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649 results on '"Cronin S"'

6. Dynamics and Detection of Pulsed Tremor at Whakaari (White Island), Aotearoa New Zealand.

Author

Steinke, B., Jolly, A. D., Girona, T., Caudron, C., Bramwell, L. A., Cronin, S. J., Illsley‐Kemp, F., and Hughes, E. C.

Abstract

Volcanic tremor is a crucial indicator for assessing the state and hazard potential of volcanic systems. At Whakaari (White Island volcano, Aotearoa New Zealand), a pulsed tremor signal emerged after a hydrothermal explosion in August 2012. The tremor accompanied the extrusion of a lava dome, before gradually disappearing prior to the onset of renewed hydrothermal activity in January 2013. We interpret this seismic signal to represent discrete gas transfers from a magmatic intrusion toward a permeable cap—possibly a hydrothermal seal—in the upper layers of Whakaari's hydrothermal system. Such tremor may thus be associated with heightened potential for hazardous explosive activity but is difficult to detect using conventional seismic monitoring parameters. To highlight the emergence of subtle periodic signals, we experiment with Lomb‐Scargle periodograms (LS). LS detect the tremor 5 days before it becomes visible in seismograms, thus facilitating the recognition of such elusive seismic patterns. Plain Language Summary: A periodic seismic signal was observed at Whakaari (White Island volcano, Aotearoa New Zealand) in 2012, a few weeks after an explosion took place at the volcano. This signal persisted over more than 3 months and consists of slowly emerging, then slowly disappearing and regularly spaced "pulses." Similar signals have been observed at other volcanic systems, where they are usually linked to rising magma, which then releases gases. Subsequently, gas slugs forming from the magma rise toward the surface and interact with and excite more solid layers of the system, which is visible in the seismic records. Therefore, such seismic signals could indicate increased potential for dangerous volcanic activity. Common techniques applied to track volcano activity struggled to highlight the emergence of this very subtle pattern. Instead, a new visualization approach allowed us to track the emergence and decline of the signal over time. This shows that such subtle patterns can be discovered days before they become recognizable in seismograms. We therefore suggest ongoing testing and validating this approach before adding it to current monitoring techniques. This work helps to identify and better understand the physical processes behind the patterns hidden in the seismic signals of volcanoes. Key Points: An unusually long‐lasting episode of pulsed tremor was recorded at Whakaari volcano during its 2012/13 eruptive unrest episodeThe tremor may reflect discrete gas transfers from a magmatic intrusion toward a permeable cap or sulfuric seal in a hydrothermal systemSubtle, periodic seismic patterns can efficiently be visualized via Lomb‐Scargle periodograms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Stacking-Dependent Band Gap and Quantum Transport in Trilayer Graphene

Author

Bao, W., Jing, L., Lee, Y., Velasco Jr., J., Kratz, P., Tran, D., Standley, B., Aykol, M., Cronin, S. B., Smirnov, D., Koshino, M., McCann, E., Bockrath, M., and Lau, C. N.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

In a multi-layer electronic system, stacking order provides a rarely-explored degree of freedom for tuning its electronic properties. Here we demonstrate the dramatically different transport properties in trilayer graphene (TLG) with different stacking orders. At the Dirac point, ABA-stacked TLG remains metallic while the ABC counterpart becomes insulating. The latter exhibits a gap-like dI/dV characteristics at low temperature and thermally activated conduction at higher temperatures, indicating an intrinsic gap ~6 meV. In magnetic fields, in addition to an insulating state at filling factor {\nu}=0, ABC TLG exhibits quantum Hall plateaus at {\nu}=-30, \pm 18, \pm 9, each of which splits into 3 branches at higher fields. Such splittings are signatures of the Lifshitz transition induced by trigonal warping, found only in ABC TLG, and in semi-quantitative agreement with theory. Our results underscore the rich interaction-induced phenomena in trilayer graphene with different stacking orders, and its potential towards electronic applications., Comment: minor revision; published version

Published
2011
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14. Tunable Resonant Raman Scattering from Singly Resonant Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Author

Yin, Y., Walsh, A. G., Vamivakas, A. N., Cronin, S., Stolyarov, A. M., Tinkham, M., Bacsa, W., Unlu, M. S., Goldberg, B. B., and Swan, A. K.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract

We perform tunable resonant Raman scattering on 17 semiconducting and 7 metallic singly resonant single wall carbon nanotubes. The measured scattering cross-section as a function laser energy provides information about a tube's electronic structure, the lifetime of intermediate states involved in the scattering process and also energies of zone center optical phonons. Recording the scattered Raman signal as a function of tube location in the microscope focal plane allows us to construct two-dimensional spatial maps of singly resonant tubes. We also describe a spectral nanoscale artifact we have coined the "nano-slit effect".

Published
2006
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15. Optical Determination of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Carbon Nanotubes

Author

Yin, Y., Vamivakas, A., Walsh, A., Cronin, S., Unlu, M. S., Goldberg, B. B, and Swan, A. K.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We report on an optical method to directly measure electron-phonon coupling in carbon nanotubes by correlating the first and second harmonic of the resonant Raman excitation profile. The method is applicable to 1D and 0D systems and is not limited to materials that exhibit photoluminescence. Experimental results for electron-phonon coupling with the radial breathing mode in 5 different nanotubes show coupling strengths from 3-11 meV, depending on chirality. The results are in good agreement with the chirality and diameter dependence calculated by Goupalov et al., Comment: Corrected a mistake in the references

Published
2006
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21. Using Template Matching to Detect Hidden Fluid Release Episodes Beneath Crater Lakes in Ruapehu, Copahue, and Kawah Ijen Volcanoes

Author

Ardid, Alberto, Dempsey, D., Caudron, Corentin, Cronin, S. J., Miller, C. A., Melchor, I., Syahbana, D., Kennedy, B., Ardid, Alberto, Dempsey, D., Caudron, Corentin, Cronin, S. J., Miller, C. A., Melchor, I., Syahbana, D., and Kennedy, B.

Abstract

Volcano crater lakes, while picturesque, can sometimes mask the occurrence of small eruptions or hydrothermal fluid release events. However, these seemingly hidden events hold a wealth of valuable information about the underlying volcanic conduit and may pose risks to those near the volcano’s summit. This study presents a novel method for identifying these hard‐to‐detect fluid release events by examining seismic data from Ruapehu volcano in New Zealand. We undertake a multi‐timescale template‐matching analysis that uses a newly discovered seismic eruption precursor, to identify patterns related to the rapid consolidation of hydrothermal seals, pressurization processes, and the subsequent release of hydrothermal fluids. As a result, we identified a potential instance of sudden fluid‐release events that were previously unnoticed due to the presence of the crater lake. Our findings support a conceptual model of cyclic pressure variation within the conduit beneath an active crater lake. This model involves the formation and disruption of seals, followed by depressurization through hydrothermal fluid release events. Fluid discharge recession recorded as seismic amplitude decay, provides information about the properties of the reservoir, conduit, and the fluid being discharged. We also applied this technique to Kawah‐Ijen (Indonesia) and Copahue (Chile‐Argentina), identifying multiple potential events at these volcanoes. These findings enhance our understanding of the conditions leading to explosive eruptions, including those that could breach the crater lake., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2023

22. Tackling geological mapping of Late Holocene products at the tropical Andes: Young Doña Juana volcano study-case

Author

Pardo, N., Sulpizio, R., Lucchi, F., Giordano, G., Cronin, S., and Roverato, M.

Abstract

The Young Doña Juana central vent within the Doña Juana Volcanic Complex, in SW Colombia, is an excellent example for dome-dominated, tropical arc volcanoes. Here, fast rates of weathering and erosion in the tropical climate and active tectonics across the North-Andean block strongly fragment the geological record. We focused on the geology of the Young Doña Juana central summit vent zone, which is the best exposed, the only one showing pyroclastic besides effusive activity, and has affected the inhabited territory to the west of the volcano in the XXth century. We integrate new geological mapping at a 1:5000 scale with radiocarbon ages, sedimentology analysis, and historical chronicles to reconstruct the Late Holocene evolution of this young lava-dome complex.Descriptions of new outcrops at 93 locations allowed defining lithostratigraphic units. The lithofacies associations and sedimentological analyses indicate that pyroclastic-density-currents were predominant, generated by dome collapse leading to block-and-ash flows, or by pyroclastic fountain/column-collapse producing lithic or pumice-bearing deposits. Lahars were also common. The PDCs were ~4 to 10 ´ 106 m3 in volume and deposited under granular-flow or fluid escape-dominated depositional regimes at high clast concentrations, and affecting currently inhabited areas. Hence, lava-dome growth and collapse phases, as well as lava dome/plug disruption through Vulcanian and possibly sub-Plinian eruptions dominated over the Late Holocene, with at least three main explosive eruption episodes since ~5 cal ky. We pose a new baseline of knowledge on a potentially active volcanic center of the Northern Andes experiencing explosive activity during the XX century., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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24. Volcanic air pollution and human health: recent advances and future directions

Author

Stewart, C, Damby, DE, Horwell, CJ, Elias, T, Ilyinskaya, E, Tomašek, I, Longo, BM, Schmidt, A, Carlsen, HK, Mason, E, Baxter, PJ, Cronin, S, Witham, C, Stewart, C [0000-0002-3781-6308], Damby, DE [0000-0002-3238-3961], Horwell, CJ [0000-0002-0148-6933], Elias, T [0000-0002-9592-4518], Ilyinskaya, E [0000-0002-3663-9506], Tomašek, I [0000-0003-3743-6628], Longo, BM [0000-0003-0502-3749], Schmidt, Anja [0000-0001-8759-2843], Carlsen, HK [0000-0003-1656-9624], Mason, Emily [0000-0002-7050-6475], Baxter, PJ [0000-0001-8700-1249], Cronin, S [0000-0001-7499-603X], Witham, C [0000-0001-5037-6987], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, School of Health Sciences, Massey University, U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano Science Center, Durham University, University of Leeds, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Orvis School of Nursing, University of Nevada, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], University of Gothenburg (GU), Department of Earth Sciences [University of Cambridge], Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, School of Geography and Environmental Science University of Auckland, UK METOFFICE EXETER GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Schmidt, A [0000-0001-8759-2843], and Mason, E [0000-0002-7050-6475]

Subjects
2 Aetiology, Volcanic emissions, Air pollution, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, Review, Looking Backwards and Forwards in Volcanology: A Collection of Perspectives on the Trajectory of a Science, 3703 Geochemistry, Risk management, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geochemistry and Petrology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Generic health relevance, Health effects, Perspectives, Health hazard assessment
Abstract

Volcanic air pollution from both explosive and effusive activity can affect large populations as far as thousands of kilometers away from the source, for days to decades or even centuries. Here, we summarize key advances and prospects in the assessment of health hazards, effects, risk, and management. Recent advances include standardized ash assessment methods to characterize the multiple physicochemical characteristics that might influence toxicity; the rise of community-based air quality monitoring networks using low-cost gas and particulate sensors; the development of forecasting methods for ground-level concentrations and associated public advisories; the development of risk and impact assessment methods to explore health consequences of future eruptions; and the development of evidence-based, locally specific measures for health protection. However, it remains problematic that the health effects of many major and sometimes long-duration eruptions near large populations have gone completely unmonitored. Similarly, effects of prolonged degassing on exposed populations have received very little attention relative to explosive eruptions. Furthermore, very few studies have longitudinally followed populations chronically exposed to volcanic emissions; thus, knowledge gaps remain about whether chronic exposures can trigger development of potentially fatal diseases. Instigating such studies will be facilitated by continued co-development of standardized protocols, supporting local study teams and procuring equipment, funding, and ethical permissions. Relationship building between visiting researchers and host country academic, observatory, and agency partners is vital and can, in turn, support the effective communication of health impacts of volcanic air pollution to populations, health practitioners, and emergency managers.

Published
2022

25. Isolating live cell clones from barcoded populations using CRISPRa-inducible reporters

Author

Umkehrer, C, Holstein, F, Formenti, L, Jude, J, Froussios, K, Neumann, T, Cronin, S, Haas, L, Lipp, J, Burkard, T, Fellner, M, Wiesner, T, Zuber, J, Obenauf, A, Umkehrer C., Holstein F., Formenti L., Jude J., Froussios K., Neumann T., Cronin S. M., Haas L., Lipp J. J., Burkard T. R., Fellner M., Wiesner T., Zuber J., Obenauf A. C., Umkehrer, C, Holstein, F, Formenti, L, Jude, J, Froussios, K, Neumann, T, Cronin, S, Haas, L, Lipp, J, Burkard, T, Fellner, M, Wiesner, T, Zuber, J, Obenauf, A, Umkehrer C., Holstein F., Formenti L., Jude J., Froussios K., Neumann T., Cronin S. M., Haas L., Lipp J. J., Burkard T. R., Fellner M., Wiesner T., Zuber J., and Obenauf A. C.

Abstract

We developed a functional lineage tracing tool termed CaTCH (CRISPRa tracing of clones in heterogeneous cell populations). CaTCH combines precise clonal tracing of millions of cells with the ability to retrospectively isolate founding clones alive before and during selection, allowing functional experiments. Using CaTCH, we captured rare clones representing as little as 0.001% of a population and investigated the emergence of resistance to targeted melanoma therapy in vivo.

Published
2021

29. Health-related behaviours and weight status of expectant fathers.

Author

Pettigrew, S, Jongenelis, MI, Cronin, S, Dana, LM, Silva, D, Prescott, SL, Yeap, BB, Pettigrew, S, Jongenelis, MI, Cronin, S, Dana, LM, Silva, D, Prescott, SL, and Yeap, BB

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Little attention has been given to the health status and lifestyle behaviours of expectant fathers. This study aimed to examine health-related variables in a cohort of expectant fathers to identify potential focus areas for interventions designed to optimise health and wellbeing outcomes in this group. METHODS: Partners of pregnant women who accessed antenatal services at a large maternity unit in a Western Australian hospital were recruited as part of the ORIGINS Project. Analyses were conducted on data from 498 expectant fathers who were primarily of mid and high socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Participants reported relatively low levels of smoking and alcohol consumption and higher physical activity compared to national averages. Weight status was consistent with population norms for adult males: 76% were overweight or obese and 62% had a waist girth ≥94cm. CONCLUSIONS: Expectant fathers may benefit from health interventions, especially in relation to managing their weight during this phase of their lives and beyond. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH: Pregnancy represents a valuable opportunity to engage fathers-to-be in health interventions. Given identified links between paternal weight status and offspring outcomes, interventions focusing on achieving and maintaining a healthy weight among expectant fathers could be beneficial for families.

Published
2022

38. Efficacy of a Medical Directive to Reduce Inappropriate Indwelling Urinary Catheter Use on Orthopedic Wards

Author

Jina, R., Foley, L., Chan, S., Wong, E., Ward, S., Kuan, D., Wong, C., Wang, S-J., Lee, L., Hammond, M., Leu, R., Cuperfain, A., Perrella, A., Canfield, A., Woo, T., McCollum, A., Landry, V., Yetman, L., Theou, O., Andrew, M., Jarrett, P., Arya, R., Cristancho, S., Thain, J., Diachun, L., Tsui, C., Kim, K., Spencer, M., Reich, K., Moledina, A., Kwan, E., Keir, M., Fan, B.J.Y., Wong, R.Y.M., Reppas-Rindlisbacher, C., Lee, J., Siddhpuria, S., Gabor, C., De Freitas, S., Khalili, Y., Curkovic, A., Patterson, C., Naqvi, R., Wong, C.L., Koo, K., To, E., Stoian, M., Tung, J., Benjamin, S., Ho, J., Burrell, A., Chahine, S., Casey, G., Kekewich, M., Swain, K., Pridham, A., Morgan, A., Wilding, L., Moors, J., Khoury, L., Jabbar, A., Costa, A., Jafri, A., Osborne, A., Cowan, D., Onge, J. St., Pieruccini-Faria, F., Bray, N., Montero-Odasso, M., Abou-Sharkh, A., Mayo, N., Wall, M., Harvey, E., St-Jean, S., Albers, A., Bergeron, S., Bérubé, P., Morin, S., Turner, J., Martin, P., Zhang, Y.Z., Tannenbaum, C., Pulok, M., van der Valk, A., Rockwood, K., Dearing, M., Bowles, S., Isenor, J., Reeve, E., Piankova, P., Eintracht, S., Hoffer, L.J., Afilalo, J., Mate, K., Morais, J., Ahmed, U., Akter, R., Maksymowych, W., Martin, L., Hogan, D., Alston, J., Gandell, D., Cheung, E., Arora, R., Kundid, E., Ali, A., Martin, G., Versloot, J., Bartholomew, S., Robitaille, C., Plebon-Huff, S., Beauchet, O., Fung, S., Launay, C., Chabot, J., Galery, K., Dejager, S., Bineau, S., Berrut, G., Bobrowski, C., Brown, D., Contreras, J., Norris, M., Jaunkalns, R., Liu, B., Chertkow, H., Borrie, M., Feldman, H., Whitehead, V., Rylett, J., McGilton, K., Black, S., Masellis, M., Chuen, V., Chan, A., Alibhai, S., Chau, V., Church, S., Rogers, E., Squires, E., Colborne, A., Fenwick, P., Cahill, L., Collier-Jarvis, Krista, Mah, Jasmine, Cullen, S., Carroll, S., Cuthbertson, L.R., Stajduhar, K., Cloutier, D., Day, A., Ng, K., Dubé, J., Truemner, J., Best, S., Sargeant, P., Faisal, S., Ivo, J., McDougall, A., Bauer, J., Pritchard, S., Chang, F., Patel, T., Faulkner, C., Bronskill, S., Rosella, L., Stall, N., Savage, R., Zhu, L., Manuel, D., Rochon, P., Godin, J., Black, K., McNeil, S.A., Andrew, M.K., Gong, Z., Song, H., Thrall, S., Wang, X.M., Allaby, C., Papaioannou, A., Gorman, M., MacGrath, M., Haddad, S.M. Hassan, Scott, C.J.M., Arnott, S.R., Ozzoude, M., Swartz, R.H., Mandzia, J., Kwan, D., Beaton, D., Bartha, R., Harasym, P., Brisbin, S., Quail, P.B., Venturato, L., Sinnarajah, A., Virk, N., Kaasalainen, S., Sussman, T., Hanson, H., Sharon, S., Holroyd-Leduc, J., Haslam, L., DePaul, V., Woo, K., Donnelly, C., Auais, M., Haviva, C., Zimmer, Z., Jacob, K., Sonjak, V., Hajj, G., Chevalier, S., Lamarche, M., Janower, A., John, P. St., Jayanama, K., Jeffrey, E., Ji, A. (Tianshu), McGregor, M., Kow, J., Kehler, S., Giacomantonio, N., Firth, W., Blanchard, C., Kelly, S., Lorbergs, A., Crilly, R., Knoefel, F., Sabra, I., Wallace, B., Breau, M., Sweet, L., Goubran, R., Frank, A., Kokorelias, K., Cronin, S., Eftekhar, P., Munce, S., Jagal, S., Vellani, S., Wang, C., Salbach, N., Colella, T., Kontos, P., Grigorovich, A., Chau, B., Cameron, J., Krause, K., Lam, K., Arnold, C., Wu, W., Piggott, K., Parikh, R., Hillier, L.M., Lu, S.K., Gevaert, V., Walker, S., Lu, S., Wong, W., Gregg, S., Bedirian, W., Skimson, K., Milligan, J., Lovett, M., Negm, A., Ioannidis, G., Petruccelli, D., Winemaker, M., Luthra, A.S., de Jesus, I.T. Machado, Gratão, A.C. Martins, Nascimento, C.M. Crispim, de Souza Orlandi, F., de Oliveira Gomes, G.A., Say, K. Gramani, dos Santos, A. Angelini, Cominetti, M.R., Pavarini, S.C. Iost, Zazzetta, M.S., Madden, Ken, Feldman, Boris, Meneilly, Graydon, Makhani, A., Qureshi, S., Hunter, K.F., Wagg, A., Gibson, W., Marion, M., Monor, A., Malik, S., O’Donoghue, C., Marr, S., Wilson, J. McKinnon, Doleweerd, J., Berezny, T., Mayo, A., Senechal, M., Boudreau, J., Belanger, M., Bouchard, D., McGarrigle, L., Wallace, L., Howlett, S.E., Mehta, N., Ghuman, I., Mehta, M., Brode, S., Mehrabi, M., Marras, T., Mele, B., Merrikh, D., Ismail, Z., Goodarzi, Z., Mercer, S., Babb, K., Nauth, S., Tait, G., Liberman, D., Devine, L., Nepal, R.M., Vojicic, J., Dion, S., Major, M., Isturiz, R.E., Nguyen, Q. Dinh, Nicholson, K., Fortin, M., Griffith, L., Terry, A., Williamson, T., Mangin, D., Stranges, S., Pageau, F., van der Horst, M-L., McArthur, C., Jain, R., Jaglal, S., Adachi, J.D., Giangregorio, L., Parmar, J., Brémault-Phillips, S., Duggleby, W., Charles, L., Tian, P.G. Jaminal, Bedaba, R., Rolfson, D., Torti, J., Dobbs, B., Khera, S., Abbasi, M., Chan, K., Carr, F., Triscott, J., Huang, J., Moores, D., Cerna, J., Jamieson, J., Jensen, L., Johnson, C., Chow, J., Guzak, J., Mathura, P., Sun, X., Pearce, P., Dempsey, E., Mahon, A., Pérez-Zepeda, U., Borda, M-G., Almeda-Valdés, P., Cesari, M., Peters, M-L., Davidson, S., Reece, K., Spira, N., Uranis, C., Whelan, L., Ryan, D.P., Brown, D.M., Saha, A., Thiyagalingam, S., Wachtel, J., Ramasamy, D., Schmidt, K., Nobleza, S., Gordon, C., Hung, M., Thangaraja, M., Searle, S.D., Ellis, H. Logan, Ramlakhan, D., Davis, D., Sekhon, H., Sepehri, K., Song, X., Chinda, B., Braley, M., Zou, M., Tang, B., Garm, A., Park, G., Sirisegaram, L., Sarquis-Adamson, Y., Smallbone, J., Posner, A., Yogaparan, T., Kelly, R., Singh, S., Keetch, K., Heiazi, S., Sandercock, J., Shyr, C., D’Arcy, R., McDermid, R., Clarke, B., Hanson, C., Tate, R., Shah, N., Resnick, J., Amin, S., Manzoor, S., Mistry, N., Fless, K., Rezai, F., Ovnanian, V., Yodice, P., Torbiak, L., Schmaltz, H., Trenaman, S., Kirkland, S., Bodkin, R. J., Wang, K., Ganesh, V., Neat, C., Raber, C., An, H., Beyzaei, N., Lau, C., Lee, F., Cox, L., McElhaney, J., McNeil, S., Wong, T., McKellar, L., Dasgupta, M., Vasudev, A., Burhan, A., O’Regan, N., Yeung, C., Srinathan, S., and Dhaliwal, R.

Subjects
Abstracts, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Gerontology
Published
2019

40. Impact of central complex lesions on visual orientation in ants: Turning behaviour, but not the overall movement direction, is disrupted

Author

Paul Graham, Jeremy E. Niven, Roman Goulard, Dell-Cronin S, Pathirannahelage Ad, Cornelia Buehlmann, and Barbara Webb

Subjects
Heading (navigation), Sensory input, Turning behaviour, Movement (music), Orientation (mental), Biology, Sensory cue, Neuroscience, Visual navigation, Visual orientation
Abstract

Wood ants are excellent navigators using a combination of innate and learnt navigational strategies to travel between their nest and feeding sites. Visual navigation in ants has been studied extensively, however, we only know little about the underlying neural mechanisms. The central complex (CX) is located at the midline of the insect brain. It receives sensory input that allows an insect to keep track of the direction of sensory cues relative to its own orientation and to control movement. We show here direct evidence for the involvement of the central complex in the innate visual orientation response of freely moving wood ants. Lesions in the CX disrupted the control of turning in a lateralised manner, but had no effect on the overall heading direction, walking speed or path straightness.

Published
2021

47. Fertiliser contaminants in New Zealand grazed pasture with special reference to cadmium and fluorine: a review

Author

Loganathan, P., Hedley, M. J., Grace, N. D., Lee, J., Cronin, S. J., Bolan, N. S., and Zanders, J. M.

Subjects
Pastures -- Contamination -- Environmental aspects, Cadmium -- Environmental aspects, Fertilizers -- Contamination -- Environmental aspects, Livestock -- Food and nutrition -- Environmental aspects, Fluorides -- Environmental aspects, Agricultural industry, Earth sciences, Contamination, Food and nutrition, Environmental aspects
Abstract

Phosphorus (P) fertilisers are an essential input for the economic production of legume-based pastures in New Zealand (NZ) and Australia, but they often contain some unwanted elements that can contaminate the soil, thereby creating potential risks to the health of grazing animal, food quality, and soil quality. Fluorine (F) and cadmium (Cd) are considered to be the elements of most concern. Incidences of F toxicity (from direct ingestion of fertiliser), and accumulation of Cd in offal products above the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) set by the food authorities, have been reported in NZ. Similarly, Cd concentrations in some food grains may exceed the newly proposed MPCs by the Australian and New Zealand Food Authority. Cadmium and F continue to accumulate in the topsoils of NZ and Australian pastures as a result of P fertiliser use. The mobility of both these elements in soils is low and is similar to that of P. Risk of ground water contamination from F and Cd applied to most NZ pastures is low. The plant uptake of these elements, especially F, is also low in most pastoral soils. Cadmium accumulates mainly in liver and kidney of grazing animals mostly through herbage ingestion, whereas F accumulates mainly in the bones of these animals, mostly through soil ingestion. Soil ingestion is highest during the wetter winter months and at high stocking rates. Models have been developed to assess the impact of fertiliser use on the potential risks associated with F and Cd accumulation in soils. Measures to control F and Cd accumulation in soils, plants, and grazing animals are presented and future research needs are identified. Additional keywords: cattle, phosphorus, sheep, soil ingestion., Introduction Legume-based pastoral farming is the main form of agriculture in New Zealand. It covers 13.8 million hectares and carries approximately 46 million sheep, 5 million beef cattle, 4 million [...]

Published
2003

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