140 results on '"Crockford, C."'
Search Results
2. Cortisol and oxytocin show independent activity during chimpanzee intergroup conflict
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Samuni, L., Preis, A., Deschner, T., Wittig, R.M., and Crockford, C.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Social bonds facilitate cooperative resource sharing in wild chimpanzees
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Samuni, L., Preis, A., Mielke, A., Deschner, T., Wittig, R. M., and Crockford, C.
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- 2018
4. Urinary oxytocin levels in relation to post-conflict affiliations in wild male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus)
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Preis, Anna, Samuni, L., Mielke, A., Deschner, T., Crockford, C., and Wittig, R.M.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Conservation Values and Risk of Handling Bats: Implications for One Health Communication
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Crockford, C. N., Dean, A. J., Reid, S., and Dean, J. H.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Sourcing high tissue quality brains from deceased wild primates with known socio-ecology
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Gräßle, T., Crockford, C., Eichner, C., Girard-Buttoz, C., Jäger, C., Kirilina, E., Lipp, I., Düx, A., Edwards, L., Jauch, A., Kopp, K., Paquette, M., Pine, K., Haun, D., McElreath, R., Anwander, A., Gunz, P., Morawski, M., Friederici, A., Weiskopf, N., Leendertz, F., Wittig, R., and EBC Consortium
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Ecological Modeling ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The selection pressures that drove dramatic encephalisation processes through the mammal lineage remain elusive, as does knowledge of brain structure reorganisation through this process. In particular, considerable structural brain changes are present across the primate lineage, culminating in the complex human brain that allows for unique behaviours such as language and sophisticated tool use. To understand this evolution, a diverse sample set of humans' closest relatives with varying socio-ecologies is needed. However, current brain banks predominantly curate brains from primates that died in zoological gardens. We try to address this gap by establishing a field pipeline mitigating the challenges associated with brain extractions of wild primates in their natural habitat. The success of our approach is demonstrated by our ability to acquire a novel brain sample of deceased primates with highly variable socio-ecological exposure and a particular focus on wild chimpanzees. Methods in acquiring brain tissue from wild settings are comprehensively explained, highlighting the feasibility of conducting brain extraction procedures under strict biosafety measures by trained veterinarians in field sites. Brains are assessed at a fine-structural level via high-resolution MRI and state-of-the-art histology. Analyses confirm that excellent tissue quality of primate brains sourced in the field can be achieved with a comparable tissue quality of brains acquired from zoo-living primates. Our field methods are noninvasive, here defined as not harming living animals, and may be applied to other mammal systems than primates. In sum, the field protocol and methodological pipeline validated here pose a major advance for assessing the influence of socio-ecology on medium to large mammal brains, at both macro- and microstructural levels as well as aiding with the functional annotation of brain regions and neuronal pathways via specific behaviour assessments.
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- 2023
7. Sourcing high tissue quality brains from deceased wild primates with known socio‐ecology (advance online)
- Author
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Gräßle, T., Crockford, C., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6597-5106, Eichner, C., Girard-Buttoz, C., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1742-4400, Jäger, C., Kirilina, E., Lipp, I., Düx, A., Edwards, L., Jauch, A., Kopp, K., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8414-3193, Paquette, M., Pine, K., Haun, D., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-645X, McElreath, R., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5377, Anwander, A., Gunz, P., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-4450, Morawski, M., Friederici, A., Weiskopf, N., Leendertz, F., Wittig, R., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-4031, and EBC Consortium
- Abstract
The selection pressures that drove dramatic encephalisation processes through the mammal lineage remain elusive, as does knowledge of brain structure reorganisation through this process. In particular, considerable structural brain changes are present across the primate lineage, culminating in the complex human brain that allows for unique behaviours such as language and sophisticated tool use. To understand this evolution, a diverse sample set of humans' closest relatives with varying socio-ecologies is needed. However, current brain banks predominantly curate brains from primates that died in zoological gardens. We try to address this gap by establishing a field pipeline mitigating the challenges associated with brain extractions of wild primates in their natural habitat.The success of our approach is demonstrated by our ability to acquire a novel brain sample of deceased primates with highly variable socio-ecological exposure and a particular focus on wild chimpanzees. Methods in acquiring brain tissue from wild settings are comprehensively explained, highlighting the feasibility of conducting brain extraction procedures under strict biosafety measures by trained veterinarians in field sites.Brains are assessed at a fine-structural level via high-resolution MRI and state-of-the-art histology. Analyses confirm that excellent tissue quality of primate brains sourced in the field can be achieved with a comparable tissue quality of brains acquired from zoo-living primates.Our field methods are noninvasive, here defined as not harming living animals, and may be applied to other mammal systems than primates. In sum, the field protocol and methodological pipeline validated here pose a major advance for assessing the influence of socio-ecology on medium to large mammal brains, at both macro- and microstructural levels as well as aiding with the functional annotation of brain regions and neuronal pathways via specific behaviour assessments
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- 2023
8. Slow development of vocal sequences through ontogeny in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) (advance online)
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Bortolato, T., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-6357, Mundry, R., Wittig, R., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-4031, Girard-Buttoz, C., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1742-4400, Crockford, C., and https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6597-5106
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- 2022
9. Does one size fit all? Reconstructing crossing fibers in diffusion MRI using spherical deconvolution with local response functions
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Eichner, C., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5611-6748, Paquette, M., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-3391, Gerbeth, H., Jäger, C., Bock, C., Gallardo, G., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-1316, Möller, T., Crockford, C., Wittig, R., Weiskopf, N., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-1881, Friederici, A., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-865X, Anwander, A., and https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4861-4808
- Abstract
We present Local Spherical Deconvolution (LSD), a diffusion MRI deconvolution method to reconstruct crossing fiber directions in the brain. In contrast to previous approaches which assumed a single deconvolution kernel for the entire brain, LSD utilizes information theory to identify an optimal kernel in each image voxel. Using a high-resolution post-mortem chimpanzee brain, we show that fibers are reconstructed with LSD with increased precision and a reduced number of false peaks compared to conventional methods. A test-retest analysis supports the stability and accuracy of LSD.
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- 2022
10. Urinary oxytocin and social bonding in related and unrelated wild chimpanzees
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Crockford, C., Wittig, R. M., Langergraber, K., Ziegler, T. E., Zuberbühler, K., and Deschner, T.
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- 2013
- Full Text
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11. High angular resolution susceptibility and diffusion imaging in post mortem chimpanzee brain: Tensor characteristics and similarities
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Gkotsoulias, D., Metere, R., Su, Y., Eichner, C., Schlumm, T., Müller, R., Anwander, A., Mildner, T., Jäger, C., Pampel, A., Crockford, C., Wittig, R., Samuni, L., Pleh, K., Liu, C., and Möller, H.
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- 2021
12. High-resolution post-mortem diffusion MRI acquisitions for connectivity analyses in chimpanzees
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Eichner, C., Paquette, M., Gallardo, G., Bock, C., Jaffe, J., Jäger, C., Kirilina, E., Lipp, I., Mildner, T., Schlumm, T., Wermter, F., Möller, H., Weiskopf, N., Crockford, C., Wittig, R., Friederici, A., and Anwander, A.
- Published
- 2021
13. Early maternal loss affects diurnal cortisol slopes in immature but not mature wild chimpanzees
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Girard-Buttoz, C., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1742-4400, Tkaczynski, P., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3207-2132, Samuni, L., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7957-6050, Fedurekt, P., Gomes, C., Löhrich, T., Manin, V., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-9284, Preis, A., Valé, P., Deschner, T., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9873-316X, Wittig, R., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-4031, Crockford, C., and https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6597-5106
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endocrine system - Abstract
In mammals, early life adversity negatively affects survival and reproductive success. A key causal mechanism is proposed by the biological embedding model which posits that adversity experienced early in life has deleterious consequences on individual physiology across the lifespan. In particular, early life adversity is expected to be a severe stressor leading to long-term alteration of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Here we tested this idea by assessing whether, as in humans, maternal loss had short and long-term impacts on orphan chimpanzee urinary cortisol levels and diurnal urinary cortisol slopes, as an indicator of the HPA axis functioning. We used 18 years of data on 50 immature and 28 mature male wild chimpanzees belonging to four communities in Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Immature orphans who experienced early maternal loss had diurnal cortisol slopes characterised by higher early morning and late afternoon cortisol levels indicative of high activation of the HPA axis. Recently orphaned immatures had higher cortisol levels than other immatures, possibly reflecting social and nutritional stress. However, unlike in humans, we did not find significantly different cortisol profiles in orphan and non-orphan adult male chimpanzees. Our study highlights that long-term alteration of stress physiology related to early life adversity may not be viable in some wild animal populations and/or that chimpanzees, as humans, may have access to mechanisms that buffer this physiological stress, such as adoption. Our results suggest that biological embedding of altered HPA axis function is unlikely to be a mechanism contributing to the demonstrated long-term fitness consequences of maternal loss, such as reduced reproductive success, in wild long-lived mammals.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.
- Published
- 2021
14. Sensitivity gain from multi-echo acquisitions in ex-vivo diffusion imaging: Numerical simulations and experimental verification
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Eichner, C., Paquette, M., Mildner, T., Schlumm, T., Crockford, C., Wittig, R., Jäger, C., Morawski, M., Möller, H., Friederici, A., and Anwander, A.
- Abstract
Ex-vivo dMRI acquisitions achieve very high resolutions from increased SNR at the cost of prolonged scan times. Due to highly-segmented acquisition strategies, the ex-vivo dMRI signal is often not fully decayed when signal encoding progresses. Using numerical simulations and real-dMRI data from a wild chimpanzee, we show that this circumstance can be effectively employed using an optimized noise informed combination of multi-echo acquisitions from segmented EPI trains. The additional sampling comes at a small price and leads to increased SNR and a general reduction of signal bias.
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- 2020
15. Why does the chimpanzee vocal repertoire remain poorly understood? - and what can be done about it
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Crockford, C. and https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6597-5106
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- 2019
16. Return to theatre following colorectal resection: administrative data may not be sufficient for Clinical Governance: Surgical Audit 0008
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Pearson, K., Orchard, M., Crockford, C., and Gore, D.
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- 2012
17. Intergroup Competition Enhances Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) In-group Cohesion
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Samuni, L., primary, Mielke, A., additional, Preis, A., additional, Crockford, C., additional, and Wittig, R. M., additional
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Multi-echo segmented diffusion-weighted MRI for ex-vivo whole-brain measurements with 300mT/m gradients
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Eichner, C., Mildner, T., Paquette, M., Schlumm, T., Crockford, C., Wittig, R., Kirilina, E., Jäger, C., Möller, H., Weiskopf, N., Friederici, A., and Anwander, A.
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nervous system ,equipment and supplies - Abstract
We provide a novel method to increase SNR of segmented diffusion-weighted EPI acquisitions. Multiple gradient echoes were acquired after each diffusion-preparation and combined in an SNR-optimized way using weightings from quantitative T2* maps. The combination of diffusion-weighted echoes yielded an SNR-gain of 58% compared to single-echo dMRI data with an increase in the segmented readout duration by only 23.1 ms. The multi-echo diffusion MRI acquisition and combination were employed to acquire high-quality ex-vivo diffusion-weighted MRI data from a wild chimpanzee brain.
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- 2019
19. Why Taï mangabeys do not use tools to crack nuts like sympatric-living chimpanzees: a cognitive limitation on monkey feeding ecology
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Janmaat, K.R.L., Byrne, R., Boesch, C., Wittig, R., Crockford, C., Vigilant, L., Deschner, T., Leendertz, F., and Evolutionary and Population Biology (IBED, FNWI)
- Abstract
Nuts are high in energetic and nutritional value, but the kernel inside is difficult to access. In the Taï forest, it is estimated that chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) can eat 6–10 times as many nuts with the help of a tool as to when they crack them with their own teeth. However, sympatric-living terrestrial monkeys never crack nuts using tools. So this begs the question, why not? In this chapter, we report on the foraging behaviour of the sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys atys). A quick synopsis goes as follows: they observe nut-cracking chimpanzees at a distance of 5–10 metres, relish in the leftovers of the freshly cracked nuts, and then continue to follow the chimpanzees to different nut-cracking sites. With this information, we go on to consider the underlying reasons for the absence of nut-cracking in sooty mangabeys, with a particular focus on cognitive limitations, and then discuss the implications of field observations for studies on imitation in the laboratory.
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- 2019
20. Temporal cognition in Taï chimpanzees
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Janmaat, K.R.L., Boesch, C., Wittig, R., Crockford, C., Vigilant, L., Deschner, T., Leendertz, F., and Evolutionary and Population Biology (IBED, FNWI)
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Consumption (economics) ,biology ,Sympatric speciation ,biology.animal ,Cognitive flexibility ,Flexibility (personality) ,Primate ,Social complexity ,Cognition ,Food scarcity ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Despite appealing support for theories that argue that social complexity is the main force driving primate brain-size evolution, it is still unclear how great apes were able to afford the evolution of larger and more expensive brains than sympatric species. Comparative phylogenetic studies suggest that the costs of evolutionary brain enlargement were overcome by a permanent increase in net energy intake, renewing interest in the role of ecological complexity in primate brain-size evolution. As relatively larger-brained primates, like chimpanzees, show less seasonality in their net energy intake than smaller-brained species, larger brains are proposed to provide a ‘cognitive behavioural flexibility’ that facilitates the consumption of nutritious foods during periods of food scarcity (cognitive buffer hypothesis). To date, it remains unclear what this cognitive flexibility entails. In this chapter, I will provide evidence for a variety of mechanisms of temporal cognition that chimpanzees employ to gain first access to newly ripened, energy-rich fruit in a competitive and complex rainforest environment.
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- 2019
21. Call type signals caller goal: A new take on ultimate and proximate influences in vocal production
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Schamberg, I., Wittig, R., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-4031, Crockford, C., and https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6597-5106
- Abstract
After 40 years of debate it remains unclear whether signallers produce vocalizations in order to provide receivers with information about call context or external stimuli. This has led some researchers to propose that call production is arousal‐ or affect‐based. Although arousal influences certain acoustic parameters within a call type, we argue that it cannot explain why individuals across vertebrates produce different call types. Given emerging evidence that calls are goal‐based, we argue that call type is a signal of a caller's goal to elicit a change in receiver behaviour. Using chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) as case studies, we demonstrate the two benefits of viewing call production as signalling both caller goal (which determines call type) and caller arousal (which affects within‐call‐type variation). Such a framework can explain first, why a single class of calls is apparently given in multiple contexts, and, second, why some species have larger call repertoires than others. Previous studies have noted links between sociality and repertoire size, but have not specified exactly why animals living in societies that are more complex might require a greater number of differentiated signals. The caller‐goal framework potentially clarifies how social complexity might favour call diversification. As social complexity increases, callers may need to elicit a larger number of distinct behaviours from a wider range of distinct audiences.
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- 2018
22. Genetic risk for neurodegenerative disorders, and its overlap with cognitive ability and physical function
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Hagenaars, Sp, Radaković, R, Crockford, C, Fawns-Ritchie, C, Gale, Cr, Deary, Ij, J B, J Kwok, Dobson-Stone, C, R Schofield, P, Gmhalliday, R Hodges, J, Piguet, O, Bartley, L, Thompson, E, Hernaândez, I, Ruiz, A, Mboada, Borroni, B, Padovani, A, Cruchaga, C, J Cairns, N, Benussi, L, Binetti, G, Ghidoni, R, Forloni, G, Albani, D, Galimberti, D, Fenoglio, C, Serpente, M, Scarpini, E, Clarimoân, J, Lleoâ, A, Blesa, R, Mlandqvist, Waldoè, Nilsson, K, Nilsson, C, I R, A Mackenzie, G-Y, R Hsiung, Dma, Mann, Grafman, J, Cmmorris, Attems, J, D Griffiths, T, G McKeith, I, J Thomas, A, Pietrini, P, D Huey, E, Emwassermann, Baborie, A, Jaros, E, Tierney, Mc, Pastor, P, Razquin, C, Ortega-Cubero, S, Alonso, E, Perneczky, R, Diehl-Schmid, J, Alexopoulos, P, Kurz, A, Rainero, I, Rubino, E, Pinessi, L, Rogaeva, E, P St George-Hyslop, Rossi, G, Tagliavini, F, Giaccone, G, B Rowe, J, Cmschlachetzki, J, Uphill, J, Collinge, J, Mead, S, Danek, A, Vmvan, Deerlin, Mgrossman, Q Trojanowski, J, J van der Zee, C Van Broeckhoven, F Cappa, S, Leber, I, Hannequin, D, Golfier, V, Mvercelletto, Brice, A, Nacmias, B, Sorbi, S, Bagnoli, S, Piaceri, I, E Nielsen, J, E Hjermind, L, Mriemenschneider, Mmayhaus, Ibach, B, Gasparoni, G, Pichler, S, Wgu, Rossor, Mn, C Fox, N, D Warren, J, Spillantini, Mg, R Morris, H, Rizzu, P, Heutink, P, S Snowden, J, Rollinson, S, Richardson, A, Gerhard, A, C Bruni, A, Maletta, R, Frangipane, F, Cupidi, C, Bernardi, L, Manfossi, Mgallo, Conidi, Me, Smirne, N, Rademakers, R, Baker, M, Dwdickson, R Graff-Radford, N, C Petersen, R, Knopman, D, A Josephs, K, F Boeve, B, E Parisi, J, Wwseeley, L Miller, B, Amkarydas, Rosen, H, C van Swieten, J, E G, P Dopper, Seelaar, H, Y A, L Pijnenburg, Scheltens, P, Logroscino, G, Capozzo, R, Novelli, V, A Puca, A, Franceschi, M, Postiglione, A, Milan, G, Sorrentino, P, Mkristiansen, H-H, Chiang, Graff, C, Pasquier, F, Rollin, A, Deramecourt, V, Lebouvier, T, Kapogiannis, D, Ferrucci, L, Pickering-Brown, S, B Singleton, A, Hardy, J, and Momeni., P
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Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ,Disease ,Physical function ,Alzheimer's Disease ,Biochemistry ,Motor Neuron Diseases ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Learning and Memory ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all) ,Forced Expiratory Volume ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,Genetic risk ,Cognitive Impairment ,0303 health sciences ,Cognitive Neurology ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,Middle Aged ,Mental Status and Dementia Tests ,Neurology ,Frontotemporal Dementia ,Clinical psychology ,Frontotemporal dementia ,Research Article ,Adult ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,Memory ,Alzheimer Disease ,Mental Health and Psychiatry ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Genetics ,Humans ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Muscle Strength ,Genetic Association Studies ,030304 developmental biology ,Aged ,business.industry ,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ,Biology and Life Sciences ,medicine.disease ,United Kingdom ,Physical Fitness ,Genetics of Disease ,Cognitive Science ,Polygenic risk score ,Dementia ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
INTRODUCTIONIt is unclear whether polygenic risk for neurodegenerative disease is associated with cognitive performance and physical health.METHODSThis study tested whether polygenic scores for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), or frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are associated with cognitive performance and physical health. Group-based analyses were performed to compare associations with cognitive and physical function outcomes in the top and bottom 10% for the three neurodegenerative polygenic risk scores.RESULTSHigher polygenic risk scores for AD, ALS, and FTD were associated with lower cognitive performance. Higher polygenic risk scores for FTD was also associated with increased forced expiratory volume in 1s and peak expiratory flow. A significant group difference was observed on the symbol digit substitution task between individuals with high polygenic risk for FTD and high polygenic risk for ALS.DISCUSSIONOur results suggest overlap between polygenic risk for neurodegenerative disorders, cognitive function and physical health.
- Published
- 2018
23. Conservation values and risk of handling bats: Implications for one health communication
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Crockford, C., Dean, Angela, Reid, Simon, Dean, Julie, Crockford, C., Dean, Angela, Reid, Simon, and Dean, Julie
- Abstract
Flying-foxes provide critical ecosystem services, but their role as hosts to zoonotic pathogens may undermine conservation support. We surveyed 214 residents of Cairns, Australia, regarding their perceptions about health risks associated with flying-foxes and support for flying-fox conservation. Greater likelihood of handling a flying-fox was associated with lower knowledge about risks, greater conservation support, and environmental organization membership. Respondents less likely to seek medical attention after a minor scratch tended to be younger, unemployed and perceive lower risk. Individuals who support flying-fox conservation should be one group targeted in One Health communication integrating health and conservation messages. Keywords Flying-foxes, Zoonoses, One Health, Risk perception, Benefit perception, Conservation values
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- 2018
24. Phonetische und korpus-linguistische Methoden bei der Analyse vokaler Kommunikation von freilebenden Schimpansen im Tai National Forest
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Grawunder, S., Uomini, N., and Crockford, C.
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- 2017
25. 13SAFE2SCREEN - can patient initiated kiosk-based self-screening provide an opportunity to identify atrial fibrillation within a GP waiting room environment?
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Crockford, C, primary, Mitchell, A, additional, Kaba, R, additional, Rudland, S, additional, Fay, M, additional, and Nangalia, V, additional
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- 2017
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26. Chimpanzees Distinguish Acoustically Similar Alert Hoos from Resting Hoos
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Crockford, C (Crockford, Catherine)[ 1 ], Wittig, R (Wittig, Roman)[ 1 ], Zuberbuhler, K (Zuberbuehler, Klaus)[ 2 ], Crockford, C (Crockford, Catherine)[ 1 ], Wittig, R (Wittig, Roman)[ 1 ], Zuberbuhler, K (Zuberbuehler, and Klaus)[ 2 ]
- Published
- 2013
27. Devices & Sudden death31Quadripolar left ventricular leads should be the gold standard in crt due to efficacy and cost effectiveness: an analysis from a multi-centre uk registry32Cardiac computed tomography is a feasible imaging modality for pre procedural planning in patients undergoing upgrade from pacemakers to CRT33Derivation and external validation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy response score34Generation and validation of transformation coefficients to reconstruct 12-lead electrocardiograms from 3 subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator electrodes35Risk stratification of sudden cardiac death: positive evaluation of novel surface electrocardiogram biomarkers in a brugada syndrome cohort36The real world cost of cardiac implantable electronic device transvenous extractions37Advances in technology for rapid and reliable ecg acquisition38Excellent symptom rhythm correlation in patients with palpitations using a novel smartphone based event recorder39Differential ventricular repolarisation responses during sympathetic surge versus sustained sympathetic stimulation–in vivo evidence from humans40Approaching a fluro free daily life ep lab41Development and validation of the cardiff cardiac ablation prom (C-CAP) for patients with symptomatic cardiac arrhythmias42The changing tide of novel oral anti-coagulant use in england
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Behar, J.M., primary, Providência, R., primary, Cronbach, P.L., primary, Siddiqui, S., primary, Brough, C.E.P., primary, Ara, F.A., primary, Newham, W.G., primary, Ng, F.S., primary, Ayala-Paredes, F., primary, Withers, K.L., primary, Hayward, C., primary, Chin, H.M.S., additional, Fearn, S., additional, Omerod, J., additional, Gamble, J., additional, Foley, P.W.X., additional, Bostock, J., additional, Claridge, S., additional, Jackson, T., additional, Sohal, M., additional, Razavi, R., additional, Betts, T.R., additional, Herring, N., additional, Rinaldi, C.A., additional, Pourmorteza, A., additional, McVeigh, E., additional, Niederer, S., additional, Preston, R., additional, Carr-White, G., additional, Rajani, R., additional, Boveda, S., additional, Defaye, P., additional, Barra, S., additional, Babu, G., additional, Ang, R., additional, Algalarrondo, V., additional, Bouzeman, A., additional, Ahsan, S., additional, Deharo, JC., additional, Sporton, S., additional, Segal, O., additional, Klug, D., additional, Lambiase, P., additional, Sadoul, N., additional, Agarwal, S., additional, Piot, O., additional, Chow, A., additional, Périer, M.C., additional, Fauchier, L., additional, Babuty, D., additional, Lowe, M., additional, Leclercq, C., additional, Bordachar, P., additional, Marijon, E., additional, Wilson, D.G., additional, Panfilo, D., additional, Greenhut, S.E., additional, Stegemann, B., additional, Morgan, J.M., additional, Nicolson, W.B., additional, Li, A., additional, Behr, E.R., additional, Ng, G.A., additional, Raman, G., additional, Belchambers, S., additional, Rao, A., additional, Wright, D.J., additional, John, I., additional, Crockford, C., additional, Kaba, R.A., additional, Begg, G.A., additional, Tayebjee, M.H., additional, Leong, K.M.W., additional, Hu, M.K., additional, Kanapeckaite, L., additional, Roney, C.H., additional, Lim, P.B., additional, Harding, S.E., additional, Peters, N.S., additional, Varnava, A., additional, Kanagaratnam, P., additional, Roux, J-F, additional, Badra, M., additional, White, J., additional, Lencioni, M., additional, Carolan-Rees, G., additional, Patrick, H., additional, Griffith, M., additional, Patel, H., additional, Spiesshoefer, J., additional, Morley-Smith, A., additional, Patel, K., additional, Rosen, S., additional, DiMario, C., additional, Lyon, A., additional, and Cowie, M., additional
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- 2015
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28. Chemical shift anisotropy amplification RID E-3893-2010 RID F-8262-2010
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Shao, Lm, Crockford, C, Geen, H, Grasso, Giuseppe, and Titman, Jj
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- 2004
29. MODERATED POSTERS, SESSION 1, HRC 2013
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Riley, G., primary, Hopkins, S., additional, Piccini, I., additional, Brown, N., additional, Fabritz, L., additional, Kirchhof, P., additional, Raju, H., additional, Bevan, S., additional, Sheppard, M. N., additional, Behr, E. R., additional, Ng, F. S., additional, Sulkin, M. S., additional, Peters, N. S., additional, Efimov, I. R., additional, Vanheusden, F. J., additional, Li, X., additional, Chu, G. S., additional, Almeida, T. P., additional, Schlindwein, F. S., additional, Ng, G. A., additional, Crockford, C. J., additional, Ahmed, O., additional, Kaba, R., additional, Berry, R., additional, Dhillon, O. S., additional, Ullah, W., additional, Hunter, R., additional, Lovell, M., additional, Dhinoja, M., additional, Sporton, S., additional, Earley, M. J., additional, Diab, I. G., additional, Schilling, R. J., additional, Goonewardene, M., additional, Heck, P. M., additional, Begley, D. A., additional, Fynn, S., additional, Virdee, M., additional, Grace, A., additional, Agarwal, S. C., additional, Wilson, D. G., additional, Ahmed, N., additional, Nolan, R., additional, French, A., additional, Frontera, A., additional, Duncan, E. R., additional, and Thomas, G., additional
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- 2013
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30. Investigation of Radio Noise from Existing Lines and Equipment to Aid in the Design or Future Extra-High-Voltage Lines.
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Taylor, F. L., Crockford, C. J., and Nicolson, R. V.
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- 1957
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31. Two-dimensional MAS-NMR spectra which correlate fast and slow magic angle spinning sideband patterns
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Crockford, C., Geen, H., and Titman, J. J.
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- 2001
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32. Oxytocin and cortisol concentrations in urine and saliva in response to physical exercise in humans.
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Wirobski G, Crockford C, Deschner T, and Neumann ID
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Heart Rate physiology, Middle Aged, Oxytocin urine, Oxytocin metabolism, Oxytocin analysis, Hydrocortisone urine, Hydrocortisone metabolism, Hydrocortisone analysis, Saliva chemistry, Saliva metabolism, Exercise physiology, Running physiology
- Abstract
Background: While peripheral markers of endogenous oxytocin and glucocorticoid release are widely employed in psychological and behavioural research, there remains uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of saliva and urine samples in accurately capturing fluctuating hormone levels in response to relevant stimuli. In addition, it is unclear whether and under which conditions, urinary concentrations correlate with salivary levels of oxytocin and cortisol., Methods: In the present study, two groups of healthy adult male and female participants (N=43) provided heart rate, saliva, and urine samples before and after exercising at different durations and intensities (3 ×10 min of running vs. 60 min of running). Effects of age, gender, cycle phase, and previous running experience were considered in the statistical analyses. Concentrations of oxytocin and cortisol were analysed in both saliva, and urine using validated assays., Results: Runners of both groups had significantly increased oxytocin concentrations in urine and saliva after running than before. Oxytocin in saliva was elevated after 10 min and peaked after 30 min of running. Only participants of the long-running group showed an increase in urinary cortisol concentrations following exercise (and only after 90 min of stimulus onset), and neither group had a significant increase in salivary cortisol levels. Oxytocin rise in urine and saliva from basal to post-run was strongly and significantly correlated, as was cortisol rise from basal to post-rest, but no correlations between absolute hormone concentrations were found for oxytocin., Conclusions: Our results show that both urine and saliva are useful body fluids that can provide meaningful results when measuring oxytocin and cortisol concentrations after a physical stimulus. While temporal resolution may be better with salivary sampling as higher sampling frequency is possible, signal strength and robustness were better in urinary samples. Importantly, we report a strong correlation between the magnitude of change in oxytocin and cortisol concentrations in urine and saliva following physical exercise, but no correlations between absolute oxytocin concentrations in the two substrates., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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33. Chaos and COSMOS-Considerations on QSM methods with multiple and single orientations and effects from local anisotropy.
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Gkotsoulias DG, Jäger C, Müller R, Gräßle T, Olofsson KM, Møller T, Unwin S, Crockford C, Wittig RM, Bilgic B, and Möller HE
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- Anisotropy, Animals, Pan troglodytes, Brain Mapping methods, White Matter diagnostic imaging, Nonlinear Dynamics, Reproducibility of Results, Brain diagnostic imaging, Algorithms, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Artifacts
- Abstract
Purpose: Field-to-susceptibility inversion in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is ill-posed and needs numerical stabilization through either regularization or oversampling by acquiring data at three or more object orientations. Calculation Of Susceptibility through Multiple Orientations Sampling (COSMOS) is an established oversampling approach and regarded as QSM gold standard. It achieves a well-conditioned inverse problem, requiring rotations by 0°, 60° and 120° in the yz-plane. However, this is impractical in vivo, where head rotations are typically restricted to a range of ±25°. Non-ideal sampling degrades the conditioning with residual streaking artifacts whose mitigation needs further regularization. Moreover, susceptibility anisotropy in white matter is not considered in the COSMOS model, which may introduce additional bias. The current work presents a thorough investigation of these effects in primate brain., Methods: Gradient-recalled echo (GRE) data of an entire fixed chimpanzee brain were acquired at 7 T (350 μm resolution, 10 orientations) including ideal COSMOS sampling and realistic rotations in vivo. Comparisons of the results included ideal COSMOS, in-vivo feasible acquisitions with 3-8 orientations and single-orientation iLSQR QSM., Results: In-vivo feasible and optimal COSMOS yielded high-quality susceptibility maps with increased SNR resulting from averaging multiple acquisitions. COSMOS reconstructions from non-ideal rotations about a single axis required additional L2-regularization to mitigate residual streaking artifacts., Conclusion: In view of unconsidered anisotropy effects, added complexity of the reconstruction, and the general challenge of multi-orientation acquisitions, advantages of sub-optimal COSMOS schemes over regularized single-orientation QSM appear limited in in-vivo settings., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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34. Detailed mapping of the complex fiber structure and white matter pathways of the chimpanzee brain.
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Eichner C, Paquette M, Müller-Axt C, Bock C, Budinger E, Gräßle T, Jäger C, Kirilina E, Lipp I, Morawski M, Rusch H, Wenk P, Weiskopf N, Wittig RM, Crockford C, Friederici AD, and Anwander A
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- Animals, Male, Neural Pathways anatomy & histology, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Female, Brain Mapping methods, Pan troglodytes anatomy & histology, White Matter diagnostic imaging, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain anatomy & histology, Connectome methods
- Abstract
Long-standing questions about human brain evolution may only be resolved through comparisons with close living evolutionary relatives, such as chimpanzees. This applies in particular to structural white matter (WM) connectivity, which continuously expanded throughout evolution. However, due to legal restrictions on chimpanzee research, neuroscience research currently relies largely on data with limited detail or on comparisons with evolutionarily distant monkeys. Here, we present a detailed magnetic resonance imaging resource to study structural WM connectivity in the chimpanzee. This open-access resource contains (1) WM reconstructions of a postmortem chimpanzee brain, using the highest-quality diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data yet acquired from great apes; (2) an optimized and validated method for high-quality fiber orientation reconstructions; and (3) major fiber tract segmentations for cross-species morphological comparisons. This dataset enabled us to identify phylogenetically relevant details of the chimpanzee connectome, and we anticipate that it will substantially contribute to understanding human brain evolution., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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35. Protracted development of stick tool use skills extends into adulthood in wild western chimpanzees.
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Malherbe M, Samuni L, Ebel SJ, Kopp KS, Crockford C, and Wittig RM
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- Animals, Female, Male, Cote d'Ivoire, Cognition physiology, Feeding Behavior physiology, Pan troglodytes physiology, Tool Use Behavior physiology, Hand Strength physiology
- Abstract
Tool use is considered a driving force behind the evolution of brain expansion and prolonged juvenile dependency in the hominin lineage. However, it remains rare across animals, possibly due to inherent constraints related to manual dexterity and cognitive abilities. In our study, we investigated the ontogeny of tool use in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), a species known for its extensive and flexible tool use behavior. We observed 70 wild chimpanzees across all ages and analyzed 1,460 stick use events filmed in the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire during the chimpanzee attempts to retrieve high-nutrient, but difficult-to-access, foods. We found that chimpanzees increasingly utilized hand grips employing more than 1 independent digit as they matured. Such hand grips emerged at the age of 2, became predominant and fully functional at the age of 6, and ubiquitous at the age of 15, enhancing task accuracy. Adults adjusted their hand grip based on the specific task at hand, favoring power grips for pounding actions and intermediate grips that combine power and precision, for others. Highly protracted development of suitable actions to acquire hidden (i.e., larvae) compared to non-hidden (i.e., nut kernel) food was evident, with adult skill levels achieved only after 15 years, suggesting a pronounced cognitive learning component to task success. The prolonged time required for cognitive assimilation compared to neuromotor control points to selection pressure favoring the retention of learning capacities into adulthood., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Malherbe et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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36. Selective deforestation and exposure of African wildlife to bat-borne viruses.
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Fedurek P, Asiimwe C, Rice GK, Akankwasa WJ, Reynolds V, Hobaiter C, Kityo R, Muhanguzi G, Zuberbühler K, Crockford C, Cer RZ, Bennett AJ, Rothman JM, Bishop-Lilly KA, and Goldberg TL
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- Animals, Uganda, Feces virology, Colobus virology, Viruses isolation & purification, Viruses genetics, Viruses classification, Pan troglodytes virology, Chiroptera virology, Animals, Wild virology, Conservation of Natural Resources
- Abstract
Proposed mechanisms of zoonotic virus spillover often posit that wildlife transmission and amplification precede human outbreaks. Between 2006 and 2012, the palm Raphia farinifera, a rich source of dietary minerals for wildlife, was nearly extirpated from Budongo Forest, Uganda. Since then, chimpanzees, black-and-white colobus, and red duiker were observed feeding on bat guano, a behavior not previously observed. Here we show that guano consumption may be a response to dietary mineral scarcity and may expose wildlife to bat-borne viruses. Videos from 2017-2019 recorded 839 instances of guano consumption by the aforementioned species. Nutritional analysis of the guano revealed high concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus. Metagenomic analyses of the guano identified 27 eukaryotic viruses, including a novel betacoronavirus. Our findings illustrate how "upstream" drivers such as socioeconomics and resource extraction can initiate elaborate chains of causation, ultimately increasing virus spillover risk., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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37. Brain structure and function: a multidisciplinary pipeline to study hominoid brain evolution.
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Friederici AD, Wittig RM, Anwander A, Eichner C, Gräßle T, Jäger C, Kirilina E, Lipp I, Düx A, Edwards LJ, Girard-Buttoz C, Jauch A, Kopp KS, Paquette M, Pine KJ, Unwin S, Haun DBM, Leendertz FH, McElreath R, Morawski M, Gunz P, Weiskopf N, and Crockford C
- Abstract
To decipher the evolution of the hominoid brain and its functions, it is essential to conduct comparative studies in primates, including our closest living relatives. However, strong ethical concerns preclude in vivo neuroimaging of great apes. We propose a responsible and multidisciplinary alternative approach that links behavior to brain anatomy in non-human primates from diverse ecological backgrounds. The brains of primates observed in the wild or in captivity are extracted and fixed shortly after natural death, and then studied using advanced MRI neuroimaging and histology to reveal macro- and microstructures. By linking detailed neuroanatomy with observed behavior within and across primate species, our approach provides new perspectives on brain evolution. Combined with endocranial brain imprints extracted from computed tomographic scans of the skulls these data provide a framework for decoding evolutionary changes in hominin fossils. This approach is poised to become a key resource for investigating the evolution and functional differentiation of hominoid brains., Competing Interests: The Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences has an institutional research agreement with Siemens Healthcare. NW holds a patent on acquisition of MRI data during spoiler gradients (US 10,401,453 B2). NW was a speaker at an event organized by Siemens Healthcare and was reimbursed for the travel expenses. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Friederici, Wittig, Anwander, Eichner, Gräßle, Jäger, Kirilina, Lipp, Düx, Edwards, Girard-Buttoz, Jauch, Kopp, Paquette, Pine, Unwin, Haun, Leendertz, McElreath, Morawski, Gunz, Weiskopf, Crockford and EBC Consortium.)
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- 2024
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38. Social uncertainty promotes signal complexity during approaches in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ) and mangabeys ( Cercocebus atys atys ).
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Grampp M, Samuni L, Girard-Buttoz C, León J, Zuberbühler K, Tkaczynski P, Wittig RM, and Crockford C
- Abstract
The social complexity hypothesis for the evolution of communication posits that complex social environments require greater communication complexity for individuals to effectively manage their relationships. We examined how different socially uncertain contexts, reflecting an increased level of social complexity, relate to variation in signalling within and between two species, which display varying levels of fission-fusion dynamics (sympatric-living chimpanzees and sooty mangabeys, Taï National Park, Ivory Coast). Combined signalling may improve message efficacy, notably when involving different perception channels, thus may increase in moments of high social uncertainty. We examined the probability of individuals to emit no signal, single or multisensory or combined (complex) signals, during social approaches which resulted in non-agonistic outcomes. In both species, individuals were more likely to use more combined and multisensory signals in post-conflict approaches with an opponent than in other contexts. The clearest impact of social uncertainty on signalling complexity was observed during chimpanzee fusions, where the likelihood of using complex signals tripled relative to other contexts. Overall, chimpanzees used more multisensory signals than mangabeys. Social uncertainty may shape detected species differences in variation in signalling complexity, thereby supporting the hypothesis that social complexity, particularly associated with high fission-fusion dynamics, promotes signalling complexity., Competing Interests: We declare we have no competing interests., (© 2023 The Authors.)
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- 2023
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39. Correction: 'Chimpanzee vowel-like sounds and voice quality suggest formant space expansion through the hominoid lineage' (2021), by Grawunder et al.
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Grawunder S, Uomini N, Samuni L, Bortolato T, Girard-Buttoz C, Wittig RM, and Crockford C
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- 2023
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40. Chimpanzees make tactical use of high elevation in territorial contexts.
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Lemoine SRT, Samuni L, Crockford C, and Wittig RM
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- Animals, Humans, Cote d'Ivoire, Pan troglodytes
- Abstract
Tactical warfare is considered a driver of the evolution of human cognition. One such tactic, considered unique to humans, is collective use of high elevation in territorial conflicts. This enables early detection of rivals and low-risk maneuvers, based on information gathered. Whether other animals use such tactics is unknown. With a unique dataset of 3 years of simultaneous behavioral and ranging data on 2 neighboring groups of western chimpanzees, from the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, we tested whether chimpanzees make decisions consistent with tactical use of topography to gain an advantage over rivals. We show that chimpanzees are more likely to use high hills when traveling to, rather than away from, the border where conflict typically takes place. Once on border hills, chimpanzees favor activities that facilitate information gathering about rivals. Upon leaving hills, movement decisions conformed with lowest risk engagement, indicating that higher elevation facilitates the detection of rivals presence or absence. Our results support the idea that elevation use facilitated rival information gathering and appropriate tactical maneuvers. Landscape use during territorial maneuvers in natural contexts suggests chimpanzees seek otherwise inaccessible information to adjust their behavior and points to the use of sophisticated cognitive abilities, commensurate with selection for cognition in species where individuals gain benefits from coordinated territorial defense. We advocate territorial contexts as a key paradigm for unpicking complex animal cognition., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Lemoine et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2023
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41. Chimpanzees show the capacity to communicate about concomitant daily life events.
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Bortolato T, Friederici AD, Girard-Buttoz C, Wittig RM, and Crockford C
- Abstract
One universal feature of human language is its versatility in communicating about juxtapositions of everyday events. Versatile combinatorial systems of communication can be selected for if (a) several vocal units are flexibly combined into numerous and long vocal sequences and (b) vocal sequences relate to numerous daily life events. We propose (b) is more likely during simultaneous or serial (concomitant) events than single events. We analyzed 9,391 vocal utterances across the repertoire of wild chimpanzees and their events of production. Chimpanzees used vocal sequences across a range of daily life events and twice as often during concomitant than single events. Also, utterance diversity correlated positively with event diversity. Our results show the potential of chimpanzee vocal sequences to convey combined information about numerous daily life events, a step from which generalized combinatoriality could have evolved., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2023 The Authors.)
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- 2023
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42. High angular resolution susceptibility imaging and estimation of fiber orientation distribution functions in primate brain.
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Gkotsoulias DG, Müller R, Jäger C, Schlumm T, Mildner T, Eichner C, Pampel A, Jaffe J, Gräßle T, Alsleben N, Chen J, Crockford C, Wittig R, Liu C, and Möller HE
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Neuroimaging, Primates, Brain diagnostic imaging, White Matter diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Uncovering brain-tissue microstructure including axonal characteristics is a major neuroimaging research focus. Within this scope, anisotropic properties of magnetic susceptibility in white matter have been successfully employed to estimate primary axonal trajectories using mono-tensorial models. However, anisotropic susceptibility has not yet been considered for modeling more complex fiber structures within a voxel, such as intersecting bundles, or an estimation of orientation distribution functions (ODFs). This information is routinely obtained by high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) techniques. In applications to fixed tissue, however, diffusion-weighted imaging suffers from an inherently low signal-to-noise ratio and limited spatial resolution, leading to high demands on the performance of the gradient system in order to mitigate these limitations. In the current work, high angular resolution susceptibility imaging (HARSI) is proposed as a novel, phase-based methodology to estimate ODFs. A multiple gradient-echo dataset was acquired in an entire fixed chimpanzee brain at 61 orientations by reorienting the specimen in the magnetic field. The constant solid angle method was adapted for estimating phase-based ODFs. HARDI data were also acquired for comparison. HARSI yielded information on whole-brain fiber architecture, including identification of peaks of multiple bundles that resembled features of the HARDI results. Distinct differences between both methods suggest that susceptibility properties may offer complementary microstructural information. These proof-of-concept results indicate a potential to study the axonal organization in post-mortem primate and human brain at high resolution., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no competing interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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- 2023
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43. Slow development of vocal sequences through ontogeny in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus).
- Author
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Bortolato T, Mundry R, Wittig RM, Girard-Buttoz C, and Crockford C
- Subjects
- Animals, Adult, Humans, Child, Pan troglodytes, Learning, Hominidae, Voice
- Abstract
The development of the unique, hierarchical, and endless combinatorial capacity in a human language requires neural maturation and learning through childhood. Compared with most non-human primates, where combinatorial capacity seems limited, chimpanzees present a complex vocal system comprising hundreds of vocal sequences. We investigated how such a complex vocal system develops and the processes involved. We recorded 10,929 vocal utterances of 98 wild chimpanzees aged 0-55 years, from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. We developed customized Generalized non-Linear Models to estimate the ontogenetic trajectory of four structural components of vocal complexity: utterance length, diversity, probability of panting (requiring phonation across inhalation and exhalation), and probability of producing two adjacent panted units. We found chimpanzees need 10 years to reach adult levels of vocal complexity. In three variables, the steepest increase coincided with the age of first non-kin social interactions (2-5 years), and plateaued in sub-adults (8-10 years), as individuals integrate into adult social life. Producing two adjacent panted units may require more neuromuscular coordination of the articulators, as its emergence and steepest increase appear later in development. These results suggest prolonged maturational processes beyond those hitherto thought likely in species that do not learn their vocal repertoire. Our results suggest that multifaceted ontogenetic processes drive increases in vocal structural complexity in chimpanzees, particularly increases in social complexity and neuro-muscular maturation. As humans live in a complex social world, empirical support for the "social complexity hypothesis" may have relevance for theories of language evolution. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Chimpanzees need around 10 years to develop the vocal structural complexity present in the adult repertoire, way beyond the age of emergence of every single vocal unit. Multifaceted ontogenetic processes may drive increases in vocal structural complexity in chimpanzees, particularly increases in social complexity and neuro-muscular maturation. Non-linear increases in vocal complexity coincide with social developmental milestones. Vocal sequences requiring rapid articulatory change emerge later than other vocal sequences, suggesting neuro-muscular maturational processes continue through the juvenile years., (© 2022 The Authors. Developmental Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2023
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44. Shared community effects and the non-genetic maternal environment shape cortisol levels in wild chimpanzees.
- Author
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Tkaczynski PJ, Mafessoni F, Girard-Buttoz C, Samuni L, Ackermann CY, Fedurek P, Gomes C, Hobaiter C, Löhrich T, Manin V, Preis A, Valé PD, Wessling EG, Wittiger L, Zommers Z, Zuberbuehler K, Vigilant L, Deschner T, Wittig RM, and Crockford C
- Subjects
- Animals, Social Cohesion, Glucocorticoids, Phenotype, Hydrocortisone, Pan troglodytes
- Abstract
Mechanisms of inheritance remain poorly defined for many fitness-mediating traits, especially in long-lived animals with protracted development. Using 6,123 urinary samples from 170 wild chimpanzees, we examined the contributions of genetics, non-genetic maternal effects, and shared community effects on variation in cortisol levels, an established predictor of survival in long-lived primates. Despite evidence for consistent individual variation in cortisol levels across years, between-group effects were more influential and made an overwhelming contribution to variation in this trait. Focusing on within-group variation, non-genetic maternal effects accounted for 8% of the individual differences in average cortisol levels, significantly more than that attributable to genetic factors, which was indistinguishable from zero. These maternal effects are consistent with a primary role of a shared environment in shaping physiology. For chimpanzees, and perhaps other species with long life histories, community and maternal effects appear more relevant than genetic inheritance in shaping key physiological traits., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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45. Expression of concern: 'Chimpanzee vowel-like sounds and voice quality suggest formant space expansion through the hominoid lineage' (2022) by Grawunder et al.
- Author
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Grawunder S, Uomini N, Samuni L, Bortolato T, Girard-Buttoz C, Wittig RM, and Crockford C
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- 2023
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46. Comprehension of own and other species' alarm calls in sooty mangabey vocal development.
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León J, Thiriau C, Crockford C, and Zuberbühler K
- Abstract
Abstract: Primates understand the meaning of their own and other species' alarm calls, but little is known about how they acquire such knowledge. Here, we combined direct behavioural observations with playback experiments to investigate two key processes underlying vocal development: comprehension and usage. Especifically, we studied the development of con- and heterospecific alarm call recognition in free-ranging sooty mangabeys, Cercocebus atys , across three age groups: young juveniles (1-2y), old juveniles (3-4y) and adults (> 5y). We observed that, during natural predator encounters, juveniles alarm called to a significantly wider range of species than adults, with evidence of refinement during the first four years of life. In the experiments, we exposed subjects to leopard, eagle and snake alarm calls given by other group members or sympatric Diana monkeys. We found that young juveniles' locomotor and vocal responses were least appropriate and that they engaged in more social referencing (look at adults when hearing an alarm call) than older individuals, suggesting that vocal competence is obtained via social learning. In conclusion, our results suggest that alarm call comprehension is socially learned during the juvenile stage, with comprehension preceding appropriate usage but no difference between learning their own or other species' alarm calls., Significance Statement: Under natural conditions, animals do not just interact with members of their own species, but usually operate in a network of associated species. However, ontogenetic research on primate communication frequently ignores this significant element. We studied the development of con- and heterospecific alarm call recognition in wild sooty mangabeys. We found that communicative competence was acquired during the juvenile stages, with alarm call comprehension learning preceding appropriate vocal usage and with no clear difference in learning of con- and heterospecific signals. We also found that, during early stages of life, social referencing, a proactive form of social learning, was key in the acquisition of competent alarm call behaviour. Our results show that primates equally learn to interpret alarm calls from their own and other species during their early stages of life and that this learning process is refined as the animals mature., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00265-023-03318-6., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2023.)
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- 2023
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47. Patterns and consequences of age-linked change in local relatedness in animal societies.
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Ellis S, Johnstone RA, Cant MA, Franks DW, Weiss MN, Alberts SC, Balcomb KC, Benton CH, Brent LJN, Crockford C, Davidian E, Delahay RJ, Ellifrit DK, Höner OP, Meniri M, McDonald RA, Nichols HJ, Thompson FJ, Vigilant L, Wittig RM, and Croft DP
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Male, Reproduction, Longevity, Social Behavior, Mammals
- Abstract
The ultimate payoff of behaviours depends not only on their direct impact on an individual, but also on the impact on their relatives. Local relatedness-the average relatedness of an individual to their social environment-therefore has profound effects on social and life history evolution. Recent work has begun to show that local relatedness has the potential to change systematically over an individual's lifetime, a process called kinship dynamics. However, it is unclear how general these kinship dynamics are, whether they are predictable in real systems and their effects on behaviour and life history evolution. In this study, we combine modelling with data from real systems to explore the extent and impact of kinship dynamics. We use data from seven group-living mammals with diverse social and mating systems to demonstrate not only that kinship dynamics occur in animal systems, but also that the direction and magnitude of kinship dynamics can be accurately predicted using a simple model. We use a theoretical model to demonstrate that kinship dynamics can profoundly affect lifetime patterns of behaviour and can drive sex differences in helping and harming behaviour across the lifespan in social species. Taken together, this work demonstrates that kinship dynamics are likely to be a fundamental dimension of social evolution, especially when considering age-linked changes and sex differences in behaviour and life history., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
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- 2022
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48. Maternal effects on the development of vocal communication in wild chimpanzees.
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Bründl AC, Girard-Buttoz C, Bortolato T, Samuni L, Grampp M, Löhrich T, Tkaczynski P, Wittig RM, and Crockford C
- Abstract
Early-life experiences, such as maternal care received, influence adult social integration and survival. We examine what changes to social behavior through ontogeny lead to these lifelong effects, particularly whether early-life maternal environment impacts the development of social communication. Chimpanzees experience prolonged social communication development. Focusing on a central communicative trait, the "pant-hoot" contact call used to solicit social engagement, we collected cross-sectional data on wild chimpanzees (52 immatures and 36 mothers). We assessed early-life socioecological impacts on pant-hoot rates across development, specifically: mothers' gregariousness, age, pant-hoot rates and dominance rank, maternal loss, and food availability, controlling for current maternal effects. We found that early-life maternal gregariousness correlated positively with offspring pant-hoot rates, while maternal loss led to reduced pant-hoot rates across development. Males had steeper developmental trajectories in pant-hoot rates than females. We demonstrate the impact of maternal effects on developmental trajectories of a rarely investigated social trait, vocal production., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2022 The Authors.)
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- 2022
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49. Dead-infant carrying by chimpanzee mothers in the Budongo Forest.
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Soldati A, Fedurek P, Crockford C, Adue S, Akankwasa JW, Asiimwe C, Asua J, Atayo G, Chandia B, Freymann E, Fryns C, Muhumuza G, Taylor D, Zuberbühler K, and Hobaiter C
- Subjects
- Animals, Cadaver, Female, Forests, Humans, Mothers psychology, Primates, Death, Pan troglodytes psychology
- Abstract
It has been suggested that non-human primates can respond to deceased conspecifics in ways that suggest they experience psychological states not unlike humans, some of which could indicate they exhibit a notion of death. Here, we report long-term demographic data from two East African chimpanzee groups. During a combined 40-year observation period, we recorded 191 births of which 68 died in infancy, mostly within the first year. We documented the post-mortem behaviour of the mothers and describe nine occasions where Budongo chimpanzee mothers carried infants for 1-3 days after their death, usually until the body started to decompose. We also observed three additional cases of extended carrying lasting for more than 2 weeks, one of which was followed by the unusual extended carrying of an object and another which lasted 3 months. In each case, the corpses mummified. In addition, we report four instances of recurring dead-infant carrying by mothers, three of whom carried the corpse for longer during the second instance. We discuss these observations in view of functional hypotheses of dead-infant carrying in primates and the potential proximate mechanisms involved in this behaviour., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
50. Population-specific call order in chimpanzee greeting vocal sequences.
- Author
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Girard-Buttoz C, Bortolato T, Laporte M, Grampp M, Zuberbühler K, Wittig RM, and Crockford C
- Abstract
Primates rarely learn new vocalizations, but they can learn to use their vocalizations in different contexts. Such "vocal usage learning," particularly in vocal sequences, is a hallmark of human language, but remains understudied in non-human primates. We assess usage learning in four wild chimpanzee communities of Taï and Budongo Forests by investigating population differences in call ordering of a greeting vocal sequence. Whilst in all groups, these sequences consisted of pant-hoots (long-distance contact call) and pant-grunts (short-distance submissive call), the order of the two calls differed across populations. Taï chimpanzees consistently commenced greetings with pant-hoots, whereas Budongo chimpanzees started with pant-grunts. We discuss different hypotheses to explain this pattern and conclude that higher intra-group aggression in Budongo may have led to a local pattern of individuals signaling submission first. This highlights how within-species variation in social dynamics may lead to flexibility in call order production, possibly acquired via usage learning., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2022 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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