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1. NanoCarb part 2: Performance assessment for total column CO2 monitoring from a nano-satellite

Author

Gousset, Silvère, Croizé, Laurence, Coarer, Etienne Le, Ferrec, Yann, and Brooker, Laure

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

NanoCarb is an innovative Fourier Transform imaging spectrometer dedicated to the measurement of CO2 and CH4. Both its unusual optical principle and sampling strategy allows to reach a compact design, ideal for small satellite constellation as investigated by the European project SCARBO. The NanoCarb performance assessment as well as a proof of concept are required in this framework. A strategy of design is developed to optimize the performances and reach the sensitivity target of the space mission, demonstrating the potential of the concept without drastic complexity gain. A preliminary bias mitigation in the retrieval strategy is presented concerning water for CO2 measurement, illustrating the efficiency and the flexibility of the NanoCarb partial interferogram sampling technic. The presented design reaches a random error sub-ppm for CO2 and sub-10ppb for CH4, considering a 128 to 192 km swath, respectively, for 2 or 3 km of resolution at ground. A full mitigation of the water bias is performed on CO2 band thanks to partial interferograms.

Published
2019

6. ImSPOC: A Novel Compact Hyperspectral Camera for the Monitoring of Atmospheric Gases

Author

Gousset, Silvère, Picone, Daniele, Le Coarer, Etienne, Rodrigo, Juana, Voisin, D., Croizé, Laurence, Ferrec, Yann, Dalla Mura, Mauro, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, GIPSA - Signal Images Physique (GIPSA-SIGMAPHY), GIPSA Pôle Sciences des Données (GIPSA-PSD), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH)

Subjects
Accident prevention, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Hyperspectral imaging, Monitoring, SPECTROSCOPIE, Hyperspectral imaging sensor, Miniaturized sensor, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Gas detector, SURVEILLANCE, Fourier transform, Gas monitoring, IMAGERIE HYPERSPECTRALE, DETECTION GAZ, Spectroscopy, PREVENTION ACCIDENT
Abstract

International audience; There is an increasing industrial and scientific demand for large scale monitoring of gas concentration, e.g., to abide with constraints on pollutants for environmental safety. This paper aims to show the potential of the very recent ImSPOC technology for gas monitoring. We present the ImSPOC operating principle, some of the developed prototypes and two illustrative examples in the monitoring of methane and carbon dioxide in controlled environments.

Published
2022

9. Supplementary material to "The Space CARBon Observatory (SCARBO) concept: Assessment of XCO<sub>2</sub> and XCH<sub>4</sub> retrieval performance"

Author

Dogniaux, Matthieu, primary, Crevoisier, Cyril, additional, Gousset, Silvère, additional, Le Coarer, Étienne, additional, Ferrec, Yann, additional, Croizé, Laurence, additional, Wu, Lianghai, additional, Hasekamp, Otto, additional, Sic, Bojan, additional, and Brooker, Laure, additional

Published
2021
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11. NanoCarb spaceborne miniaturized GHG sensor: first experimental results

Author

Gousset, Silvère, primary, Rodrigo, Juana M., additional, Le Coarer, Etienne, additional, Ehrhardt, Hélène, additional, Stadler, Eric, additional, Hubert, Zoltán, additional, Magnard, Yves, additional, Croizé, Laurence, additional, Ferrec, Yann, additional, de la Barrière, Florence, additional, Domel, Roland, additional, Coudrain, Christophe, additional, Gouyon, Remi, additional, Chambon, Mathieu, additional, Perrault, Philippe, additional, Boussey, Jumana, additional, Gourgon, Cécile, additional, Panabière, Marie, additional, and Gerges, Nadine, additional

Published
2021
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15. The Space CARBon Observatory (SCARBO) concept: Assessment of XCO2 and XCH4 retrieval performance.

Author

Dogniaux, Matthieu, Crevoisier, Cyril, Gousset, Silvère, Le Coarer, Étienne, Ferrec, Yann, Croizé, Laurence, Lianghai Wu, Hasekamp, Otto, Sic, Bojan, and Brooker, Laure

Subjects
SPATIAL resolution, OBSERVATORIES, DEGREES of freedom, MICROSPACECRAFT, GREENHOUSE gases, SPACE-based radar
Abstract

Several single-platform satellite missions have been designed during the past decades in order to retrieve the atmospheric concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG), initiating worldwide efforts towards better monitoring of their sources and sinks. To set up a future operational system for anthropogenic GHG emission monitoring, both revisit frequency and spatial resolution need to be improved. The Space CARBon Observatory (SCARBO) project aims at significantly increasing the revisit frequency of spaceborne GHG measurements, while reaching state-of-the-art precision requirements, by implementing a concept of small satellite constellation. It would accommodate a miniaturized GHG sensor named NanoCarb coupled with an aerosol instrument, the multi-angle polarimeter SPEXone. More specifically, the NanoCarb sensor is a static Fabry-Perot imaging interferometer with a 2.3 x 2.3 km² spatial resolution and 200 km swath. It samples a truncated interferogram at optical path differences (OPDs) optimally sensitive to all the geophysical parameters necessary to retrieve column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 (hereafter XCO2 and XCH4). In this work, we present the Level 2 performance assessment of the concept proposed in the SCARBO project. We perform inverse radiative transfer to retrieve XCO2 and XCH4 directly from synthetic NanoCarb truncated interferograms, and provide their systematic and random errors, column vertical sensitivities and degrees of freedom as a function of five scattering error-critical atmospheric and observational parameters. We show that NanoCarb XCO2 and XCH4 systematic retrieval errors can be greatly reduced with SPEXone posterior outputs used as improved prior aerosol constraints. For two thirds of the soundings, located at the centre of the 200 km NanoCarb swath, XCO2 and XCH4 random errors span 0.5 – 1 ppm and 4 – 6 ppb, respectively, compliant with their respective 1-ppm and 6-ppb precision objectives. Finally, these Level 2 performance results are parameterized as a function of the explored scattering error-critical atmospheric and observational parameters in order to time-efficiently compute extensive L2 error maps for future CO2 and CH4 flux estimation performance studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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16. NanoCarb partie 1 : interféomètre imageur compact pour la surveillance du CO2 depuis l'espace

Author

Ferrec, Yann, Bonnery, Guillaume, Brooker, Laure, Croizé, Laurence, Gousset, Silvère, Le Coarer, Etienne, DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Airbus Defence and Space [Toulouse], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION, MESURE POLLUTION DE L'AIR, TELEDETECTION PASSIVE, FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY, ANTHROPOGENIC GHG EMISSIONS, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, INSTRUMENTATION OPTIQUE, EMISSIONS ANTHROPOGENIQUES DE GAZ A EFFET DE SERRE, AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING, FABRY-PEROT, SPECTROMETRIE PAR TRANSFORMATION DE FOURIER
Abstract

International audience; Nanocarb is a snapshot imaging interferometer concept dedicated to the measurement of CO2. Thanks to its very compact design, it is a good candidate for small satellites, which would pave the way to a constellation of satellites to monitor emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases from space. Nanocarb is based on a multiaperture design, with a stepcase interferometric plate to measure partial interferograms. It is developed in the framework of the Scarbo project, an European project involving several partners, the aim of which being to design and analyse the performances of the Nanocarb concept, complemented by collocated compact aerosol sensor and CO2 reference instruments. The overall measurement concept will be experimentally validated through a dedicated airborne campaign featuring instrument prototypes.

Published
2018

21. Infrared Hyperspectral and Ultraviolet Remote Measurements of Volcanic Gas Plume at MT Etna during IMAGETNA Campaign

Author

Huret, Nathalie, primary, Segonne, Charlotte, additional, Payan, Sébastien, additional, Salerno, Giuseppe, additional, Catoire, Valéry, additional, Ferrec, Yann, additional, Roberts, Tjarda, additional, Pola Fossi, Armande, additional, Rodriguez, Delphy, additional, Croizé, Laurence, additional, Chevrier, Stéphane, additional, Langlois, Stéphane, additional, La Spina, Alessandro, additional, and Caltabiano, Tommaso, additional

Published
2019
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22. Effect of Blue Jets on Atmospheric Composition: Feasibility of Measurement From a Stratospheric Balloon

Author

Croizé, Laurence, Payen, Sébastien, Bureau, Jérôme, Duruisseau, Fabrice, Thiéblemont, Rémi, Huret, Nathalie, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), and GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric chemistry, QC801-809, Transient luminous events, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, LTEs, transient luminous events (TLEs), Ocean engineering, hyperspectral imagery, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, TC1501-1800, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The feasibility study of the HALESIS (High-Altitude Luminous Events Studied by Infrared Spectro-imagery) project is presented. The purpose of this experiment is to measure the atmospheric perturbation in the minutes following the occurrence of transient luminous events (TLEs) from a stratospheric balloon in the altitude range of 20-40 km. The instrumentation will include a spectro-imager embedded in a pointing gondola. Infrared signatures of a single blue jet were simulated under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), and were then compared with a panel of commercially available instrument specifications. The sensitivity of the signatures with a local perturbation of the main vibrational energy level populations of CO2, CO, NO, O3, and H2O was measured and the infrared signatures of a single blue jet taking into account non-LTE hypotheses were compared with the same panel of commercially available instrument specifications. Lastly, the feasibility of the study is discussed.

Published
2015

24. NanoCarb spaceborne miniaturized GHG sensor: first experimental results

Author

Cugny, Bruno, Sodnik, Zoran, Karafolas, Nikos, Gousset, Silvère, Rodrigo, Juana M., Le Coarer, Etienne, Ehrhardt, Hélène, Stadler, Eric, Hubert, Zoltán, Magnard, Yves, Croizé, Laurence, Ferrec, Yann, de la Barrière, Florence, Domel, Roland, Coudrain, Christophe, Gouyon, Remi, Chambon, Mathieu, Perrault, Philippe, Boussey, Jumana, Gourgon, Cécile, Panabière, Marie, and Gerges, Nadine

Published
2021
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25. NanoCarb hyperspectral sensor: on performance optimization and analysis for greenhouse gas monitoring from a constellation of small satellites.

Author

Gousset, Silvère, Croizé, Laurence, Le Coarer, Etienne, Ferrec, Yann, Rodrigo-Rodrigo, Juana, and Brooker, Laure

Abstract

NanoCarb is an innovative Fourier-transform imaging spectrometer dedicated to the measurement of CO2 and CH4. Both its unusual optical principle and sampling strategy allow to reach a compact design, ideal for small satellite constellation as investigated by the European project SCARBO. The NanoCarb performance assessment as well as a proof of concept is required in this framework. We have developed a design strategy to optimize the performances. We demonstrate the potential of the concept through an estimation of the sensitivity, compliant with the space mission target. We also present a preliminary mitigation of the bias induced by water on CO2 and CH4 retrieval, illustrating the efficiency and the flexibility of the NanoCarb partial interferogram sampling technique. The presented design reaches a sub-ppm random error for CO2 and sub-10 ppb random error for CH4, considering 128 km swath and 2 by 2 km2 ground resolution. Design optimization and more systematic performances are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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30. Etude de phénomènes lumineux transitoires par imagerie hyperspectrale embarquée à bord d'un ballon

Author

Croizé, Laurence, Payen, Sébastien, Bureau, Jérôme, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bureau, Jérôme

Subjects
TLE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], hyperspectral, ballon, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], HALESIS
Abstract

Ces vingt dernières années, la découverte des phénomènes lumineux transitoires dans la haute atmosphère (Transient Luminous Events, ou TLE) [1], et des flashs gamma d'origine terrestre (Terrestrial Gamma Flashes ou TGF) [2] a mis en lumière de nouveaux mécanismes d'interaction entre différentes parties de l'atmosphère (troposphère, stratosphère, mésosphère, ionosphère). En effet, la fréquence d'occurrence de ces phénomènes au-dessus des foyers orageux, et les énergies impliquées suggèrent l'intérêt de prendre en compte ce transfert d'énergie impulsionnelle entre la troposphère et les couches supérieures de l'atmosphère qui n'était pas fait jusqu'à présent. Ces phénomènes ont des effets non encore quantifiés qui font intervenir de nouveaux processus chimiques, effets qui pourraient avoir des implications plus larges et se manifester ailleurs dans le système solaire [3]. Le projet HALESIS (High Altitude Luminous Events Studied by Infrared Spectro-imagery) est un projet innovant qui vise à embarquer un imageur hyperspectral dans l'infrarouge moyen à bord d'un ballon stratosphérique. L'objectif de l'expérience sera de déterminer la perturbation induite par ces évènements dans les minutes qui suivent l'occurrence de ces évènements par des visées au limbe à partir d'un ballon situé typiquement à une altitude comprise entre 20 km et 40 km. La première partie de l'étude a consisté à vérifier la faisabilité de ce projet ambitieux en confrontant l'ordre de grandeur des signaux attendus aux performances de différents imageurs hyperspectraux (commerciaux ou non). F. Duruisseau et al. (LPC2E) ont simulé l'impact d'un Blue Jet sur la chimie atmosphérique à partir du modèle MIPLSAMO [4]. A partir de leurs prédictions théoriques, l'impact radiatif induit par un tel évènement isolé a été calculé. Pour cela, les radiances atmosphériques correspondant à la perturbation induite par les modifications de concentration d'O3, NO, NO2, NO+ ont été simulées (avec LBLRTM) en tenant compte des hypothèses de non équilibre thermodynamique local. Durant cet exposé, nous présenterons les résultats que nous avons obtenus, leur confrontation aux performances de l'instrumentation existante. Nous conclurons par la faisabilité de ce projet, mais également sur les défis qu'il reste à relever pour obtenir un imageur parfaitement adapté à l'expérience HALESIS. [1] Franz et al., Television image of a large upward electric discharge above a thunderstorm system, Science, 249 (1990) 48-51 [2] Fishman et al., Discovery of intense gamma-ray flashes of atmospheric origin, Science, 264 (1994) 5163 [3] Dubrovinet al., Sprite discharges on Venus and Jupiter-like planets: A laboratory investigation, J. Geophys. Res., 115 (2010) A00E34 [4] Duruisseau et al., private communication.

Published
2014

31. HALESIS projet: Hight Altitude Luminous Events Studied by Infrared Spectro-imagery

Author

Croizé, Laurence, Payan, Sébastien, Bureau, Jérôme, Duruisseau, Fabrice, Huret, Nathalie, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), and Cardon, Catherine

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; During the last two decades, the discovery of transient luminous events (TLEs) in the high atmosphere [1], as well as the observation of gamma ray flashes of terrestrial origin (Terrestrial Gamma Flashes or TGF) [2] demonstrated the existence of another interaction processes between the different atmospheric layers (troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and ionosphere). Indeed, the frequency of occurrence of these phenomena over thunderstorm cells, and the energies involved provide evidence for an impulsive energy transfer between the troposphere and the highest atmospheric layers, which was not considered before. HALESIS (High Altitude Luminous Events Studied by Infrared Spectro-imagery) is an innovative project based on hyperspectral imagery. The purpose of this experience is to measure the atmospheric perturbation in the minutes following the occurrence of Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) from a stratospheric balloon in the altitude range of 20 to 40 km. The first part of the study has been dedicated to establish the project feasibility. To do that, we have simulated spectral perturbation induced by an isolated blue jet. Theoretical predictions [3] have been used to simulate the radiative perturbation due to O3, NO, NO2, NO+ concentration induced by the blue jet. Simulations have been performed using the line by line radiative transfer model LBLRM [4] taking into account of the Non Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium hypotheses. Then, the expected signatures have been compared to the available instrumentation. During this talk, HALESIS project and the results of the feasibility study will be presented. Then, the estimated spectral signatures will be confronted with the technical capabilities of different kind of hyperspectral imagers. We will conclude on the project feasibility, but also on the challenges that lie ahead for an imager perfectly suited for experiences like HALESIS. 1. Franz R, Nemzek R, Winckler J. Television image of a large upward electrical discharge above a thunderstorm system. Science 1990,249:48-51. 2. Fishman GJ, Bhat P, Mallozzi R, Horack J, Koshut T, Kouveliotou C, et al. Discovery of intense gamma-ray flashes of atmospheric origin: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 1994. 3. Duruisseau Fabrice, Huret N. Private communication In. 4. Clough SA, Iacono MJ, Moncet JL. Line-by-line calculations of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates: Application to water vapor. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984-2012) 1992,97:15761-15785.

Published
2014

34. CO2 Thermal Infrared Signature Following a Sprite Event in the Mesosphere.

Author

Romand, Frédéric, Vialatte, Anne, Croizé, Laurence, Payan, Sébastien, and Barthélémy, Mathieu

Subjects
SPRITES (Atmospheric lightning), STRATOSPHERE, INFRARED radiation, MESOSPHERE, MOLECULAR vibration
Abstract

Sprites are a potential thermal infrared radiation source in the stratosphere and mesosphere through molecular vibrational excitation. We developed a plasma‐chemical model to compute the vibrational kinetics induced by a sprite streamer in the 40‐ to 70‐km altitude range until several tens of seconds after the visible flash is over. Then, we computed the consecutive time‐dependent thermal infrared spectra that could be observed from the stratosphere (from a balloon platform), high troposphere (from an aircraft), and low troposphere (aircraft or altitude observatory) using a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer model. Our simulations predict a strong production of CO2 in the (001) vibrational level which lasts at least 40 s before falling to background concentrations. This leads to enhanced emissions in the long‐wavelength infrared, around 1,000 cm−1, and midwavelength infrared, around 2,300 cm−1. The maximum sprite infrared signatures (sprite spectra minus background spectra) reach several 10−7 W/sr/cm2/cm−1 after propagation through the mesosphere and stratosphere, to an observer located at 20–40 km of altitude. This maximum signal is about 1 order of magnitude lower if propagated until the troposphere. From the two spectral bands, the 1,000‐cm−1 one could be detected more easily than the 2,300‐cm−1 one, which is more affected by atmospheric absorption (CO2 self‐trapping at all altitudes and H2O mostly in the troposphere). With a sufficiently sensitive instrumentation, mounted in an open stratospheric balloon platform for example, the 1,000‐cm−1 band could be detected from 20–40 km of altitude. Key Points: Sprite thermal infrared signature could reach up to 10−7 W/sr/cm2/cm−1 for an observer located in the stratosphereThe maximum signal is in the long‐wavelength infrared, around 1,000 cm−1This signature should be detectable from stratospheric balloons [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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37. CO2Thermal Infrared Signature Following a Sprite Event in the Mesosphere

Author

Romand, Frédéric, Vialatte, Anne, Croizé, Laurence, Payan, Sébastien, and Barthélémy, Mathieu

Abstract

Sprites are a potential thermal infrared radiation source in the stratosphere and mesosphere through molecular vibrational excitation. We developed a plasma‐chemical model to compute the vibrational kinetics induced by a sprite streamer in the 40‐ to 70‐km altitude range until several tens of seconds after the visible flash is over. Then, we computed the consecutive time‐dependent thermal infrared spectra that could be observed from the stratosphere (from a balloon platform), high troposphere (from an aircraft), and low troposphere (aircraft or altitude observatory) using a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer model. Our simulations predict a strong production of CO2in the (001) vibrational level which lasts at least 40 s before falling to background concentrations. This leads to enhanced emissions in the long‐wavelength infrared, around 1,000 cm−1, and midwavelength infrared, around 2,300 cm−1. The maximum sprite infrared signatures (sprite spectra minus background spectra) reach several 10−7W/sr/cm2/cm−1after propagation through the mesosphere and stratosphere, to an observer located at 20–40 km of altitude. This maximum signal is about 1 order of magnitude lower if propagated until the troposphere. From the two spectral bands, the 1,000‐cm−1one could be detected more easily than the 2,300‐cm−1one, which is more affected by atmospheric absorption (CO2self‐trapping at all altitudes and H2O mostly in the troposphere). With a sufficiently sensitive instrumentation, mounted in an open stratospheric balloon platform for example, the 1,000‐cm−1band could be detected from 20–40 km of altitude. Sprite thermal infrared signature could reach up to 10−7W/sr/cm2/cm−1for an observer located in the stratosphereThe maximum signal is in the long‐wavelength infrared, around 1,000 cm−1This signature should be detectable from stratospheric balloons

Published
2018
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40. NanoCarb spaceborne miniaturized GHG sensor: first experimental results.

Author

Gousset, Silvère, Rodrigo, Juana M., Le Coarer, Etienne, Ehrhardt, Hélène, Stadler, Eric, Hubert, Zoltán, Magnard, Yves, Croizé, Laurence, Ferrec, Yann, de la Barrière, Florence, Domel, Roland, Coudrain, Christophe, Gouyon, Remi, Chambon, Mathieu, Perrault, Philippe, Boussey, Jumana, Gourgon, Cécile, Panabière, Marie, and Gerges, Nadine

Published
2021
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41. Precise measurements of the total concentration of atmospheric CO2 and 13CO2/12CO2 isotopic ratio using a lead-salt laser diode spectrometer.

Author

Croizé, Laurence, Mondelain, Didier, Camy-Peyret, Claude, Delmotte, Marc, and Schmidt, Martina

Subjects
*SPECTRUM analysis instruments, *DIODES, *LASERS, *SPECTROMETERS, *SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments
Abstract

We have developed a tunable diode laser spectrometer, called SIMCO (spectrometer for isotopic measurements of CO2), for determining the concentrations of 12CO2 and 13CO2 in atmospheric air, from which the total concentration of CO2 and the isotopic composition (expressed in delta units) δ13CO2 are calculated. The two concentrations are measured using a pair of lines around 2290.1 cm-1, by fitting a line profile model, taking into account the confinement narrowing effect to achieve a better accuracy. Using the Allan variance, we have demonstrated (for an integration time of 25 s) a precision of 0.1 ppmv for the total CO2 concentration and of 0.3‰ for δ13CO2. The performances on atmospheric air have been tested during a 3 days campaign by comparing the SIMCO instrument with a gas chromatograph (GC) for the measurement of the total CO2 concentration and with an isotopic ratio mass spectrometer (MS) for the isotopic composition. The CO2 concentration measurements of SIMCO are in very good agreement with the GC data with a mean difference of Δ(CO2)=0.16±1.20 ppmv for a comparison period of 45 h and the linearity of the concentration between the two instruments is also very good (slope of correlation: 0.9996±0.0003) over the range between 380 and 415 ppmv. For δ13CO2, the comparison with the MS data shows a larger mean difference of Δ(δ13CO2)=(-1.9±1.2)‰, which could be partly related to small residual fluctuations of the overall SIMCO instrument response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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46. Precise measurements of the total concentration of atmospheric CO2 and 13CO2/12CO2 isotopic ratio using a lead-salt laser diode spectrometer.

Author

Croizé L, Mondelain D, Camy-Peyret C, Delmotte M, and Schmidt M

Abstract

We have developed a tunable diode laser spectrometer, called SIMCO (spectrometer for isotopic measurements of CO(2)), for determining the concentrations of (12)CO(2) and (13)CO(2) in atmospheric air, from which the total concentration of CO(2) and the isotopic composition (expressed in delta units) delta(13)CO(2) are calculated. The two concentrations are measured using a pair of lines around 2290.1 cm(-1), by fitting a line profile model, taking into account the confinement narrowing effect to achieve a better accuracy. Using the Allan variance, we have demonstrated (for an integration time of 25 s) a precision of 0.1 ppmv for the total CO(2) concentration and of 0.3[per thousand] for delta(13)CO(2). The performances on atmospheric air have been tested during a 3 days campaign by comparing the SIMCO instrument with a gas chromatograph (GC) for the measurement of the total CO(2) concentration and with an isotopic ratio mass spectrometer (MS) for the isotopic composition. The CO(2) concentration measurements of SIMCO are in very good agreement with the GC data with a mean difference of Delta(CO(2))=0.16+/-1.20 ppmv for a comparison period of 45 h and the linearity of the concentration between the two instruments is also very good (slope of correlation: 0.9996+/-0.0003) over the range between 380 and 415 ppmv. For delta(13)CO(2), the comparison with the MS data shows a larger mean difference of Delta(delta(13)CO(2))=(-1.9+/-1.2)[per thousand], which could be partly related to small residual fluctuations of the overall SIMCO instrument response.

Published
2008
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