiqin Wang, Pål R. Njølstad, Gabriel Cuellar-Partida, Amanda J. Cox, Tim D. Spector, Paul W. Franks, Anke Tönjes, John D. Rioux, Jeffrey Haessler, Paul L. Auer, Ingrid B. Borecki, Deborah J. Thompson, Weihua Zhang, John R. B. Perry, Paul Elliott, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Myriam Fornage, Ken Sin Lo, Marie Moitry, Paul Mitchell, Martin den Heijer, Zoltán Kutalik, Tune H. Pers, Kari Stefansson, Kari Kuulasmaa, Robert E. Schoen, Mark C.H. De Groot, Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong, Jing Hua Zhao, Beverley Balkau, Peggy L. Peissig, Michael Boehnke, Janie Corley, Katharine R. Owen, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Naveed Sattar, Sita H. Vermeulen, Thomas N. Person, Mark I. McCarthy, Paul I.W. de Bakker, David Lamparter, Poorva Mudgal, Nicholette D. Palmer, Maria Karaleftheri, Jan-Håkan Jansson, Ozren Polasek, Ruth J. F. Loos, Daniel R. Witte, Dermot F. Reilly, Anubha Mahajan, Stella Trompet, James A. Perry, Yingchang Lu, Claudia Schurmann, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Hidetoshi Kitajima, Dale R. Nyholt, John Danesh, Pamela J. Schreiner, Narisu Narisu, Jose C. Florez, Adelheid Lempradl, Gerome Breen, Torben Jørgensen, Anu Loukola, Joe Dennis, Hans-Jörgen Grabe, Vilmundur Gudnason, Timo A. Lakka, Heather M. Highland, Sven Bergmann, Marie-Pierre Dubé, Giovanni Veronesi, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Nele Friedrich, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Pia R. Kamstrup, Nilesh J. Samani, Josh C. Denny, Mika Kähönen, Massimiliano Cocca, Liang Sun, Karina Meidtner, Carsten A. Böger, Sara M. Willems, Marcelo P. Segura-Lepe, Johanna Kuusisto, Hanieh Yaghootkar, Konstantin Strauch, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Jane Gibson, Matti Uusitupa, Oscar H. Franco, Yongmei Liu, Heather M. Stringham, Rohit Varma, Grant W. Montgomery, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Stefania Cappellani, Paul L. Huang, Albert V. Smith, Eric Kim, Anke R. Hammerschlag, Katherine S. Ruth, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Gerard Pasterkamp, Cristen J. Willer, Alisa K. Manning, Frida Renström, René S. Kahn, Lili Milani, Feijie Wang, Tessel E. Galesloot, Fernando Rivadeneira, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Adam S. Butterworth, Tamara B. Harris, Matthew A. Allison, Paul M. Ridker, David J. Carey, Todd L. Edwards, Panos Deloukas, Xiuqing Guo, Lawrence F. Bielak, Leena Moilanen, Heiner Boeing, Peter Kovacs, Karen L. Mohlke, Myriam Rheinberger, Cramer Christensen, Betina H. Thuesen, Mike A. Nalls, Erik Ingelsson, Nicholas G. D. Masca, Colin N. A. Palmer, Audrey E. Hendricks, Linda Broer, Vanisha Mistry, Praveen Surendran, Audrey Y. Chu, Rainer Rauramaa, Angela D'Eustacchio, Helen Griffiths, Satu Männistö, Patrick T. Ellinor, Terho Lehtimäki, Katherine E. Tansey, I. Sadaf Farooqi, Gaëlle Marenne, Anneke I. den Hollander, Jessica van Setten, Hannu Puolijoki, Tinca J. C. Polderman, Timothy M. Frayling, Niels Grarup, Eric Boerwinkle, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Adam E. Locke, Mengmeng Du, Manuel A. Rivas, Philippe Amouyel, Jaakko Kaprio, Leslie A. Lange, Loes M. Olde Loohuis, Trevor A. Mori, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Wei Zhao, Eva Rb Petersen, Huaixing Li, Thomas W. Winkler, Tellervo Korhonen, Kathleen Stirrups, Jean Ferrières, Wei Zhou, Ian J. Deary, Guillaume Lettre, M. Arfan Ikram, Alex W. Hewitt, Marit E. Jørgensen, Ian Ford, Liang He, Mark Walker, Stefan Gustafsson, Andre Franke, Yao Hu, Jaana Lindström, Jonathan P. Bradfield, Anne E. Justice, Kristin L. Young, Sander W. van der Laan, Shuang Feng, Yadav Sapkota, Douglas F. Easton, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Amy J. Swift, Kjell Nikus, Helen R. Warren, Christian Theil Have, Wei Gan, Steven A. Lubitz, Harvey D. White, Pirjo Komulainen, John M. Starr, Jeffrey R. O'Connel, Anette Varbo, Daniel I. Chasman, Ruifang Li-Gao, Lynne E. Wagenknecht, Matthias Blüher, Xiaowei Zhan, Thomas F. Vogt, Eleftheria Zeggini, Tamuno Alfred, Katja K.H. Aben, Lars Wallentin, Joanna M. M. Howson, Jie Yao, Eulalia Catamo, Henrik Vestergaard, Gina M. Peloso, Markku Laakso, Matthias B. Schulze, Hayato Tada, Jennifer Wessel, Andrew R. Wood, Erwin P. Bottinger, Cora E. Lewis, Robin Young, Carol A. Wang, Oddgeir L. Holmen, Andrew J. Slater, Jean-Claude Tardif, Xu Lin, Inês Barroso, Gail Davies, Tibor V. Varga, Andrew J. Lotery, Igor Rudan, Andrew T. Hattersley, Michael Stumvoll, David Ellinghaus, Andrew C. Heath, Frank Kee, Christopher P. Nelson, Donald W. Bowden, Alison M. Dunning, Marianne Benn, Oluf Pedersen, Amber A. Burt, Aniruddh P. Patel, G. Kees Hovingh, David S. Crosslin, Gorm B. Jensen, Keng-Hung Lin, Dewan S. Alam, Jian'an Luan, Ying Wu, Tõnu Esko, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Antonietta Robino, Anne U. Jackson, Eirini Marouli, Robert A. Scott, Jette Bork-Jensen, Olov Rolandsson, Nanette R. Lee, Gerard Tromp, Megan L. Grove, Suthesh Sivapalaratnam, Sameer E. Al-Harthi, Roberta McKean-Cowdin, Paolo Gasparini, Ellen W. Demerath, Marco Brumat, Maggie C.Y. Ng, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Kari E. North, Rajiv Chowdhury, Mauno Vanhala, Andrew P. Morris, Sarah E. Medland, Sune F. Nielsen, Ilaria Gandin, Øyvind Helgeland, James P. Cook, Kent D. Taylor, Andrew D. Morris, Gudmar Thorleifsson, André G. Uitterlinden, Pang Yao, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Eric B. Larson, Kerrin S. Small, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Dragana Vuckovic, Mariaelisa Graff, Fotios Drenos, Jaspal S. Kooner, Schurmann, Claudia [0000-0003-4158-9192], Justice, Anne E [0000-0002-8903-8712], Giri, Ayush [0000-0002-7786-4670], Locke, Adam E [0000-0001-6227-198X], Young, Kristin L [0000-0003-0070-6145], Medina-Gomez, Carolina [0000-0001-7999-5538], Winkler, Thomas W [0000-0003-0292-5421], Zeggini, Eleftheria [0000-0003-4238-659X], Zhao, Wei [0000-0002-8301-9297], Zondervan, Krina T [0000-0002-0275-9905], Pospisilik, John A [0000-0002-9745-0977], Rivadeneira, Fernando [0000-0001-9435-9441], Deloukas, Panos [0000-0001-9251-070X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Internal Medicine, Epidemiology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, CHD Exome+ Consortium, EPIC-CVD Consortium, ExomeBP Consortium, Global Lipids Genetic Consortium, GoT2D Genes Consortium, EPIC InterAct Consortium, INTERVAL Study, ReproGen Consortium, T2D-Genes Consortium, MAGIC Investigators, Understanding Society Scientific Group, Biological Psychology, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, British Heart Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council (MRC), National Institute for Health Research, Home Office, National Institutes of Health, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, Turcot, Valérie, Lu, Yingchang, Highland, Heather M., Schurmann, Claudia, Justice, Anne E., Fine, Rebecca S., Bradfield, Jonathan P., Esko, Tõnu, Giri, Ayush, Graff, Mariaelisa, Guo, Xiuqing, Hendricks, Audrey E., Karaderi, Tugce, Lempradl, Adelheid, Locke, Adam E., Mahajan, Anubha, Marouli, Eirini, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Young, Kristin L., Alfred, Tamuno, Feitosa, Mary F., Masca, Nicholas G. D., Manning, Alisa K., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Reiner, Alex P., Vedantam, Sailaja, Willems, Sara M., Winkler, Thomas W., Abecasis, Gonçalo, Aben, Katja K., Alam, Dewan S., Alharthi, Sameer E., Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Asselbergs, Folkert W., Auer, Paul L., Balkau, Beverley, Bang, Lia E., Barroso, Inê, Bastarache, Lisa, Benn, Marianne, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F., Blüher, Matthia, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bots, Michiel L., Bottinger, Erwin P., Bowden, Donald W., Brandslund, Ivan, Breen, Gerome, Brilliant, Murray H., Broer, Linda, Brumat, Marco, Burt, Amber A., Butterworth, Adam S., Campbell, Peter T., Cappellani, Stefania, Carey, David J., Catamo, Eulalia, Caulfield, Mark J., Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Chen, Yii-Der I., Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y., Cocca, Massimiliano, Collins, Francis S., Cook, James P., Corley, Janie, Corominas Galbany, Jordi, Cox, Amanda J., Crosslin, David S., Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, D'Eustacchio, Angela, Danesh, John, Davies, Gail, Bakker, Paul I. W., Groot, Mark C. H., Mutsert, Renée, Deary, Ian J., Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W., Heijer, Martin, Hollander, Anneke I., Ruijter, Hester M., Dennis, Joe G., Denny, Josh C., Angelantonio, Emanuele, Drenos, Fotio, Du, Mengmeng, Dubé, Marie-Pierre, Dunning, Alison M., Easton, Douglas F., Edwards, Todd L., Ellinghaus, David, Ellinor, Patrick T., Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelo, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Farooqi, I. Sadaf, Faul, Jessica D., Fauser, Sascha, Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C., Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franco, Oscar H., Franke, Andre, Franks, Paul W., Friedrich, Nele, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Galesloot, Tessel E., Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Gibson, Jane, Giedraitis, Vilmanta, Gjesing, Anette P., Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gorski, Mathia, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grant, Struan F. A., Grarup, Niel, Griffiths, Helen L., Grove, Megan L., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeff, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hammerschlag, Anke R., Hansen, Torben, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Harris, Tamara B., Hattersley, Andrew T., Have, Christian T., Hayward, Caroline, He, Liang, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Heath, Andrew C., Heid, Iris M., Helgeland, Øyvind, Hernesniemi, Jussi, Hewitt, Alex W., Holmen, Oddgeir L., Hovingh, G. Kee, Howson, Joanna M. M., Hu, Yao, Huang, Paul L., Huffman, Jennifer E., Ikram, M. Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jackson, Anne U., Jansson, Jan-Håkan, Jarvik, Gail P., Jensen, Gorm B., Jia, Yucheng, Johansson, Stefan, Jørgensen, Marit E., Jørgensen, Torben, Jukema, J. Wouter, Kahali, Bratati, Kahn, René S., Kähönen, Mika, Kamstrup, Pia R., Kanoni, Stavroula, Kaprio, Jaakko, Karaleftheri, Maria, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Karpe, Fredrik, Kathiresan, Sekar, Kee, Frank, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Kim, Eric, Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kooner, Jaspal S., Kooperberg, Charle, Korhonen, Tellervo, Kovacs, Peter, Kuivaniemi, Helena, Kutalik, Zoltán, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Lamparter, David, Lange, Ethan M., Lange, Leslie A., Langenberg, Claudia, Larson, Eric B., Lee, Nanette R., Lehtimäki, Terho, Lewis, Cora E., Li, Huaixing, Li, Jin, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Lin, Honghuang, Lin, Keng-Hung, Lin, Li-An, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lar, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Dajiang J., Liu, Yongmei, Lo, Ken S., Lophatananon, Artitaya, Lotery, Andrew J., Loukola, Anu, Luan, Jian'An, Lubitz, Steven A., Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Männistö, Satu, Marenne, Gaëlle, Mazul, Angela L., Mccarthy, Mark I., McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Medland, Sarah E., Meidtner, Karina, Milani, Lili, Mistry, Vanisha, Mitchell, Paul, Mohlke, Karen L., Moilanen, Leena, Moitry, Marie, Montgomery, Grant W., Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Moore, Carmel, Mori, Trevor A., Morris, Andrew D., Morris, Andrew P., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B., Nalls, Mike A., Narisu, Narisu, Nelson, Christopher P., Neville, Matt, Nielsen, Sune F., Nikus, Kjell, Njølstad, Pål R., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Nyholt, Dale R., O'Connel, Jeffrey R., O'Donoghue, Michelle L., Olde Loohuis, Loes M., Ophoff, Roel A., Owen, Katharine R., Packard, Chris J., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Colin N. A., Palmer, Nicholette D., Pasterkamp, Gerard, Patel, Aniruddh P., Pattie, Alison, Pedersen, Oluf, Peissig, Peggy L., Peloso, Gina M., Pennell, Craig E., Perola, Marku, Perry, James A., Perry, John R. B., Pers, Tune H., Person, Thomas N., Peters, Annette, Petersen, Eva R. B., Peyser, Patricia A., Pirie, Ailith, Polasek, Ozren, Polderman, Tinca J., Puolijoki, Hannu, Raitakari, Olli T., Rasheed, Asif, Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F., Renström, Frida, Rheinberger, Myriam, Ridker, Paul M., Rioux, John D., Rivas, Manuel A., Roberts, David J., Robertson, Neil R., Robino, Antonietta, Rolandsson, Olov, Rudan, Igor, Ruth, Katherine S., Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J., Sapkota, Yadav, Sattar, Naveed, Schoen, Robert E., Schreiner, Pamela J., Schulze, Matthias B., Scott, Robert A., Segura-Lepe, Marcelo P., Shah, Svati H., Sheu, Wayne H. -H., Sim, Xueling, Slater, Andrew J., Small, Kerrin S., Smith, Albert V., Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D., Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Starr, John M., Stefansson, Kari, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M., Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Surendran, Praveen, Swift, Amy J., Tada, Hayato, Tansey, Katherine E., Tardif, Jean-Claude, Taylor, Kent D., Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Deborah J., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thuesen, Betina H., Tönjes, Anke, Tromp, Gerard, Trompet, Stella, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Tyrer, Jonathan P., Uher, Rudolf, Uitterlinden, André G., Uusitupa, Matti, Laan, Sander W., Duijn, Cornelia M., Leeuwen, Nienke, Van Setten, Jessica, Vanhala, Mauno, Varbo, Anette, Varga, Tibor V., Varma, Rohit, Velez Edwards, Digna R., Vermeulen, Sita H., Veronesi, Giovanni, Vestergaard, Henrik, Vitart, Veronique, Vogt, Thomas F., Völker, Uwe, Vuckovic, Dragana, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Walker, Mark, Wallentin, Lar, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Carol A., Wang, Shuai, Wang, Yiqin, Ware, Erin B., Wareham, Nicholas J., Warren, Helen R., Waterworth, Dawn M., Wessel, Jennifer, White, Harvey D., Willer, Cristen J., Wilson, James G., Witte, Daniel R., Wood, Andrew R., Wu, Ying, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Yao, Jie, Yao, Pang, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M., Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zhou, Wei, Zondervan, Krina T, Rotter, Jerome I., Pospisilik, John A., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Pano, Frayling, Timothy M., Lettre, Guillaume, North, Kari E., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Hirschhorn, Joel N., Loos, Ruth J. F., Internal medicine, AGEM - Endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, Amsterdam Movement Sciences - Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam Movement Sciences - Restoration and Development, APH - Aging & Later Life, Physiology, and VU University medical center

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, ReproGen Consortium, MathematicsofComputing_GENERAL, Genome-wide association study, medicine.disease_cause, Sensory disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 12], Body Mass Index, genetics [Obesity], 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, Glucose homeostasis, Adult, Animals, Drosophila/genetics, Energy Intake/genetics, Energy Metabolism/genetics, Female, Genetic Variation, Humans, Obesity/genetics, Proteins/genetics, Syndrome, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, Genetics & Heredity, Mutation, CHD Exome+ Consortium, body mass index, TheoryofComputation_GENERAL, T2D-Genes Consortium, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR GENE, DONEPEZIL 23 MG, FRAMESHIFT MUTATION, GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS, HYPOTHALAMIC AMPK, CODING VARIANTS, BLOOD-PRESSURE, RARE, LOCI, Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 15], Drosophila, ExomeBP Consortium, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, INTERVAL Study, Understanding Society Scientific Group, EPIC InterAct Consortium, genetics [Energy Metabolism], Biology, EPIC-CVD Consortium, Frameshift mutation, 03 medical and health sciences, MAGIC Investigators, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Genetic, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, ddc:570, genetics [Drosophila], medicine, Journal Article, Global Lipids Genetic Consortium, Obesity, Gene, Allele frequency, Genetic association, Science & Technology, Proteins, 06 Biological Sciences, genetics [Proteins], Minor allele frequency, 030104 developmental biology, GoT2D Genes Consortium, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, genetics [Energy Intake], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >250 loci for body mass index (BMI), implicating pathways related to neuronal biology. Most GWAS loci represent clusters of common, noncoding variants from which pinpointing causal genes remains challenging. Here we combined data from 718,734 individuals to discover rare and low-frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%) coding variants associated with BMI. We identified 14 coding variants in 13 genes, of which 8 variants were in genes (ZBTB7B, ACHE, RAPGEF3, RAB21, ZFHX3, ENTPD6, ZFR2 and ZNF169) newly implicated in human obesity, 2 variants were in genes (MC4R and KSR2) previously observed to be mutated in extreme obesity and 2 variants were in GIPR. The effect sizes of rare variants are ~10 times larger than those of common variants, with the largest effect observed in carriers of an MC4R mutation introducing a stop codon (p.Tyr35Ter, MAF = 0.01%), who weighed ~7 kg more than non-carriers. Pathway analyses based on the variants associated with BMI confirm enrichment of neuronal genes and provide new evidence for adipocyte and energy expenditure biology, widening the potential of genetically supported therapeutic targets in obesity.

Published
2018

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